Negative Phenomena Research Articles

Formation of Aesthetic Taste in Students of Professional Educational Organization by Means of Decorative and Applied Art

Introduction. The current stage of development of Russian society is characterized by global socio-economic changes that have caused instability in public life, a crisis of society and its main institutions, the destruction of spiritual ideals, which has led to a decrease in the level of morality and spirituality of young people, the level of formation of aesthetic taste. Therefore, the problem of lack of aesthetic tolerance is relevant, which can lead to negative phenomena in society, indifference or an aggressive attitude towards complex aesthetic phenomena that require intellectual perception. The purpose of the study is to develop and theoretically substantiate a didactic model for the formation of students’ aesthetic taste in an educational environment through the means of arts and crafts and to experimentally test its effectiveness. Methodology. To solve the problems, the following research methods were used: theoretical: ascent from the abstract to the concrete, idealization (creation of an ideal object) as a thought experiment; empirical: observation, pedagogical experiment, study of the results of artistic and creative activities of students. Research instruments are the tools that were used to collect and analyze data. We used the following tools: survey (using the survey we found answers to a number of questions that were developed for a specific group of students); an interview that helped gather information about students’ knowledge of arts and crafts; observation – this tool was used to study human behavior in various situations We studied the level of practical skills of students in the implementation of aesthetic ideas when performing an object of decorative and applied art using the association of a picture, which reflects the national idea, historical symbols and connotations – traditions and rituals, epics in the form of traditional shapes and colors, simple symbols, decorative folklore images. Based on the results obtained, in the course of empirical research, we have developed training programs for in-depth mastery of content in the disciplines “Technology” and “Fine Arts”. The thematic curriculum includes the following sections: 1. Russian art of the 18th–20th centuries. in the works of artists (I. E. Repin, M. P. Botkin, A. G. Venetsianov, P. P. Vereshchagin, etc.). 2. History of Russian culture in epics, fables, poems and fairy tales. 3. Russian decorative art. 4. Ornament as a form of Russian philosophy. 5. Ornament in the works of Khokhloma masters. 6. Ornament of Siberian carpets. 7. Understanding of beauty in Russian painting. 8. The property of Russian literature. Results. As a result of the study, a didactic model for the formation of aesthetic taste of students in the educational environment of a college was developed. The experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the developed curriculum and the identified pedagogical conditions that contribute to the most effective formation of aesthetic taste among students of a professional educational organization through the means of decorative and applied arts. Methodological products were adapted to the conditions of the Chelyabinsk Pedagogical College No. 1. After analyzing the problems identified within the framework of the study, programs for the academic disciplines “Fine Arts and Technology” and methodological recommendations for the formation of artistic and aesthetic taste through the means of decorative and applied arts were developed and implemented into the educational process of designers. Conclusions. The developed curriculum, being part of the educational process at aesthetic faculties, contains specific proposals for improving the training of specialists. Particular attention is paid to tasks for students specializing in painting. This allows us to enrich the experience of implementing creative projects and create aesthetically pleasing products of modern design. The methodological products developed during the study can be used in the professional activities of teachers of vocational training in secondary vocational education organizations.

Lateral Social Influences in Organizations: Coworker Support

Abstract The need for relationships is a fundamental human need that, together with the need for autonomy and competence, determines the level of efficiency and performance of the individual at work. Interpersonal relationships create the social climate at the workplace; it has a significant influence on the psychological comfort of the employees, supporting them in carrying out their tasks and protecting them from the possible harmful effects of multiple or excessive demands. The relationships with co-workers that can be classified into two large categories: coworker support and coworker antagonism. In this paper we present a set of fundamental information about coworker support which can manifest as instrumental support (informational or behavioral) or affective support. It can influence employee’s role perceptions, work attitudes and effectiveness, and organizational citizenship behaviors, but it can also induce negative phenomena such as counterproductive behaviors and certain forms of withdrawal. In modern organizations, coworker support can also manifest as a non-traditional form of mentoring based on “development networks” that are made up of sets of relationships with people who show interest and act so that an individual advance in his career, providing him with assistance in multiple and varied directions.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC FINANCE IN ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE PLACE OF PUBLIC INVESTMENT

Ensuring economic growth is a necessary condition for the successful socio-economic development of the country as a whole. This requires the activation of the role of public finance and public investment for the development and activation of processes in local self-government bodies, the state and local business as a key factor that determines the dynamics of capital in the economy and has an impact on the pace and nature of economic growth. At the same time, public investment can be considered as a management tool for promoting sustainable development. In conditions of socioeconomic instability, public finances are an important component of the financial system, which cannot adapt to changes automatically. The inertia of public finances generates additional risks notonly for the resource provision of the state's functioning, but also leads to a number of negative phenomena of a macroeconomic and social nature. Under these conditions, the budget is not only an important instrument of the state, through which monitoring of the state of public production and provision of social guarantees to the population is ensured, but also stabilization of the financial system as a whole is carried out. The article proves that an important determinant of socio-economic development of regions is financial decentralization, which contributes, on the one hand, to reducing the role of the state in their financial support, and on the other hand, creates opportunities for strengthening the autonomy of local budgets. The article substantiates the main methods of attracting public investment in the region, namely: regulatory and legal support; allocation of priorities for the selection of investment projects; definition and use of mechanisms for supporting investment activity; development of an investment passport; creation of a separate investment promotion service. A comprehensive analysis of the current state of the public finance system makes it possible to derive some limitations and criteria for the organization of relations between the fiscal and monetary systems in the context of current tasks of socio-economic development

Problem aspects of verifying declarations and monitoring the lifestyle

In modern conditions, when the country suffers from a full-scale invasion from the outside, there is no less an enemy within it - corruption. An important factor contributing to the fight against corruption is society, which can help anti-corruption authorities in the fight against such a negative phenomenon as corruption with the help of various means. Among such means, declaration and monitoring of the way of life of officials stand out. This paper will be devoted to highlighting the problem of the imperfection of the current legislation in terms of monitoring the lifestyle of certain categories of persons. Thus, it will be pointed out the problematic decision of the CCU, due to which it was necessary to change the approach to the verification of declarations and lifestyle monitoring. The consequences of this decision will also be analyzed. Thus, according to the current legislation, there should be three separate lifestyle monitoring procedures: the general procedure, the procedure for monitoring the lifestyle of NACP employees, and the procedure for monitoring the lifestyle of judges. However, currently only two orders are in operation: general and for employees of NACP. According to the legislation, the procedure for lifestyle monitoring and full verification of the declarations of judges and judges of the ccu is adopted by agreement with the High Council of Justice. Back in 2021, NACP appealed to the High Council of Justice, but was refused. Therefore, since that time, the order was never adopted. The purpose of the study is to analyze the participation of the public in the use of such anti-corruption tools as the declaration of persons authorized to perform the functions of the state or local self-government, monitoring their lifestyle, and the ways of their interaction with the NACP, as well as to identify shortcomings in the legislation and develop proposals for their elimination.

Преступность в сфере осуществления правосудия как объект криминологического изучения

The article examines the criminological essence of the totality of crimes against justice. It is noted that the complex of these socially dangerous acts is an independent type of crime, since it has the corresponding characteristics: mass character, historical variability, systematicity, and represents a negative social phenomenon of a criminal legal nature. It is emphasized that the crimes mentioned in Chapter 31 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation not only infringe on the interests of justice in a narrow sense, but also on the legitimate activities of bodies and persons assisting courts in carrying out their functions. In this regard, the phenomenon under study is defined as crime in the sphere of administration of justice. The conclusion is made about the need for an independent criminological study of its quantitative and qualitative characteristics in order to identify the patterns of its existence and development, determine the determination complex, establish the degree of prevalence in the structure of general crime, predict the future state, and, ultimately, increase the efficiency of law enforcement agencies aimed at combating criminality in the sphere of administration of justice.

Theoretical foundations of the emergence and development of crisis phenomena in economic systems

The article summarizes the theoretical foundations of the emergence and development of crisis phenomena in economic systems and the peculiarities of their manifestation at the macro level. It is emphasized that the economic crisis represents a complexly structured and multifactorial system of relationships with the external environment, as well as a multicomponent internal structure, which complicates the process of its study. It has been established that in the scientific literature, the position of considering the crisis as an unfavorable situation in the development of individual economic systems prevails, however, there are different approaches to the definition of this concept, as well as the predominance of its favorable and unfavorable characteristics. The theoretical principles of economic science regarding the understanding of the essence of economic crises are summarized and the following approaches are highlighted: classical, rational combination of market self-regulation and state regulation, intermediary-behavioral. It was established that the crisis was viewed as a factor of negative impact on the economy, caused by the instability of the markets, and also as a process that requires prompt response in order to stabilize the crisis situation and neutralize its consequences. Attention is drawn to such a characteristic of the crisis as its duration, which depends on the state of the external and internal environment of the functioning of economic systems, which requires a detailed identification of its factors and vectors of influence. The existing approaches to the definition of the concept of «crisis» are systematized and two main groups are distinguished, one of which considers the crisis as a negative phenomenon, and the second – as a turning point in the life cycle of the enterprise, as an impulse for further development, which can have both negative and positive effects. consequences. On the basis of which, a conclusion was made about the need for the management of any enterprise to monitor its functioning environment in order to identify possible causes of crises and their monitoring. It is substantiated by the reasons for the probability of a crisis at the enterprise level due to changes in the external and internal environment of its functioning. It is proposed to distinguish the concept of «crisis» as a state of the enterprise, which involves its disorganization, and «crisis process» as an unstable, dynamic process of changing the values of the main parameters of its internal and external environment. The author's approach to the examination of the crisis involves considering the state of the enterprise at the breaking point, which is determined by the contradictions between the internal and external environment, which, in the absence of the possibility of their resolution, can cause irreversible consequences for it functioning system. Regarding the understanding of the crisis process, it should be considered as a process that changes the state of the enterprise due to the influence of contradictions between the internal and external environment, which constantly changes the values of their main parameters and has a continuous, dynamic, unstable, cyclical nature. It is argued that the crisis process begins to arise if the internal state of the enterprise does not match its macro environment, which can lead to its possible liquidation. The need to study the crisis according to the stages of the crisis process is substantiated, which will allow to determine the bifurcation points at which the enterprise becomes unstable, according to the periods of the development of the crisis process, and to distinguish the following types of crisis: strategic, liquidity, insolvency, critical. Key words: crisis, crisis process, economic system, enterprise, crisis duration, bifurcation points.

ТІНЬОВІ ВІДНОСИНИ ПРИ ВИРОБНИЦТВІ ТА ОБІГУ ПРОДУКЦІЇ РОСЛИННИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ ТА НАПРЯМИ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ ЇМ

Introduction. The sector of national agricultural production and sales of plant products has significant volumes of the shadow economy. First of all, it is about shadow farming on the land and shadow circulation of plant products. Both the owners of the land, who manage non-publicly, and the economy of the country in general suffer from such negative phenomena. Moreover, shadow agrarian production affects other related industries, which increases the scope of the consequences of the illegal economy. Problem Statement. The problem of shadow production and circulation of plant products is complex and has existed for more than a decade. Attempts to solve this problem have not yielded real results so far. There are objective and subjective factors that have caused the existence of shadow production and circulation of plant products in Ukraine. After all, a situation has developed in the country, in which some business entities cannot manage land publicly for a number of objective reasons, while others benefit from shadow management. Participants in the shadow circulation of crop production are land owners who manage their own land alone or give land for use without registering the right to lease. The beneficiaries of the shadow circulation of crop production are land tenants, suppliers of commodity and material values for crop production, buyers of crop production and other subjects who seek and are able to receive profits from shadow operations. The purpose is to justify the necessity of detinization of land management processes and the circulation of plant products. Methods. The following methods are used: abstract-logical, systematization, dialectical and formal logic, expert evaluations. Results. Shadow farming on the land and shadow circulation of plant products were studied. A number of factors have been identified that cause the existence of shadow farming on land and the shadow circulation of plant products. The necessity and possibility of ending shadow farming on the land and the shadow circulation of plant products have been proven. Conclusions. The problems of shadow management on land and shadow circulation of plant products can be solved through legal, institutional and organizational mechanisms, the application of which will be aimed at creating conditions under which public management on land will provide the producer with more economic benefits than shadow management.

The defectiveness of propaganda

Abstract We argue that political propaganda is a negative phenomenon, against a recent strain of philosophical theorizing that argues that political propaganda can sometimes be neutral or even positive. After an exploration of the sense and connotation of the word ‘propaganda’ in ordinary use and in the scholarly literature, we discuss Ross's initial account of propaganda as an epistemically defective form of political communication. We claim that, with some refinements, it is an explanatorily useful analysis. We then assess two prominent attempts that aim at classifying legitimate cases of public communication as cases of propaganda, namely Ross's revision of her previous model and Stanley's influential account. We show that some of the cases in contention are problematic and that the arguments the authors offer for classifying other non-problematic cases as propaganda are inconclusive. We also argue that the idea of considering legitimate public communication as propaganda is unmotivated.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM OF PIGS

The article presents the results of clinical trials of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory veterinary drug when administered to fattening piglets with clinical signs of musculoskeletal diseases. For the treatment of the diseases, piglets of the experimental (I) and control (II) groups received an antimicrobial drug based on the tetracycline antibiotic. The animals of the experimental group were additionally administered orally with drinking water the test non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug based on acetylsalicylic, ascorbic and citric acids, in the recommended dosage by the manufacturer. Blood for laboratory tests was selected from piglets before and after the use of drugs. Studies of hematological and biochemical parameters were conducted according to generally accepted methods. The therapeutic efficiecy of the drug and its effect on the morphofunctional state of the body was evaluated by comparing the statistically processed data obtained before and after treatment, as well as in comparison with the indicators of animals of the control group. The analysis of hematological parameters of piglets during the experiment showed a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the animal’s blood after the use of drugs. The normalization of the leukogram was also noted by reducing the relative number of rod-nuclear neutrophils. In particular, this indicator decreased by 17.4% in group I piglets, and by 12% in group II piglets. It is noted that the clinical response to therapy was faster and more pronounced in animals, which used a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in combination with an antimicrobial drug than in piglets, which were treated only by antibiotic. According to the results of biochemical studies, it was found that the content of urea in the serum of animals of both groups before the use of drugs exceeded more than 3 times the upper limit of physiological values for a given age group of piglets. After therapy with the drugs a significant decrease in the urea content in the blood serum of groups 1 and 2 animals was noted by 3.42 and 2.98 times, respectively. It is established that the activity of marker enzymes of the liver physiological state (ALT, AST) in the serum of group I piglets after complex treatment with the studied drugs was slightly reduced and was within the physiological values. In the serum of group II animals, which were treated only with antimicrobial drug, ALT activity increased by 12,0 %, and AST – by 38,6 %, compared to the initial data, and exceeded the limit of physiological values. An increase in the content of iron by 37.4 % in the blood of group I piglets, compared to the period before drug administration, was noted. No adverse reactions and negative phenomena were detected during the use of the test drug, and the drug was well tolerated. According to the clinical condition of the experimental group animals and the results of laboratory tests it was established that the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs based on acetylsalicylic, ascorbic and citric acids simultaneously with antimicrobial therapy led to a faster improvement in the state of the musculoskeletal system. Observation during the month of the piglet’s clinical conditions confirmed the safety of the drug in the recommended dosage and method of administration in the combined treatment of inflammatory processes of the musculoskeletal system.

Exploring nurses’ postturnover experiences in their new employment: A self-determination and job-fit perspective

Nurses are known for having to work in a demanding work environment. As a result of this, nurses often quit their job, hoping to get better working conditions elsewhere. In this wave of change, how do nurses experience postturnover re-employment? Based on self-determination and person-job fit theory, this article aims to explore the postturnover experiences of nurses working in Dutch health care. 56 interviews were conducted where nurses reflected upon experiences at their former and current employment. Three main themes were identified: (1) improved levels of mental and physical well-being, (2) alignment of job skills and job needs to work environment, and (3) enhanced professional network. Our findings are congruent with self-determination theory and person-job fit theory and extend the knowledge base on individual postturnover implications, highlighting that turnover, although often seen as a negative phenomenon from the perspective of an organization, can benefit those who change employers. JEL CLASSIFICATION: M100

Об ойратских текстах из рукописного сборника БМ-574 из коллекции П. Б. Балданжапова

Introduction. The collection of Oirat manuscripts by the famous Buryat scientist P. B. Baldanzhapov presents samples of Oirat texts collected by him during expeditions to Mongolia in the 1960s–1970s. Among these texts, along with hymns, praises of the deities of the Buddhist pantheon, sutras, fortune-telling books, descriptions of incense rituals, dharani texts (tarni) and texts against slander are presented. The purpose of the article is to present a description of the handwritten collection BM 574 in the Oirat language from the collection of P. B. Baldanzhapov, stored in the collections of the Central Historical Research Center of the IMBT SB RAS. Materials. The collection in question includes two texts: Xutuqtu biligiyin cāna kürüqsen tabün yoümiyin xürāngγüyin züreken kemēkü (“Holy [dharani], called ‘The Heart (Essence) of the Assembly of Five Mothers Who Have Achieved Transcendent Wisdom‘”) and Xutuqtu xara ama kele amurli ülün üyiledüqči kemēkü yeke külgüni sudur (“The Holy Mahayana Sutra, called “Pacifying Slander”). Results. Based on the analysis of the texts of the collection under consideration, their transliteration and translation into Russian in comparison with a number of published texts similar in topic, it was concluded that these texts are evidence of the existence of the Buddhist tradition among the Mongolian peoples, allowing one to get an idea of the thematic diversity of texts that have been circulating among believers. The texts considered shed light on the ritual side of Buddhist practice, aimed at eliminating various types of disasters and negative phenomena in the daily life of believers.

Determination of the state of methodological support for the study of state anti-corruption policy in Ukraine

Determination of the state of methodological support for the study of state anti-corruption policy in Ukraine

Computational investigations of Ka-226T helicopter coaxial rotor aerodynamics in the vortex ring state

The vortex ring states are observed when the rotor is flowed at positive angles of attack. For the main rotor, these conditions are realized during a steep descent of the helicopter at low speeds. The rotor vortex ring states are affected by significant phenomena related to the behavior of its aerodynamics, including negative phenomena. The latter is, firstly, referred to decrease in rotor thrust, increase in the required power, pulsations of thrust and torque, unsteady flapping blade motion, etc. In terms of helicopter piloting, it means a sharp loss of altitude, increase in the control force, a high level of vibration, defocusing attenuation of rotor spinning cone, as well as controllability deterioration. All these factors determine the relevance of research on these modes and the importance of solving a problem of defining their boundaries. Recently, due to the rapid development of computer technologies and computational models, it has become practical to perform numerical research of the rotor aerodynamics in vortex ring states. The paper presents the study results of Ka-226T helicopter coaxial rotor aerodynamics in steep descent modes in the field of vortex ring states. The angles of rotor attack αВ = 90...30° and the range of vertical descent velocities Vу = 0...26 m/s are considered. The original nonlinear bladed vortex model of the rotor developed at the Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) was used. The total and distributed aerodynamic rotor characteristics were calculated. The shapes of the vortex wake and the rotor flow patterns were analyzed. The boundaries of the vortex ring states in velocity coordinates “Vx − Vу” were constructed according to various criteria reflecting the known features of these states. The results obtained significantly complement the existing experience of experimental and numerical research in this field.

Stable and repeatable ZrO2 RRAM achieved by NiO barrier layer for negative set phenomenon elimination

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM) is a promising non-volatile memory technology due to its fast operation, low power consumption, and high reliability. However, the negative set phenomenon remains a challenge for RRAM, which can lead to the deterioration of device switching parameters. In this study, we successfully addressed this issue by inserting a NiO blocking layer between the ZrO2 and Ag top electrodes in ZrO2-based RRAM. In addition, the resistive switching characteristics of the device are significantly enhanced by the incorporation of a p-type oxide NiO layer. Compared to single-layer ZrO2 devices, the double-layer Ag/NiO/ZrO2/ITO RRAM exhibits improved cycling durability (>500 cycles) and good retention time (3 × 104s). Our analysis of the device conduction mechanism and proposed resistive switching model suggest that oxygen vacancies play a connecting role in the reset process, leading to failed reset behavior. Through the incorporation of a p-type semiconductor NiO layer into ZrO2-based RRAMs, the interference of oxygen vacancies on the reset process can be effectively impeded. This approach not only provides an effective resolution to the unforeseen negative set phenomenon in RRAM devices, but it also holds paramount significance for the advancement of high-performance RRAMs.

Customer’s Responses to Changes in Islamic Banking Service Post Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

This research focuses on identifying customers' responses to the changes that limit direct service and implementing online-based Islamic banking services. This study uses a mix-method approach and results of interviews with Islamic bank staff and questionnaires to 260 respondents, showed that the changes that accommodate Covid-19 protocol in CARTER were received positively by customers as a form of empathy and response to their complaints. It also emphasizes that the pandemic is not an entirely negative phenomenon. Instead, it gives momentum for business development through a transformation toward the digital banking services that trend in financial business.

Violation of road traffic safety rules: theoretical and practical considerations

Synthesizing the phenomenon of road accidents in recent years, it is revealed that they are included in the group of negative phenomena with major implications in the development of relations at the social level. Statistically, it has been highlighted that, as a result of road accidents, there are losses of both human lives and particularly important financial values, which states that the Republic of Moldova is among the countries with a high risk of victimization.

Antibacterial Agents Used in Modifications of Dental Resin Composites: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Resin-based composites (RBCs) are very common and often applicable in dentistry. Their disadvantage is susceptibility to secondary caries due to the formation of bacterial biofilm at the interface with the patient’s tissues. Antimicrobial additive incorporation into RBCs seems to be a justified method to alleviate the above-mentioned negative phenomenon. The aim of this review is to provide a juxtaposition of strategies and results on the topic of antimicrobial composites. It also provides insights into future research and prospects for clinical applications. Methods: This review summarizes the literature from 2017 to 2024, describing potential antimicrobial agents incorporated into dental composites. The research methodology involved a systematic search using the Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome (PICO) structure and selecting articles from databases such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier, which allowed for an in-depth review of substances utilized for the antibacterial modification of RBCs. Results: A total of 159 articles were identified, 43 of which met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: This review is a summary of novel approaches in the field of dental materials science. The results show the variety of approaches to modifying composites for antimicrobial efficacy. It is worth underlining that there is a significant difficulty in comparing the studies selected for this review. This is related to the different modifiers used and the modification of composites with different compositions. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of a standardized approach to the modification of dental materials to give them a biocidal character and simultaneously maintain the stability of their mechanical and chemical properties.

MODERN APPROACHES TO CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS

The article examines the essence and features of conflicts. Conflicts should be understood as a complex phenomenon that can be caused by various circumstances, contradictions between two or more parties, and is accompanied by mutual actions or disagreements and can have various consequences. The main features of conflict are given, which include: contradiction, mutual disagreement, interaction, tension, desire for influence and the need for a solution. The existing conflict theories were studied, in particular within the framework of systems theory (conflicts arise as a result of disagreements and imbalances in systems, in particular social, political and economic), functionalist theory (conflicts are considered as a normal and necessary part of social life) and social-psychological theory (conflicts arise as a result of disagreements interests (individual, group and intergroup). The main advantages and disadvantages of the considered theories are given. With the development of the theory of conflicts, their essence and meaning were rethought and considered from different points of view. It should be noted that until the 20th century, conflict was considered as an exclusively negative phenomenon, however , after the 20th century, views on its essence have changed, and it is considered from the point of view of positive content, which contributes not only to problems in the activities of organizations, but also to their development. Conflicts between guests and employees result in the form of various complaints, which are divided into the following categories: complaints about service, complaints about cleanliness and hygiene, complaints about technical problems, complaints about the quality of food in the establishment, complaints about accommodation and comfort, etc. The article lists the main conflict generators by manifestation and behavior (negative attitude, condescending attitude, boastful attitude, mentoring relationships, dishonesty and insincerity, ethical violations, regressive behavior) and by the field of manifestation (social, economic, political, cultural, psychological). The article describes the peculiarities of conflict management in the hotel and restaurant business, which are caused by a large number of interested parties, emotional tension, a variety of cultures and communications, and the presence of guests.

Globalization and its Effect on the National Economy: The Albanian Case

Globalization is a widely discussed phenomenon that involves the free flow of goods, services, capital, and people across the world. It is mainly focused on economic and cultural aspects, among others. Globalization can be considered as a trend towards increasing of the interdependence and integration among the countries and regions of the globe. Globalization affects us all and leads a radical change in the human’s lives all over the planet, in the relations between them as well as in culture and other aspects related to institutions. So globalization increases incomes but simultaneously increases social inequalities, leaving some countries and groups of people behind. To put it simply, globalization can rapidly enrich a small group of capable individuals while impoverishing the larger population. This ultimately leads to a decline in living standards across the world. Globalization has both positive and negative sides, globalization also produces winners and losers, both between countries and within them, so there are losses and the lost, but the supporters of globalization do not accept this fact. In conditions when the economies are converging and that this phenomenon is generally acceptable, national governments should look forward to pay attention to the growth of domestic capital the pursuit of international financial reforms with the aim of making it possible to find solutions to help losses and the lost. National governments should have social protection policies on the top of their agenda as well as programs that will help as much as possible in the correcting of the unequal distribution, to help different groups in need. Labor migration is a negative phenomenon that caused by the globalization and damages the economy of small countries in transition as people capable of working move to developed countries for a better life than what they leave in their country of origin. The main indicators of the globalization of the national economy are producing for world markets, being part of the global financial markets, as well as foreign direct investments. Globalization is inevitable, under these conditions the duty of the national governments is to face of the pressure that leads to the subordination of the local economy to the global one. Globalization facilitates the connection of different parts of the world, reducing borders and allowing national economies to cater to global tastes. The decreased transportation costs also contribute to the intermingling of the global and local aspects, ultimately leading to the unification of regions. About globalism, there are currents for and against, while the opponents of globalism as well as those who call globalization the cause of poverty and inequality have not drawn up any alternative model for economic growth and development throughout the globe. Small countries like Albania require large international corporations or companies to invest in them to achieve comprehensive economic development, reduce unemployment, and increase well-being. Financial institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund also play a crucial role in this process. Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024

Negative rejection phenomenon in the mixed salt nanofiltration: Law and mechanism

The negative rejection of certain solutes is an interesting phenomenon often observed in nanofiltration (NF) process, which presents an ideal solute separation effect. In this study, the NF membrane pore size, electric charge property and influent ions composition were controlled to investigate the rule and mechanism of negative rejection phenomenon during SO42−/Cl− mixed salt NF. The results show that the changing of the membrane pore diameter and charge will significantly affect the NF selectivity to SO42−/Cl−, then affect the negative rejection phenomenon. Selective efficiency of Cl−/SO42− can be up to 156.04–283.20 for the negative charged NF membrane with an average pore diameter of 0.62–0.68 nm, and the Cl− was negatively rejected under many influent conditions with the lowest rejection rate of −252.36 %. The substitution of Na+ for Mg2+ and the increase of SO42−/Cl− ratio are beneficial to improve selectivity. The Donnan Steric Pore Model with dielectric exclusion model was used to calculate the rejection curve which is consistent with the experimental results. The analysis of NF mechanism shows that the negative rejection of Cl− is caused by the extra transfer power derived from the NF selectivity to Cl−, which is a compensation for the higher rejection rate of SO42−.