Epistemological Nature Research Articles

Methodological aspects of research in information security

The article discusses the research methodology of the basics of information security. A special place is given to the selection of methodological research tools. This selection was made on the basis of the exclusive importance of the field of information provision in interaction with other directions of state building and national security. At the same time, we note that the raised issue has an interdisciplinary nature due to its inherent legal and structural nature: legal, economic (technological), and moral and psychological components. Under such conditions, the philosophical-dialectical method is extremely important in view of its epistemological nature, which will contribute to the derivation of the author’s conclusions and judgments, which will be characterized by consistency and continuity. The conducted analysis made it possible to reveal that the current summary in terms of understanding the role and significance of the methodological component for the results of our research is the following: from the point of view of the methodology of legal science, the paradigm of information security has a complex structure, which is formed by the elements: law enforcement methodology, the legislation of Ukraine, the systematics of legal norms, explanations of the legal norm, the procedure for implementing the provisions of the law, the legal policy of the state in the field of information security, media culture and media ethics in the application of legislation that regulates the issue of complete access of citizens to sources of information, tactical and strategic directions of activities of entities ensuring security in the use of information, the effectiveness of the application of legislation , law-enforcement examination of departmental regulations regulating relations in the field of information security. Attention is drawn to the fact that any of the listed structural elements of a complete complex of information security can serve as the object of a separate scientific study. The above studies revealed that the selected methodological tools for solving the task of our scientific intelligence will contribute to the professional research of the in-depth component processes of the implementation of measures in the areas of protection of the information space of Ukraine. The application of methodological techniques will allow us to more fully and comprehensively reveal the role of the information security institute in the development of our ideas about the system of measures to ensure the information hygiene of the Ukrainian media, public-legal and private-legal intellectual space, to identify new aspects in its structure and elemental composition.

Reconciling neologisms and the need for precision in tourism epistemology

ABSTRACT Generating and advancing knowledge in tourism can entail the emergence of neologisms: new terms are coined to describe new realities. Given the interdisciplinary and pluralistic nature of tourism epistemology, stakeholders from diverse academic and non-academic domains tend to contribute to generating knowledge, and to negotiating the semantics of neologisms. As a result, tourism neologisms can have diverse discipline and context-specific meanings. This, however, can pose challenges to tourism science, where precision and accuracy are key requirements. A lack of semantic precision can invalidate study results and hinder mutual comprehension in the field. Additionally, the pressure to publish and generate citations in academia can lead tourism scholars to work with neologisms whose meanings are still vague. In this paper, we show how tourism researchers have rushed to adopt the non-academic neologism ‘overtourism’, but frequently failed to contextualise its use or to contribute to a more precise conceptualisation of the term. Our analysis illustrates that this has adverse effects on the quality of the scholarly output. The paper concludes with recommendations for increased precision and accuracy for tourism researchers, lecturers, and journal editors.

Landasan Epistemologi Ilmu dan Aplikasinya dalam Pengembangan Ilmu Manajemen Islam

This article aims to explain the epistemology of science. The method used is library research in the form of references from various ready-to-use library data sources so that it can be used immediately and is not limited by space and time. The main data of articles comes from library data from various sources such as books, journals, articles, official websites, and other internet sources in the form of basic material to the main material about the nature of scientific epistemology. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the analysis show that epistemology is related to the way understanding and knowledge are obtained in the context of Islamic education. It includes sources of knowledge, methods of knowledge, and truth. By understanding the sources of knowledge, knowledge methods, and truths in Islamic education management, it is hoped that educational institutions can make a positive contribution in forming individuals who are knowledgeable, moral, and able to make a positive contribution to society and Muslims as a whole.

Тринадцатая проблема Флориди: о роли понятия информации в обосновании эпистемологии

L. Floridi’s philosophy of information is considered as a complex philosophical project that involves the solution of several tasks that are different in nature: the formation of a philosophical conceptual and categorical apparatus that is consistent with the needs of understanding the information reality, and the involvement of tools of information theory in the context of solving philosophical problems. The key question for this consideration is the question raised by Floridi about the possibility of substantiating epistemology by means of information theory: its content is understood as the substantiation of epistemology and analyzed. Attention is also paid to the relationship of epistemology to information theory as an independent scientific branch. Based on this, the assumptions existing in the litera­ture about the possibilities of interaction between information theory and epistemology in the context of research on cognitive processes are considered. It is shown that the interac­tion of information theory and epistemology proceeds in the direction of naturalization and formalization of epistemological research, i.e., it affects both the content level and organiza­tional level. As a source of examples of new epistemological problems and theoretical diffi­culties associated with the development of the information approach, the debatable objec­tions of a number of authors regarding the ideas of F. Dretske, expressed in the pages of the journal “The Behavioral and Brain Sciences”, are considered. It is noted that the pro­cesses of naturalization and formalization of epistemological studies have a fruitful effect on the organization of the study of classical epistemological problems, expanding the me­thodological possibilities of philosophical search and enriching it with new content. The po­sition according to which the naturalization and formalization of epistemology entails the loss of its own content is critically assessed. In conclusion, the author suggests that the formulation of the question of the possibility of substantiating epistemology by means of information theory, proposed by Floridi, needs some clarification.

Understanding What in Public Understanding of Science

Abstract What should citizens understand about science to participate in democratic life? Against the prevailing approach, we argue that “what” a public understanding of science is about strongly depends on the specific epistemological nature of the science related issues considered in different contexts and circumstances. We identify three specific categories of such issues and show how, equally, specific models of public understanding are required to address them. Only by endorsing such an alternative approach will citizens arguably be able to form sound opinions about those very issues, as well as to discuss and deliberate rationally about them.

Unpacking the epistemic injustice in English medium instruction: an ethnography of Bangladeshi students’ language ideologies in China

ABSTRACT Despite extensive EMI research worldwide, few studies focus on stakeholders’ EMI experiences through the lens of epistemological stance. Informed by ‘epistemic injustice’, this study examines the epistemic nature of EMI policy by examining Bangladeshi students’ language ideologies to understand whose languages, knowledge, and voices are (mis)recognised and (de)legitimised in an EMI programme. Drawing upon an ethnographic study, data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews and relevant policy documents at a university in Southwest China. The findings revealed that the implementation of EMI policy shaped and influenced Bangladeshi students’ language ideologies of English monolingual ideology and native-speaker ideology, thus reinforcing and contributing to epistemic injustice. The results demonstrate the necessity to consider the epistemological nature of social (in)justice in policy formulation and implementation, and how it is manifested by shaping the language ideologies of micro-level stakeholders. The findings provide insights into understanding EMI policy from a social justice perspective with implications for decolonial EMI policymaking and curriculum. By identifying and challenging the dominance of English and Western epistemologies in EMI education, the study provides insight into developing and embracing more inclusive and diverse learning environments that better reflect the needs and perspectives of students from various linguistic and cultural backgrounds.

A new theory of surprise – unraveling the logic of uncertainty and knowledge

ABSTRACT Intelligence is judged by its ability to avoid surprises. Unfolding the dry logic of uncertainty shows how intelligence failures caused by surprises are unavoidable. This is done by the systematic study of the general conditions that trigger the different kinds of surprise, categorized according to their different epistemological nature. Five conceptual categories of surprise are analyzed: lack of expectations; insufficient evidence between two or more alternative courses of action; false justified beliefs; incomplete theory to ground a belief, and an utterly false expectation produced by our (usually reliable) mindset. Intelligence serves as a countermeasure to opponents’ actions at strategic and tactical levels. However, intelligence analysis can only minimize the risk; it cannot eliminate it altogether.

Analysing the rationality of the Gaia hypothesis

AbstractThe Gaia hypothesis is often used as the basis for demonstrating environmental integrity in current arguments within the field of ecological philosophy. However, when citing the Gaia hypothesis, people are often vague when defining its connotations and extensions. By analysing the controversies surrounding the Gaia hypothesis, we can achieve an appropriate conception of its ontology, including the blindness of the strong theoretical approach and the rationality of the weak one. Gaia's naturalistic epistemology, holistic methodology and systematic values can thus be discriminated. Gaia has strong significance for allowing human beings to understand the Earth's ecological environment and is an effective ecological holistic theory.

Material-economic aspects of wooden pole fence-buildings

This paper examines different aspects of wooden pole fence-buildings through two different perspectives. In the first part of the article, the material-economic conditions and the nature of the crafts involved in the building technique is examined through a sloyd-theoretical perspective. By comparing approaches and methods of the wooden pole fence building-technique with those of domestic sloyd rather than architecture, an attempt is made at understanding the techniques epistemological nature. The versatile nature of the building technique is emphasized, and its regenerative qualities highlighted. The second part takes a closer look at the craft procedures involved in the making of a wooden pole fence-building through a processual reconstruction of a small barn based on a filmed documentation of the building process from the 1930s. Through practical experiments, attempts are made to understand and recreate the craft procedures documented in the film. Questions about the selection of wood for the barn and how material conditions affect the craft procedures are discussed. A filmed documentation of three of the procedures of the reconstruction gives an insight into the process.

The Monument that is Epistemology a Proposition for Atheists and Theists as Elucidations of Epistemology in Religion and Theology

Abstract For scholars that are working with epistemology and the importance thereof within the context of the ongoing bickering (fighting/mudslinging) between theist and atheists, or rather between rationality and irrationality of epistemology in theology and religion, may come to view epistemology of religion and theology as a monument from where a better belief system (as an incentive) can have a better effect on the current faith systems. Therefore, the Judeo-Christian-Islamic language games should be able to form this massive, sovereign metaphysical game. This affirmation should follow the historical fact of any metaphysical promise so that such a religious custom, should suggest that not only the Judo-Christian-Islamic language games, yet, all relevant creative queries should also be evaluated as components of the single game, with a solitary position of a decree and therefore all seven headings used in this article are relevant. The author is in a short discussion with Peter Forrest regarding his article Epistemology of Religion (2021) in establishing a positive outlook on how different views on the epistemology of religion and theology may surpass scholars which can expand and then better the current integrity-base epistemology of theology and religions. Intra/interdisciplinary methodology This affirmation, therefore, focuses on queries such as, ‘is it epistemologically sustainable for sapiens to believe in a God’? Is it epistemologically sustainable for sapiens to believe in the Trinity? Or ‘is it epistemologically sustainable that sapiens can be an embodiment of a Deity’? It overlooks such queries as if this belief estimates a consciousness that is empirical and therefore scientific. Moreover, this affirmation also tries to understand the bickering amongst rational idealists and mystics from the context of post-foundationalism who want to explain that faith or belief is not intended and thus it is not a planned commodity, rather it is an epistemological evolutionary process. Notwithstanding that this has a connection to the epistemology of theology and religion they are also the predominant subject matters in natural epistemology. This brings me to the introduction of this article where the purpose is elucidated.

Principles of Law: methodological approaches to understanding in the context of modern globalization transformations

The purpose of the research is to highlight methodological approaches to understanding principles of law in the contextof modern globalization transformations. Main content. Their ontological, epistemological and axiological nature are revealed, in particular, links of the principles of law with human existence, science and other ways of world perception are being traced. Methodology: The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, through the application of this method considered were legal, functional, organizational and procedural aspects of methodological approaches to understanding of principles of law in the context of modern globalization transformations. Conclusions. The classification of the principles of law was singled out and a brief description of their types — universal principles, civilizational principles, and right-family principles and possibilities of separating principles of the national legal system was provided.
 Keywords: principles of law, ontological nature, epistemological nature, axiological nature, science, classification, universal principles.

Kant's Racial and Moral Theories

In the field of study of Immaneul Kant, it has become apparent that scholars must reassess his seemingly universalist moral theory in the context of his racist and otherwise bigoted thought. In particular, many of these analyses revolve around one particular instance of anti-colonial sentiment found in Kant’s essay “Toward Perpetual Peace”. In this paper, I engage with two attempts by Pauline Kleingeld and Lucy Allais, which argue for a primarily-universalist and primarily-racist Kant respectively. Ultimately, I argue that Kleingeld and Allais’ analyses both fail because they prioritize philosophical motivations for Kant other than his teleology in his conceptions of morality and human nature. I first present an analysis of Kant’s work focused around his essay “Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim” that demonstrates the primacy of teleology to Kant’s system of thought, including his moral theory. I then argue that it is the nature of a teleological system such as Kant’s to establish a hierarchy, and I show how this is apparent in Kant’s work, including “Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals”. Under this lens, it becomes clear that Kant’s exclusionary epistemology of human nature is not inconsistent with his ethics, and is easily recontextualized through his teleological perspective of human life and behavior.

Protomuseum – immersion – proto-spectactor. Visual nature of immersivity. Spatial and sensual experience

The article is devoted to the study of the immersiveness of proto-museum and museum environments in a historical context: from proto-interfaces (rock paintings, frescoes, hunting pseudo-targets) to meta-visualization (new media and a museum without walls, tangible objects broadcasting intangible values). The basis of the studied typology of museumified environments are: pre-museum collections (Primitive society / protomuseum, Ancient world / protomuseum-temple / treasury, Middle Ages / protomuseum-theatre). The methodological basis of the study is the analysis of strategies for organizing space and information, which are the main marker of the evolution of the sensual and epistemological nature of man. Based on the prevailing visual practices, the concepts are derived: The Place protomuseum, The Time protomuseum, The Thing protomuseum and, accordingly, scenarios of immersiveness in these environments: immersion bodily (autosuggestion) and speculative (apperception).

Epistemologia przekładu: domyślna i wysłowiona

Translation Epistemology: Implied and Expressed The starting point for determining the nature of translation epistemology, which develops in parallel to the philosophical theory of cognition, is to distinguish an internal epistemology that permeates the field of translation communication – one of the varieties of verbal textual communication. Its goals are cognitive and exploratory. Cognition refers to the essence of translational communication, exploration refers to the forms differentiating this type of communication. I define translation as the interlingual re-editing of a ready text; and in the space of textual communication it generates seven fundamental components: 1. foreign-language originals or foreign-language translations, 2. mental translations (paratexts), 3. complete translations, 4. fragmentary translations, 5. translation-like structures, 6. translational reflections, and 7. translational fantasies. In this area the epistemology of translation is equivalent to the documentalist’s epistemology. For the translator, any textual structure, subjected to interlingual re-editing, becomes a document as well as a task. In the process of translation, cognitive activity is intertwined with praxeological one, the acquisition of knowledge is combined with the improvement of the craft of translation, the concurrence of cognition and skill prevails. The whole epistemological activity of translators and translation scholars, implicit and explicit, consists in the fact that the translator repeats the hypothetical path of the original author, while the translation scholar repeats bot the hypothetical path of the translator and the hypothetical path of the original author.

‘uMuntu nguMuntu ngaBantu’: Toward an Equitably Infused Global Epistemological Orientation and Global (Philosophy of) Education

Abstract The core question in this article is whether, or not, uBuntu and Humanism can simultaneously inform a pursuit of an equitably infused global epistemological orientation and, consequently, an equitably infused global (philosophy of)1 education. I argue that uBuntu and Humanism are not compatible at the very core of their ontological, axiological, and epistemological nature, and thus, might present an epistemological challenge to any attempt to develop an equitably infused global epistemological orientation and an equitably infused global (philosophy of) education. Moreover, I assume the broad etymological definition of philosophy as the ‘love of wisdom’ and that wisdom is a manifestation in uBuntu world, and consequently the love of such, and the resulting need to inquire into the compatibility, while recognizing potential incommensurability, between how wisdom is thought of by Western humanist-derived epistemologies and by uBuntu-derived epistemologies. At the center of the analysis is the nature of ‘human’ or ‘person’ since both Humanism and uBuntu are intrinsically bound to conceptualizations of personhood. Framed within the historical backdrop of the European Renaissance and the African Renaissance, the article comprises a critical historical outlook and analysis of primary and secondary sources of discourses on Humanism and uBuntu. Primary focus is on works of so-called2 classical thinkers such as Heidegger, Husserl, Cheikh Anta Diop, René Descartes, Frederick Nietzsche, Julius Nyerere, and John Mbiti. The key aim is to challenge scholars to work toward the equitable infusion of epistemologies inherent in these two terms, instead of continuing to see these terms as interchangeable, which essentially authenticates and perpetuates the imposition of humanism on non-humanist contexts. The African Renaissance might be the adequate space for such equitable placement of uBuntu as a source of global epistemologies alongside those emanating from Humanism.

The Radical in Ambedkar: Critical Reflections

The Radical in Ambedkar: Critical Reflections

A Critical Apraisal of the Concept of Natural Epistemology – from the Perspective of Navya Nyaya Philosophy

The connotation of the term “epistemology” is the science of knowledge. While science having two broad branches i.e., normative and positive, knowledge comes under the normative perspective. Thus normative concept of epistemology is although disregarded by many philosophers like Quine, however Quine’s theory was later criticized by Colin McGuinn. In my paper I have first explained some points of Quine’s theory from the perspective of Navya Nyaya and then made a comparative analysis of Quine’s theory and Navya Nyaya theory of knowledge. Finally, I have come to the conclusion that, logically true sentence i.e., analytic statement is established by inference, which is claimed both by Quine and Navya Nyaya.

Социоконструктивистская функция права

In the context of the obvious failure of liberal Westernization, on the one hand, and the obvious change in the legal mentality of Russian society under the influence of Eurocentrism, on the other, it is necessary to answer the question about the causes of the existing dualism. The author connects the answer to this question with the epistemological nature of legal reality (reality) as a segment of social reality (reality). From the point of view of modern epistemology of law, the author highlights the socioconstructivist function of law, which allows, without rejecting materialistic and socio-cultural determinism, to start from the subject of understanding of law, from his legal consciousness and legal thinking conditioned by tradition.

Controversial issues and the nature of history: Teachers’ views on controversial historical issues in Swedish lower secondary school

Controversial issues are often regarded as abundant in history education. Most topics can be regarded as controversial in one way or another. The purpose of this article is to analyse the way history teachers in Swedish lower secondary schools relate controversial issues to a particular view of the nature of the subject of history. By analysing statements from six teacher interviews which centred on the risks and opportunities associated with teaching about controversial issues, the authors were able to see a clear relation between views on controversial issues and views on the nature of history as such. The teachers’ reactions to the introduction of controversial issues, whether introduced by the teacher or by the students, was in many cases directly related to a specific view of the subject itself and its epistemological nature.

РАДИКАЛЬНИЙ КОНСТРУКТИВІЗМ ЯК НОВИЙ ВИТОК РОЗВИТКУ ЕВОЛЮЦІЙНОЇ ЕПІСТЕМОЛОГІЇ

With the dynamic development of cognitive sciences, the principles of interdisciplinary projects of naturalistic epistemology began to be revised in view of the limited scientific validity of their theories. Based on the sources, it was analyzed whether modern radical constructivism can appear as a modified form of evolutionary epistemology and how cognitive biology modernizes these two projects in real time with the participation of the latest developments of the evo-devo-perspective, which indicates the integration of all modern theoretical approaches to the study of epistemology of knowledge: computer biology, biosemiotics, cognitive research, etc. It was found that radical constructivism and evolutionary epistemology have the same methodological position, which is contained in the understanding of life and knowledge from two sides of the same process. Cognition is an activity that is part of self-reproduction and self-preservation of autopoiesis systems. The interaction of the autopoiesis system, which is a living organism (humans, animals, plants) with the surrounding environment is a cognitive interaction. When cognition is understood as a life process, it includes perception, emotional activity, and behavior, which is also the object of analysis of cognitive biology. It is shown that neither evolutionary epistemology nor radical constructivism and cognitive biology is a closed theory or a completed project. The boundaries of cognitive biology are expanding to such an extent that we are starting to talk about cognitive neuroscience – a field in which the biological basis of cognition is studied, first of all, the neural substrate of mental processes, and about the synthesizing convergence of cognitive sciences and life sciences. It gives grounds for the creation of neuroethics, neuroaesthetics, neuropolitics, and neurophilosophy. Such projects are transdisciplinary, as they include the study of genetic components of changes, and evolution and development, that is, the study of the relationship between evolution and development, between phylogeny and ontogenesis. Accordingly, these projects appear not as systems of knowledge, not as established disciplines, but as research programs of an interdisciplinary nature – because the basis and boundaries of their research are currently expanding and closely related to each other.