Necessity Of Improvement Research Articles

The Present and Future of the Use Phase of Social Housing in Tucumán, Argentina: An LCA Perspective

This research focuses on assessing the environmental impact of heating and cooling systems in public housing projects, built between 2000 and 2020, in Tucuman, Argentina. It considers current and projected climate change scenarios. The study compares existing conditions with improvements suggested by IRAM 11603 for a thermo-energetic transition. Anticipating future energy consumption changes is vital for proposing sustainable retrofitting options to enhance affordability and energy efficiency, while ensuring occupants’ thermal comfort. A public housing prototype in Tucumán serves as the case study. The methodology combines energy simulation and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to analyze current and future energy demands. The results show climate change’s potential impact on housing thermal behavior and the necessity for improvements. In the base case, cooling demand exceeds 11 kWh/m2·year, while heating demand decreases by approximately 4 kWh/m2·year. Rehabilitation could reduce cooling demand by 57% and heating demand by 32.5%, considering future climate scenarios. Active architectural strategies are proposed for enhancing thermal performance and reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. This study underscores the importance of analyzing future scenarios and implementing strategies for the thermo-energetic transition of existing social housing.

Are lagoons efficient for summer wastewater treatment in northern decentralized communities to ensure environmental and human health?

Among wastewater treatment methods, wastewater treatment lagoons are popular in northern decentralized regions. There is however a shortage of studies on northern wastewater treatment efficiency. This research addresses this gap by sequentially evaluating lagoon efficiency in a northern Canadian community, aiming to determine the feasibility or the necessity for improvement or alternative methods. The study encompasses physicochemical and human enteric viruses' detection in wastewater, crucial for mitigating environmental and public health risks. Wastewater lagoons exhibited removal efficiencies of 94.10 % for total suspended solids (TSS), 70.5 % for total solids (TS), 99.89 % for ammonium (NH4), 61.53 % for total nitrogen (TN), 65.85 % for phosphate (PO43−), and 91.3 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD). Human noroviruses GI and GII were detected in raw wastewater and lagoon samples, indicating their presence in the community's sewage system. The inefficiency of the lagoon system in reducing TSS, COD, and PO43− to below standard levels, along with the presence of viruses, raises concerns for environmental and human health in the region, especially considering the community's heavy dependence on land and water resources. Urgent measures are imperative to address these inefficiencies for the well-being of both the environment and the community.

How does the frame of communication affect cancer patients' decisions?-from a behavioral economics point of view.

It has been said that physicians should provide their patients with accurate evidence in terms of information on treatment options. However, in some cases, although the physician provides accurate and sufficient information, the patient still chooses the medically not-recommended treatment. The purpose of this research is to clarify how patients' decisions differ when a physician changes the frame of an explanation when he/she provides information about cancer treatment. An online questionnaire survey was conducted in March 2017. Through the aid of a survey company, we emailed questionnaires to 1,360 cancer patients who received treatment within the last 2 years. We randomly assigned participants to 6 hypotheticals scenario of a terminal cancer patient, and presented hypothetical evidence in different ways. Subsequently, we asked survey participants whether they would choose to receive additional anti-cancer treatment. Although there was no statistically significant difference between scenarios, the "social burden" groups showed a lower rate of patients who preferred to continue a medically ineffective anti-cancer treatment than the control group, at a 10% significance level. The scenario significantly affected the patients' sense of abandonment [F(5, 1,354)=5.680, P<0.001], sense of distress [F(5, 1,354)=3.920, P=0.002], and necessity of improvement [F(5, 1,354)=2.783, P=0.017]. Nudges were not shown to be effective in situations where discontinuation of anticancer treatment was being considered. On the other hand, some nudges were found to be invasive and should be used with caution.

The system of formation of a fleet of vehicles for traffic safety management on high-speed roads

The article discusses the issue of increasing the requirements for road safety in the Russian Federation. The data on the growth of the fleet and the increase in transport mobility of the population are presented, while it is noted that the death rate as a result of road accidents remains very high. Special attention is paid to the analysis of winter road maintenance, the causes of mass accidents, as well as the assessment of the quality of road maintenance and possible ways to improve the safety system. It is noted that at the moment there is wear and tear of existing road equipment, which is being replaced with new imported ones. The necessity of improvement has been established and an algorithm for the formation and management of a fleet of road and utility vehicles servicing highways has been proposed to minimize accident-hazardous road operating conditions and ensure road safety at all levels. Keywords road safety, winter maintenance of roads, motorways, road vehicles, a fleet of vehicles for the maintenance of highways

전자 폐기물 회수 로봇 개발을 위한 사용자 중심 서비스 디자인 방향성 제안

The management of electronic waste represents a challenge in the advancement of environmental sustainability. At H University's campus, the necessity for improvement in this area has been identified, with major issues being pinpointed through literature and case studies, as well as stakeholder needs analysis. Surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted with students, faculty, and campus janitorial staff. The research identified design contents The goal is to enhance the efficiency of electronic waste disposal services on campus through the introduction of an ICT-based e-waste collection system. A service designt, based on deep learning models, in effectively implementing e-waste collection services at H University. This research provides innovative solutions for the effective collection of e-waste generated on campus.

CFD Study of the Impacts of a Turbocharger’s Various Wastegate and Bypass Configurations on the Efficiency and the Flow Field of its Radial Turbine

Turbocharger systems enhance the engine power and efficiency, reduce its pollution, and downsize the engine volume. As the significance of exploiting turbochargers in gasoline engines is surging among automobile manufacturers, the necessity of improvement in the system components becomes more critical. This paper investigates the impacts of a turbocharger turbine bypass and wastegate geometry alterations on the performance and the flow field characteristics via numerical simulations. The numerical method verification and mesh independence study are performed for the original geometry. The simulation results of the altered geometries indicate that better alignment between the bypassed and the bulk flows leads to higher efficiency of the turbocharging system. In addition, the bent or elbow-shaped and protruded turbine walls immediately downstream of the wheel are found to be unfavorable. It is also uncovered that if the wastegate shape and the housing walls are designed in such a way that the effects of ensuing vortices are minimized, it improves the stage efficiency, which is desirable for two-stage turbochargers. Furthermore, a novel manufacturable design is proposed in this study, which increases the efficiency and useful power by 19.9% and 6.7%, respectively.

ORGANIZATION OF EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE METHODICAL SYSTEM OF TEACHING UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE FOR PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

The article focuses on the issue of effective organization of experimental research with the use of the methods of mathematical statistics. The relevance of the topic is evidenced by the necessity of improvement of the process of preparation and conduction of a pedagogical experiment, as well as examination of the objectivity and validity of the performed measurements. The aim of the article is elaboration of the algorithm of theoretical and practical preparation for conducting a pedagogical experiment. The methodical system of teaching Ukrainian Language for Professional Purposes to future pedagogy specialists, which has been developed by the author, serves as the object of experimental examination. The descriptive, systemic and structural, mathematical and statistical methods, as well as the theoretical methods of generalization and particularization, have been applied in the research process. As a result of the study, the main pedagogical conditions for organization of experimental and exploratory learning have been formulated, the specificity of preparatory work before conducting an experiment has been elucidated, the aim and tasks of the experiment have been detailed, and the methodical support has been determined. The fact that the methodical system of teaching Ukrainian Language for Professional Purposes to students of pedagogical institutions of higher education has to be based on the foundations of research, competence, communicative and activity-oriented, linguistic and extralinguistic, professionally oriented, systemic and synergistic, text-centric, functional and stylistic approaches has been taken into account in the process of organization of the experimental work. Components of the general ability of future experts to perform complex specialized tasks and solve practical problems in their professional and pedagogical activity include the discourse, documentation, general scientific, informational and technologic, entrepreneurial, editorial, and terminological competences. For the purpose of objectivity in conducting pedagogical measurements, the sizes of general and random samples have been formed considering the regional and statistical aspects. Determination of a minimal required size of a sample as a micromodel of a general sample is carried out by using the limiting error formula to ensure the accuracy and reliability of research results.

РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТРАНСКОРДОННОГО СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА В РОЗРІЗІ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИХ МЕХАНІЗМІВ

In the article the essence of institutional mechanisms of cross-border cooperation has been analyzed, the necessity of improvement and harmonization of domestic institutional ensuring with similar factors in the European Union countries has been emphasized. It is noted that state regional policy represents a complex of organizational, legal and economic measures that are being carried out by the state in the field of country’s regional development, taking into consideration current socio-economic conditions of the regions and strategic tasks as a whole. The main point of institutional mechanism as an element of public administration is considered through the system of institutions, organizations and establishments with different level and status which ensure state policy implementation in a certain sphere. It has been mentioned that among varieties of institutional forms of the development of cross-border regions the principal ones are: Euroregions, cross-border partnerships, cross-border clusters, European communities of territorial cooperation, as well as industrial zones and technoparks. Taking into account the imperfection of institutional mechanisms for the implementation of transborder cooperation it is necessary to adapt national legislation of Ukraine to the EU law standards and create relevant legislative acts that will encourage the performance of requirements of a single domestic market of the EU and the gradual approximation of Ukraine to a holistic European economic space for a sustainable TBC development. It is pointed out that one of the reasons connected with heterogeneity of boundary territories’ development is insufficient level of institutional and organizational ensuring. It has been noticed that non-effective application of European institutional mechanisms of cross-border cooperation stipulates a necessity of their investigation and operation’s assessment in view of institutional theory.

Methods for the Realization of its-90 Fixed Points: Necessity of Improvement

Methods for the Realization of its-90 Fixed Points: Necessity of Improvement

Repeated cesarean section and vaginal delivery after cesarean section in São Paulo State in 2012

Abstract Objectives: describe mothers, pregnancies and newborns’ characteristics according to the type of childbirth history and to analyze repeated cesarean section (RCS) and vaginal delivery after cesarean section (VBACS), in São Paulo State in 2012. Methods: data are from the Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Live Birth Information Systems). To find the RCS’s group, the current type of childbirth equal to cesarean section was selected and from these all the previous cesareans. To identify the VBACS’s group all live birth with current vaginal delivery were selected and from these all previous cesareans. Mothers with a history of RCS and VBACS were analyzed according to the characteristics of the pregnancy, newborn and the childbirth hospital. Results: 273,329 mothers of live birth with at least one previous child were studied. 43% of these were born of RCS and 7.4% of VBACS. Mothers who underwent RCS are older and higher educated and their newborns presented a lower incidence of low birth weight. Early term was the most frequent rating for gestational age born of RCS. Live births were of VBACS and had greater proportions of late term. The RCS was more common in hospitals not affiliated with the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) (Public Health System) (44.1%). Conclusion: the high RCS’s rates, especially in the private sector, highlight the necessity of improvements in childbirth care model in São Paulo.

The methods of realization of ITS-90 fixed points: the necessity for improvement

The consistency of the results of international comparisons and the equivalence of national standards, improvement of methods for the realization of the International Temperature Scale ITS-90 main fixed points of metals freezing are considered. Two sources of uncertainty of the temperature value during realization of metals freezing fixed points have been determined. Experiments on the initiation of the inner interface between the liquid and solid phases of the metal have been carried out, the effect of the initiation conditions on the interface structure and measured temperature value in aluminum and indium fixed points cells has been investigated. The question of the correctness of the impurities influence estimates according to the laws for the only outer interface moving from the crucible walls to its center is considered. Analysis of the freezing curves obtained under different initiation conditions allowed determining the criterion for the presence of a continuous inner interface and the conditions for the formation of a single outer interface during slow crystallization of the metal without the formation of an inner interface. The obtained criteria will allow metrological institutes to choose the correct conditions for the initiation of the inner interface when using different designs of cells and heaters.

АРХІВНІ ФОЛЬКЛОРНО-ЕТНОГРАФІЧНІ ДОКУМЕНТИ – ВАЖЛИВЕ ДЖЕРЕЛО ДЛЯ ВИВЧЕННЯ ЕТНІЧНОЇ ІСТОРІЇ УКРАЇНЦІВ

The article is aimed at the description of unique materials in folklore, ethnography and art studies. They are included into the List of National Acquirement of Ukraine and preserved at the funds of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine M. Rylskyi Institute for Art Studies, Folkloristics and Ethnology (thereafter – Archives of the Institute). Basing on the principles of historical method and objectivity, general scientific approaches are used, namely analysis and synthesis (during the work with sources and literature), the method of reconstruction and others. A wide publishing activities of the scholars in the use of archival materials for the accomplishment of state planned scientific tasks, the development of the studies in local history and tourism are described for the first time. The processes of interest in local cultures, search for own identity have been increased in the world of globalization. These facts excite the eminent interest in the study of spirituality, preservation of historical memory. The processes, caused by the search for own roots by the population, that has sustained enforced resettlement from the flooded villages in the 1960s, are analyzed for the first time. They are connected with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR «On the Measures concerning the Resettlement of the Population and Transportation of the Premises and Buildings to New Places in the connection with the Erection of Kaniv Hydroelectric Power Plant». It is only one of six storage reservoirs, which has engulfed over 20 villages. An issue of the improvement of conditions for the preservation and publication of the materials, which have over-significant importance in the system of national culture, is considered. The material, collected purposefully by the scientists and correspondents of the Ethnographic Commission of All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences according to the specialized programs in the 1920s–1930s, is inestimable and significant for the study of everyday culture. Attention is paid to the use of the manuscript heritage (Archives of the Institute) as the main source in numerous scientific works by the scholars of Ukraine and other countries. The necessity of improvement of publishing point of the archival materials with the aim of preservation and popularization of spiritual values for the integration of Ukrainian civil society and preservation of historical memory is emphasized.

Методичні підходи до оцінки бюджетної ефективності територій

Annotation. Introduction. According to the principles of the program-target method of budgeting, the diagnosis of budget efficiency of territories is the key goal of assessing the implementation of regional policy and improving the efficiency of budget funds, which, in turn, will not only determine the effectiveness of this process Therefore, assessing the level of budget efficiency of territories is a mandatory element of financial management at the local level. The purpose of the article is to study the methodological approaches of scientists to assess the budget efficiency of territories and on their basis the formation of the author’s directions of assessment of the object of study. Results. It is investigated that in recent years there have been positive trends in the socio-economic development of the state as a whole and its regions in particular, but still the development of individual regions remains asymmetric due to the inability of territories to accumulate the necessary financial resources to local budgets. places, which, in turn, does not contribute to providing appropriate conditions for the structural development of the regions. The existing methodological approaches are systematized, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and it is found that they are based on traditional methodological principles and provide for the analysis of absolute, relative indicators, integrated indices and rankings, etc.; do not have a single vision for a set of indicators; mainly focus on assessing the structure of the budget and the individual components of its revenue and expenditure parts. The necessity of improvement of a technique of diagnostics of budgetary efficiency of territories which will provide the analysis in the following directions is substantiated: the state of the budget; financial capacity of the budget; intergovernmental relations; financial independence; budget load; budgeting efficiency; budget management. Conclusions. The system of the formed directions will allow to estimate a level of budgetary efficiency of territories of Ukraine in the conditions of decentralization and to develop long-term budgetary strategy on places. Keywords: territory; methodical approaches; diagnostics; budget efficiency.

MODERN APPROACHES FOR THE DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF NEWBORNS WITH ANORECTAL ATRESIAS (LITERARY DATA AND OWN EXPERIENCE)

Summary. The article is devoted to the problem of anorectal atresias in newborns, which are widespread and ranked first among the causes of disability in children. Based on the results of literature and our own experience, modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of congenital anomalies in newborns are presented. The 37 article presents epidemiology, modern views on diagnostics and treatment of main pathology and its complications in newborns. The necessity of improvement and wide introduction of prenatal diagnostics of anorectal atresias as an effective non-invasive method of early diagnostics of pathology is substantiated. The necessity of introduction of a complex of preventive measures at dirth defects, support of modern medical strategies and application of technically advanced methods of correction of a defect are emphasized. Generalization of own experience and modern approaches to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of birth defects in newborns will be of great theoretical and practical importance for pediatric surgeries who are engaged in the issues of early detection of congenital malformations and their treatment, and to facilitate the coordination of specialists' efforts in improving the effectiveness of prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies and reducing lethality

Future-proofing hydrogeology by revising groundwater monitoring practice

Groundwater is an important global resource and its sustainable use faces major challenges. New methods and advances in computational science could lead to much improved understanding of groundwater processes and subsurface properties. A closer look at current groundwater monitoring practice reveals the need for updates with a special focus on the benefits of high-frequency and high-resolution datasets. To future-proof hydrogeology, this technical note raises awareness about the necessity for improvement, provides initial recommendations and advocates for the development of universal guidelines.

Juristic qualification of separate basements of labor contract denouncement because of revealed lack of conformity of the employee’s post held or job executed

Legal adjusting of the phenomenon of denouncement of a labour contract in connection with the educed disparity of a worker to a held post or executed work now is not covering the whole spectrum of features of grounds of such denouncement that predetermines the necessity of research of descriptions of its separate grounds. The purpose of the article is an exposure of the lacks of adjusting of denouncement of labour relations on the initiative of an employer in connection with the educed disparity of a worker to a held post or executed work and suggestion of ways of their solution. During the realization of the indicated research the following methods were used: dialectical, logical-legal, analysis and synthesis. By means of analysis and synthesis, the essence of grounds of labour contract denunciation because of disparity to a held post or executed work was described, and also basic ideas and vectors of development of the legal adjusting are educed and compared, in particular categorical apparatus within the limits of the research article. A dialectical method allowed to investigate general properties, copulas and conformities to law, that arise at the exposure of disparity of a worker to a held post or executed work. A logical-legal method was used for the formulation of suggestions in relation to further perfection of the legal adjusting of the institute of labour contract denunciation on the initiative of an employer. The results consist of the exposure of the importance of grant of the right to employers to denounce a labour contract at presence of corresponding grounds and substantiation of the necessity of improvement of positions within the limits of the considered theme, envisaged by the current legislation. Conclusion. The imperfection of the existent presently legal adjusting of exposure of disparity of a worker to a held post or executed work, resulted in labour contract denunciation, is manifested in gaps of the categorical apparatus within the limits of the considered question, in particular in absence of clear fixing of the concept "insufficient qualification", absence of the regulated methods of its exposure, direct obligation of an employer to break labour relations with a worker in statutory cases, is a limitation of him/her in the right to make a decision independently, is a considerable obstacle to an employer in establishment of an effective method of work execution and improvement of results of such execution

A aplicabilidade da Lei Rouanet para a promoção de uma base cultural axiológica

No presente artigo, aborda-se a Lei nº 8.313/1991 (Lei Rouanet), que institui o Programa Nacional de Apoio à Cultura e as suas modalidades. Adentra-se na importância dos fundos públicos para o impulsionamento e a perpetuação das manifestações culturais de menor expressão econômica. Estuda-se o pensamento de Ronald Dworking acerca do cabimento ou não da destinação de subsídio do Estado para as artes, dentro do contexto da construção de uma base cultural plural. Por fim, apresenta-se reflexão sobre a aplicabilidade da Lei Rouanet e sua necessidade de aprimoração, com foco na simplificação da dinâmica fiscal, na volta de um comitê que possa analisar os projetos culturais de maneira democrática e no impulsionamento e na perpetuação das manifestações culturais de menor expressão econômica, para que, de forma satisfatória, o Estado cumpra o seu papel de promover uma base cultural axiológica. No tocante a metodologia, o estudo é descritivo-analítico, bibliográfico, puro e qualitativo.

Проблеми формування ціни на продукцію оборонного призначення та шляхи їх вирішення

Розглянуто роль ціни на продукцію оборонного призначення (ПОП) для задоволення потреб оборони у матеріальних ресурсах для переоснащення збройних сил. Відзначено, що неконтрольований ріст цін на фоні суттєвого зростання в останні роки загальних витрат на закупівлі продукції підприємств оборонної промисловості не сприяє підвищенню якості та інноватизації продукції, не відповідає вимогам раціонального витрачання бюджетних фінансових ресурсів на потреби оборони, постає одним із чинників гальмування модернізації ОПК, його неспроможності задовольнити потреби обороноздатності країни. Проаналізовані недоліки діючої в Україні витратної системи ціноутворення на промислову та науково-технічну продукцію оборонного призначення. Обґрунтована необхідність удосконалення системи ціноутворення, посилення державного управління ціноутворенням для раціонального (ефективного) витрачання бюджетних фінансових ресурсів.&#x0D; Розроблені пропозиції з організаційного, нормативно-правового та фінансово-економічного забезпечення реформування діючої в Україні системи ціноутворення, з урахуванням провідного зарубіжного досвіду.

DIRECTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF MISSILE ATTACK EARLY WARNING STATIONS

The article explains the current state of aviation armament and equipment protection from missile attacks. The necessity of improvement and ways of prospective development for aircraft protection systems are considered in the work. The analysis of the directions for solving the problem of detecting a missile attack on an aircraft is performed. There has also been given a solid consideration for methods and means for detecting the launch and flight of a missile in the infrared and ultraviolet band of electromagnetic waves.&#x0D; The source of ultraviolet emission, in particular the additives of rocket fuel in the process of combustion, is considered. A brief description of the frequency bands of the spectrum of ultraviolet emission and their classification in accordance with the current regulations of Ukraine and the classification of the International Commission on Illumination (Fr.-CIE) is provided. Considerable attention is paid to the frequency band called "solar blind". The basic characteristics of the ultraviolet sensors of the Soviet and Russian production are given. A brief overview of the missile attack early warning stations of foreign production, mentioning the aircraft on which they are installed is performed. Operational characteristics’ features of these stations are described in a concise way. The specifications of early warning stations are also given. The necessity of close interaction of these stations with the means of countermeasures, with the prospect of full integration with the onboard aircraft defense complex is shown.

Measuring patient-centered care for specific populations: A necessity for improvement

The measurement of patient-centered care (PCC) is a fundamental component of assessing and improving health care quality. There are a variety of PCC measures available which have been tailored to different health care conditions and settings. These distinct measures are valuable given the diversity of health conditions and contexts encountered in the health care system. However, the type of patient has received significantly less attention when measuring PCC despite the multitude of unique patient populations that exist. Specific patient populations raise several core challenges for PCC measurement to which researchers and practitioners need to attend: identifying what principles to measure, who is the most appropriate assessor, and how best to measure PCC. Examples of specific patient populations include geriatric patients, refugees, migrants and dyadic patients. Dyadic patients, such as the mother-infant dyad, are two individual, independent, yet inextricably linked patients who require simultaneous care. In this commentary, we use the mother-infant dyad as one example of a specific population to illustrate the challenges and argument for why additional specific patient populations warrant dedicated measures of PCC.