Nature Of Scientific Knowledge Research Articles

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAUGE TRAINING IN THE STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL DISCIPLINES BY FOREIGN STUDENTS

The article analyzes the key aspects of psychological and pedagogical features of language training in the study of biological disciplines by foreign students of The Educational and Research Center for Foreign Citizens Training of Poltava State Medical University. The basic issues of studying the language of biological disciplines as a tool of psychological and pedagogical adaptation of foreign students to the Ukrainian educational environment are outlined. The main problems that cause an unfavourable level of adaptive capacity of foreign students to the educational process at the propaedeutic stage are revealed. The authors prove the effectiveness of taking into account the individual speech competencies of foreigners as a basis for further professional training in the favourable educational environment. The main problems that determine the proper level of adaptive capacity of foreign students to the educational process at the propaedeutic stage are identified: low level of speech competence, insufficient level of knowledge of natural sciences, lack of motivation of most foreigners to study natural sciences. Based on experience, measures to overcome these problems are presented. Research is guided by the principles of communicative methods and based on interdisciplinary coordination. There are adapted textbooks in natural sciences in Ukrainian / Russian / English, multilingual dictionaries, guidelines for laboratory work with recommendations for generalization and systematization of knowledge. In order to form an internal motivation to learn and establish effective cooperation and understanding in the group, an individual approach to each student is taken into account.

Принципы научного гуманизма И.Т. Фролова в контексте развития современной гуманистической мысли

The postmodern trend of modern philosophical thought has actualized the problem of human nature. The attention of researchers is attracted by traditional philosophical alternatives, including alternatives within the humanistic direction. Hence the interest in the philosophical creativity of the representative of this trend in the USSR in the 70–80 years of the XX century, I.T. Frolov. The scientist proposed a synthesis of natural science and socio-humanitarian knowledge based on philosophical anthropology. The principles formulated by him formed the basis of a new form of philosophical humanism–scientific humanism. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the work of I.T. Frolov and other major humanist thinkers of the XX century in the course of their reflection on socioanthropological challenges. The analysis of the philosophical heritage of I.T. Frolov in the context of the development of modern humanistic thought allows us to reach a new level of conceptualization of theories related to human philosophy and, thereby, improve the quality of scientific research.

ICT in primary school students’ activities as a component of the methodological system for the formation of knowledge about nature

The problem of the effective use of ICT tools in the formation of the nature knowledge among primary school students is a current task of modern education, as it helps to form the concept of natural science knowledge and modern technology in an inextricable connection. The acquisition of information and communication technologies by primary school students in natural science education and using them in everyday learning activities, project and research practices, the presentation of their results becomes a necessity. The systematic ICT application in teaching a subject makes it possible to develop the creative activities of students, to discover new properties of the subject-matter situation, and to expand the zone of students’ independence. However, today the methodology for the use of ICT in the natural science education of schoolchildren covers to a greater extent the middle, rather than primary school, and most of the work is devoted to the use of ICT by the teacher. The article discusses the system of using ICT in teaching natural science, oriented to project and research activities and based on the competency approach which will promote the competence of primary school students in solving the problems with the use of natural science knowledge, ICT competence, communicative competence

Natural sciences teachers’ continuous professional development through a Community of Practice

Years of research on teacher quality indicate that the quality and effectiveness of teachers have a significant influence on learner achievements. The quality of teachers and their teaching practice is widely debated where quality may depend on the teacher having acquired sound and relevant knowledge and skills to ensure effective teaching. The continuous professional development of teachers is a key element in ensuring the required quality in teaching to enhance learners’ achievements. Utilising Wenger’s construct of a Community of Practice (CoP) as theoretical framework, with the investigation reported on here, we aimed to understand how natural sciences teachers, from a specific rural school district in the Western Cape province, South Africa, experienced a CoP as a continuing professional teacher development (CPTD) strategy. This investigation was informed by a naturalistic case study method where open-ended questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and observations were utilised for data generation during CoP sessions. Thematic data-analysis revealed themes (words/phrases) for interpretation and discussion. Preliminary findings highlighted some emerging characteristics that influenced the effective operation of a CoP and suggested that participants acknowledged the importance of a CoP, indicating that their natural sciences knowledge and skills had notably increased. We argue that emerging CoP characteristics can assist in the advancement of motivation, effectiveness and professional development of natural sciences teachers in rural areas, affording quality teachers and teaching practices.

Retraction Note: Image detection of mountain soil loss and human avoidance trajectory based on cloud computing and machine learning

With the continuous progress and development of modern social science management and network security technology in China, the wide application of new-generation technologies such as intelligent robotics learning has made it more and more extensive in the field of analysis. At present, it has fully played an important technical leading role in many application fields, such as analysis methods, collection and sorting ability, analysis of various large-scale business computing application statistical data of enterprises, mining theoretical knowledge of natural environment science, image recognition, retrieval of global geographic location information and so on. Through the simulation of soil erosion in mountainous areas in my country, dynamic data analysis describes the basic situation of soil erosion in various mountainous areas in my country and the whole process of its evolution and development and comprehensively analyzes and studies various soil erosion events in mountainous areas in my country. The corresponding solutions can effectively and accurately respond to emergencies of soil erosion in mountainous areas and effectively reduce the loss of soil and water crops and economic losses in natural disasters. In recent years, information technology companies related to computer and machine learning capabilities, especially based on machine cloud computing, learning science and technology based on the theory of human machine artificial intelligence, and combining related professional technologies, have been used in various areas to prevent floods, droughts, risks, and rain in various areas. Disaster reduction and other non-natural engineering construction technology prevention measures have gradually been applied. The main research question of this paper is to design a related human body trajectory image detection system for new human facial image processing based on machine learning, and information collection and detection management system, and conduct in-depth research on its application prospects.

Natural Sciences and Anthropology in Didymus the Blind’s Commentaries on the Bible: a Possible Aristotelian Influence

This paper gathers from Didymus’ exegetical works (in particular from the lessons on the book of Psalms and on the Ecclesiastes) all significant testimonies concerning his knowledge of natural sciences and his anthropological doctrine. Based on these materials I will briefly discuss their possible sources, trying to answer following questions: a) What kind of Aristotelian doctrines can we recognise in Didymus’ statements concerning cosmology, biology and anthropology? b) Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that he had, beside the Organon, also a direct knowledge of other Aristotelian works? c) How important are methods and doctrines coming from Aristotle for Didymus’ exegetical practice?

Impact of Knowledge of Natural Sciences on ENEM Performance: Considerations about Scientific and Technological Inequality to Social Justice

This paper sets out from the perspective sociology of education and sociology of science, aiming: analyze the performance of students in nature sciences compared to other areas of knowledge in the National High School Exam; analyze the performance of candidates from public schools and private schools; present preliminary considerations that indicate how the presence of scientific laboratories in schools show some evidence of improvement in performance. The debate goes through by mobilizing the concept of scientific inequality and cultural goodwill to propose an interpretation of data that allows a comparison between the performance in natural sciences of students from several school systems by comparative analysis among public and private schools. The data selection it reports on the microdata of the National High School Exam (ENEM) — 2017 edition — which was investigated the results of students from the final year (senior year) who scores between 600 and 1000 points in natural sciences in order to compare these results with other areas of knowledge. The data show that students from public schools have proportionally more significant performance (between fields of knowledge) in hard sciences (and writing) than students from private schools. In addition, it is found in this range of score of the analysis a disproportion of representativeness of students from public schools on objection of private ones that can be interpreted as a marked characteristic of social and educational inequality in the country.

Using Cinquain as a Form of Representation of Natural Science Knowledge

Using Cinquain as a Form of Representation of Natural Science Knowledge

Гигиеническая оценка в теории и практике воспитания

For the younger generation, socialization in the digital space poses increasing potential and real risks. Simultaneously, the transformation of educational process with a forced increase of distance learning formats, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the issue of interaction between teachers and students in addressing upbringing tasks. This is confirmed by current international and Russian studies. Discussion of the quality of the educational environment from the point of view of its safety inevitably encourages the search for assessment tools. This article provides a theoretical and methodological justification for effective assessment of upbringing hygienic and its implementation in the current context, based on theoretical and empirical studies. The study took an interdisciplinary approach, treating the safety of upbringing as a complex multifactorial phenomenon based on the integration of natural science and socio-humanitarian knowledge. It used a cross-cultural analysis of empirical data from Russian and foreign studies in the development of formats, strategies, and features of hygienic assessment in education taking into account its cultural variability. Network theory was used to assess the importance of the role of relationships in determining teachers’ readiness resources to carry out a hygienic assessment of upbringing safety activities in digital and network contexts. The core of the educational context of safety is defined as the process of providing means and measures aimed at productive self-realization of children in various life situations based on the assessment of real and potential threats arising in the process of socialization. The principles of safety (socio-biological balance, well-being, integration, cognition), the content and indicators of the hygienic assessment of this process (physiological, social, personal, psychological) are highlighted. The article describes the development network of the teacher's readiness to assess upbringing safety based on non-hierarchical value-resource interaction in upbringing activities, assessment of its safety and hygienic potential. The results obtained will contribute to expansion and improvement of theoretical ideas about hygienic expertise in pedagogical processes, disclosure, and clarification of the concept of ‘hygienic assessment in upbringing’, enrich theoretical ideas and effective practices of upbringing in distance education formats.

Economic valuation of Earth's critical zone: Framework, theory and methods

The economic valuation of ecosystem services derived from Earth's critical zone has primarily concentrated on vegetation and surface waters or on a few selected aboveground services; however, the economic value of ecosystem services provided by the atmosphere and shallow lithosphere has not yet been considered substantially. In order to address this research gap, we propose a more explicit and rigorous definition of critical zone services as the human benefits provided by Earth's critical zone. This concept brings a more complete inventory of stocks and flows upon which critical zone valuation methods are based. By considering the 5 interconnected components (atmosphere, vegetation, soil, surface water, groundwater) of Earth's critical zone, we identify from literature review a wide range of critical zone services and classify them into three categories (provisioning, regulating and cultural) defined in the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services. We do not consider supporting services, whose influence is intrinsic to the values of the other classes, specifically to avoid double accounting. Based on the defined critical zone services, we present a methodology enabling economic valuation of Earth's critical zone that is consistent with partial equilibrium theory and accounts for biophysical and economic input to the analysis. This approach achieves two significant aims that 1) incorporate recent new natural sciences concepts and knowledge in evaluating the structure and function of the critical zone into methods of applied economics and 2) provide natural environmental scientists with access to simplified theory and practice of applied economics that is relevant to valuation methods at the location-specific physical scale of the critical zone. The proposed methodology can be used as a quantitative management tool for economists and policy makers to more transparently enumerate the provision of services arising from the biophysical functioning of the whole of Earth's critical zone in the face of increased pressures of increased population, land use intensification, and climate change.

Using Augmented Reality Technology in Higher Education Institutions

One way to increase the effectiveness of a mobile-oriented learning environment is to use augmented reality technology, which enables the integration of real and virtual learning tools using mobile Internet devices. The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate the use of augmented reality technology in physics classes. The article describes and substantiates the relevance of the application of augmented reality technology, considers possible uses of this technology in the educational process, in particular in terms of mobile distance learning. Examples of mobile applications aimed at practice-oriented learning using augmented reality technology are described. Examples of real educational systems that allow to study the disciplines of physical orientation on the basis of this technology are considered. It was found that augmented reality technologies stimulate the educational process and provide the opportunity to implement knowledge in both humanities and natural sciences. This technology expands the educational process towards clarity and motivates the student to further study the material. Visual education is the best thing that can be offered to modern students, which will contribute to the development of scientific and technological progress. The introduction of augmented reality technology makes it possible to improve the quality of education by motivating students to self-study, increasing audience interest in educational material, developing a desire to use modern interactive technical capabilities and technologies, replacing textbooks and laboratory equipment with multimedia computer models. distance learning.

Исторические этапы развития представлений о картине мира

Presented is an attempt to give a historical overview of development of human ideas about the picture of the world. The basic astronomical, mathematical, natural science and philosophical knowledge that forms the foundation of the modem science of the universe, its evolution and structural elements are presented. This allows to create a specific image of the surrounding reality, and look into the future of the Universe and Person.

Computer engineering as the knowledge-intensive core of digital Production: origin and development

The paper considers the scientific and technical essence of forming and developing computer engineering from the very beginning of engineering analysis and design to the latest achievements in this field. In the course of their work, the authors, following the traditions of St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, rely on the development of the fundamental foundations of the natural science knowledge, which has always served as a measure of engineering development. We consider a fairly long historical period from the time of I. Newton, L. Euler and J.-L. Lagrange, who laid the foundation of engineering sciences, through the XIX and XX centuries to our time. The authors focus on the most important tools of research, for both natural phenomena and engineering calculations, - tools of mathematical analysis. Nearly in the second half of the XX century, with the advent of computers, this tool acquired the features of mathematical modeling technologies. Today this mathematical modeling is the basis for development of advanced methods of computer engineering. But this very tool is evolving at an extremely rapid pace, integrating the most advanced approaches of mathematics, physical mechanics, computer (supercomputer) technologies and information and communication resources. This development, together with a number of other computer technologies, radically changed the concept of the traditional, centuries-old production process and gave rise to the idea of the Digital industry.

The anatomy of the brain - learned over the centuries.

This article reports the evolution and consolidation of the knowledge of neuroanatomy through the analysis of its history. Thus, we propose to describe in a historical review to summarize the main theories and concepts that emerged throughout brain anatomy history and understand how the socio-historical context can reflect on the nature of scientific knowledge. Therefore, among the diverse scientists, anatomists, doctors, and philosophers who were part of this history, there was a strong influence of the studies of Claudius Galen (AD 129–210), Leonardo da Vinci (1452– 1519), Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564), Franciscus Sylvius (1614–1672), Luigi Rolando (1773–1831), Pierre Paul Broca (1824–1880), Carl Wernicke (1848–1905), Korbinian Brodmann (1868–1918), Wilder Penfield (1891–1976), Mahmut Gazi Yasargil (1925), and Albert Loren Rhoton Jr. (1932–2016) on the fundamentals of neuroanatomy.

Paradigm and Objectivity in the Sciences

The concept of paradigm became, in the middle of the last century, a central concept in the philosophical discussion about the nature of scientific knowledge. However, little attention has been paid to the strength of this concept in the constitution of the senses in general and, in particular, about its role in the transmission and acquisition of new scientific concepts, not only in the community of scientists, but also among basic-science teachers and students. I argue that a Wittgensteinian-inspired reflection on the transcendental use of this concept, as part of the grammar of scientific concepts, can clarify not only fundamental questions about the nature of scientific activity (avoiding both dogmatic and relativistic conceptions), but can also provide us with clues to identify sufficient, though not necessary, conditions so that something becomes an object for scientific thinking in the context of school education.

Pregled vrednotenj naravoslovnega znanja v prvem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju osnovne šole

This paper presents an overview of Slovenian elementary school evaluation of students’ natural science knowledge in the first three years of elementary school. Science knowledge in Slovenia is not measured regularly; therefore, we have focused primarily on the results of the international TIMSS survey, which measures the mathematical and natural science knowledge of students. The TIMMS survey is performed every four years in various countries, and Slovenia participated from 1995 to 2015. After reviewing and analysing the results of the natural science examinations of Slovenian fourth-graders, we found a steady increase compared to the international average. However, at the same time, the positive attitude towards science lags behind.

Forensic Investigation on The High Failure Rate of Civil Engineering Solid Mechanics Course

Abstract: The attainment of program outcomes for Solid Mechanic course offered to the Diploma in Civil Engineering students is evaluated. It was found that most of the students were incapable to demonstrate graduate attributes which applying knowledge of mathematics, natural science and engineering fundamentals and the ability to analyse engineering problems. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of physics and maths scores on the students’ performance of solid mechanics. Analysis of the previous results in physics and maths shows that there is a clear link between students’ fundamentals knowledge and the understanding of solid mechanics. Meanwhile, this study also aims to find out the root causes that led to the high failure rate of solid mechanics. A quantitative method was employed and a total of 180 students responded to the survey. Results of survey indicate that most of the students perceived that they had limited time to gain deep understanding of the course and they could not visualise the complex problems in solid mechanics. Majority of the students admitted that they did not manage to solve all questions during their final exam, and they were indeed not well prepared for it. Hence, the problem of high failure rate is feasible to be solved provided both lecturers and students making efforts in striving the success of this course. 
 
 Keywords: Solid mechanics, Program outcomes, Failure rate, Problem solving, Applying knowledge

Applying CDIO-approach at technical universities

The article considers the issue of modern engineering training with the use of CDIO-approach (Conceiving, Designing, Implementing, and Operation) aimed to balance the training goals with the practice of teaching at higher technical institutions. Modern pedagogical technologies and innovative teaching methods enable to create such an education medium where the students will obtain profound knowledge, manage the process of designing and exploiting new items and systems, understand the impact of the scientific-technological process on the society. The article also considers various approaches to developing new practice-targeted programs and methods of creating a special education medium. The abilities of students’ engineering thinking are a link between university training and professional activity. Future specialists must not only be able to develop and produce engineering systems, but also combine the knowledge of natural and technical sciences to come up with innovative ideas, have a command of professional ethics and understand the principles of business.

INTEGRATION IN SCHOOL NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION: PROS AND CONS

The article considers the problem of pedagogical integration as a phenomenon that is ambiguously perceived in the educational circle. The processes of formation of the phenomenon of integration in the historical review, its manifestations and evaluation in the educational process, transformation in modern conditions has been studied in the article. The reasons for the negative attitude to integration in Natural Science and ways to eliminate them have been clarified. The advantages of applying integration to the processes of constructing the content of Natural Science Education and teaching Natural Science Subjects in institutions of general secondary education have been revealed. There are three levels of application of integration in teaching Natural Subjects: integrated Natural Science Course, intersubject integration of Natural Science Subjects, and intersectoral integration of Natural Science Subjects in the school education system.
 Models of integrated teaching of Natural Science Subjects in institutions of general secondary education have been substantiated. In the model of training in integrated Natural Science Courses, training has been carried out according to one program, which lays down mechanisms for organizing the content and process of mastering ordered Natural Science knowledge. In the integrative Natural Science model, training has been carried out according to a set of educational programs in individual Natural Science subjects, in which the content and methods of teaching are based on the general apparatus of Natural Sciences, the expected learning results are aimed at forming a key competence in the field of Natural Sciences, Engineering and Technology. The integrating cross-industry model lays the foundations for the formation of cross-cutting skills and flexible skills. All three models complement each other and ensure the continuity and integrity of Natural Science Education.
 The pros and cons of integrating school Natural Science Education that we have reviewed allow us to draw the following conclusions.
 
 At present stage the problem of pedagogical integration is being updated, which requires a detailed study of the existing experience in implementing an integrated approach to teaching Natural Science Subjects.
 The phenomenon of pedagogical integration is not well-established and unambiguous. The taxonomy of pedagogical integration is determined by conditions, factors, objects and processes, which determines the various levels and degrees of manifestation and application of integration, its forms, types and functions.
 The application of an integrated approach in the study of both integrated Natural Science courses and in the case of studying individual Natural Science Subjects is a mandatory and crucial condition for building a natural education system.

Information Support Strategic Management Processes Environmental Policy of Cities

In the report presents some methodological and applied issues of information support for strategic management processes environmental policy of cities, which, within the framework of the National concept of sustainable development of Russia (1996) relate to the lowest level of its system organization. The purpose and the main direction of using the results is the development of “human-machine” planning systems (or support) for optimal management decisions for regional and local structures of environmental management. The research methodology based on the new paradigm of system representation of the world, the theory of “noosphere” by P. T. de Chardin, E. Le Roy (1927), V. I. Vernadsky (1933), a “new theory of entropy” by A. N. Panchenkov (1999). Object of research – the Active Complex organized Systems (ACS) class “nature-society”; subjects – concept and conditions of “equilibrium” and “Sustainable Development” (CSD in the abbreviation UN, 1993) such systems. Research methods – game-theoretic modeling and “Games against Nature”: antagonistic, coalition, cooperative, strategic, situational, etc., which required by the conditions of setting tasks, games. In the simulation, this will ensure the full integration of all currently available natural science knowledge, as well as the ability to perform computational operations others organizational management systems of the class “nature-society”. For that in this study suggests a new “geosystem” approach to the study of sustainable development problems in urban environmental policy, which includes the possibilities of both external (“technogenic”) and internal (or “soft”, that is, maintaining and restoring the ecological balance) management of Nature and Society.