National Consciousness Research Articles

Choosing Folk Song for Children 5-6 Years Old Through Teaching Organization Music Activities in Preschool

Folk songs have the ability to have a strong impact on people's thoughts and emotions, helping us develop aesthetic abilities, thinking, intellectual, physical qualities, and good moral feelings. More importantly, it forms national consciousness and love for the homeland. Currently, teachers are aware of the importance of using folk songs for 5-6 year old children in organizing musical activities in preschools. However, preschool teachers do not know how to choose folk songs in organizing and teaching music activities, causing the results of the activities to be low. This article focuses on analyzing the current situation of choosing folk songs for 5-6 year old children through organizing and teaching musical activities, in order to form in children the goodness and beauty in folk songs. From there, children will develop a love and appreciation for Vietnamese folk songs.

A New Voice of German Nationalism: An Analysis of Friedrich Schleiermacher’s Nationalist Expression, 1799–1813

Friedrich Schleiermacher emerged as a prominent advocate for German nationalism in the Wars of Liberation from Napoleonic domination in the early nineteenth century. Alongside his work as a pastor and theologian in Berlin, and also as the co-founder of the University of Berlin, Schleiermacher developed German nationalism from a distinctly Protestant perspective, one that sought the preservation of Protestantism in the German lands under Napoleonic domination. While it would be an overstatement to suggest that Schleiermacher’s nationalism was anti-Catholic, he certainly sought to preserve and maintain Protestantism in the German lands. His vision of the German nation-state emphasized Germany’s role as a divine instrument of God’s will in the world. He assumed the cultural unity of the peoples in German lands, that is, an area of land in which the peoples are bound together by the common use of the German language. In his distinct role as a pastor, theologian, and academic, he was devoted to the cultivation of German national consciousness and the establishment of a German nation-state. Schleiermacher’s work would help to provide a cultural foundation for the emergence of the German nation-state more than half a century before the establishment of the German empire.

Royal Supremacy and Its Influence on the Formation of Early British Nation-State

Tudor Dynasty is in the transitional period of modern Europe. On the one hand, it is characterized by the struggle of religious power and kingship. On the other hand, it is featured by the formation and development of the early nation-state. This paper briefly discusses the "royal supremacy" of Tudor Dynasty in England and the development of the early nation-state in British and the concrete manifestation of "royal supremacy" and expounds the influence of it on the formation of British nation-state from the following five aspects: economy, political institutions, law, local administration and national consciousness. By analyzing the definition of "royal supremacy" and its influence on the formation of the British nation-state, it is helpful to grasp the development process of modern countries and the particularity of the formation of different nation-states, so as to better grasp the law of British historical development. In a word, "royal supremacy", as the result of the religious reform, greatly promotes the formation and development of the British nation-state in the early modern times in the specific historical period.

Heydar Aliyev's Language Policy and the Phenomenon of Identity

Identity is reflected as a multifaceted topic in scientific and psychological research of the last decade. The problem of identity formation is the main problem of human development in society. Language is one of the ethnic markers, and it is it that makes it possible for an individual to identify himself with a particular ethnic community. The presented article talks about the language policy implemented by the Heydar Aliyev and his services in this field. In this field, Heydar Aliyev made exceptional contributions to the acquisition of the state language status of the Azerbaijani language, both during the Soviet period and during the restoration of independence. Also, the Azerbaijani ideology of the national leader and the phenomenon of the national language that underlies it, along with such factors as national consciousness, national identity, and the national state, constitute the formation of the people. One of the most important indicators of Heydar Aliyev's ideology is Azerbaijanism and it is the national ideology of the state and the people.

Проблема национального сознания в древнегреческих и раннехристианских философско-религиозных текстах

The concept of national consciousness has been a subject of considerable interest in scientific discourse, particularly concerning its manifestation in ancient Greek and early Christian philosophical-religious texts. The article examines the problem of national consciousness as reflected in ancient Greek and early Christian philosophical-religious texts. The author aims to identify the peculiarities of how ancient Greeks perceived themselves as an ethnic group and early Christians as a confessional community comprising individuals from various nationalities. To achieve this goal, the main imperatives related to the early Christians’ perception as a specific ethno-confessional group and the self-identification of ancient Greeks in ethnic terms were determined. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the peculiarity of the formation of ancient national consciousness was its limitation by political identification with the polis. Within the Greek community, each individual was primarily a citizen of a specific city-state and only then a representative of the ancient Greek community. Additionally, it was also revealed that only the overtly proselytizing nature of New Testament teachings allowed early Christians, despite significant ancient Jewish heritage, to transcend ethnic boundaries, turning Christianity into one of the world’s religions rather than remaining within the confines of an ethno-confessional community.

АЛАШ АҚЫНДАРЫ ПОЭЗИЯСЫНДАҒЫ ЛИРИКАЛЫҚ ҚАҺАРМАН

Poetry has always been an important part of cultural expression in different societies, allowing us to look at the collective consciousness and ethos of the nation. Kazakh poetry, especially the works of Alash poets, occupies a special place in the hearts of people who reflect their history, dreams, struggles and hopes. We will analyze the ways of creating a lyrical hero and his reflection in the poetry of Alash poets with specific examples. As for the lyrical hero, the positive impact of these characters in the genre of poetry on the formation of national consciousness is also analyzed in detail. It is proved by examples that the purpose of Alash poets in creating lyrical characters is to raise the morale of the Kazakh people, whose National Honor began to deteriorate at the beginning of the twentieth century, and to awaken National Honor. In this regard, the artistic skills of M. Zhumabayev, M. Dulatov, Sh.Kudaiberdiuly in creating lyrical characters are considered. In order for our thoughts to be reasoned, the scientific conclusions expressed in connection with the concept of a lyrical hero were used for the purpose of research. Previously, scientific conclusions and opinions about the lyrical hero were also taken into account. In this article, we will study the concept of a lyrical hero in the poetry of Alash poets, take as a basis his Origin, essence and influence on the literary culture of Kazakhstan.

The role of Ukrainian political and legal thought in strengthening the national self-identification of Ukrainians of Galicia in the interwar period

The article summarizes the contribution of national-democratic, conservative and nationalist thinkers to the restoration of Ukrainian statehood based on the analysis of ideological and worldview doctrines of representatives of Ukrainian political and legal thought of the interwar period. The forms and methods of struggle, which are the basis of the state concepts created by them, are summarized. It was established that the defeat in the national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people at the beginning of the 20th century led to the transformation of the worldview of many Ukrainian scientists and politicians, who, despite ideological differences, had a common strategic goal - the need to restore and establish a sovereign, independent Ukrainian state. The study of the intellectual heritage of the leading representatives of Ukrainian political and legal thought gave reason to conclude that the failure of Ukrainians to form an independent state was largely connected with the weakness of the national consciousness of the people and the insufficient ideological and political maturity of its leaders. In view of this, Ukrainian political and legal thought was aimed at strengthening the national self-identification of Ukrainians and their awareness of their political interests. It is argued that the scientific approach to substantiating the idea of national-state independence of Ukraine was initiated by Stanislav Dnistryanskyi, one of the founders of Ukrainian political and legal thought of the national-democratic direction. It is characterized (according to Volodymyr Starosolskyi) that the struggle for one’s own (national) state is a historically political factor in the formation of a nation. It is emphasized that disappointment in the ineffectiveness of the republican-democratic methods of organizing power prompted V. Lipinsky and other representatives of conservative opinion to search for more adequate forms of state organization. It is shown that in the interwar period for the Ukrainians of Galicia, nationalist ideology was especially important, which had a powerful influence on the formation of the Ukrainian nation as a self-aware, social, cultural, legal and political community and was a prerequisite for the creation of its own sovereign and independent state.

Philosophical views on education by Panteleimon Kulish: on the question of the essence and direction of education as a constitutional and legal category

Within the scope of this article, we consider the philosophical views of the outstanding Ukrainian writer and public figure Panteleimon Kulish regarding the essence and direction of education. The article is devoted to the study of the concept of education in the context of constitutional and legal aspects that determine the role of education in the formation of national identity and civil society. The work examines the main ideas highlighted by Panteleimon Kulish in his works and publications regarding the importance of education as a component of personality development and the formation of national consciousness. In particular, the article examines the philosophical aspects of the educational process, emphasizing the role of the Ukrainian language and culture in the educational environment. It is analyzed how Kulish’s views can be applied in the context of constitutional and legal issues related to education. In particular, it was established that the views of Panteleimon Kulish can be applied in the context of constitutional and legal issues related to education due to the following key aspects: — linguistic and cultural identity (emphasis on the native language and culture in the educational In particular, the views of the philosopher can be applied in the context of human rights to education, which includes the right to learn and use one’s own language in the educational process); — formation of civic consciousness (underscoring the importance of education in the formation of national identity and civic This, in particular, may cause the need for constitutional principles that guarantee access to education, its quality and the direction aimed at the development of civic self-awareness); — the right to accessible education (Kulish supported the idea of accessible education for all layers of His views can be integrated into the constitutional principles concerning the general right to education and its compliance with the principles of social justice); — the role of the family in education (the philosopher’s views on the role of the family in education can contribute to ensuring the development and approval of the institution of the family in the context of constitutional The latter can include the right of parents to raise children and responsibility for their education, etc.). The article opens new ways of understanding Kulish’s philosophy of education in the context of its role in social and constitutional development.

The Ukrainian Ideal of Education in the Works of Mykola Shlemkevych (1894–1966)

The article highlights the views of Mykola Shlemkevych – a Ukrainian scholar, educator, philosopher and public figure - on the ideal, purpose and content of the education of Ukrainian youth. The main concepts of the ideal of education are revealed: value orientations (God, nation, family, social environment, language, culture, history, tradition); moral (love, faith, kindness, truth, beauty) and national values (the Ukrainian idea, national unity, national consciousness, patriotism, national interests). Attention is focused on the spiritual origins of the Ukrainian people, encompassing the principles of nationalism and humanism; on patriotism; on achieving personal freedom; advocacy of democratic ideas.

Effects of Urban Growth and Urbanization on the Social Environment: Case Study Old and Modern Cities of Yemen

Aim: This research was designed to study the effects of urban growth and urbanization on the social environment (Study of the state of growth and social changes in the old and modern cities of Yemen an example). Background: Yemenis have a rich history of urban centers, which have played a crucial role in trade, crafts, industries, and science. These cities have become distinct areas of cultural development, economic polarization, and cultural radiation. They are considered crucibles for social culturalintegration, nurseries for political growth, and areas for the development of national consciousness. The history of Yemen's cities and urban centers demonstrates the close link between trade, delivery routes, political governance centers, and city growth and development. Some Yemeni historical cities have played a vital role before Islam as political capitals, educators, and seaports. Cities have emerged as a result of the desire to coexist and achieve stability, reflecting spiritual, material, social, and political conditions. The growth of cities and architecture is a reflection of these changes. Methodology: The physical changes in the Republic of Yemen and the identification of the city of Aden were studied by reviewing the studies that monitored these changes and their social, economic and population effects. The study relied on secondary data in the first place. Conclusion: Yemen's population growth rate in 2004 was low at 3.01%, but it remains high due to economic and social developments and changes demographic factors such as fertility, mortality, and migration the growth rate was decreased at 2.20%. The 2004 General Population and Housing Census revealed that the resident population is spread across various governorates, with Ta'izz, Hodeidah, and Ibb having the highest proportions. The General Census of Population and Establishments revealed changes in the relative weight of the provincial population between the 1994 and 2004 censuses, with some governorates experiencing an increase in population relative to the population, while others experienced a decrease. The annual growth rate of the resident population was 3.0%, and the proportion of the young age group increased from 46.2% in 1994 to 51.5% in 2004. The gender ratio in Yemen is 104, with some governorates having a higher proportion of species due to urbanization (male than more than female), employment opportunities, or male labor migration. The Central Statistical Agency predicts that population growth will remain high over the next 20 years, with a natural increase rate of 3.01%. The proportion of married people in the population is higher for both sexes, possibly due to increased living costs and lack of adequate housing.

Perlawanan dan Pembebasan Terhadap Kolonialisme dengan Lensa Poskolonial dalam Novel Jejak Langkah Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer

This research focuses on analyzing the novel "Jejak Langkah" by Pramoedya Ananta Toer with a postcolonial approach. Through the descriptive qualitative method, this research explores the resistance and liberation depicted in the main character, Minke, as a representation of the spirit of resistance and aspirations for Indonesian independence. Minke does not only fight physically, but also through intellectual struggle, identity search, and development of political awareness. Through critical writing and relationships with nationalist figures, Minke builds national consciousness among the people and rejects Dutch colonial norms to fight for pride in Indoan identity and culture. This research illustrates the collective struggle to achieve independence and national dignity in the context of colonial colonization.

The role of Ukrainian zemstvos in the formation of their public library space

This research into the participation of local self-government bodies in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries in the formation of Ukraine’s public library space is crucial given the need to study the factors that influenced the creation of Ukrainian book culture, national consciousness, and state-building. This study aims to characterise the role of Ukrainian zemstvo self-government bodies in the establishment of the Ukrainian public library space during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientific rigour, historicism, sociocultural and modernisation approaches, as well as general scientific (induction, logic, analysis, synthesis) and specifically historical methods: narrative, historical-genetic, and structural-functional analysis. The cultural and educational development of the Ukrainian village by zemstvos, a component of which was their public library work, from the 1860s until the fall of the Russian Empire, was a major direction of activity of these self-governing institutions, upon whose success the national progress of Ukrainians depended. In this sphere, the foundation was laid for the future public space of the Dnieper Ukraine. The establishment, at the expense of zemstvos and through their organisational efforts, of public libraries with broad, free access for all village residents, alongside the development of rural schools, was the alpha and omega of peasant Ukrainian life at that time. It shaped the region’s book culture and elevated the social activity of the largest social class. Thanks to the democratic zemstvo intelligentsia, during the revolution of 1905-1907, demands were made to increase the network of rural libraries, cooperation between zemstvos and Prosvitas expanded, and the Ukrainian printed word became more entrenched. The emergence of peasant republics in 1905, one of which was in Sumy, where peasants published a newspaper declaring the tsarist authority abolished, against the backdrop of zemstvo achievements in expanding the network of public libraries and education, demonstrated that the early 20th century marked an intensification of public library development in Ukrainian villages. This period also saw the maturation of the national consciousness among peasants and laid the groundwork for the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1921, a pivotal stage in Ukraine’s state-building efforts. The study of this topic will contribute to understanding the role of local self-government bodies in the functioning of Ukraine’s public library space under modern conditions, national identification among Ukrainians, and their consolidation in the face of hostile invasions

'I whisper a prayer to this beauty...': Representation of the national concept 'ЗЕМЛЯ'/'LAND' in Lina Kostenko' s literary universe

This study examined Lina Kostenko's literary expressions, and offers a more profound comprehension of the nuanced connotations associated with ЗЕМЛЯ/LAND concept in the Ukrainian context and its role in shaping Ukrainian cultural identity. The analysis of Kostenko's literary works, with a specific emphasis on significant lexical components such as Україна/Ukraine, рідна земля/native land, and Батьківщина/Motherland, explored the complex interplay between language, culture, and identity. Metaphors, epithets, and figurative language, which encompass ideas of краcа/beauty, родючіcть/fertility, щедрість/generosity are employed to elucidate the conceptual characteristics associated with the LAND concept. Spatial concretizations such as ліс/forest, сад/garden, поле/field, and степ/steppe have gained considerable significance, with the steppe in particular emerging as a prominent symbol of Ukrainian identity constituting approximately 44% of linguistic representations, while approximately 47% of the observed depictions were associated with the forest and garden. Additionally, the study explored the anthropomorphic qualities and identified the axiologemes attributed to the concept of ЗЕМЛЯ/LAND, as well as their role in shaping the nation's consciousness. This academic exploration revealed valuable insights into the linguistic richness and cultural significance of ЗЕМЛЯ/LAND concept and its enduring relevance within the broader context of linguo-culturology and conceptual analysis.

Role of Society in National Consciousness

The role of society in national consciousness is very important. Society influences the interest, organization and status of a nation. Stability, support and partnership of society play an important role in building national consciousness. It establishes the nation's identity and self-respect and promotes prosperity and equality. The emergence of national consciousness in the nineteenth century was actually the result of the British rule. The changes made by the British rule in the political, economic and social fields, which resulted in the exploitation of the Indian society, it is true that the rise and development of nationalism in India is more as compared to other countries. It happened with difficulty. Contemporary modern educated intellectuals like Raja Rammohan Roy, Keshavchandra Sen, Ishwarbandra Vidyasagar, Swami Vivekananda Environt, Sir Syed Ahmed etc. tried to eradicate the evils prevalent in the society and became strong critics of the British policy. And by influencing the Indian public with his thoughts and actions, he awakened a sense of self-confidence in them. In the year 1883-54, postal system was established in Marath, railway lines were laid, all the cities were connected by telegraph system, connecting one province to another, there was an opportunity to establish contact with the people living in remote places. This was the beginning of Indian nationalism. Became the main reason for the rise. A sense of solidarity emerged among Indians during the anti-imperialist struggle. The presented research paper investigates these facts.

Heydar Aliyev on spiritual education of the young generation

The article focuses on the protection of national traditions, inculcation of national and spiritual values, national consciousness, self-consciousness, national feelings and national character among the socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical problems of our republic, which has entered the path of indepedence at a time of rapid integration into European countries. Such issues take a main place with its urgency. In this regard, the protection of our national values and their transmission to future generations is even more important today. Because our national values reflect the identity of the Azerbaijani people.

Ukrainian Scenography at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Algorithms of Existence—Essential Meanings

The article identifies the main trends in the development of Ukrainian scenography of the beginning of the 21st century, which are implemented by th artists of the national theatre in the complex reality and historical contexts. The author analyses aspects of psychological reformatting of Ukrainian scenography, the artists’ creative guidelines reevaluation under the influence of war and their ability to fully implement their ideas in the formats of theatrical performances, in the space of exhibition projects, installation performance practices formats, in easel works and teaching. The paper studies the projects’ conceptual characteristics and targets of Mariya Levytska, Andrii Aleksandrovych-Dochevskyi, Lyudmila Nagorna, Sergiy and Natalya Rydvanetskis, Bogdan Polishchuk, Inessa Kulchytska, Oleg Tatarynov, Yulia Zaulichana, Olesya Holovach, Olena Polishchuk, and other artists. The author defines the theatre artists’ positions in critical moments of Ukrainian history, identifies the figurative characteristics of the participants’ project installations as manifestations of the artists’ style and the phenomenon of artistic response to the Russian-Ukrainian war and analyses the main participants’ features of the creative development in artistic processes and their role in the evolution of scenography culture in Ukraine. Highlighted is the extraordinary role of theatre artists of the early 21st century as the successors of the national scenography school leading development concepts, in whose creative projects national consciousness is manifested and clearly defined constantly gravitating towards European values.

The rainbow as a "sign of the covenant" in I.A. Bunin's spiritual lyrics: semiotics of the sacred. Article 2. "The arch of the rainbow – the Creator's favor...", "Two rainbows – and a golden, rare Spring rain"

I.A. Bunin's poems "Two Rainbows" and "Rainbow" comprise the sacred and the values, which denote it, arising as a manifestation of biblical memory and liturgical recollection of the writer. The first source: "I place my rainbow in the cloud for it to be a sign of the everlasting covenant between me and the earth" (The Bible). The second source is the prayer of Bunin's childhood "Quiet Light". The correlation of the "sunset light" of the experience subject with the eternal joy of the liturgical chant "Silent Light" reveals the deep layer of the author's hidden hope to be similar, "to transform", or, if we mean the vocation of the "Quiet Light", "to co-rise". The person himself, "Filled with the Lord's grace," becomes the "place" of the covenant. Bunin's poems about the rainbow as a sign of the covenant are a statement that denotes and embodies the connection with the "ontology" of perception and interpretation of the "signs" of the Divine presence "here and now". The poems reflect a special sphere of a human spiritual world perception, express the depths and heights of national consciousness, having not broken with the experience of religious experience yet and having realized in a "health-improving" artistic form (in spiritual lyrics). According to C.G. Jung, the liberation of the person from the "prejudices" of the sacred opens the gates to the "underworld" of the subconscious, puts him under the power of the psychic "hell", where it returns from being "abolished" and abolishing "sign".

Рефлексивно-методологический анализ информационных войн: социально-философский аспект

The article analyzes the phenomenon of information wars in a reflexive and methodological way. This concept refers to the recently widespread practice of international confrontation based on the use of non–traditional means of suppressing the enemy – due to the hidden but directed influence on mass consciousness by the media, involving the spheres of social and cultural interaction. The interdisciplinarity of the phenomenon under consideration, the diversity of its interpretations, and the lack of a generally accepted definition are noted. The relevance of philosophical reflexive and methodological analysis is substantiated, which reveals the content of the concept of information wars in the context of the ultimate foundations of being and culture as a whole. It is emphasized that this kind of confrontation determines the emergence of crisis trends in all areas of the spiritual sphere, including literature, art, religion, threatening the information security of society. The negative external influence on the national consciousness is disguised as progressive ideas and thus receives the support of the active strata of society. In conclusion, the authors note the need to differentiate between real promising socio-cultural development and pseudo-evolution due to the conduct of information and psychological warfare.

Lermontov’s reminiscences in the story of I. S. Turgenev “Bezhin Meadow”

The article examines the story of I.S. Turgenev “Bezhin Meadow” in the context of the novel “Hero of our Time” by M.Y. Lermontov, since the issues raised in “Bezhin Meadow” and in “Fatalist” have much in common: the heroes, bearers of the Western cultural tradition, are waiting for a “common man” to answer the question, whether there is such thing as predestination – the question they don’t get answered. An analysis of the progress of Turgenev’s work on the text of “Bezhin Meadow” and of its draft versions shows that Turgenev kept reworking his text by making it closer to the “Fatalist”. In the story “Bezhin Meadow” in the pair “a simple man / a bearer of Western cultural tradition”, a redistribution of roles occurs (in comparison with the “Fatalist”): the bearer of Western cultural tradition remains in doubt, but Pavlusha is a peasant boy who has determination and is a bearer of Russian consciousness. The worldview of the “common man” combines the incongruous: both the idea of determinism and absolute freedom, illustrating the ambivalence of the Russian consciousness. The collision of the doubting hero with the bearer of national consciousness does not resolve the doubts of the hero and, rather, confirms the hopelessness of his search. The emphasized (in relation to the “Fatalist”) activity of the “common man” makes it impossible to find a hero of the time among the “heirs of Pechorin” and opens a new stage in the search for a national hero. The correlation of the narrator from “A Sportsman’s sketches” with Pechorin allows us to take a fresh look at the problem of creative ties between Turgenev and Lermontov, to clarify the way Turgenev looked at Lermontov’s hero and at the problems raised in the novel “Hero of Our Time” in the early 1850s.

Рух за українізацію автокефальної «Православної церкви в Польщі» на Волині у 20-30-х рр. XХ ст.

The purpose of the article: to analyze the movement for the Ukrainianization of the autocephalous «Orthodox Church in Poland» in Volyn. The research methodology is grounded on the principles developed by the “Annals” school, in particular, objectivity in judgments about the past, the desire to understand the mentality of social groups of that time, first of all the clergy, the specifics of their relationships. In the process of research, the methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as chronological, comparative and descriptive methods were applied.The scientific novelty of the obtained results consist in the deepening of the understanding of the national identification of the clergy and believers in Volyn, the evolution of the Ukrainian church movement in Poland in the 20’s and 30’s of the 20th century in Volyn, based on the archival and published sources. Conclusions. In the conditions of Polish statehood, the clergy of the Orthodox Volyn Diocese developed in the direction of national self-identification. During this period, the intellectual level of the priests grew, as did their desire for the Ukrainization of their own church. In Volyn, the idea of Ukrainization of the Orthodox Church had support among believers, the public, and most importantly, the clergy and hierarchy, who actively implemented it. Therefore, Volyn appears as a center where the Ukrainian church movement is born and begins to strengthen. It was distinguished by the growth of national consciousness of Ukrainians and significant achievements in the Ukrainianization of the Orthodox Church in Volyn, which was part of the Orthodox Church in Poland. The movement for Ukrainization was aimed at conducting liturgies and church administration in the Ukrainian language, teaching religion in schools in the Ukrainian language, translating liturgical literature into the Ukrainian language, consecrating Ukrainian bishops, separating all Ukrainian parishes into a separate diocese headed by a Ukrainian bishop, etc. The Ukrainian church movement in Volyn helped preserve the identity of the Ukrainian people in the conditions of Polish statehood.