Naval Base Research Articles

Crisis of the eastern vector of foreign policy of Ukraine

The discourse and the essence of the crisis of the eastern foreign policy vector of Ukraine are analysed in the article. It is proved that the issue of the Russian direction of Ukraine’s foreign policy has become relevant since its independence. A sharp surge in scientific and expert discourse occurred in 2014 and 2022, when, respectively, a hybrid war began and Russia’s open aggression against Ukraine. Based on the analysis of political science discourse, it was concluded that the primary crisis of the eastern vector of Ukraine’s foreign policy is primarily an objective factor in Russia’s aggressive imperial policy based on Eurasian revanchism – the desire to revive total influence in the post-Soviet space. It has been confirmed that the deployment of a Russian naval base in Sevastopol on Ukrainian territory, multiplied by the loss of nuclear status, and a sharp economic downturn have deprived Ukraine of prospects for adequate geopolitical status in a post-bipolar world order. After all, Ukraine has in fact agreed to deploy the Russian Black Sea Fleet on its sovereign territory. Such a position, according to scholars, contradicted the Concept of Foreign Policy of Ukraine of 1993, which stated the inadmissibility of the presence of armed forces of other states on its territory. All this led to the occupation of Crimea, Russia’s inspiration for the hybrid conflict in Donbass in 2014 and open armed aggression in 2022. Ukraine has made significant progress in its confrontation with revanchist Russia, against which large-scale sanctions have been imposed. Having received significant military and technical assistance from the West, Ukraine has thwarted Moscow’s strategic plans to strip it of its statehood and restore the Soviet Union to much of the post-Soviet space. In the course of the armed confrontation with Russia, Ukraine acquired geopolitical subjectivity and gained the prospect of joining the EU. It is also proved that Ukraine has significant prospects for obtaining a new Marshall Plan for the post-war reconstruction of the economy and infrastructure. At the same time, Ukraine must support the policy of technological transformation and not abandon the strategy of gaining full membership in NATO.

Novaya Zemlya Archipelago in the Defense System of the Soviet Arctic During the Great Patriotic War

This analyzes the significance of Novaya Zemlya in the course of military operations in the Arctic during World War II. Data on the deployment of troops in the Novaya Zemlya archipelago and nearby islands are provided based on an analysis of archive documents. The military history of the archipelago is examined from the creation of the Belomorskaya military flotilla in 1941 until its disbandment in April 1945. Minor importance of the region at the initial stage of the war is replaced by an increase in the activity of the German naval forces in 1942, especially submarines. The result of this was the expansion of military operations in the Arctic Sea theater, expressed in enemy attacks on polar stations and sea convoys. In response, the Soviet command created a naval base on Novaya Zemlya and increased the fleet’s ship composition. By the end of the war, there was a qualitative and quantitative increase in military infrastructure. The natural and climatic factor had a huge impact on the conduct of military operations, because of it the main combat activity of the warring parties directly depended on the polar summer and navigation period. The experience of the main Department of the Northern Sea route in the development of the region in the 1930s was taken into account. The author concluded that the possession of Novaya Zemlya was key both for the control of navigation and for the possession of the entire surrounding region. Despite all efforts, the enemy still failed to disrupt Maritime navigation in the Arctic, and to break the courageous resistance of military seamen and employees of the Main Administration of the Northern Sea Way.

A few British and American writers in Toulon and the Var department in the 1920s and 1930s

The French Riviera or Côte d’Azur stretches from Marseille to the Italian border and has traditionally attracted a good many British and American writers, most of whom concentrated in and around Nice, Cannes, Menton, Antibes, Vence, namely the eastern end of the coast. Nevertheless, Toulon and the Var area should not be overlooked as they hosted many a brilliant author, in particular such neighbouring seaside resorts as Hyères and Le Lavandou to the East of Toulon, Sanary and Bandol to the west. Inevitably, Toulon, being a larger town and a naval base, was, and still is, a convenient stopping place for travellers driving along the coast, and an essential one for people outside Toulon who had to do some shopping, go to the doctor’s, remember Aldous Huxley, visit the brothels (Evelyn Waugh was a regular) or opium dens like Cocteau and so many others. Joseph Conrad, Edith Wharton, Paul Bourget, Katherine Mansfield, D.H. Lawrence, Huxley, among many others, Ford Madox last but not least, have stayed in the Toulon area where they found inspiration, beauty and warmth. This can be felt throughout their works, in their personal achievements, and I am convinced that their confrontation with the local atmosphere and landscapes has contributed to their art and literary production.

RUSSIAN FORTRESSES AS NAVAL BASES IN THE 1740-s ZAPOROZHIAN HOST: DNIEPER FLOTILLA SHIPS STORAGE

Studies of Russian military presence in the lands of Zaporozhia during the New Sich era (1734–1775) pay relatively little attention to the uses of Russian fortresses between the RussoTurkish wars of 1735–1739 and 1768–1774. From 1739 to 1768 the military importance and defense capability of the Russian fortresses diminished, thus their main purpose shifted to information gathering on the Russian-Ottoman borderlands and the Zaporozhian Host of the Lower Dniper itself. Furthermore, another quite understudied function of these fortresses was to serve as military depots, both acting and reserve. This article concentrates on the understudied aspect of the history of Russian fortresses and the Zaporozhia lands during the New Sich era – the storage of vessels of the liquidated Dnieper flotilla after the Russo-Turkish war of 1735-1739. The primary source base for this article consists of the documents from “Kyiv Provincial Chancellery” (Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, fund 59). The Ust’-Samara retrenchment was a main naval base of the Dnieper flotilla located at the mouth of the Samara River (present-day Dnipro). The reorganization of the Dnieper flotilla material base and fleet supplies took several years after the end of the 1735-1739 war. Subsequently, various fleet supplies (military vessels; ship equipment like ropes, blocks, oars, flags, anchors; naval artillery and related supplies; tools for ships repairs and maintenance like "konopatky"; building materials, ship nails, resin; food stocks for ship crews, etc) were stored in the special fortress warehouses. However, storage conditions were inadequate, naval depots could be destroyed, while equipment and watercraft could be stolen by the Russian officers to be resold later. Relying on documentary sources, an attempt was made to clarify the number of Dnieper flotilla vessels, that were stored in the Ust’-Samara retrenchment. To that end, the article introduces into scientific circulation a document that most fully reflects the number of military vessels, stored at the Russian fortresses in Zaporozhia as of November 1, 1742 - a report compiled by Captain I. Stepanov at the request of the Ust’-Samara retrenchment commander A. Chichagov, commander of all Russian fortresses in Zaporozhia. At that time, the total number of vessels (both suitable and unsuitable for use) amounted to 350. These vessels were stored in the Kamianskyi, Khortyts’kyi, Malyshevs’kyi and Nenasytets’kyi retrenchments. Comparison of data from several documents reveals that for unknown reasons this number (350) did not include boats stored in the Ust’-Samara retrenchment. This article further indicates that the study of exact number of the vessels is complicated by the specifics of the source base. Further elaboration of the issues outlined in the present article would allow not only to explore the functions of Russian fortresses in Zaporozhia during the New Sich era and their role as centers of the Russian military presence, but would also reveal the everyday relations of Russian soldiers with the Cossacks and the peasants (“pospolyti”). The crucial need to study original documentary sources on the history of Russian fortresses in Zaporozhia is emphasized once more.

The Presence of Russia in Syria according to the Barakah Circle Theory: The Tartus Naval Base

Throughout history, the central issue for Muslims all over the world relates to al-Quds and Bayt al-Maqdis. Any state that would like to have control of the globe has aimed to occupy Islamicjerusalem. This is a region that almost every superpower wants to control, and Russia has emerged as one such modern superpower. Since the time of the Soviet Union, it has had ambitions in Syria’s important port of Tartus on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea and these aims are closely connected with the Holy Land. This study aims to theoretically highlight the geopolitical importance of Bayt al-Maqdis according to the Barakah Circle Theory of El-Awaisi (2005) with a case study of Russia’s Naval Base in Tartus in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. In this study, a qualitative research method is used to collect primary and secondary data. In this regard, Bayt al-Maqdis’s Barakah Circle Theory is tested according to the case study of Russia’s presence in the Mediterranean Sea.

Managing Threats on the High Seas: The Role of Naval Bases on Reducing Maritime Piracy

Weak coastal states often lack an adequate, sustained naval presence to monitor and police their territorial waters. Unpatrolled waters, both territorial and otherwise, may provide pirates with substantial financial opportunities that go far beyond any single country. Maritime piracy costs the global economy on average USD 24 billion per year. This research explores the impact of naval bases on acts of piracy to determine if naval presence can decrease the likelihood of piracy. To examine this important economic and national security issue, our research employs a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. We also rely upon a newly constructed time-series dataset for the years 1992–2018. Our study shows that the presence of naval bases is essential in helping maritime forces combat piracy. Policymakers searching for options to combat piracy should find the results of this study especially useful in creating prescriptive approaches that aid in solving offshore problems.

Projecting Climate Dependent Coastal Flood Risk With a Hybrid Statistical Dynamical Model.

Numerical models for tides, storm surge, and wave runup have demonstrated ability to accurately define spatially varying flood surfaces. However these models are typically too computationally expensive to dynamically simulate the full parameter space of future oceanographic, atmospheric, and hydrologic conditions that will constructively compound in the nearshore to cause both extreme event and nuisance flooding during the 21st century. A surrogate modeling framework of waves, winds, and tides is developed in this study to efficiently predict spatially varying nearshore and estuarine water levels contingent on any combination of offshore forcing conditions. The surrogate models are coupled with a time‐dependent stochastic climate emulator that provides efficient downscaling for hypothetical iterations of offshore conditions. Together, the hybrid statistical‐dynamical framework can assess present day and future coastal flood risk, including the chronological characteristics of individual flood and wave‐induced dune overtopping events and their changes into the future. The framework is demonstrated at Naval Base Coronado in San Diego, CA, utilizing the regional Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS; composed of Delft3D and XBeach) as the dynamic simulator and Gaussian process regression as the surrogate modeling tool. Validation of the framework uses both in‐situ tide gauge observations within San Diego Bay, and a nearshore cross‐shore array deployment of pressure sensors in the open beach surf zone. The framework reveals the relative influence of large‐scale climate variability on future coastal flood resilience metrics relevant to the management of an open coast artificial berm, as well as the stochastic nature of future total water levels.

THE GROWING RELATION BETWEEN CHINA AND PAKISTAN AND ITS INFLUENCE ON INDIA AND ITS CHALLENGES AHEAD

China and Pakistan diplomatic relation started from 1951 which has grown over the years. China is providing humongous weapons, aircrafts and submarines to Pakistan in spite Pakistan being in debt and now Turkey has also started to provide military weapons to Pakistan, the ultimate aim to is attack India .The string of pearls is a geopolitical strategic to surround Indian peninsular from all sides by creating naval base in its neighbor countries .The economic corridor of China and Pakistan is also a weapon to keep a check on India and amplify Pakistan influence in the Indian Ocean region by providing them powerful submarines. However due to China’s belt and road initiative project which is one of the most financial risk projects has made china lost its appetite to provide money for large infrastructure projects especially in Pakistan, the disagreement between Pakistan and China on CPEC has stopped the work ahead. China is also supporting the Maoist, North- East insurgency and terrorist groups in India by providing those arms and has also attacked India through Cyber warfare. China through the string of pears, CPEC, Belt and Road initiative is trying to encircle India. Keyword: China, Pakistan, India, CPEC, String of pears, military, diplomatic relations, Indian Peninsula, Indian Ocean

Military archaeology and contemporary reality in Albania

Heritage conservation provides economic, cultural and social benefits to urban communities. The building conservation role has changed from preservation to being part of a broader strategy for urban regeneration process and sustainable development. Heritage buildings are vital in for transferring the cultural identity for upcoming generations. Where heritage buildings can no longer function with its original use, proposing a new function is necessary to preserve the significance of the heritage building. This study aims to explore the fascinating dialogue between totalitarian regimes introduced in two museums adapted within the anti-nuclear bunkers in Tirana. The architectural projects of the museum aim to preserve the identity of their interior. While the careful architectural intervention is necessary to create the atmosphere of totalitarian ideology, in many cases we have to do with the continuity of existing architectural and urban elements in these particular projects. The work explores two museums, BuncArt 1 and BunkArt 2, quite interesting reflection of the parts of history, during the years of world wars and the period of dictatorship of communism, with the facilities and elements exhibited there. In the meantime, thereafter, one can speak of a longer period for the period of the communist regime extending from 1945 to 1990. The impact of communist ideology, coming from the communist bloc of the East, also affects architecture and urban studies in Albania. In some respects, we have a silent follow-up to the monumental interventions that were made before the end of World War II. Another important element was the radical intervention in the bunkers in the territory and in the cities. Their quantity is considered with an amount of 700 thousand pieces. They were different in size and were seen more as defence-related parts rather than as a direct link to the new realist-socialist architecture. The return of some of them to the exhibition space was a good step to revitalize them. Currently they have been transformed into successful tourist attractions. Visitors come to perceive three important elements: (1) attractive military engineering, carried out in contrast to the challenges of the time, (2) the suffocating atmosphere during the communist dictatorship, which required extreme safeguards, (3) elements and historical facts of the World War period, as important elements during the Cold War. An ambitious third project, which is expected to be implemented in the future, is the conversion of the Pashaliman Naval Base in Vlora into another important military museum. This port was originally set up by mid-Fifties, by Russian troops, to have control over the Adriatic. The port is currently part of the military, thought to turn into a strong tourist pole.

Turnover Intention Among the Navy People: The Role of Work Family Interference and Organizational Commitment

Human capital is a critical component of any organization's competitiveness. The absence of a high-capacity employee can have a negative impact on operational performance. The researcher examined the significance of organizational commitment as a mediator between work-family interference and turnover intention in the Royal Malaysian Navy. Data were collected from 400 navy personnel at the Lumut Naval Base in Perak, Malaysia, using structured questionnaires. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data. Organizational commitment serves as a mediator between work-family interference and turnover intention in the Royal Malaysian Navy. According to the findings of this study, organizational commitment mediated the relationship between work-family interference and turnover intention. Additionally, work-family interference is a significant predictor of intention to leave the RMN.

RELEVANSI PERAN PANGKALAN TNI ANGKATAN LAUT TERHADAP TERWUJUDNYA WILAYAH PERTAHANAN YANG BERTUMPU PADA PULAU-PULAU BESAR (STUDI KASUS PADA LANTAMAL III/JAKARTA)

The Main Naval Base III Jakarta as a regional command unit has a role in preparing formidable space, tools and fighting conditions by empowering marine defense areas through fostering maritime potential (binpotmar) as part of the Archipelago Marine Defense Strategy (SPLN). In its implementation, national defense at sea must follow the defense policy set by the state. Currently, the government has ratified the general policy of state defense for 2020-2024 with one of the policy targets being the realization of a defense area based on large islands. With the determination of this national defense policy, it is necessary to synchronize the SPLN that has been carried out by the Navy with one of the strategic objectives of the policy. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the empowerment of the marine defense area through BinPotmar and elements in an effort to realize a defense area based on large islands. This study uses a qualitative research method with a Grunded Theory approach using relevance theory, role theory, coaching theory, Sea Power theory and logistics theory. The results of the study conclude that the empowerment of marine defense areas through binpotmar has relevance to the realization of defense areas that rely on large islands.

Building Collaborative Governance: A Case Study of the Jeju Civilian-Military Complex Port

This study analyzes the process of selecting candidate sites for a naval base on Jeju Island in terms of collaborative governance in order to present advice for preventing mistakes that were made which led to both financial damage and a loss of social capital. Research Design, Data and Methodology: After a literature review, a working definition of collaborative governance is presented along with a set of variables which are considered to be key components of collaborative governance. These variables are then analyzed within the framework definition of collaborative governance using a modified version of Ansell and Gash s model (2008), with the addition of some concepts of variables as depicted in the model of Emerson et al. (2012). Results: Participants in the site selection process were divided into two groups, those supporting the construction of the Jeju Naval Base and those in opposition, and the two parties did not form the networks for collaborative governance, especially at the outset of the process. Because of an imbalance of available power and resources, with the advantage being held by the Ministry of National Defense, the ministry did not share information with those opposed to the naval base, which could have led to the formation of networks for collaborative governance and the building of a constructive relationship. One of the major incentives given for building the naval base was the benefit to the local economy, but opponents of the project argued that this did not outweigh the cost of damage to the natural environment. Conclusion: This study finds that insufficient effort was made to embrace all stakeholders in the process and that there was inadequate consideration of their demands in terms of collaborative governance. A public-private partnership would have been a desirable first step towards building trust and reaching the goal of achieving coordination, rather than one-sided decision-making. Although many scholars rightly emphasize the importance of face-to-face dialogue between stakeholders, which leads to a consensus-oriented process through the breaking down of stereotypes and other barriers to communication, it was almost non-existent in this case of Gangjeong Village Jeju.

The American Naval Base in Ponta Delgada, 1917–19

This article derives from a master’s thesis about the consequences of World War I in the Azores archipelago that included a chapter dedicated to the U.S. Navy facilities at Ponta Delgada on the island of São Miguel. With its two U.S. Marine Corps units, U.S. Naval Base 13 defended the port, a British wireless station near Ponta Delgada, and support structures for the assigned or passing naval units. This article offers a vision of Naval Base 13 as a U.S./Europe border during World War I that was critical to the protection of British and American military and commercial shipping and denying Germany any base of operations in the region from which to launch attacks on Allied forces.

From front lines to fun runs: revitalizing the exception through official discourse at Guantánamo Bay

ABSTRACT When the detention programme at the U.S. naval base at Guantánamo Bay (GTMO) started in 2002, the Bush administration described it as an essential front in the War on Terror. A few years later, the programme was widely seen as a liability. As political discourse about GTMO grew more critical, how did the detention programme’s official discourse evolve? What does this discourse tell us about the endurance of states of exception? Scholarship on GTMO emphasizes the exceptional status of the site, but often overlooks the broader military system of which the base is one part, as well as the ways GTMO has changed over time. To examine changes in the official discourse of the detention programme, this article undertakes visual and discourse analysis of 438 issues of The Wire, the official newspaper of the programme. The analysis identifies various changes, most notably that the newspaper switched format in late 2006, from military bulletin to lifestyle magazine. The Wire shifted from situating GTMO on the front lines of the War on Terror, to characterizing the base as a site of recreation. The Wire also changed from emphasizing the exceptional events of the War on Terror, to situating the detention programme within a longer history of unending conflict. These changes revitalized the exception of indefinite detention and perpetual warfare. This study shows that systems of exceptional violence are perpetuated not just through banal, normalizing processes, but also through discourses of leisure, therapy, and personal achievement.

A Study on the Buddhist Naval Force of the Jeolla Jwa Naval Base, Uiseungsugun, and Its Post Heungguk Buddhist Temple in Joseon

A Study on the Buddhist Naval Force of the Jeolla Jwa Naval Base, Uiseungsugun, and Its Post Heungguk Buddhist Temple in Joseon

Hitler’s Northern Utopia: Building the New Europe in Occupied Europe

History has addressed the many wishful and often contradictory dreams within Nazi Germany’s polity pertaining to Europe’s future. Few survived the imperatives of war, but many of those that did caused devastating effects. The idea of a European New Order, central to this book—an ambiguous notion in the first place—crumbled as Adolf Hitler’s war fortunes disappeared.Various disciplines have brought value added to the historical understanding of the Nazi endeavors and visions, including architecture. Stratigakos’ book elaborates the character and purpose of Nazi physical aesthetics and the Nazi assumption that technology complemented nature. By focusing on Norway, Stratigakos successfully explicates the utopian dreams of a society holding a privileged position in the Nazi racial hierarchy.The short introduction neither assesses relevant scholarship nor raises an overall research question. Stratigakos describes the book’s purpose only indirectly—to show how “the physical conditions for a national socialist revolution in Norway would … involve developing novel forms and types of architecture in response to native landscapes and traditions” (8). The first chapter convincingly shows the romanticizing of Norway by the press and how it connected to Nazi racial prejudices. Each of the chapters that follow deals with construction plans and programs. The first chapter presents the general infrastructure program covering roads, bridges, railroads, and the highway project intended to connect Trondheim to the European network. The next chapter discusses a program for building soldiers’ homes. Chapter 3 deals with the ambition to shape urban landscapes when resurrecting bombed towns, and Chapter 4 details the plans for building a large new German city close to Trondheim.All four chapters, even the slightly out of place section on the Lebensborn interior in Chapter 2, impressively narrate how the expression of a magnificent Germanness, and the creation of a National Socialist community with and among the Norwegians, was supposed to unfold through construction and architecture. Grounded in scholarship and new sources, these chapters are all informative and convincing. The conclusion, however, is disappointing. A redundant narrative about legacies and impacts, it does not produce a synthesis from the material that precedes it, leaving an unresolved ambiguity and a failure to take account of methodological limitations.The chapters show wishful thinking and aborted plans. The highway to Trondheim, the polar railway to Kirkenes, and the new town near Trondheim never came to fruition. Given that few of the new buildings materialized and that the scheme for soldiers’ homes was only partly implemented, why does Stratigakos methodically treat the projects as though they left legacies and long-term impacts? An answer may lie in the following quotation: “The superhighway between Trondheim and Berlin may not have gotten off the drawing board, but many roads were built, especially in northern Norway and coastal areas” (230). The problem, however, is that Stratigakos does not discuss a wider road program. Be that as it may, the roads that the Nazis did manage to build reflected not a vision of German Autobahn aesthetics nor an idyll of future peacetime tourism but the practical wartime imperative of bearing the weight of heavy military vehicles. Similarly, the new town near Trondheim was planned as a heavy naval base because the Nazis envisioned the area as a bridgehead for the North Atlantic and the polar waters. Trondheim was the chosen destination for the projected new highway because the new naval installation nearby could have held 300,000 Germans. Arguably, the anticipated highway’s function would have matched that of the anticipated main Highway IV stretching from Poland through the Caucasus to reach the large German population supposed to be working the Soviet oilfields.Stratigakos’ focus on architectural aesthetics and design may not have been the best methodology for a study of the Nazis’ pipe dreams and harebrained schemes in Norway; it obscures the exigencies of war and existing resource constraints. She might have avoided the ambiguities in the book had she formulated a research design justified by the relevant historiography.

Handling and Restraint of Illegal Immigrants by The Office of Immigration and The Indonesian Naval Base in Bengkulu

The area of ​​Indonesian marine waters is very large and requires effective protection and security. The Bengkulu Naval Base carries out its functions in order to improve security and control of the sea in strategic areas, especially in the national waters that are included in the zone of Bengkulu Province. Large areas of the sea are often used by foreign immigrants to enter Indonesian jurisdiction. This makes it a threat both factual and potential, so that coordination of security in the area, especially the maritime border, is needed by presenting good synergy between agencies in handling these illegal immigrants. The Immigration Office as the holder of the enforcement function for immigration matters needs to coordinate with other agencies. This study is to analyze the handling and restraint of illegal immigrants by the Bengkulu Immigration Office and Naval Base. In this study, the data collection process was carried out by using interview, observation, and documentation study methods. Data analysis begins with data collection, data condensation, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of research with qualitative methods, it shows that; (1) in implementing synergy it is influenced by several factors, among others; facilities and infrastructure, the criteria for each agency as well as the characteristics of the partnerships formed based on the Foreigner Supervision Team Program: (2) The restraint to the implementation of this synergy are the limited budget provided, minimal facilities and infrastructure, as well as refugee conventions to date. still not ratified: and (3) the strategy of the two agencies implemented is to hold joint meetings involving vertical and horizontal elements. Keywords: Illegal immigrants, naval base, navy, restraint

Interés geoestratégico de las Islas Baleares y actividades de reconocimiento aéreo de la Royal Air Force (1941-1944)

La localización geoestratégica de las Baleares en el centro de la cuenca occidental del Mediterráneo, y su utilidad como base naval y aérea, ayudó a que las islas fueron observadas y vigiladas por las fuerzas del eje y los aliados durante la segunda guerra mundial. Desde octubre de 1941 hasta marzo de 1944 las Baleares fueron objeto de un minucioso seguimiento a través de las fotografías aéreas verticales realizadas por vuelos de reconocimiento de las fuerzas aéreas británicas que salían desde Gibraltar. Estas fotografías eran utilizadas para realizar informes al gabinete de guerra sobre la situación en los puertos y aeródromos de las islas. Además, las diversas imágenes fotográficas, que tenían un grado de resolución muy elevado, fueron utilizadas en los informes especiales de interpretación para cada isla. Estos estudios técnicos de fotointerpretación realizan un análisis territorial exhaustivo, idóneo para una eventual ocupación militar. Las fotografías aéreas descubiertas son de gran interés, porque, mediante la georeferenciación, hacen posible los estudios geomorfológicos, biogeográficos, de usos del suelo, de cultivos, de la red viaria, de las infraestructuras, de la evolución urbana, o, incluso, de las primeras instalaciones turísticas a principios de los años 40 del siglo pasado.

Representasi Sejarah dan Dampak Perang Dunia II dalam Komik Kono Sekai No Katasumi Ni Karya Fumiyo Kouno

This study aims to find out and understand the representation of the history of World War II and the impact of World War II on the Japanese, especially the people who live in Kure in the comic Kono Sekai no Katasumi ni by Fumiyo Kouno. The method used in this study is the descriptive analysis method. The theory used in this study is the theory of New Historicism by Stephen Greenbalt. The results show, there are five historical facts, the establishment of tonarigumi, the creation of the tatemono sokai policy, the air attack on Kure, the attack on the Hiro Naval Base, and the dropping of Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima, which also affected Kure area which is 20 kilometres to southeast Hiroshima. In addition, as a result of the occurrence of World War II, the mindset of the Japanese people regarding war changed from those previously zealous in warfare to preferring to maintain peace. On the other hand, the impact of World War II is still being felt today by the Japanese people, especially for victims who survived and were still alive until the time this comic was published.

Un rapporto di Ferigo Foscari, Bailo veneto a Costantinopoli nel 1795: “l’Arsenale dei Dardanelli”

Abstract The report of Bailo Ferigo Foscari dated April 10, 1795, protect in the Venetian State Archive today, includes an unpublished architectural drawing about the renovation of Gallipoli Shipyard that with its strategic location and production capacity one of the most important naval bases of the Ottoman Empire. The drawing, which is among the “Senato Dispacci Costantinopoli” documents that not only provides contributions to the history studies by shedding light on the political and military developments of the periods in terms of Venetian-Ottoman relations in archival studies, but also is an extremely valuable evidence that contributes to the art and architectural history as a visually documenting the Gallipoli shipyard, which has not survived to the present day.