Natural Stimulation Research Articles

Context-dependent selectivity to natural images in the retina

Retina ganglion cells extract specific features from natural scenes and send this information to the brain. In particular, they respond to local light increase (ON responses), and/or decrease (OFF). However, it is unclear if this ON-OFF selectivity, characterized with synthetic stimuli, is maintained under natural scene stimulation. Here we recorded ganglion cell responses to natural images slightly perturbed by random noise patterns to determine their selectivity during natural stimulation. The ON-OFF selectivity strongly depended on the specific image. A single ganglion cell can signal luminance increase for one image, and luminance decrease for another. Modeling and experiments showed that this resulted from the non-linear combination of different retinal pathways. Despite the versatility of the ON-OFF selectivity, a systematic analysis demonstrated that contrast was reliably encoded in these responses. Our perturbative approach uncovered the selectivity of retinal ganglion cells to more complex features than initially thought.

Productive traits of chickens of the parent herd of broilers of the cross Ross 308 when using the drugs Emicidin and Apex

Drugs with a wide spectrum of action, including natural growth stimulants and antioxidants, which could provide an increase in the natural resistance, livability and productivity of poultry of the parental herd and broiler chickens and did not adversely aff ect the quality of hatching eggs and poultry meat, are of considerable interest for industrial poultry farming. Such drugs include the antioxidant Emicidin and the natural growth stimulator of plant origin Apex. The drug Apex 3010 is used for poultry. The purpose of the work was to study the eff ect of the antioxidant Emicidin and the natural feed additive Apex 3010 on the productive traits of chickens of the parental herd under the conditions of industrial poultry housing technology. Comparative comprehensive studies of productivity, reproductive traits, morphological indicators of the quality of hatching eggs, the microstructure of the shell was carried out, the results of brooding of eggs of chickens of the parental broiler herd using the drugs Emicidin and Apex 3010 separately and in combination with each other were analyzed. It was found as a result of the conducted studies that the egg production of chickens for the initial laying hen in the 1st (Emicidin), 2nd (Apex 3010) and 3rd (Emicidin+Apex 3010) experimental groups was 2,6 % (p ≤ 0,05), 3,2 % (p ≤ 0,01) and 5,8 % (p ≤ 0,001), respectively, are higher than in the control group. The use of the drugs Emicidin and Apex 3010 both separately and in combination with each other had a positive infl uence on the quality of brooding eggs obtained from chickens of experimental groups at the end of the productive period at the age of 52 weeks. The highest production and economic indicators for the housing of chickens of the parental broiler herd were achieved in the 3rd experimental group with the complex use of the drugs Emicidin and Apex 3010. The diff erence in the prime-cost of 1 head the daily chicken in the 3rd experimental group and the control group was 1,52 rubles or 8,32 %.

Phosphene Attributes Depend on Frequency and Intensity of Retinal tACS

Phosphene is the experience of light without natural visual stimulation. It can be induced by electrical stimulation of the retina, optic nerve or cortex. Induction of phosphenes can be potentially used in assistive devices for the blind. Analysis of phosphene might be beneficial for practical reasons such as adjustment of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) frequency and intensity to eliminate phosphene perception (e.g., tACS studies using verum tACS group and sham group) or, on the contrary, to maximize perception of phosphenes in order to be more able to study their dynamics. In this study, subjective reports of 50 healthy subjects exposed to different intensities of retinal tACS at 4 different frequencies (6, 10, 20 and 40 Hz) were analyzed. The effectiveness of different tACS frequencies in inducing phosphenes was at least 92 %. Subject reported 41 different phosphene types; the most common were light flashes and light circles. Changing the intensity of stimulation often induced a change in phosphene attributes. Up to nine phosphene attributes changed when the tACS intensity was changed. Significant positive correlation was observed between number of a different phosphene types and tACS frequency. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that tACS is effective in eliciting phosphenes whose type and attributes change depending on the frequency and intensity of tACS. The presented results open new questions for future research.

The impact of foliar application of biostimulators on the morphological characteristics of the leaf rosette of winter rape plants

The field experiment was caried out in three growing seasons (2013–2016) at the Agricultural Experimental Station – Zawady (52°03'N and 22°33'E) belonging to the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Poland. The experiment was set up in a split-plot configuration with three replications. The examined factors were: I – morphotypes of winter oilseed rape: population (Poznaniak), hybrid restored with a semi-dwarf type of growth (PX104), hybrid restored with a traditional type of growth (Konkret); II – four types of biostimulators: 1. control variant, 2. biostimulator Tytanit® (titan), 3. biostimulator Asahi®SL (sodium ortho-nitrophenol, sodium para-nitrophenol, sodium 5-nitroguaiacol), 4. biostimulator Silvit® (active silicon, potassium oxide, boron – form of pure element, zinc – form of pure element). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of biostimulators containing various active substances on the morphological characteristics of winter oilseed rape plants in the leaf rosette stage (number of rosette leaves, tap root length, height of the growth cone) and on the fresh and dry mass of the above-ground rosette and the root system of traditional and semi-dwarf winter oilseed rape morphotypes type of growth under changing climatic conditions. The genetic factor significantly influenced the morphological features of plants, marked in autumn by inhibition of vegetation. The population variety Poznaniak developed more rosette leaves, greater length of the tap root, and fresh and dry mass of the rosette and the root system as compared to the restored hybrids. The applied biostimulators significantly influenced plant parameters determined in the fall before the vegetation inhibition. After the use of a biostimulator containing the active substance in the form of sodium o-nitrophenol, sodium para-nitrophenol and sodium 5-nitroguajakol, a significantly higher value of the tested features was obtained compared to the control variant. Regardless of the type of biostimulator used, the height of the growth cone was the same as in the control object. The most favourable parameters of the leaf rosette were obtained in the first and second periods of summer-autumn vegetation and winter dormancy, while in extreme drought conditions during sowing and a fairy dry period of emergence, its weakest features were obtained. Natural growth stimulants are becoming an increasingly common elements of agricultural plant agrotechnics. Their use has a positive effect on the growth and development of plants and increases the resistance of plants to the adverse effects of stress factors.

Exploring Healing Design Elements for Patient Room Design: Preferences of Adolescent Patients from Surgical Units

Although the substantial influence of hospital environments on well-being has been widely recognized, research on the same topic for adolescent patients is limited. This study examined adolescent patients’ preferences in hospital room designs to identify design elements that can potentially promote the healing process. Eight computer-simulated patient room images were developed through the combinations of three design elements: trim style (straight vs. arch), ceiling and floor details (plain vs. decorated), and window view (nature vs. city). Adolescent patients evaluated the images of patient room images using seven preference evaluation words on a Likert scale. Adolescent patients did not differ in preference for either straight or arch trim styles (p > 0.05). Also, the different ceiling and floor details, such as plain vs. decorated, did not differ in the responses (p > 0.05). However, the study results indicated that more adolescent patients strongly prefer the nature view than the city view (p < 0.01), with higher peaceful, comfortable, pleasant, private, and enjoyable perceptions. Therefore, the window view was the most significant among the examined design elements, directing the value of relaxation and connection beyond the hospital environment. The results imply that 3D simulation of the patient room images adopting design elements can quantify adolescent patients’ perceptions of room design in conjunction with the Likert scale. Based on the results of this study, adolescent patient rooms should be designed and developed considering natural stimulation aspects in connection with the outside environment.

A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, with approximately 6 million cases reported in America in 2020. The clinical signs of AD include cognitive dysfunction, apathy, anxiety and neuropsychiatric signs, and pathogenetic mechanisms that involve amyloid peptide-β extracellular accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Unfortunately, current drugs to treat AD can provide only symptomatic relief but are not disease-modifying molecules able to revert AD progression. The endogenous modulator adenosine, through A2A receptor activation, plays a role in synaptic loss and neuroinflammation, which are crucial for cognitive impairment and memory damage. In this review, recent advances covering A2A adenosine receptor antagonists will be extensively reviewed, providing a basis for the rational design of future A2A inhibitors. Herein, the literature on A2A adenosine receptors and their role in synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation, as well as the effects of A2A antagonism in animal models of AD and in humans, are reviewed. Furthermore, current chemical and structure-based strategies are presented. Caffeine, the most widely consumed natural product stimulant and an A2A antagonist, improves human memory. Similarly, synthetic A2A receptor antagonists, as described in this review, may provide a means to fight AD. This review highlights the clinical potential of A2A adenosine receptor antagonists as a novel approach to treat patients with AD.

Khat (Catha Edulis) Plant Abuse in Saudi Arabia

Background: The khat (Catha edulis) shrub is cultivated in both the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. The citizens of this region have carried the tradition of chewing khat leaves since the 15th century. This plant is a natural stimulant which contains two main substances, cathine and cathinone, which cause excitement, euphoria, and loss of appetite. Moreover, the khat trade is considered a source of income within countries of these regions. However, khat holds both benefits and negative aspects for mankind, society, and the environment. This article focuses on the issue of khat smuggling to Saudi Arabia, which has increased over between 2010 and 2016 according to the recent statistics.

Investigation of enhanced exploitation of natural gas hydrate and CO2 sequestration combined gradual heat stimulation with CO2 replacement in sediments

CO2 replacement is a promising technology that simultaneously produces methane and carbon dioxide sequestration. In this work, a novel gradual heat injection enhanced replacement method (GHIR) was proposed to improve the methane production from natural gas hydrate sedimentary layer. The effects of heat injection mode on methane recovery, energy efficiency and the optimal operating conditions of GHIR were studied. The results have shown that GHIR enhances the CH4 recovery percentage from 8.0% to 25.4%. EROI could be further enhanced to 20.14. Because the thermal conductivity of hydrate is larger than the dissociation hydrate layer, the heat transfer analysis shown that the incremental heat injection enhanced replacement method (IHIR) is the best mode for gradual heat stimulation combined CO2 replacement. This work provides a novel method for future marine NGH development and promotes carbon sequestration by applying the CH4/CO2 replacement method.

Demographic Strategies of the Russian Rural Population: Intersubjective Nonlinearity Versus Economic Viability

The intersubjective demographic strategies of modern families and settlements appear to be nonlinear, negatively affecting traditional solutions’ efficiency in spurring demographic growth. This study seeks to determine how external circumstances influenced the formation and changes of fundamental collective ideas. The authors present the results from a model of demographic strategies that analyzed 1,544 rural settlements in Central Russia from 1959 to 1989, which was a period of accelerated urbanization and demographic transition. A fractal model was used to reconstruct social intentions. Control factors for each settlement were estimated based on indicators that reflect rural settlements’ material and technical conditions, economic, medical, and social service development levels, and the availability of attractive migration goals. More archaic communities responded to natural growth stimulation in a linear and relatively predictable fashion, but new competencies, needs, and opportunities appeared as communities developed socially and economically. Many counterintuitive effects influenced the evolution of modernized communities. In particular, the migration aspirations of rural youth led to a postponement in births and a drop in the birth rate despite an increased quality of life. An intense migratory influx into hub settlements also contributed to a decrease in the birth rate among the local population.

Influence of the sulfate content of the exopolysaccharides from Porphyridium sordidum on their elicitor activities on date palm vitroplants

Given the increasing interest that is being paid to polysaccharides derived from algae as plant natural defense stimulators, the degree of sulfation of exopolysaccharides produced by P. sordidum for inducing defense responses in date palm vitroplants was investigated. Firstly, the culture parameters of P. sordidum were optimized to maximize the amount of sulfate in EPS using a Box–Behnken experimental design and the elicitor effects of two EPS which differ in the sulfation degrees were compared. Results demonstrated that the concentrations of NaCl, NaNO3 and MgSO4 set at 28, 0.54 and 16.31 g/L, respectively yielded the best sulfate contents. To elucidate defense-inducing activities in date palm vitroplants, EPS with the highest sulfate content (EPS1) were prepared for comparison with those obtained under standard conditions (EPS0). A fucoidan extracted from Cystoseira compressa was used as positive control and MgSO4 as negative control. Both EPS and the fucoidan displayed H2O2 accumulation and expression of PR1, SOD, PAL and WRKY genes. Interestingly, EPS1 was significantly more bioactive than EPS0 and the fucoidan suggesting that the elicitor activity is positively correlated with the sulfate groups content of this polysaccharide.

Extended culture of cleavage embryo to blastocyst embryo is among the good predictors of successful outcome in vitrified-thawed ICSI cycles

BackgroundPrevious studies showed that top-quality embryo transfer (ET), number of transferred embryos, endometrial preparation with natural cycles or mild stimulation, and female BMI independently affected the outcome in frozen-thawed ET. However, the effect of culturing thawed cleavage embryos to blastocyst stage on the outcome was not sufficiently elucidated. Our objective is to evaluate the role of this extended culturing as predictor of cycle outcome in vitrified-thawed ICSI cycles.Materials and methodsOne thousand forty-two consecutive cycles of vitrified-thawed ET done in a single IVF unit [Mansoura Integrated Fertility Centre (MIFC)] were reviewed during a period from 2014 to 2017. Endometrial preparation methods were natural, stimulation by antiestrogen and/or gonadotropins, or replacement using sequential estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). The primary outcome was the clinical pregnancy rate while the secondary outcome was the chemical and ongoing pregnancy rate.ResultsOverall clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) is 298/1042 is 28.5%, chemical pregnancy rate (326/1042) 31.3%, and ongoing pregnancy rate (167/615) 27.2%. Comparing clinically pregnant (n = 298) and non-pregnant (n = 744) showed, respectively, the following: age 28.76 ± 5.0, 28.85 ± 5.18 (p = 0.8); BMI 31.06 ± 5.9, 32.45 ± 5.9 (p = 0.002); infertility duration 4.17 ± 3.2, 4.6 ± 3.5 (p = 0.038); endometrial thickness 10.82 ± 1.6, 10.13 ± 2.06 (p = 0.0001); and no. of ET 3.35 ± 1.5, 3.12 ± 1.60 (p = 0.035). The clinical pregnancy rate when vitrification was done on cleavage embryos was 198/502 (39.4%), and when vitrification done on blastocyst stage 100/ 536 (18.7%) (P < 0.0001); endometrial preparation: natural 72/240(29.1%), stimulated 204/680 (30.0%) replacement 17/90 (18.8%) (p = 0.09); extended culture of cleavage embryos to blastocyst stage: clinical pregnancy rate 116/194 (59.7%) chemical pregnancy rate 125/194 (64.1%), ongoing pregnancy rate 87/165 (52.7%) and non extended culture clinical pregnancy rate 182/848 (21.4%), chemical pregnancy rate 201/848 (23.7%), and ongoing pregnancy rate 80/450 (17.7%) (P < 0.0001).ConclusionTop-quality ET, number of transferred embryos and extended culture of cleavage embryos to blastocyst stage, cleavage embryos but not infertility duration, BMI, endometrial thickness, or hCG trigger of ovulation independently predict successful outcome in frozen cycle ET and extended culture of cleavage embryos significantly improved clinical and chemical and ongoing pregnancy rates.

Therapeutic Potential of Skin Stem Cells and Cells of Skin Origin: Effects of Botanical Drugs Derived from Traditional Medicine.

Skin, the largest organ of the body, plays a vital role in protecting inner organs. Skin stem cells (SSCs) comprise a group of cells responsible for multiplication and replacement of damaged and non-functional skin cells; thereby help maintain homeostasis of skin functions. SSCs and differentiated cells of the skin such as melanocytes and keratinocytes, have a plethora of applications in regenerative medicine. However, as SSCs reside in small populations in specific niches in the skin, use of external stimulants for cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo is vital. Synthetic and recombinant stimulants though available, pose many challenges due to their exorbitant prices, toxicity issues and side effects. Alternatively, time tested traditional medicine preparations such as polyherbal formulations are widely tested as effective natural stimulants, to mainly stimulate proliferation, and melanogenesis/prevention of melanogenesis of both SSCs and cells of skin origin. Complex, multiple targets, synergistic bioactivities of the phytochemical constituents of herbal preparations amply justify these as natural stimulants. The use of these formulations in clinical applications such as in skin regeneration for burn wounds, wound healing acceleration, enhancement or decrease of melanin pigmentations will be in great demand. Although much multidisciplinary research is being conducted on the use of herbal formulas as stem cell stimulants, very few related clinical trials are yet registered with the NIH clinical trial registry. Therefore, identification/ discovery, in depth investigations culminating in clinical trials, as well as standardization and commercialization of such natural stimulants must be promoted, ensuring the sustainable use of medicinal plants.

Structural myocardial catastrophe under the influence of chronic neurogenic pain due to development of B16 melanoma in female mice

Topicality. Most of the inhabitants on the planet have directly experienced certain manifestations of pain, and in the case of chronic pain sensations, some significant changes may occur not only in the psycho-emotional sphere of a human individual, but also some functional alterations in the life maintenance systems. There are two global problems of medicine which are associated with oncology and cardiovascular pathology, and, taking into account the prevalence of pain symptoms of various etiologies, a pathological triangle is formed, each side of which affects the overall configuration thereof. There is a need to understand these pathological relationships in order to determine the real possibilities of breaking them and correcting such common complex life situations. Any attempt to create a concept and visually verify the real pathological changes in the heart, when modeling a combination of chronic neurogenic pain and a malignant process, is relevant that is the aim of this research work. We targeted the morphological picture of the heart in female mice with chronic neurogenic pain (CNP) and the growth of B16 melanoma and found a rather tough scenario of unfolded events. Materials and methods. We used female mice of the C57BL/6 line with a normal genotype. Chronic neurogenic pain (CNP) was produced by bilateral ligation of the sciatic nerve. Against that background, all animals were subcutaneously transplanted with melanoma B16/F10. After decapitation, the isolated heart preparations were carried out according to the stages of morphological preparation for staining sections with hematoxylin-eosin, followed by morphological examination of the structure with the Leica DM LS2 microscope furnished with an Olympus optical.C-5050 Zoom video camera and Morfotest software. Photographing was conducted with magnifications x10, x40, x100. Results. A pronounced pro-oncogenic effect of pain stimulation of the neurogenic nature was revealed, which consisted in an earlier manifestation of the tumor growth, large-scale metastasizing even to atypical target organs, and the formation of a pre-terminal state at an earlier time. At the same time, morphological correlates of prolonged damage to the heart at the level of the valves and the ventricular wall were determined, the key elements of which were ischemia, total longitudinal splitting of muscle fiber bundles, blood filling of large vessels, hemorrhages, deep cell dystrophy of cardiomyocytes, myolysis, macrofocal necrosis (myomalacia), an accumulation of necrotic masses, fibrosis and eosinophilic infiltration. Visualization of the nuclei of cardiomyocytes indirectly indicated the switch of the death program to the non-apoptotic pathway, i.e. necrosis as a result from the “tumor-caused” depletion of the energy reserves of cardiomyocytes. Conclusion. The simulated hypertrophied manifestations of myocardial catastrophe in the experiment expand the concept of a prolonged infarction and provide a basis for predicting and preventing a negative course of events in difficult patients with persistent pain syndromes and comorbid pathology against the background of the development of a malignant process.

An Overview of the Health Benefits of Drumstick Pods

The “Moringa” (MO) (drumstick) is native to India and grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Due to its high nutritional value, each part of the tree is suitable for nutritional or commercial use. The seed of Moringa oleifera is a natural coagulant, widely used in water treatment. The scientific results of this research provide information on the use of M. oleifera as a treatment for diabetes and cancer and the strengthening of M. oleifera pods, leaves, and flowers in commercial products. This review explores the interdisciplinary medicinal value of MO and discusses the cultivation, nutrition, and commercial and exceptional pharmacological properties of this “miracle tree”. MO is nature’s first aid kit, widely used in the Indian Ayurvedic medical system, as a nutrient, natural energy stimulant and to increase defense against disease. It is a multi-purpose vegetable sources of trees, spices, cooking oils, and cosmetic oils and as medicinal plants.

Effect of Exercise Combined with Natural Stimulation on Korean College Students' Concentration and Positive Psychological Capital: A Pilot Study.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term exercise, within the natural environment or by applying similar visual stimulation, on concentration and positive psychological capital among Korean college students. Participants were 175 male college students—selected by non-probabilistic sampling—from the Korean National Police University in Asan-si, Republic of Korea, in March 2021. Participants were divided into three condition groups: the natural environmental exposure with outdoor exercise (n = 57), visual stimulation with indoor exercise (n = 58), and indoor exercise (control group; n = 60). The variables measured were concentration and positive psychological capital. Pre- and post-exercise data differences were analyzed using two-way (3 × 2) analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation analysis, and statistical significance was set at 0.05. The results revealed a significant main effect on concentration, with lower scores post-intervention indicating positive changes in all three groups. In addition, the scores for positive psychological capital sub-factors (self-efficacy, optimism, and hope), in the groups with the natural environmental exposure with outdoor exercise and visual stimulation with indoor exercise conditions, reflected higher positive change than the indoor exercise group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the Bonferroni post hoc test on this interaction effect revealed that the participant scores for the natural environmental exposure with outdoor exercise and visual stimulation with indoor exercise groups were positive after the exercise (p < 0.05). However, there was no interaction effect for the ego-resilience subscale (p > 0.05). Therefore, participating in short-term exercise while being exposed to a natural environment with healing characteristics or providing visual stimulation of a similar natural environment was found to positively impact the Korean college students’ concentration and positive psychological capital’s self-efficacy, optimism, and hope. Moreover, this particular intervention only affects subjective measures of well-being while not particularly influencing objective measures, such as cognitive functioning. We recommend implementing similar visual stimulation with indoor exercise for the current generation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Morphofunctional features of ovaries in repair pigs after stimulation with a preparation of natural sexual pheromones of a boar

Purpose: development of a new way to obtain a drug of natural genital pheromones of boar, and its approbation in production conditions.Materials and methods. A method of manufacturing a drug of natural genital phargs, including grinding of testicles, obtained from half-arms, incubated homogenizates at a temperature of 37-39 ° C for 50-60 min, adding inkubat urine of semi-cream boars and distillation of the mixture in the rotary evaporator R-213B to the urine incubate. The finished preparation was a transparent liquid of a yellowish shade with a specific smell. Checking the drug on pigs showed its harmlessness, clinical parameters and general hematological indicators in animals after treatment with the drug were within physiological boundaries.Results. In the scientific and production experiment, it was established that after stimulation of 5-month-old impaired repair pigs with a preparation in a dose of 0.5 ml / goal twice a day, sexual ripening has occurred at a 178-day age, which was 6 days before compared to Pilts stimulated by a synthetic analogue of the Formon Sidor (Germany's production) and 14 days earlier than in the pigs of the control group. It was found that pigs treated with the preparation made for 20 days of experiment in the blood contained more estradiol-17β (81.3 ± 4.0 pmol / l) and progesterone (37.7 ± 2.5 nmol / l) than Sidor stimulated pigs (75.7 ± 3.5 pmol / l; 31.1 ± 2.0 nmol / l) and in control animals (64.4 ±, 1 pmol / l; 28.1 ± 2.0 mol / l). The drug has a positive impact on the development of ovaries. In the pigs after stimulation in the 8-month-old age, the mass indicators, volume, linear parameters of the ovaries, as well as the number of follicles and the yellow bodies of the past sex cycle exceeded those in the control animals and pigs undergoing stimulation by Sidor.Conclusion. Research suggests that the method developed by us allows us to obtain a natural genital cartridge pheromone preparation with high biological activity. As a natural stimulator, sex pheromones through olfactory analyzers have a stimulating effect on the relevant cerebral centers and through them to the hypothalamic-pituitary complex, which activates the growth and hormonal activity of ovaries.

Impact of natural and artificial prenatal stimulation on the behavioural profile of Japanese quail.

As the sensory systems of vertebrates develop prenatally, embryos perceive many environmental stimuli that can influence the ontogeny of their behaviour. Whether the nature and intensity of prenatal stimuli affect this ontogeny differently remains to be investigated. In this context, this study aimed to analyse the effects of prenatal auditory stimulation (natural stimulation, NS; predator vocalisations or artificial stimulation, AS; metallic sounds) on the subsequent behaviour of young Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). For this, behavioural variables recorded during ethological tests evaluating emotional and social reactivity were analysed using a principal component analysis. This analysis revealed significant differences between the behavioural profile of stimulated chicks and that of non-exposed chicks. Indeed, chicks exposed to NS expressed more intense emotional responses in fearful situations, but less neophobia when exposed to a novel environment or object, whereas chicks exposed to AS appeared more sensitive to social isolation. Our results show that the acoustic environment of embryos can influence the way young birds subsequently interact with their social and physical environment after hatching, and face challenges in changing living conditions.

The negative effects of the Internet in sex education: An Empirical Study on third-secondary students in Buraydah: الآثار السلبية للإنترنت في التربية الجنسية: دراسة تطبيقية على طالبات الثالث الثانوي بمدينة بريدة

The study, with key findings and recommendation in its scientific nature, aims at defining the sides of the negative social impacts of internet on the Sexual Education of the girls in respect of the sexual information on males and females, sexual diseases, natural and medical sexual stimulants and information related to Aesthetic Education. The study's adopted the descriptive method in research. Its tool is questionnaire and Sample number is 100 female students. Adopting the afore-mentioned methodical procedures in this study, I came to two key findings which are as follows: Due to obtaining information on the Aesthetic Education, the girls, more likely in their adolescence stage tend to the internet but in medium rates. The study found that the internet provides girls with sexual information, on man, women, love and mates, that may disagree with the socio-local culture, whether she browses and watches pornographic websites contain liberal images and words or reviews scientific websites based on sexual provocation especially in the case when she is not followed up or directed by family. The girl in high rates, tends to the internet for both to search for enjoyment and excitement, not learning or to obtain information relates to Aesthetic Education related to hygiene, fitness, nutrition and sport. The study found that the internet provides the girl with information on Aesthetic Education that may disagree with our culture. The study hence recommends that religious and moral values should be instilled in girls by parents, teachers and educators, and that they should be given skills that will enable them to maintain cultural identity.

Production technology of livestock and poultry products using environmentally safe feed additives

Due to the growing demand for environmentally friendly products, the use of natural growth stimulants in animal husbandry has become especially relevant. Studies were conducted in accordance with generally accepted methods of zootechnical accounting, the average daily milk productivity of cows, safety, average daily and absolute growth of turkeys were determined. To assess the quality of milk, we used physicochemical and microbiological methods of investigation. The meat productivity of turkeys was evaluated by pre-slaughter weight, gutted carcass weight and slaughter yield. The use of activated zeolite in milk production technology made it possible to increase the milk productivity of cows and improve the quality characteristics of milk. The use of bentonite, poly enzyme preparation “Universal” and enzyme-mineral complex in poultry meat production contributed to an increase in the safety of turkeys, their growth rate and meat productivity.

Risk Factors Promoting Early Cardiovascular Structure Disorders in Patients with Primary Hypothyroidism

Objective. To develop the pattern of early cardiovascular disorders in patients with primary hypothyroidism based on the analysis of relationship between patient’s thyroid status and some functional cardiovascular parameters depending on compensation status. Materials and methods. The examination of 163 women aged 62 [55;67] years with primary hypothyroidism was performed. The patients were divided into groups: 1 group included 54 patients aged 62.0 [57;68] years with subcompensated disease, 2 group consisted of 15 patients aged 59 [53;66] years with non-compensated disease and 3 group included 94 patients aged 63 [53;66] years with compensated hypothyroidism. Physical examination, transthoracic echocardiography, assessment of global left ventricle longitudinal strain by speckle tracking method, endothelial function and laboratory tests were performed to all patients. Regression analysis using thyroid stimulating hormone, free T4, age, duration of the disease, cause of hypothyroidism, menopause presence and natural thyroid stimulating hormone logarithm as predictors and some cardiovascular parameters of heart condition and lipid metabolism as dependent valuables was made. Results. Mathematic modeling demonstrated that the combination such factors as age, duration of disease and thyroid stimulating hormone level is the most important in left ventricle remodeling processes. However, the age only has significant influence on intima media thickness. Conclusion. Left ventricle remodeling, morphologic functional status of blood vessel wall and decrease of glomerular filtration rate are basically determined by such modified and non-modified factors as body mass index, age, duration of hypothyroidism and thyroid stimulating hormone level.