Natural Explanation Research Articles

Incentivizing compliance behaviors with investment goods in pandemic preparedness and resilience

ABSTARCT To understand non-compliance behaviors in investment goods in pandemic preparedness and resilience, we resort to a form of bounded rationality that people suffer from a lack of self-control due to “present bias”, and differ in their sophistication levels (the degree to which they are aware of such compliance barriers). We focus on (i) the manufacturer’s pricing strategy under an advance selling framework, and (ii) the subsidy policy to mitigate under-adoption, to generate operational insights. We show that subsidizing the manufacturer is more cost-effective than subsidizing consumers, because the latter subsidy will not fully trickle down to consumers when the manufacturering manipulates prices in response. In particular, when the subsidy program is budget-constrained, the manufacturer subsidy should be provided only in the spot period. In contrast, when the budget constraint is relaxed, subsidies in both periods should be provided. Surprisingly, such a subsidy program has non-monotone impacts on consumers’ adoption quantities. Intuitively, this is because the spot-period subsidy induces consumers’ non-compliance behaviors in the advance period. In response, the manufacturer/seller will shift to a pricing strategy that may further reduce the advance-selling quantity. This result provides a natural explanation to reconcile the mixed effects of adoption subsidies.

Dated Truths Without Dated Powers

AbstractDispositionalism is the theory of modality according to which all (metaphysical and natural) modal truths are made true by some actual irreducibly dispositional property. The relationship between Dispositionalism and time is yet to be satisfactorily explored. In this paper we contribute to this task by examining how Dispositionalism deals with ‘dated truths’: propositions involving a specific time, e.g. “It might rain at 12.30”. We examine two possible accounts: the first, 'Dated Manifestations Strategy', is the idea that powers are very fine-grained, and tend towards temporally very specific manifestations. We argue that such strategy should not be adopted, for it leads to unnecessary violations of ontological parsimony; it is unable to accommodate an ontology of platonic universals; and it is incapable of offering a principled explanation of the forward-looking nature of powers. We offer an alternative account, the "Duration Strategy", which relies on an independently determined arrow of time and the existence of some “duration facts” that specify how long a power takes to bring about its manifestation. We argue that the Duration Strategy is to be preferred. We then flesh out the account by exploring the connection between powers, duration facts, and processes.

Knowledge-Augmented Visual Question Answering With Natural Language Explanation.

Visual question answering with natural language explanation (VQA-NLE) is a challenging task that requires models to not only generate accurate answers but also to provide explanations that justify the relevant decision-making processes. This task is accomplished by generating natural language sentences based on the given question-image pair. However, existing methods often struggle to ensure consistency between the answers and explanations due to their disregard of the crucial interactions between these factors. Moreover, existing methods overlook the potential benefits of incorporating additional knowledge, which hinders their ability to effectively bridge the semantic gap between questions and images, leading to less accurate explanations. In this paper, we present a novel approach denoted the knowledge-based iterative consensus VQA-NLE (KICNLE) model to address these limitations. To maintain consistency, our model incorporates an iterative consensus generator that adopts a multi-iteration generative method, enabling multiple iterations of the answer and explanation in each generation. In each iteration, the current answer is utilized to generate an explanation, which in turn guides the generation of a new answer. Additionally, a knowledge retrieval module is introduced to provide potentially valid candidate knowledge, guide the generation process, effectively bridge the gap between questions and images, and enable the production of high-quality answer-explanation pairs. Extensive experiments conducted on three different datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed KICNLE model over competing state-of-the-art approaches. Our code is available at https://github.com/Gary-code/KICNLE.

Proca stars with dark photons from spontaneous symmetry breaking of the scalar field dark matter

Recently, the Scalar Field Dark Matter (SFDM) model (also known as Fuzzy, Wave, Bose-Einstein, Ultra-light Dark Matter) has gained a lot of attention because it has provided simpler and more natural explanations for various phenomena observed in galaxies, as a natural explanation for the center of galaxies, the number of satellite galaxies around their host and, more recently, a natural explanation for anomalous trajectories of satellite galaxies called Vast Polar Orbits (VPO) observed in various galaxies. In the present work we study the assumption that the SFDM is a type of charged dark boson whose gauge charge is associated with the Dark Photon (DP). Inspired by these results, we study the formation of compact bosonic objects, such as Boson Stars (BS) and focus on the possibility that, due to spontaneous U(1) SFDM symmetry breaking, the DP may acquire mass and form compact objects like Proca Stars (PS). If this is true, we can expect measurable effects on the electromagnetic field of the Standard Model (SM) of particles due to their interaction with the DP on the formation of compact objects.

Pseudo-Mysterianism of Colin McGinn

Colin McGinn claims that there is a naturalistic solution of the mind-body problem, but it is not constructive. That is, according to him, there is a natural and simple explanation of consciousness-brain interaction; however, because of our limited cognitive capacity we can never specify the link between the mind and the brain. Scientific explanation of the problem cannot be possible, so solution of the consciousness problem will remain an epistemic mystery for human beings. McGinn’s theory which is the basis of his mysterianism, is called Transcendental Naturalism (TN), and he formulates this theory with three main arguments. The main purpose of this work is to reveal that McGinn's arguments are baseless and that his mysterianism is pseudo-mysterianism. To achieve this purpose, I will discuss TN by respectively analyzing his three main arguments and their problematic aspects. Firstly, I will draw attention to McGinn’s first argument – I will call it “(i) the argument for naturalism.” Secondly, I will draw attention to the second argument which I will call “(ii) the argument for closure,” and I will show that McGinn’s cognitive closure idea on which epistemic mystery of consciousness is mainly based is also problematic. After briefly explaining his last argument which I will call “(iii) the argument for dissolution,” at the end of this work, I will have manifested that (i)-(iii) are not a satisfactory triad to leave the problem of consciousness to dark side, and McGinn’s mysterianism is pseudo-mysterianism.

Зоолог Сергій Парамонов: Хемогенез — нова теорія еволюції (до 130-річчя від дня народження)

The paper present little-known aspects of the scientific activity of the famous expatriate scientist, world-renowned Ukrainian and Australian zoologist, theoretical biologist, and dipteriologist Sergiy Paramonov (1894–1967). The main purpose of this work is to give a detailed presentation to the scientific community on the important but little-known work of the scientist titled ‘Chemogenesis—A New Theory of Evolution’ (theory of chemogenesis). The role of the Kara Dag scientific station (Crimea, Ukraine) in the formation of the so-called points of scientific growth is shown. The scientist had visited the station several times to carry out dipteriologial research; in 1925, he met the famous Russian scientist S. L. Ivanov whose reconsidered research was used in creating the theory of chemogenesis. Paramonov’s theoretical works written in Ukraine in 1934–1943 and devoted to issues of systematics and its novel chemical methods and of species and speciation are briefly considered. Selected postulates of the theory of chemogenesis are described and analysed in short. The scientist drew special attention to the criticism of Darwin’s theory of natural selection and considered it a brilliant achievement of human thought of the 19th century. Noteworthy is that the theory of chemogenesis does not rely on the recognised scientific significance of related areas of knowledge such as geochemistry and biochemistry, but pulls away from them to prove its own correctness. Paramonov had been seeking the truth but did not claim it; he merely tried to show another way to understand the driving forces of evolution, to show that biologists are ‘barking up the wrong tree.’ A logical mistake keeps existing in biology, when the result (morphogenesis) is considered as the cause, and the cause (chemogenesis) as the results. Eliminating natural selection the scientist understood that he had opened a way to recognise various ‘mysterious’ forces. Although Paramonov did not present a respective philosophical basis for his theory, it is still worth mentioning that the solution for the existing antinomy between the mechanistic theory of natural selection and the theory of chemogenesis with certain elements of teleology lies in the combination of mechanistic and teleological explanation of nature. It is important to take the first steps into the unknown, to understand the incomprehensible, or even to admit ignorance than to engage in the simplification of the problem.

An environmental analysis of public UAP sightings and sky view potential

Sightings of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) or unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP) have been reported throughout history. Given the potential security and safety risks they pose, as well as scientific curiosity, there is increasing interest in understanding what these sighting reports represent. We approach this problem as an important one of the human experience and that can be examined through a geographical lens: what local factors may increase or decrease the number of sighting reports? Using a Bayesian regression method, we test hypotheses based on variables representing sky view potential (light pollution, tree canopy, and cloud cover) and the potential for objects to be present in the sky (aircraft and military installations). The dependent variable includes over 98,000 publicly reported UAP sightings in the conterminous United States during the 20-year period from 2001 to 2020. The model results find credible correlations between variables that suggest people see more “phenomena” when they have more opportunity to. This analysis is one of few investigations of UAP sighting reports at a national scale providing context to help examine individual reports. Given that these objects are labeled unidentifiable in the personal sense, there are many natural and/or human based explanations worth exploring.

From Black Boxes to Actionable Insights: A Perspective on Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Scientific Discovery.

The application of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in the field of chemistry has garnered growing interest for its potential to justify the prediction of black-box machine learning models and provide actionable insights. We first survey a range of XAI techniques adapted for chemical applications and categorize them based on the technical details of each methodology. We then present a few case studies to illustrate the practical utility of XAI, such as identifying carcinogenic molecules and guiding molecular optimizations, in order to provide chemists with concrete examples of ways to take full advantage of XAI-augmented machine learning for chemistry. Despite the initial success of XAI in chemistry, we still face the challenges of developing more reliable explanations, assuring robustness against adversarial actions, and customizing the explanation for different applications and needs of the diverse scientific community. Finally, we discuss the emerging role of large language models like GPT in generating natural language explanations and discusses the specific challenges associated with them. We advocate that addressing the aforementioned challenges and actively embracing new techniques may contribute to establishing machine learning as an indispensable technique for chemistry in this digital era.

Al-Din al-Fit’rat’ Versus ‘Religion of Nature or Naturalism’: The Misunderstood Terms Regarding True Spirit of Islam

The two terms ‘al-Fitrat’ and ‘Nature’ have always been used as synonyms. Books and internet sources including encyclopaedias, provide abundant information based on the concept as these two terms as synonyms. But this paper will reveal that it is a mistake to regard them synonyms. When we expend this concept to Islam as Al-Din Al Fitrat and Western theory of Naturalism and Natural Religions, these terms become ambiguous or having different meanings. Situation becomes more grave when we use the term Nature about something as having some latent and permanent rules, inaccordance with the such thing is bound to work blindly such as the nature of wild animals e.g.snakes, the scorpion, the lion or the fierce phenomenon e.g. the natural forces.
 Application of the term ‘nature’ and use of the term ‘naturalism’ in comparison to Islamic concept of ‘Al-fitrat’is distorting image of Islam as Din al Fitrat. Western concept of ‘Nature’ and ‘Naturalism’ and ‘Natural explanation’, of the Universe are contrary to the concept of Al-Fitrat. The former is cruel, deterministic, and bound force to act according to its own deterministic rules and to act likewise towards other existents. But Islamic concept of ‘al Fitrat’, is neither deterministic nor static. It is creative and kind, that is why God calls himself Al Raheem, al Rehman, and claims that Islam as ‘Din Al- Fitrat’ as well as everyone is born on the basis of ‘al din al fitrat’. So the ‘Nature’ or ‘Naturalism’ does not qualify to be regarded as equal to ‘al-fitrat’. 
 Key Words: 
 Al-Fitrat, Creationism, Free Will and Determinism, Muslim Theology, Nature, Naturalism, Revealed and Natural Religions, Totemism

Модели генезиса общества потребления: от товарного фетишизма к символическому потреблению

In this article, the author aims to answer the question of why consumer society has emerged as one of the main ways in which society describes itself. Many of the possible answers were outlined by social thought before the very concept of consumer society emerged or without reference to it. Nevertheless, taking them into account is important for understanding the process of consumerization. The author of the article offers a classification of theoretical explanations of this phenomenon, consisting of four possible directions: macro-conflict, individual-conflict, macro-functional, individually-functional. Further, the genesis of consumer society is examined as part of the concept of commodity fetishism by K. Marx, in the works on consumption by E. Fromm, in the concept of the society of abundance and demonstrative consumption by T. Veblen, fashion – R. von Jhering – G. Simmel, in the works of P. Bourdieu and other authors. Based on these concepts, the article provides an explanation of the expansive nature of the development of consumer society.

Digital videos in the English as a Second Language classroom

This study aimed at investigating the use of digital videos for L2 development, with the specific objectives of identifying the: 1) frequency of use and the sources of the videos, 2) selection criteria and instructional use, and 3) perception of their benefits. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire with thirteen English teachers from extracurricular courses offered at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. The results showed that 8 teachers reported using videos about 20% of their classes; 1, 40%; 1, 60%; and 3, 80%. Most teachers use videos from YouTube, TED talk videos, DVDs in general, and videos accompanying the textbooks. For the selection criteria, teachers use: video length, authenticity, difficulty level, topic adequacy in relation to the topic in class, grammar and vocabulary presentation in context; and for the instructional use, videos are used mostly to teach vocabulary and grammar, introduce and explain the topics related to the unit, contextualize the language and foster topic discussions, show diversity of language with abstract/poetic language, promote skills development, and prepare for activities. The perceived benefits include contextualization and authentic use of the language, language use in its natural pace, topic introduction and explanation assistance, attractiveness and engagement, delivery of visual input, and use of subtitles. The possible conclusions are that digital videos are present and can contribute for L2 development, and that teachers are capitalizing on their best use in their L2 classrooms.

Cosmologically varying kinetic mixing

The portal connecting the invisible and visible sectors is one of the most natural explanations of the dark world. However, the early-time dark matter production via the portal faces extremely stringent late-time constraints. To solve such tension, we construct the scalar-controlled kinetic mixing varying with the ultralight CP-even scalar’s cosmological evolution. To realize this and eliminate the constant mixing, we couple the ultralight scalar within 10−33eV ≲ m0 ≪ eV with the heavy doubly charged messengers and impose the ℤ2 symmetry under the dark charge conjugation. Via the varying mixing, the keV – MeV dark photon dark matter is produced through the early-time freeze-in when the scalar is misaligned from the origin and free from the late-time exclusions when the scalar does the damped oscillation and dynamically sets the kinetic mixing. We also find that the scalar-photon coupling emerges from the underlying physics, which changes the cosmological history and provides the experimental targets based on the fine-structure constant variation and the equivalence principle violation. To ensure the scalar naturalness, we discretely re-establish the broken shift symmetry by embedding the minimal model into the ℤN-protected model. When N ~ 10, the scalar’s mass quantum correction can be suppressed much below 10−33eV.

High temperature effects in hypersonic double-wedge flow simulations

Numerical simulations of inviscid hypersonic flow over a double-wedge geometry are conducted. High temperature effects are studied using a local thermodynamic equilibrium based model for air. A finite volume based flow solver is developed by combining a weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme with an approximate Riemann solver. An iterative method to compute shock polars under local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions is suggested. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the effects of changes in geometry, upstream temperature, and upstream velocity. A range for the second wedge angle is identified for which the solution becomes oscillatory. An explanation for this oscillatory nature of the solution is suggested. Existence of a hysteresis phenomenon is also identified. A change in the nature of interaction is observed with changes in upstream temperature and upstream velocity. Local thermodynamic equilibrium based results are compared to those obtained using a calorically perfect gas model for air. Significant differences are observed. Effects of viscosity on the flow field are also studied.

Nonlocality, Superposition, and Time in the 4+1 Formalism.

The field of quantum gravity struggles with several problems related to time, quantum measurement, nonlocality, and realism. To address these issues, this study develops a 4+1 formalism featuring a flat 4D spacetime evolving with a second form of time, τ, worldlines that locally conserve momentum, and a hypersurface representing the present. As a function of τ, worldlines can spatially readjust and influences can travel backward or forward in the time dimension along these worldlines, offering a physical mechanism for retrocausality. Three theoretical models are presented, elucidating how nonlocality in an EPR experiment, the arrival time problem, and superposition in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer can be understood within this 4+1 framework. These results demonstrate that essential quantum phenomena can be reproduced in the 4+1 formalism while upholding the principles of realism, locality, and determinism at a fundamental level. Additionally, there is no measurement or collapse problem, and a natural explanation for the quantum-to-classical transition is obtained. Furthermore, observations of a 4D block universe and of the flow of time can be simultaneously understood. With these properties, the presented 4+1 formalism lays an interesting foundation for a quantum gravity theory based on intuitive principles and compatible with our observation of time.

Accretion flows in the hard state of black hole X-ray binaries: the effect of hot gas condensation

ABSTRACT It is commonly believed that accretion discs are truncated and their inner regions are described by advection dominated accretion flows (ADAFs) in the hard spectral state of black hole X-ray binaries. However, the increasing occurrence of a relativistically blurred Fe K α line together with a hard continuum points to the existence of a thin disc located near the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). Assuming the accretion in the hard state is via an ADAF extending to near 100 Schwarzschild radii, which is supplied by either a stellar wind from a companion star or resulting from an evaporated disc, we study the possible condensation of the hot gas during its accretion towards the black hole. It is found that a small fraction of the ADAF condenses into a cold disc as a consequence of efficient radiative cooling at small distances, forming a disc-corona configuration near the ISCO. This takes place for low accretion rates corresponding to luminosities ranging from ∼10−3 to a few per cent of the Eddington luminosity. The coexistence of the weak inner disc and the dominant hot accretion flow provides a natural explanation of the broad K α line in the hard state. Detailed computations demonstrate that such accretion flows produce a hard X-ray spectrum accompanied by a weak disc component with a negative correlation between the 2 and 10 keV photon index and the Eddington ratio. The predicted spectrum of Cygnus X-1 and the correlation between the photon index and the Eddington ratio are in good agreement with observations.

Interpretable Disease Prediction via Path Reasoning over medical knowledge graphs and admission history

Disease prediction based on patients’ historical admission records is an essential task in the medical field, but current predictive models often lack interpretability, which is a critical aspect in clinical practice. In this paper, we propose a Knowledge Guided Interpretable Disease Prediction method (KGxDP) via Path Reasoning over Medical Knowledge Graphs and Admission History. In KGxDP, the representation of a patient is formulated via a personalized medical knowledge graph, which is then combined with the patient’s admission sequence embedding to form an inclusive subgraph. This admission sequence embedding is modeled by a Transformer based on the patient’s admission history, capturing the time-based variations of each diagnosis. Furthermore, the subgraph is updated via graph reasoning by using a node-type and edge-type specified Graph Attention Network (GAT) and subsequently combined with admission sequence embedding for disease prediction. This process also facilitates interpretability by extracting critical paths within the subgraphs. Empirical evaluations on public MIMIC-III, MIMIC-IV and eICU datasets demonstrate that KGxDP outperforms state-of-arts models in predicting patients’ future diseases while also providing convincing explanations. The extracted paths are used as prompts for ChatGPT to generates user friendly, understandable Natural Language Explanations (NLE) for the prediction results, which also shows that the extracted paths by KGxDP have strong interpretability. This augmentation in predictive accuracy and explanation reliability holds significant potential to positively impact clinical decision-making.

Progradational‐to‐retrogradational styles of Palaeogene fluvial fan successions in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico

AbstractBasin‐scale outcrop analyses of fluvial architecture in the Palaeogene San Juan Basin, New Mexico, document lateral and vertical trends in channel, floodplain and palaeosol characteristics. Herein, the uppermost part of the Palaeocene Nacimiento Formation and lower Eocene Cuba Mesa and Regina Members of the San Jose Formation are identified as deposits of large fluvial fans based on trends observed across the basin. Stratigraphic trends suggest two packages originated by fluvial fan progradation. Progradation of the lower fan system provides a new explanation for the transitional nature of a disconformity at the Nacimiento–San Jose Formation contact, previously thought to be a low‐angle unconformity. The two fan systems are separated by a retrogradational interval that culminates in a depositional hiatus at the contact between the Cuba Mesa and Regina Members. This, combined with poor age constraints, indicates that the duration of the disconformity at the base of the Cuba Mesa Member may have been overestimated. Furthermore, the succession is interpreted as deposits of variable‐discharge rivers, based on the combined abundance of upper flow regime and high deposition rate sedimentary structures indicative of intense flooding events, preservation of in‐channel bioturbation and paedogenic modification indicating periods of prolonged dryness, lack of identifiable bar strata and alternations of poorly drained and well‐drained floodplain deposits with pedofacies indicating alternating wet–dry cycles. This dataset adds to a growing body of evidence linking the formation of large fluvial fans to discharge variability and thus to hydroclimates with significant inter‐ and intra‐annual precipitation variability and intense rainfall. A long‐term stratigraphic shift from poorly drained to well‐drained floodplain deposits across two progradational fan successions indicates that a predictive model suggesting downstream decreases in soil drainage conditions is not encompassing of all large fan systems, and instead suggests a transition to a more arid climate across the Palaeocene–Eocene boundary.

Cold dust and low [O iii]/[C ii] ratios: an evolved star-forming population at redshift 7

ABSTRACT We present new ALMA Band 8 (rest-frame $90 \ \mu$m) continuum observations of three massive ($M_\star \approx 10^{10}\ \mathrm{ M}_\odot$) galaxies at z ≈ 7 previously detected in [C ii]$158 \ \mu$m and underlying dust continuum emission in the Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS). We detect dust emission from two of our targets in Band 8 (REBELS-25 and REBELS-38), while REBELS-12 remains undetected. Through optically thin modified blackbody fitting, we determine dust temperatures of $T_\mathrm{dust}\approx 30-35\,$ K in both of the dual-band detected targets, indicating they are colder than most known galaxies at z ∼ 7. Moreover, their inferred dust masses are large ($M_\mathrm{dust}\approx 10^{8}\ \mathrm{ M}_\odot$), albeit still consistent with models of high-redshift dust production. We furthermore target and detect [O iii]$88 \ \mu$m emission in both REBELS-12 and REBELS-25, and find $L_\mathrm{[O\, III]}/L_\mathrm{[C\, II]}\approx 1-1.5$ – low compared to the $L_\mathrm{[O\, \rm{\small III}]}/L_\mathrm{[C\, \rm{\small II}]}\gtrsim 2-10$ observed in the known z ≳ 6 population thus far. We argue the lower line ratios are due to a comparatively weaker ionizing radiation field resulting from the less starbursty nature of our targets, although the possibility of REBELS-12 being a merger of an [O iii]-bright and [O iii]-faint component prevents the unambiguous interpretation of its [O iii]/[C ii] ratio. Nevertheless, a low burstiness forms a natural explanation for the cold dust temperatures and low $\mathrm{[O\, \rm{\small III}]}\lambda \lambda 4959,5007+\mathrm{H} \, \beta$ equivalent widths of REBELS-25 and REBELS-38. Overall, these observations provide evidence for the existence of a massive, dust-rich galaxy population at z ≈ 7 which has previously experienced vigorous star formation, but is currently forming stars in a steady, as opposed to bursty, manner.

Working memory and attention in choice.

We study the role of attention and working memory in choices where options are presented sequentially rather than simultaneously. We build a model where a costly attention effort is chosen, which can vary over time. Evidence is accumulated proportionally to this effort and the utility of the reward. Crucially, the evidence accumulated decays over time. Optimal attention allocation maximizes expected utility from final choice; the optimal solution takes the decay into account, so attention is preferentially devoted to later times; but convexity of the flow attention cost prevents it from being concentrated near the end. We test this model with a choice experiment where participants observe sequentially two options. In our data the option presented first is, everything else being equal, significantly less likely to be chosen. This recency effect has a natural explanation with appropriate parameter values in our model of leaky evidence accumulation, where the decline is stronger for the option observed first. Analysis of choice, response time and brain imaging data provide support for the model. Working memory plays an essential role. The recency bias is stronger for participants with weaker performance in working memory tasks. Also activity in parietal areas, coding the stored value in working, declines over time as predicted.

Reconstructing the distortion function of non-local cosmology: A model-independent approach

We consider non-local modifications of General Relativity given by a distortion function in terms of the inverse of the d’Alembert operator. The inclusion of these terms is motivated by the possibility of reproducing the current accelerated expansion of the Universe starting from non-local gravity. In particular, we propose a model-independent method, based on current observations, to reconstruct the shape of the distortion function, without resorting to a specific cosmological history. We describe a numerical procedure based on Padé polynomials that allows us to study the time evolution of the auxiliary scalar fields introduced to localize non-local gravity action. Thus, adopting suitable boundary conditions, we reconstruct the form of the non-local Lagrangian and infer the best analytical approximation of the numerical outcome. Furthermore, the distortion function turns on during the matter-dominated era and its effects are delayed to the most recent cosmic times. This provides a natural explanation for the late cosmic acceleration, avoiding any fine-tuning problem of the cosmological constant. Finally, we compare our predictions with previous findings based on enforcing the standard ΛCDM background in the reconstruction process.