Psychological Nature Research Articles

Социально-психологические проблемы преподавателей при социальной изоляции

Ihe coronavirus pandemic has made significant changes in all areas of human life, It has affectted teaching activities among other things, This article is devoted to the issue of identifying socio-psychological problems which has been arised for teachers when it has been organizing distance education of subject “physical culture”. The relevance of the topic to which the article is devoted is due to the peculiarity of the current economic and social situation in the world community in general, and in Russia in particular, as a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic and the announced quarantine measures, the paradigm of education is changing, The above mentioned features of the current state of Affairs cause an urgent need to modernize the system of higher professional education.
 Due to the fact that at this stage the human community is mainly digital and systemic, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the transition of education to the e-learning format was accelerated.The purpose of the study, the results of which are presented in this article is to identify the socio-psychological problems of teaching disciplines related to physical activity that arise in teachers in the conditions of distance learning during quarantine social isolation. The accelerated process of transferring universities to distance learning inevitably caused and still causes a critical attitude, determined by a number of problems of a psychological, pedagogical, legal, economic and technological nature. educational institutions in modern conditions should set fundamentally new tasks in the direction of training specialists. Higher education institutions should strive to develop students ' critical thinking, the ability to self-regulate and, most importantly, self-organized learning.

The value of women coming together: Effects and practices of a gender-focused community intervention funded by a government agency.

The gender focus has been incorporated into public policies as a strategy to reduce gender inequity and overcome discriminatory stereotype behaviors. However, the state or institutional feminism has been questioned for being uncritical and not very transformative, where the critical and transformative nature of community psychology offer valuable opportunities. In this context, effects and practices of a community intervention funded by a government agency and aimed at the de-naturalization of gender stereotypes and its consequences in everyday life with vulnerable women, mostly older adults, are analyzed. Using a qualitative methodology, interviews and focus groups with women who participated in the intervention, community leaders, and key actors were conducted. A total of 46 people took part in the investigation. Data were analyzed using Grounded Theory. Facilitating and hindering factors influencing the gender-focused community intervention implemented were identified. Furthermore, effects linked to community participation among women are regarded as affirmative acts in response to social vulnerability, with self-care, co-care, and empowerment regarding gender stereotypes standing out as the main results. Finally, the value of women's gatherings in community spaces, linking them with the contributions of feminist theory, and outline points of tension and challenges facing gender-focused community interventions are discussed.

Positive expectations predict improved mental-health outcomes linked to psychedelic microdosing

Psychedelic microdosing describes the ingestion of near-threshold perceptible doses of classic psychedelic substances. Anecdotal reports and observational studies suggest that microdosing may promote positive mood and well-being, but recent placebo-controlled studies failed to find compelling evidence for this. The present study collected web-based mental health and related data using a prospective (before, during and after) design. Individuals planning a weekly microdosing regimen completed surveys at strategic timepoints, spanning a core four-week test period. Eighty-one participants completed the primary study endpoint. Results revealed increased self-reported psychological well-being, emotional stability and reductions in state anxiety and depressive symptoms at the four-week primary endpoint, plus increases in psychological resilience, social connectedness, agreeableness, nature relatedness and aspects of psychological flexibility. However, positive expectancy scores at baseline predicted subsequent improvements in well-being, suggestive of a significant placebo response. This study highlights a role for positive expectancy in predicting positive outcomes following psychedelic microdosing and cautions against zealous inferences on its putative therapeutic value.

Fatores de risco para baixa adesão ao tratamento farmacológico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica na Atenção Primária à Saúde

Objetivo: Analisar na literatura científica os fatores de risco para baixa adesão ao tratamento farmacológico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) em pacientes atendidos em centros de atenção primária à saúde (APS). Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura integrativa de caráter descritivo, realizada através da pesquisa de artigos científicos indexados nos portais PubMed, BVS e SciELO. Resultados: A pesquisa nas bases de dados resultou na seleção de 18 artigos, obedecendo aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos. Constatou-se que os principais fatores de risco para a baixa adesão medicamentosa são aqueles de cunho social, clínico e psicológico, destacando-se também elementos relacionados aos serviços de saúde. Considerações finais: A baixa adesão ao tratamento farmacológico da HAS pode ser favorecida por uma grande variedade e heterogeneidade de elementos, o que impacta negativamente o controle da doença no contexto da APS. Os fatores de risco identificados são relevantes para a elaboração de estudos posteriores que possibilitem o planejamento e execução de intervenções efetivas.

The Practice of Experimental Psychology: An Inevitably Postmodern Endeavor.

The aim of psychology is to understand the human mind and behavior. In contemporary psychology, the method of choice to accomplish this incredibly complex endeavor is the experiment. This dominance has shaped the whole discipline from the self-concept as an empirical science and its very epistemological and theoretical foundations, via research practice and the scientific discourse to teaching. Experimental psychology is grounded in the scientific method and positivism, and these principles, which are characteristic for modern thinking, are still upheld. Despite this apparently stalwart adherence to modern principles, experimental psychology exhibits a number of aspects which can best be described as facets of postmodern thinking although they are hardly acknowledged as such. Many psychologists take pride in being “real natural scientists” because they conduct experiments, but it is particularly difficult for psychologists to evade certain elements of postmodern thinking in view of the specific nature of their subject matter. Postmodernism as a philosophy emerged in the 20th century as a response to the perceived inadequacy of the modern approach and as a means to understand the complexities, ambiguities, and contradictions of the times. Therefore, postmodernism offers both valuable insights into the very nature of experimental psychology and fruitful ideas on improving experimental practice to better reflect the complexities and ambiguities of human mind and behavior. Analyzing experimental psychology along postmodern lines begins by discussing the implications of transferring the scientific method from fields with rather narrowly defined phenomena—the natural sciences—to a much broader and more heterogeneous class of complex phenomena, namely the human mind and behavior. This ostensibly modern experimental approach is, however, per se riddled with postmodern elements: (re-)creating phenomena in an experimental setting, including the hermeneutic processes of generating hypotheses and interpreting results, is no carbon copy of “reality” but rather an active construction which reflects irrevocably the pre-existing ideas of the investigator. These aspects, analyzed by using postmodern concepts like hyperreality and simulacra, did not seep in gradually but have been present since the very inception of experimental psychology, and they are necessarily inherent in its philosophy of science. We illustrate this theoretical analysis with the help of two examples, namely experiments on free will and visual working memory. The postmodern perspective reveals some pitfalls in the practice of experimental psychology. Furthermore, we suggest that accepting the inherently fuzzy nature of theoretical constructs in psychology and thinking more along postmodern lines would actually clarify many theoretical problems in experimental psychology.

Sexual Disorders and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease.

IntroductionSexual disorders are the most neglected nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although doctors seek greater priority to motor manifestations, which are the basis for the diagnosis of PD, the nonmotor symptoms deserve to be highlighted as much as the motor problems because of their strong presence and discomfort in the patients, causing the important impairment in the quality of life (QoL) of the individual with PD.AimProvide the prevalence of sexual disorders among patients with PD and alert the medical profession to investigate and be familiar with problems related to QoL and sexual disorders in PD.MethodsThis is a large literature review on sexual disorders in PD and impaired QoL.Main Outcome MeasuresSexual disorders in PD and prevalence between genders have been described in epidemiological studies. Neuroanatomy, pathophysiology, risk factors, QoL, and etiologies were reviewed.ResultsThe estimate of the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in the form of compulsive sexual behavior in PD is higher in men by 5.2% than in women by 0.5%. This diagnosis is a determinant of intense and persistent suffering and is related to several health problems of a social, economic, personal, family, psychological, and occupational nature, which can even culminate in sexual abuse. It is most commonly associated with the use of drugs commonly used in PD therapy in 98.1% of cases. In addition to this serious public health problem, another common condition of sexual dysfunction occur with the decreased libido by loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine proper of the pathophysiology of PD.ConclusionThe presence of sexual disorders in PD should be tracked and monitored because of its harmful consequences, whether due to increased sexual behavior or associated psychological distress, as well as the impacts on QoL. Early recognition and adequate treatment of PD in its fullness and richness of associated symptoms are essential for improving QoL.Santa Rosa Malcher CM, Roberto da Silva Gonçalves Oliveira K, Fernandes Caldato MC, et al. Sexual Disorders and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease. Sex Med 2021;9:100280.

The complementarity of sociology and psychology and their general scientific significance

The nature of sociology and psychology is clarified accounting for the achievements of modern philosophy of science. The general scientific significance of these sciences is determined in accordance with said clarification. Any scientific theory functions, in particular, in the form of group and individual theories. In this connection, the general scientific significance of sociology and psychology becomes evident. The status of sociology is primarily determined by the study of group theories that have general scientific significance. The status of psychology is determined by individual theories. Its priority in this area is also indisputable. Therefore, same as sociology, psychology presents a science of auxiliary nature. Auxiliary sciences are necessary for the development of the content of the independent sciences. Unfortunately, the mainstream tendency is that both sociology and psychology are considered independent branches of science. In this regard, the status of sociology is determined by a certain class of social phenomena, and the status of psychology is determined by mental processes.

The role of the Internet in modern education of China

The article discusses the challenges and benefits of using the Internet in China’s modern education in the context of the national strategy to accelerate the development of digital technology and create digital China. Positive and negative effects of penetration of online technologies into the social and educational spheres are analyzed. The article presents modern legislative acts designed to minimize the negative effects of physiological and psychological nature from the uncontrolled functioning of a person in a virtual social and educational space. The current state of the legislative framework for the use of the Internet in education in China is considered.

Соціально-психологічні чинники конфліктів на підприємстві

The article is aimed at researching the socio-psychological features of interaction between participants in the labor process, which are factors of conflicts in the social and labor sphere. The article considers conflict as one of the variants for the development of social relations, which arises in case of violation of their balance. It is proved that conflicts arise under the influence of a complex system of factors that have a social and psychological nature. The scholars’ views on the essence of social and psychological factors of conflict are considered. It is proved that the factors, directly related to joint activities and relationships, affecting the proneness to conflict in the staff of an organization, are: organizational culture, socio-psychological climate, leadership (which characterize the social component of interaction); socio-psychological personality traits, orientation and personality type (which characterize the psychological component of interaction). The essence of each factor is considered and its impact on the occurrence and development of conflict is determined. The consequences of both positive and negative impact of socio-psychological factors on the conflict are specified. The publication uses methods of generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis – to understand the essence of conflict as a certain stage of social interaction, to study the socio-psychological factors of the conflict; graphical method – for clarification of data and schematic representation of the main provisions of the research. The carried out studies will contribute to the development of an efficient strategy and tactics for resolving conflicts, their faster settlement, and the use of effective mechanisms for their forecasting; a system approach to conflict management in order to prevent unconstructive conflict interactions in labor collectives will allow to take into account socio-psychological aspects of interaction between participants in the labor process.

The impact of psychological factor on the aircraft operation safety

Awareness of the radio exchange problems and the robust skills of recognizing and eliminating errors in radio communication will help to free up time and attention for the pilot and air traffic controller (ATC) to efficiently carry out their main professional functions in any circumstances. It is vitally important for pilots and ATCs in stressful situations not to focus their attention on the foreign language interaction that is the activity that only accompanies their main job performance. Analysis of aircraft accident investigation reports shows that language-related accidents mostly have psychological nature. The authors suggest a range of mental and psychophysiological qualities that determine professional competence and reliability of pilots and ATC. They also identify the sources of neuropsychic stress in critical situation and the ways to overcome it. The research results enable to design a language training model based on the analysis of the last-minute records and aircraft accident and incident reports to be able to identify typical problems of radio exchange, fatal language errors which led or could lead to a disaster. The research is aimed at improving aircraft operation and eventually increasing flight safety.

Біхевіористичний підхід в управлінні

The article is aimed at researching the behavioral approach in management, studying the psychological regularities of management activities. The article proves that the behavioral approach in management is aimed at the joint interaction of economic processes and economic thinking of the subject who makes managerial decisions, or groups of subjects, taking into account the factors influencing managerial decisions of both economic and psychological nature. A study of economic thinking of the subject making managerial decisions, or groups of subjects as a structural component of economic consciousness, is presented. The essence of economic consciousness as a higher level of reflection by the subject of economic relations of economic phenomena is analyzed. It is identified that economic consciousness is closely related to economic behavior, acting as a rational basis for subjective mechanisms of such behavior. The perceptive sphere of economic behavior of the decision-making entity or groups of subjects, which is based on his or their professional experience obtained in the a posterior period, is distinguished, which becomes the basis for ensuring a higher level of efficiency of managerial decisions, a new form of economic thinking, unconscious perception in the economy. It is determined that the correct economic thinking ensures rational management of economic activity on the scale of the national economy. It is proved that the behavioral approach in management encourages to abandon the fundamental abstraction of any factors of economic relations of a non-economic nature and thereby attributing all the effect achieved by the economic system to economic relations only.

ПОСТСОВЕТСКАЯ НОВАЯ ДРАМА: МАКРО- И МИКРОВСЕЛЕННАЯ КОНСТАНТИНА СТЕШИКА

The authors focus on the phenomenon of drama written by Konstantin Steshik, a young Belarusian playwright who writes in Russian. Describing and analysing this phenomenon is the aim of the researchers. The lack of research into the playwright's work is the reason for the novelty of the study. The relevance is determined by the demand for Steshik's plays in contemporary Russian theatre. The playwright's creative competence is proved by his numerous victories in Russian and international drama contests. The authors consider Stesik's work in the unity of the playwright's macro- and microcosm: the inner world of the characters and the circumstances they find themselves in. One of the authors' important tasks is to determine the foundation for Steshik's work. A historical and theatrical overview from Soviet Belarusian drama to the works of the authors associated with the well-known Belarusian Free Theatre association reveals not exactly the foundation, but the soil on which the phenomenon involved mainly grows. The authors note the close connection of Steshik's work to the phenomenon of post-Soviet «new drama». With its appearance on the territory of the CIS countries, social problems come to the forefront in contemporary theatre, and there arises a theme of reflection on the past, both in a positive and a negative way. In the final part of the article, the authors analyse the peculiarities of Steshik's poetics. The analysis made it possible to register the striking artistic uniqueness of the playwright's creative style. Steshik's plays clearly expand the scope of the post-Soviet «new drama». His voice stands out against the sharp social discourse of contemporary playwrights. Vivid metaphors, close to the traditions of «magic realism» literature, are mixed with psychological naturalism in an original way

Distance technologies in sustainable education: the case of Ukraine during the coronavirus pandemic

Sustainable education systems in tertiary institutions aim to reduce the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. To identify the readiness of educational institutions for current and future problems, a survey was conducted among a representative number of teachers and students. The purpose is to substantiate the importance of distance technologies for sustainable education in Ukraine. As the result, we’ll have fine tools to select the best distance technologies for education that can fully support academic communication. The conducted studies allowed us to conclude that distance technologies expand the accessibility of sustainable education. However, we also The article identifies problems in the introduction of distance technologies into the system of sustainable education of a technical, organizational and psychological nature. However, the pandemic motivated teachers to actively explore the new possibilities of distance technologies, as well as to implement them in the educational process. The inclusion of online education into classical education makes it possible to expand competencies through specialized training and professional platforms, significantly improving the quality of education. A feature of the spread of distance technologies in Ukraine has become a one-time, large-scale implementation of them in the educational process, which ensures the stability of educational systems in the future.

Digitalization of education and its impact on the teaching of foreign languages to students of technical universities

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of digitalization of education in the framework of teaching foreign languages to students of technical universities. On the basis of the theoretical study of the informative features of the digitalization processes in the field of education, the authors point out the basic components in the system of digital foreign language teaching for students of technical universities. The article also discusses a number of disadvantages and advantages of the social, psychological, organizational and pedagogical nature of this system, reflecting the relevance of the problem of digitalization of training procedures, as well as the absolute transition to distance learning in the current requirements of the development of higher education.

МІГРАЦІЙНІ ЗАГРОЗИ СУЧАСНОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА

The paper studies the migration as a threat to international and national security in the development of globalization processes in modern society. The main causes of migration, which include motives of political, financial, social, psychological and motivational nature, are identified. The main centers of attraction of migrants in 2000-2019 are analyzed and it is established that the European continent is characterized by a high level of attraction of migrants during the last 20 years. The level of dependence between the transformation of the regulatory framework for migration processes and the total number of migrants in the European region and determined that during 2000-2010 there was an increase in migration flows by 22.28%, during 2010-2019 there is a positive trend, change in the number migrants to the European region is 17.65%, and the overall increase in migrants during 2000-2019 is 43.85%. The regulatory acts in the field of migration, which were implemented by the EU during 2000-2019, are analyzed. The main reasons for regulating migration processes are identified, such as: scale of migration flows, aggravation and increase of interethnic conflicts, threat of terrorist acts, increase of crime migrants 'established norms of behavior and cultural traditions, deterioration of psychological climate and relations with other countries, non-compliance with migrants' established norms of behavior and cultural traditions, non-compliance with migrants of host country legislation, and as a result slow process of integration of migrants into the host community. who come with food, shelter and solutions to their social problems. It is established that in order to reduce the intensity of the migration flow, the recipient countries are starting to introduce quotas for labor migration, such as age requirements, professional quotas and proof of qualification and language skills. The connection between migration and security in national security and defense strategies in the EU member states is determined.

Realization of the artistic potential of the personality of students in the educational process: on the example of a pedagogical university

The article is devoted to the comprehension of modern problems of the development of the creative potential of the personality of students of a pedagogical university. The psychological and pedagogical nature of creative thinking is studied and emphasized, in accordance with which methods and conditions of teaching that need to be transformed are proposed. Taking into account the intensity of the influence of the informational space, the peculiarities of training and creative activity of students are also considered. A scientific method for the formation of creative ideas at the stage of search is proposed. The pedagogical conditions and requirements for teachers of the pedagogical department are formulated, which are necessary for the successful development of students’ creative abilities. The proposals for stimulating the creative and cognitive activity of students are generalized, namely, for their inclusion in exhibition and project activities throughout the entire course of study. The features of the development of the artistic potential of a student’s personality in artistic and educational activities are taken into account, the characteristics of the main level of development is given.

Опыт организации дистанционного режима обучения для детей с инвалидностью и особыми образовательными потребностями в общеобразовательной школе

The work is devoted to the peculiarities of organizing distance learning for children with disabilities in a comprehensive school during the Covid-19 pandemic. At the Secondary School No. 105 in Novosibirsk, the project “A look at distance learning from the inside: the day through the eyes of a child with disabilities” has been implemented. Questions of a psychological and pedagogical nature and personal problems of integration of students with disabilities into a modern society are discussed. It is concluded that solving problems in the organization of distance learning for children with disabilities allows creating favorable conditions for integration into society: taking into account the individual-typological characteristics of such children, providing an opportunity to choose technical teaching aids, teaching them to use these technical means independently.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО СТРЕСУ В ОСОБЛИВИХ УМОВАХ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article is devoted to the consideration of psychological preconditions for the study of professional stress in special conditions of activity. It is noted that modern psychology presents a wide range of concepts and corresponding models of occupational stress. This diversity reflects the difference in research positions in understanding what stress is and how this concept can be operationalized. In addition to the classic dilemma in the initial interpretation of the term "stress" as a set of causes and factors that cause increased tension and complicate the solution of behavioral problems, or the actual state of the subject, which arises from various complications, in recent years a number of new theories and their empirical applications. The development of most concepts of occupational stress is associated with the awareness of the need to analyze indirect factors and / or individual characteristics that play a fundamental role in the development of stress reactions and their fixation in the form of persistent negative manifestations. Research in the field of occupational stress in general has an empirical focus and is a description of various factors that determine the development of stress, methods and mechanisms of human adaptation to working conditions, a set of diagnostic techniques and optimization procedures. The development of stress is due to a large number of reasons, an important place among which are factors of psychological and social nature. The severity and phenomenology of stress in a particular person depend on the characteristics of the emotional and personal sphere, individual experience and the context of group and organizational interactions within which professional activities are carried out.

ЦІЛІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО ЛІДЕРА ДО ВИКОНАННЯ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ

Training of cadets as prospective military leaders at a military educational institution faces the problem of absence of its intelligibly determined goals. Search for solution of this problem in the aspect of pedagogical functions execution by a military leader is the central objective of the research. The other one is to characterize actual conditions which provide realization of determined goals of leader training at a Ukrainian military educational institution. Results of the previous researches analysis demonstrate the necessity of leader pedagogical training on the one hand and the lack of special pedagogical courses in curriculums of many military educational institutions on the other hand. Description of a military leader activity, which is present in the references to foreign research works, clearly points to execution of the pedagogical function by an officer. For example, a military leader is responsible for the professional development of soldiers, their training and informing, regarding the need for and purpose of the military discipline, their duties etc. The content of pedagogical function execution by military leader is determined in the article. It consists from individual and group training and upbringing soldiers, self-study and self-upbringing. The goals a military leader training are presented as a complex of special knowledge and skills which are necessary for execution of pedagogical function. They are determined particularly for stages of training or upbringing action: preparing, execution and self-assessment of pedagogical activity based on results of an action. The knowledge and skills that correspond to the process of formation of military unit cohesion are determined from the complex of knowledge and skills related to upbringing. And this direction of military leader's activity is emphasized, due to it's significant importance. Knowledge and skills of self-study and self-upbringing are viewed in the separate block. Groups of both explicitly pedagogical knowledge and skills and other ones with psychological and communicative nature are considered. Actual conditions for defined training goals implementation at a higher military educational institution are studied by way of example of Military Institute of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. It is remarked that cadets of Politology and Psychology specialities have sufficient pedagogical training, but cadets of other specialities gain knowledge that lack significant pedagogical content. So, they have no pedagogical practicum. The list of academic disciplines helpful for a military leader is proposed. It includes extensive pedagogical aspects for this in view.

British Psychology and the Media: Cyril Burt at the BBC

Any balanced assessment of Cyril Burt’s historical significance needs to transcend older genres of the ‘Burt Affair’ and of the ‘great man’, with their emphasis upon Burt’s agency and influence within the theory and practice of psychology in Britain in the early and mid-twentieth century. In line with more contemporary approaches, Burt provides a case study that addresses the wider question of how psychological thought and practice mediated understanding of the self, and the intersection of differing views of human nature with a range of social, economic, political and ethical issues. In particular, there are issues of the nature of psychology, the authority of its exponents, and its relevance to the anxieties and aspirations of the British public during the interwar period. Two themes exemplify this – public confusion of psychology with Freudian psychoanalysis and both with the study of sex, and secondly the role psychologists as public scientific intellectuals. Any omission of Burt from these broader considerations risks distortion of our understanding of both psychology and of Britain during this period.