Needle Oil Research Articles

Variation in Avoidance of Siberian Pine Needle Oil by Rodent and Avian Species

Siberian pine needle oil, a mixture of potentially repellent compounds, deters feeding in herbivores. To determine its effectiveness as a general vertebrate repellent, we compared the feeding responses of 2 rodent and an avian species to olfactory and oral cues of Siberian pine needle oil. In 2-choice tests, subjects had access to 2 apple pieces, 1 coated with the vehicle solution (vegetable oil) and the other with the repellent solution (Siberian pine needle oil). Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) ingested 1.9 ? 0.1 g of oil-coated apple compared to 0.7 ? 0.1 g of apple adulterated with 10% pine needle oil (P < 0.05). Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) ingested 2.4 ? 0.3 g of oil-coated apple compared to 1.5 ? 0.2 g of apple treated with 10% pine needle oil (P < 0.05). In contrast, European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were insensitive to pine needle oil's aversive effect. Prairie voles increased their avoidance of pine needle oil-adulterated apple in 2-choice tests following repeated exposure to the stimuli. However, in 1-choice tests neither oral contact with pine needle oil nor exposure to its volatile cues decreased apple ingestion by prairie voles. Siberian pine needle oil has promise as a rodent control agent when employed in settings where use of a nonlethal product is desirable and alternative food sources are readily available. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 61(1):235-241

Analysis of terpenoic composition of conifer needle oils by steam distillation/extraction, gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The essential oils of Estonian spruce and pine needles have been analysed by a combination of steam distillation/extraction, GC and GC-MS. According to their monoterpene composition Estonian pines belong to a high carene chemotype with monoterpenes representing up to 85% of total oil. Estonian spruce needle oil contains up to 70% of oxygenated terpenes and more limonene and 1,8-cineole than the same spruce species [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from other localities.

Analysis of Essential Oils from Leaves and Branches of Different Italian Provenances ofPinus nigraArn.

ABSTRACT The chemical composition of the essential oil from branches and leaves of different provenances of Pinus nigra Arn. was determined by GC/MS. The composition of essential oils has been found to vary depending upon the plant part from which it was obtained and the geographical origin. The results of this study showed that oils from Pinus nigra Arn. can be valuable for industrial purposes. The branch oil contained α-pinene (58.8%) as the major constituent, whereas the needle oil contained α-pinene (21.4%) and 1-epibicyclosesquiphellandrene (30.4%).

Pine needle oil causes avoidance behaviors in pocket gopherGeomys bursarius

Essential oils from coniferous trees contain secondary metabolites that act as feeding deterrents for a number of herbivorous mammals. We investigated effects of pine needle oil on feeding and other behaviors of herbivorous plains pocket gophers. In experiment l, pocket gophers were offered sweet potato from single feeding stations placed in home cages of individually housed animals. Stations contained either a scent dispenser with pine needle oil or mineral oil. Subjects removed significantly less food from stations scented with pine needle oil. Experiment 2 was performed to investigate neophobic responses to odors.d-Pulegone, presented under conditions identical to those used in experiment l, did not reduce food removal compared to mineral oil. In experiment 3 pocket gophers were observed in a maze consisting of a start box connected to two goal boxes by tunnels. One goal was scented with pine needle oil, the second with mineral oil. Subjects entered goals scented with pine needle oil significantly less frequently than goals scented with mineral oil and spent less time there. They performed all recorded behaviors at lower frequencies while located in pine-scented goals. In experiment 4 animals were introduced into a maze consisting of a start box from which two soil-packed tunnels could be entered. Embedded in the soil of one tunnel was a barrier of electrical cable that had been soaked in pine needle oil, the second tunnel contained a barrier of cable soaked in mineral oil. Pocket gophers gnawed significantly less insulation from cable treated with pine needle oil than from cable treated with mineral oil. Our results show that constituents in pine needle oil are aversive to plains pocket gophers. Under natural conditions they may function as feeding deterrents. Some of the compounds may be suitable repellents for control of pocket gopher damage.

Essential Oil ofPinus heldreichii, Needles

ABSTRACT Needle oils of Pinus heldreichii Christ, produced from five different growth stages at two different locations in Serbia were examined for yield and composition during 1994. Although only ten components were identified in the oil, the main constituents were limonene (20.26–25.15%), germacrene D (42.6445.42%) and β-caryophyllene (10.58–13.32%). The richness of the oil in germacrene D has chemotaxonomic difference implications.

Terpene changes due to maturation and canopy level in Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii) flush needle oil

Monoterpene accumulation during maturation of the current year's growth of Douglas-fir, Rocky Mountain variety, is characterized by a two-phase response. Beginning at or near budbreak, α-pinene and a tricyclene-(1)-camphene-bornyl acetate biogenetic group accumulate 3–10-fold. This is followed by another lesser increase later in the season of the minor components (E-) ocimene, citronellal, and borneol. In contrast, levels of β-pinene, myrcene, and terpinolene, and the sesquiterpenes γ-cadinene, α-bisabolene, and an oxygenated sesquiterpene, did not vary significantly during needle maturation. These increases occur first in the lower canopy and proceed upward toward the mid- and upper-canopy levels shortly thereafter. Implications of these observations with respect to metabolism, host-insect interactions, and silviculture management are discussed.

Gas chromatographic analysis and biogenetic relationships of monoterpene enantiomers in Scots Pine and juniper needle oils

AbstractThe enantiomeric composition of monoterpene hydrocarbons of the needle oils of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and juniper (Juniperus communis L.) grown in Finland was investigated by gas chromatography using chiral columns. In both species, the proportions of (+)‐enantiomers represented more than 50%, on the average. The (−)/(+)‐ratio of a‐pinene (0.4) was the same in low and high 3‐carene chemotypes of Scots pine. 3‐Carene occurred entirely as (+)‐enantiomer. Multivariate analysis separated the (+)‐ and (−)‐enantiomeric series of the major monoterpenes into distinct groups. In the (−)‐series, the most close linkages were found between (−)‐a‐pinene, tricyclene and (−)‐camphene, and in the (+)‐series between (+)‐α‐pinene and (+)‐P‐pinene. Groupings of the monoterpene enantiomers by multivariate analysis reflected well the known biogenetic linkages.

The interaction of knitting oils and cotton impurities: effects on reactive dye yield

The problems facing the modern dyehouse due to the presence of impurities on cotton fibres from a variety of sources are discussed. A list of impurities normally assignable to natural cotton is included to emphasise the complexity of the chemistry influencing the pretreatment stage. The importance of effective systems management during pretreatment is highlighted. A laboratory study has been undertaken to investigate the action of three different types of needle oil on reactive dye yield when dyeing cotton. Oleophilic dyes increased in dye yield when the oil was not adequately removed in preparation, as expected. This investigation explains some of the less common but previously puzzling occurrences of dye‐resist effects, demonstrating that this may be associated in some way with knitting oils.

Phase Behavior in the System Pine Needle Oil Monoglycerides-Poloxamer 407-Water at 20.degree.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase Behavior in the System Pine Needle Oil Monoglycerides-Poloxamer 407-Water at 20.degree.Tomas LandhCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 34, 8453–8467Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/j100085a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views719Altmetric-Citations195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alerts

Investigation of the composition ofPinus peuce needle oil by GC-MS and GC-GC-MS

Needles of the Macedonian Pine,Pinus peuce Griseb., a conifer growing in the Balkan mountains, were extracted by a Likens-Nickerson simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction device. The components of this essential oil were identified by the retention times obtained on two columns differing in polarity and by GC-MS. Because of the complex nature of such plant extracts, a multidimensional GC method for enantiomer analysis, using a non-chiral pre-column and a chiral main column has been developed. The enantiomeric ratios of five monoterpene hydrocarbons were estimated by GC-GC and GC-GC-MS.

Needle oil terpenes of Serbian spruce from three localities

The volatile oils from needles of Serbian spruce from two localities in Serbia outside of the native range and one locality from Germany (Hamburg) were determined to have the same terpene pattern, with bornyl acetate as the major component.

Investigations on the antibacterial effect of conifer needle oils on bacteria isolated from the feces of captive Capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus L., 1758).

In winter, free-living Capercaillies feed almost exclusively upon needles of various conifer species. An important part of the energy and protein requirements of captive Capercaillies, however, is supplied by food rich in starch and proteins. The fecal flora of captive Capercaillies is considerably different from the flora of free-living Capercaillies. Bacterial diseases are frequent in captivity. The aim of the present study is to determine whether the essential oils from conifer needles possess antibacterial properties against several bacteria, some of which are facultatively pathogenic for Capercaillies. Needles of Pinus sylvestris contain few tannins, which could be a reason for the Capercaillies' preference for these needles. The needles of Abies alba contain high amounts of tannins and essential oils, which could explain the refusal of Capercaillies to eat these needles. The antibacterial effect of commercially available essential oils on the bacteria is investigated with a filter paper disc method and in a liquid medium. The essential oils possess a bacteriostatic or a bactericidal effect against some of the tested bacteria. Feeding on natural forage plants may help prevent the colonization of the intestines by facultatively pathogenic bacteria. The authors discuss why Capercaillies, especially young birds that are to be released, should be fed with natural forage plants.

Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of young pine shoots ( Picea abies L.)

The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of young pine shoots was investigated and compared with that of a commercial pine needle oil and chloramphenicol. The correlation between the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils and their compositions, analysed by gas chromatography, is discussed.

Evaluation of gutta-percha solvents

Five solvents (rectified white turpentine, oil of melaleuca, eucalyptol, white pine oil, and pine needle oil) were compared with chloroform for their ability to dissolve gutta-percha. All solvents dissolved at least 50% of the gutta-percha in 15 min at 37 degrees C with chloroform and rectified white turpentine dissolving the gutta-percha completely.

Heterogeneous nucleation of ice at the liquid-liquid interface

Aerosol particles containing liquid terpenes do not act as cloud condensation nuclei; they do not initiate formation of cloud droplets in clouds. They do, however, act as ice-forming nuclei initiating formation of ice particles. Presence of sulfate ions in cloud droplets appears to make them susceptible to freezing at higher temperatures when in contact with some of the terpenes. Heterogeneous nucleation of ice at a liquid-liquid interface was found to take place at higher temperatures in aqueous ammonium sulfate solutions than in pure water. The averaged temperatures of the phase transition were −3.6, −4.7, −4.4 and −4.8°C for pine needle oil, α-pinene oxide, eucalyptol and linalool, respectively; the corresponding temperature increases were 4.7, 7.8, 3.6 and 6.7°C. Separation of terpene molecules by dilution in carbon tetrachloride produced a marked decrease in ice nucleation temperatures. It was suggested that the arrangements of dipoles at the interface have decisive influences on the phase transition. Temperature of ice nucleation in the presence of solutions of hexadecanol in carbon tetrachloride generally decreases with a decrease of its concentration; the highest temperature of −5.0°C was found at 10 −3 M of hexadecanol and 10 −1 M of ammonium sulfate.

Influence of Sample Preparation on the Composition of the Essential Oil of the Needles and Twigs ofPicea Mariana(Mill.) B.S.P.

Abstract The needles and twigs of black spruce—Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.—were analyzed for the composition of their essential oil after having been submitted to hydrodistillation. The composition of the essential oil is significantly influenced by the preparation of the samples: whether prepared as two-cm pieces or macerated in a blender. Depending upon the preparation of the samples, the major components are, respectively: α-pinene (7.4 and 13.5%), camphene (14 and 21.2%) and bornyl acetate (41.8 and 29.6%). Sixteen constituents are reported for the first time.

Volatile constituents of Pinus needle oils

Volatile constituents of <i>Pinus</i> needle oils

GC-MS-SPECMA bank analysis of JUniperus communis needles and berries

Using a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (electron impact) as well as the headspace technique, more than 70 compounds were found in the juniper needle oil obtained from plants growing in southeastern France (Provence). A comparison between the headspace of fresh and bottled black berries shows a significant loss of the monoterpenoid fraction with time. In the green berries (unripe) this loss is more marked. A sesquiterpenoid fraction of the Juniperus communis needle oil was also investigated by means of the GC (FID) and GC-MS (EI, PCI). Among more than 100 isolated constituents, 64 were sesquiterpenoids. The presence of several oxygen-containing derivatives based on the calamene and calacorene isomers was established but their structures were not fully determined. The various compounds were identified on the basis of our SPECMA data bank (mass spectra and Kováts indices) and our own files.

The effect of aromatics on inspiratory and expiratory nasal resistance to airflow

Unilateral inspiratory and expiratory nasal resistance to airflow were measured in 35 subjects using active anterior rhinomanometry. No significant difference was found between inspiratory and expiratory resistance. Inhalation of a mixture of aromatics, camphor, menthol, oil of pine needles and methyl salicylate had no effect on inspiratory or expiratory nasal resistance. Factors influencing inspiratory and expiratory resistance and the actions of aromatics are discussed.

Monoterpene composition of needle oil of Pinus oocarpa and Pinus caribaea.

Monoterpene composition of needle oil of Pinus oocarpa and Pinus caribaea.