Negative Patterns Research Articles

Length-weight relationship, condition factor, and reproductive aspects of Lutke's halfbeak Hemiramphus lutkei (Valenciennes, 1847) from Seram Sea, Maluku, Indonesia

Abstract. Talakua M, Suadi, Djumanto, Setyobudi E. 2023. Length-weight relationship, condition factor, and reproductive aspects of Lutke's halfbeak Hemiramphus lutkei (Valenciennes, 1847) from Seram Sea, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6574-6583. Lutke's halfbeak is one of the Seram Sea's most commercially important fish species, providing food resources and community livelihood for an extended duration. Data and information on fish biology are important for responsible fisheries management. This research aimed to determine Luke's halfbeak's length-weight relationship, condition factor, and reproductive aspects at Seram Sea, Maluku. Fish samples were collected monthly for seven months, from August 2021 to February 2022. Each sample was measured for its length and weight and then dissected for sex and gonad maturity stage determination. The data was analyzed to determine the length-weight relationship, the condition factor, the distribution of gonadal maturity stage, and fecundity. Hemiramphus lutkei (Valenciennes, 1847), originating from the Seram Sea, indicates a negative allometric growth pattern. The average relative condition factor (Kn) of H. lutkei in the Maluku Seram Sea was around 1 and did not show a significant difference between males and females. The condition factor varied during the observation period, ranging from 0.92 to 1.09. The fish are mostly (80%) in good or very good condition. H. lutkei has a high potential fecundity; spawning was predicted throughout the year, with individual fecundity ranging from 263 to 1893 eggs. Luke's halfbeak populations in the Seram Sea could be exploited sustainably; however, this should be conducted with proper management.

Impact of Tool Eccentricity on Acoustic Logging Response in Horizontal Wells: Insights from Physical Simulation Experiments

Horizontal wells are extensively utilized in the development of unconventional reservoirs. However, the logging responses and formation evaluation in horizontal wells can be impacted by factors like anisotropy and tool eccentricity. To investigate the influence of tool eccentricity on acoustic logging response, physical simulation experiments of array acoustic logging were conducted in a scaled borehole formation model under different tool eccentricity conditions. The experimental data were analyzed, and the findings revealed that when the receiver array is parallel to the borehole axis, the P-wave slowness and S-wave slowness remain unaffected by tool eccentricity. However, the amplitudes of the P-wave and S-wave decrease significantly with increasing tool eccentricity, following an approximate negative exponential pattern. Additionally, when the transmitter is centered and the receiver array intersects the borehole axis at an angle, the wave velocities increase significantly with tool eccentricity, with the P-wave velocity showing a faster increase. Conversely, when the transmitter is eccentric and the receiver array intersects the borehole axis at an angle, the wave velocity decreases notably with tool eccentricity, and the P-wave velocity decreases even faster. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of tool eccentricity on array acoustic logging response in horizontal wells and offer guidance for developing correction schemes to address this effect.

Cold Air Outbreaks in Winter over the Continental United States and Its Possible Linkage with Arctic Sea Ice Loss

The mechanism for the paradox of global warming and successive cold winters in mid-latitudes remains controversial. In this study, the connection between Arctic sea ice (ASI) loss and frequent cold air outbreaks in eastern Continental United States (CONUS) is explored. Two distinct periods of high and low ASI (hereafter high- and low-ice phases) are identified for comparative study. It is demonstrated that cold air outbreaks occur more frequently during the low-ice phase compared to that during the high-ice phase. The polar vortex is weakened and shifted southward during the low-ice phase. Correspondingly, the spatial pattern of 500 hPa geopotential height (GPH), which represents the mid-tropospheric circulation, shows a clear negative Arctic Oscillation-like pattern in the low-ice phase. Specifically, positive GPH anomalies in the Arctic region with two centers, respectively located over Greenland and the Barents Sea, significantly weaken the low-pressure system centered around the Baffin Island, and enhance Ural blocking in the low-ice phase. Meanwhile, the high ridge extending from Alaska to the west coast of North America further intensifies, while the low trough over eastern CONUS deepens. As a result, the atmospheric circulation in North America becomes more conductive to frigid Arctic air outbreaks. It is concluded that the ASI loss contributes to more cold air outbreaks in winter in eastern CONUS through the polar vortex weakening with southward displacement of the polar vortex edge, which lead to the weakening of the meridional potential vorticity gradient between the Arctic and mid-latitude and thus are conducive to the strengthening and long-term maintenance of the blocking high.

Investigating Trajectories of Negative Emotionality in Early Childhood and First-Grade Outcomes

This study investigated Korean children’s negative emotionality trajectories from infancy to age 4 and their learning (i.e., executive functioning), behavioral, and self-esteem outcomes in first grade. Using nationally representative data from the Panel Study on Korean Children, negative emotionality trajectories were explored to determine whether patterns emerged over time (N = 2,149, boys = 50.7%) and whether different negative emotionality patterns were associated with specific first-grade outcomes (i.e., teacher-reported executive function difficulties, parent-reported behavioral problems, and child-reported self-esteem). According to latent class growth analysis, Korean children developed one of three negative emotionality patterns from infancy to age 4: Low stable (28.0%), moderate (57.9%), and intense and increasing (14.1%). First-grade outcomes, including executive functioning and behavior problems, were associated with negative emotionality trajectories. No association was found between the negative emotionality trajectories and child-reported self-esteem. First graders who developed and maintained intense negative emotionality until age 4 were regarded as the most vulnerable group in executive functioning difficulties and risk of behavioral problems. Impact Statement Negative emotionality in early childhood is an important predictor of future difficulties, and more research is needed in terms of patterns of emotionality, stability over time, and associated outcomes for different patterns. In this study, children developed one of three negative emotionality patterns from infancy to age 4: Low stable (28.0%), moderate (57/9%), and intense and increasing (14.1%). First graders who developed intense negative emotionality until age 4 were the most vulnerable group for executive function difficulties and risk of behavioral problems.

A strange negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in 2022

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a prominent pattern of climatic mode in the Indian Ocean that contributes to the changes in Rainfall pattern, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), and Surface Salinity (SSS) in the Indian Ocean. Recently in the scenario of Climate Change, this IOD may experience shifting in the phases development that link to the Indo-Pacific teleconnection. Here, we analyse the changes of negative IOD patterns in 2022 through the SST, SSS, rainfall pattern, and surface current system. This study showed the negative IOD was initiated earlier and coincided with the Asian monsoon during May 2022. The IOD is faster ended in October 2022 when the Australian Monsoon was generated. The Rainfall pattern at the Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) and the Indonesian Archipelago experienced an intensive pattern from May up to December 2022. During the negative IOD phases, the precipitation at the EIO is more concentrated in Java and less precipitation in Sumatra. The warmer SST and fresh surface salinity in the Indonesian Archipelago are wider following the Pacific SST. This reveals the Indo-Pacific teleconnection is stronger during 2022 via the surface ocean patterns and the coincidence of stronger westerly wind and easterly wind in the maritime continent.

Elemental composition of carnivorous fish Wallago attu (Siluridae, Siluriformes) from River Chenab, Pakistan.

Over the decades, riverine ecosystems is suffering from intense human intervention resulting in degradation and habitat loss as a consequence, many fish species become endangered, particularly in rivers where heavy demand is placed on freshwater. Wallago attu is fast growing catfish belongs to the family siluridae has good market demand having high protein content and nutritional value in it's flesh. The data was obtained for metal concentration in wet and dry body weight in wild Wallago attu. All metal was found under permissible limit as recommended by different international organizations. Calcium was found highest, while cadmium in lowest concentration. Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, K, Na, Ca and Mg showed highly significant (P<0.001) positive correlation with wet body weight except Co and Cd showed non-significant (P>0.05) correlation. Metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, K, Ca, Mg and Co shown negative allometric pattern with increasing body weight concentration of Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb, Mn, Na, Ca and K showed positive relationship (P<0.001) with total length (cm), except for Co and Cd, which indicated non significant correlation (P>0.05). Present Study will helpful to assess toxicity due to presence of heavy metals for researchers and different organizations from River Chenab, Punjab, Pakistan.

The management of patients with predominant negative symptoms in Slovakia: A 1-year longitudinal, prospective, multicentric cohort study.

Predominant negative symptoms (PNSs) in schizophrenia can affect the patients' psychosocial functioning immensely and are less responsive to treatment than positive symptoms. The aim of the study was to observe negative symptoms and psychosocial functioning in PNS schizophrenia patients and to understand whether PNS can be improved and with what treatment strategies. This was a 1-year, prospective, multicentric cohort study conducted in Slovakia. Adult outpatients with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to ICD-10 and PNS evaluated using the criteria by the European Psychiatric Association's (EPA) guidance were included. Change in negative symptoms, functionality, and treatment patterns were observed. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated using the modified Short Assessment of Negative Domain (m-SAND), the Self-evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS) scale, the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale, and the Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S) and the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement (CGI-I) scales. Least-squares (LS) means were calculated for the change from baseline to final visit for the outcomes. The study included 188 patients. Functionality improved as, by the end of the study, fewer patients were unemployed (53%) and more worked occasionally (21%). PNS improved significantly according to both physicians and patients (LS mean change from baseline in m-SAND total score: -10.0 (p-value <0.0001)). Most patients received polytherapy throughout the study. Cariprazine was utilized most (20% monotherapy and 76% polytherapy). Only a few patients discontinued treatment due to adverse drug reactions. With the right treatment strategy, it is possible to achieve improvement in PNS and everyday functioning in schizophrenia outpatients.

Quantitative Assessment of Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822) Fish Population in Kaptai Lake: A Length‐Based Approach

ABSTRACTThe Ailia coila, a small indigenous freshwater fish species in Kaptai Lake, plays a crucial role in providing employment, food, and financial security for the local people. With a high market demand, the average production of this species over the last 5 years reached about 112.27 metric tons. However, there has been a notable decline in Ailia coila fish production in Kaptai Lake in recent years. Therefore, to understand the current stock status of this species, this study employed a length‐based stock assessment method the “length‐based spawning potential ratio (LB‐SPR)”. Between August 2022 and March 2023, a total of 1219 individuals were collected through fortnightly sampling from two fish landing centers (BFDC fishery ghat and Kaptai boat ghat) and two local markets (Banarupa Bazar and Reserve Bazar). The maximum length of Ailia coila was recorded at 15.7 cm in total length, with an average length of 11.1 (±4) cm. The length‐weight relationship was estimated as W = 0.01084 L2.599 (R2 = 0.75). The value of shape parameter ‘b’ is smaller than three which indicate a negative allometric growth pattern. The estimated asymptotic length (L∞) and length at first maturity (L50%) were found to be 16.84 and 10.54 cm, respectively. The LB‐SPR revealed that the fishery is currently experiencing overfishing, with the spawning biomass (SPR = 32%) below the target reference point. The mean estimate of fishing mortality relative to natural mortality (F/M) was 3.07, more than three times the threshold F/M = 1, indicating extreme fishing mortality in this fishery. The estimated length at first capture (SL50%) was significantly higher than the length at first maturity (L50%), suggesting that the fishing is predominantly targeting mature fishes. To enhance the spawning biomass and ensure the sustainability of the fishery, it is imperative to reduce the current fishing pressure and implement appropriate management measures.

PromSEMBLE: Hard Pattern Mining and Ensemble Learning for Detecting DNA Promoter Sequences.

Accurate identification of DNA promoter sequences is of crucial importance in unraveling the underlying mechanisms that regulate gene transcription. Initiation of transcription is controlled through regulatory transcription factors binding to promoter core regions in the DNA sequence. Detection of promoter regions is necessary if we are to build genetic regulatory networks for biomedical and clinical applications, and for identification of rarely expressed genes. We propose a novel ensemble learning technique using deep recurrent neural networks with convolutional feature extraction and hard negative pattern mining to detect several types of promoter sequences, including promoter sequences with the TATA-box and without the TATA-box, within DNA sequences of four different species. Using extensive independent tests and previously published results, we demonstrate that our method sets a new state-of-the-art of over 98% Matthews correlation coefficient in all eight organism categories for recognizing the stretch of base pairs that code for the promoter region within DNA sequences.

THE CONCEPT OF SATTVAVAJAYA CHIKITSA – AYURVEDA PSYCHOTHERAPY

Acharya Charaka introduced Sattvavajaya Chikitsa, a psycho-spiritual method for managing mental disorders. This Ayurvedic therapy focuses on enhancing sattva (mental clarity and balance) while controlling the influences of rajas (activity) and tamas (inertia), which cause mental disturbances when imbalanced. Sattvavajaya involves fostering positive thoughts, eliminating negative patterns, and promoting emotional regulation through meditation, mindfulness, and spiritual practices. By strengthening sattva, this approach restores mental harmony and addresses the root causes of psychological distress, offering a holistic solution for mental well-being. In contemporary times, Sattvavajaya Chikitsa is recognized as an effective approach to mental health management, as it addresses the root cause of psychological disturbances by promoting mental resilience, positivity, and emotional balance. It integrates the spiritual dimension of mental well-being, making it a holistic solution for the challenges posed by modern-day mental health issues.

Length-Weight Relationship of Fishes in Some Rivers of Morang, Nepal

The length-weight relationship is a crucial aspect of fishery assessments, providing valuable biological information. The length-weight relationship is expressed by the equation W = aLb, where W represents the total weight of the fish and L denotes the standard length. The LWR equation was transformed into a linear form using logarithmic transformation: LogW = a + bLogL. The biometric data obtained from this study includes information on species, sample numbers (N), standard length range, total weight range, and the length-weight relationship constants (a and b) for each species. In this study, we estimated the length-weight relationship of 16 freshwater fish species from some rivers of Morang district, Eastern Nepal. A total of 1,600 fish specimens, representing 16 different species from 5 families were studied from September 2022 to February 2023. The fishes were captured from the river and preserved in 20% formalin for subsequent biometric measurements in the laboratory. Biometric measurements were taken as follows: for each fish, length measurements were listed as standard length or fork length (SL in cm) from mouth to where the caudal fin is lobate. Length measurements were taken with a regular ruler validated against a Vernier Calliper, with an accuracy of 0.1 cm. Weight measurements were obtained using an electronic digital balance with a precision of 0.01 g. While listing weight, a fish consistency was maintained concerning the degree of wetness of the body to ensure accuracy. Among the species listed in the Morang district, Puntius terio has the smallest range of standard length (2.7 cm - 7.4 cm) and total weight (1.07 g - 7.06 g) while Garra gotyla gotyla has the largest range of standard length (4.3 cm - 18.6 cm) and total weight (4.5 g - 15.6 g). These variations indicate the natural size differences among the species. The analysis of the length-weight relationships revealed that all the studied fish species exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern. This means that as the length of the fish increases, its weight increases at a slower rate. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the growth patterns of freshwater fish species in the study area.

Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of Kawakawa Euthynnus affinis and Longtail Tuna Thunnus tonggol from Sarawak, Malaysia

Length-weight relationships (LWR) and condition factors (K) were determined for two neritic tuna species Euthynnus affinis and Thunnus tonggol, caught in Sarawak waters. Specimens were collected from five locations around Sarawak between 2016-2019. The r2 value of the LWR for each species re both close to 1 (&gt;0.9), indicating a highly significant relationship attributed to the length and weight of the fish species . The K values are 1.94 and 1.97, and the values of b in the LW equation are 2.53 and 2.59 for E. affinis and T. tonggol, respectively. The b&lt;3 values indicates negative allometric growth patterns, where the growth rate of body length is faster than the weight gain. These values fall within the published range of 2.50 to 3.50 for neritic tuna species in the region. The results of this study provide the basic life history parameters and the general condition of the two species, E. affinis and T. tonggol, useful for our tuna fish stock assessment efforts in Sarawak waters.

Floristic and phytosociological study of an urban fragment of secondary Amazonian forest in Capitão Poço – PA

Secondary forests constitute important regenerating areas and they are expanding rapidly in the Amazonian landscape. The characterization of forest remnants provides essential information for conservation, management and recovery actions. The objective of the present study was to conduct a floristic and phytosociological evaluation of an urban fragment of secondary Amazonian forest (8.12 ha) in Capitão Poço, Pará. Trees with DBH ≥ 3.2 cm were inventoried in five 15 m x 30 m plots. The floristic diversity, importance value, and diametric distribution were investigated. In the survey, 236 individuals from 23 species were recorded. The floristic diversity index was 2.58. The most important species were Cecropia obtusa Trécul and Lacistema pubescens Mart. The curve of distribution of individuals in diametric classes followed a negative exponential pattern (inverted J-shape), with most individuals in the smallest diametric classes. These results imply that the forest presents species typical of initial stages of succession. Thus, conservation actions are needed to increase the local diversity. In addition, the studied forest is essential for academic and environmental education activities. We recommend further floristic studies in the area in order to assess the dynamics of the species in the forest community.

Biological parameters and spawning potential ratio of Longtail Tuna Thunnus tonggol landed in Kranji fishing port, Lamongan District, Indonesia

Abstract. Harlyan LI, Rahman MA, Rihmi MK, Abdillah SFA. 2023. Biological parameters and spawning potential ratio of Longtail Tuna Thunnus tonggol landed in Kranji fishing port, Lamongan District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6527-6535. Longtail Tuna (Thunnus tonggol), one of the small-pelagic tropical fisheries in the Fisheries Management Area (FMA-712), is important in supporting global food security. Therefore, to ensure its sustainability, this fishery is applying for fishery certification to be an ecolabel fishery by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). However, limited information about Longtail Tuna's biological parameters and stock status in this management area will lead to failure in certification completion. This study aims to provide biological parameters and stock status of Longtail Tuna landed in the Kranji fishing port, Lamongan, Indonesia. Length, weight, and gonad weight of female Longtail Tuna individuals which landed in the Kranji fishing port were conducted from January to April 2023. Several analyses were carried out to figure out the biological parameters of Longtail Tuna, such as length-weight relationship, length at first maturity ( ) and length at first capture ( ) estimation. Length-Based Spawning Potential Ratio (LB-SPR) analysis was conducted to estimate fish exploitation. Results showed that the Longtail Tuna landing in the Kranji fishing port exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern with the length-weight relationship model W = 0.0433 FL2.7608. A comparison between (43.9+0.11cm) and (43.6+0.04cm) indicated that most female Longtail Tuna landed in the Kranji fishing port are mature (60% of the total samples). The LB-SPR analysis showed moderate exploitation status (SPR = 34%). Fishing activities are still manageable in this situation by focusing on stock sustainability. An overlapping fishing ground occurs in the Kranji water, showing the domination of two species landed in the Kranji fishing port, Longtail Tuna and Eastern Little Tuna (Euthynnus affinis). Therefore, Longtail Tuna fishery management might also consider fishery management of Eastern Little Tuna or other species with overlapped habitats.

PROCESSING INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND CHARACTERISTICS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA

In the conditions of complex geopolitical situations, economic declines are manifested in individual countries, the level of uncertainty increases, and the degree of dependence of national economies on changes in the prices of mineral resources increases. In recent years, the negative trends in the industry, especially in the processing industry, have become more prominent in the RA in the absence of a clear industrial policy and unreasonable definition of priorities. In the article, an analysis of the state of the RA processing industry was made, based on economic growth, employment and export indicators. The research was carried out for the last decade, for some indicators, on a five-year basis. As a result of the study of the RA industry sector, certain positive and negative tendencies and patterns have emerged. It refers to the change in production volume and export dynamics. The positive effect of the improvement of indicators after 2020 on the RA economy is noticeable, but the rate of growth of the same indicators over the decade is very moderate. Therefore, it can be noted that there have been no positive developments in the RA economy, and the share of industry in the GDP structure continues to be inferior to the trade and service sector. At the same time, the indicator of economic complexity was low based on the trends in the export of industrial goods.

DEPRESSIVE COGNITIONS AND SYMPTOMS IN CAREGIVING GRANDMOTHERS: TESTING GROWTH CURVE MODEL STABILITY

Abstract Grandmothers caring for grandchildren have elevated depressive symptoms levels compared to grandmothers who do not provide care. Depressive symptoms are state-like in nature and describe recent depressive symptoms. The Depressive Cognition Scale© captures changes in negative thinking patterns that often precede depressive symptoms. Depressive cognitions, according to Beck’s theory of depression, are the first depressive symptoms to appear and typically lead to more serious symptoms of depression. Previously diagnosed depression may also contribute to current levels of depressive cognitions and depressive symptoms. Data were collected on 342 participants in a longitudinal nationwide online research study of caregiving grandmothers. A latent growth curve model of how previously diagnosed depression and depressive cognitions impacted the trajectory of depressive symptoms at four time points (baseline, 2 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks) was tested. The model fit the data well (Chi Square=24.301.; df=12; p=.019; TLI=.977; CFI=.987; RMSEA=.055). This model was submitted to 6 separate multigroup nested model tests (levels of income, education, age, employment, number of children, and primary vs. multigeneration families) to provide evidence supporting generalizability of the model. All models fit the data well (TLI=.960-.991; CFI=.973-.992; RMSEA=.051-.025). Total invariance/stability, based on nonsignificant changes in chi square and CFI&amp;lt;.01, was supported in the multigroup analyses across all levels testing equality in measurement and regression weights and residual variances. This lack of change in the model across 6 different grandmother scenarios provides further evidence supporting the need for interventions to address diagnosed depression and depressive cognitions for reducing depressive symptoms in grandmother caregivers.

Positive Pressure and Negative Pressure Irrigation Dynamics with Different Needle Designs Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

This study aimed to investigate the irrigation dynamics of the positive pressure side-vented (SV) needle, EndoVac (micropores) needle and modified apical negative pressure (mANP) open-ended needle using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A simulation of a prepared root canal (conical frustum) of 15 mm length with an apical diameter of 0.40 mm following Protaper F4 apical preparation was created using three-dimensional (3D) CAD software. The 3D simulated needle of SV 30G needle, EndoVac with micropores needle and mANP, 30G flat open-ended needle were also created. The irrigation dynamics were evaluated through transient CFD simulations. In addition, the irrigation dynamics of mANP at 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1.0 mm short from the working length were also assessed. The EndoVac and mANP showed negative apical static pressure and streamline patterns able to reach the apical region, thus indicating negligible extrusion. Meanwhile, SV showed positive apical static pressure and almost nonexistent streamlines beyond the needle tip. The SV showed the highest wall shear stress (WSS) magnitude of 1030Pa whereas Endovac (161 Pa) and mANP1 (258 Pa). However, SV revealed lower average WSS (10 Pa) compared to mANP1 (13 Pa) and mANP2 (11 Pa). This is due to SV developed a localised maximum WSS opposite the open vent area only therefore, uneven distribution of WSS. The EndoVac system developed a localised maximum WSS in the pair of micropores furthest away from the apical. CFD analysis of the EndoVac, mANP and SV showed different technique approach, needle design and needle depths insertion affect the irrigation dynamics pattern and magnitude.

METACOGNITIVE CORRELATES OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS IN BORDER REGIONS IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article explores the relationship of metacognition characteristics with the components of subjective well-being of university teachers in border regions in modern conditions. In the introduction, the main theoretical concepts of metacognition and factors of subjective well-being are considered, the purpose of the study and the hy-pothesis are formulated. The sample of the study was 705 people (72% women) — teachers of higher educational institutions of the border regions (Donetsk and Lugansk regions). To study the characteristics of metacognition and well-being, the following methods were used: Shamionov R.M., Beskova T.V. Methods of diagnostics of subjective well-being of the person, the questionnaire “MCQ-30” by A.Wells, the method “Diff erential type of refl ection”, the questionnaire of self-assessment of metacognitive behavior by E.G. Denisova. According to the results of the cor-relation analysis, the presence of the relationship of the components of subjective well-being with the characteris-tics of metacognition was revealed. It is shown that the level of subjective well-being of residents of border regions in modern conditions is signifi cantly higher with a high level of development of metacognitive skills, systemic refl ection, supporting metacognitive schemes. Indicators that reduce the level of subjective well-being have been identifi ed. In particular, it was found that negative metacognitive patterns are most closely associated with a low level of subjective well-being. In conclusion, the conclusion is made about the signifi cant role of metacognitions in the formation and maintenance of the subjective well-being of residents of border regions in modern conditions.

Variation in verbal negation in Jordanian Arabic: A corpus-based analysis

Jordanian Arabic (JA) has two main patterns for verbal negation, i.e., preverbal negation (ma: ….) and discontinuous negation (ma: …. -ʃ). This article provides a variationist account of the distribution of these two patterns in light of a number of social and linguistic factors. The social factors include age, gender, educational attainment and region. The linguistic factors, on the other hand, include the transitivity of the verb, the tense of the associate utterance, the stativity and the lexical type of the verb (i.e., cognitive, desiderative, speech and perception), as well as the person, animacy and definiteness of the associate subject. Following distributional and multivariate analyses of 40 sociolinguistic interviews (more than 30 hours of audio-recordings), we find that all social factors (education, gender, region and age), the lexical type of the verb, the definiteness of the subject and the tense of the associate utterance have a significant impact on the selection of the negation patterns in JA. Such preferences are argued to follow from independent factors, including the speaker's regional background, gender identity and prestige.

Psychometric properties of the Fatigue Catastrophizing Scale in a general population and its clinical utility in schizophrenia and breast cancer patients

ABSTRACTObjectiveFatigue catastrophizing is the tendency to engage in negative thinking and evaluative patterns toward experienced fatigue. A number of studies consistently support the significant role of fatigue catastrophizing in perpetuating symptoms of fatigue but no tool has yet been validated. This study aimed to: (1) investigate the psychometric properties of the fatigue catastrophizing scale (FCS) in a sample of non-clinical adults; (2) explore the contribution of catastrophizing to overall fatigue severity in non-clinical participants and in two clinical populations with high fatigue prevalence rates (schizophrenia and breast cancer).MethodsData were collected from 389 French-speaking adults, including 301 non-clinical participants, 30 individuals with schizophrenia, and 58 individuals with a diagnosis of breast cancer. All participants completed the FCS and other questionnaires to assess convergent and divergent validities. Psychometric properties of the FCS were investigated including its factor structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and convergent validities. Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to investigate whether catastrophizing contributed to fatigue severity in the different groups.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes revealed a two-factor structure, helplessness/magnification and rumination. Moreover, analyzes demonstrated high internal consistency, good convergent and divergent validities, and excellent temporal stability. Overall, fatigue catastrophizing significantly contributed to the variance of fatigue severity in patients with breast cancer and in patients with schizophrenia.ConclusionThe French version of the fatigue catastrophizing scale has good psychometric properties. Fatigue catastrophizing may be clinically important in individuals with a fatigue complaint. Psychological interventions targeting fatigue catastrophizing are warranted in the two clinical populations.