Faculty Of Natural Sciences Research Articles

Antimalarial Susceptibility Profile of Plasmodium falciparum Isolated from Human Population in Selected Health Facilities in Keffi Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the susceptibility profile of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs to assess the efficacy of the ones in use. Study Design: This is a hospital-based descriptive study design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between December, 2023 and April, 2024. Methodology: A total of 385 blood samples were collected and screened for malaria parasites by microscopy. Species-specific screening was done using Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT). Stock/working solutions of selected antimalarial drugs were prepared using standard protocols. The parasite cultivation and its susceptibility to selected antimalarial drugs was determined using the WHO protocol. Matured schizonts were quantified. The degree of antimalarial drugs inhibition of scizonts maturation was determined and the drugs 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) required to prevent parasite schizont maturation indicating resistance was determined. Results: Malaria prevalence by microscopy was 29.9% (95% CI = 25.34 to 34.71%) and 26.7% by RDT. The RDT had a sensitivity of 89.6% (95% CI = 82.48% to 94.49%), specificity of 100.00% (95% CI = 98.64% to 100.00%), Positive Predictive Value of 100.00% (95% CI = 96.48% to 100.00%); and Negative Predictive Value of 95.8% (95% CI = 92.94% to 97.46%). The accuracy of the RDT was 96.88% (95% CI = 94.62 to 98.38%). Six out of the 35 isolates showed 17.1% resistance to Artemether + Lumafantrine. Conclusion: Malaria is present in the study population and is resistant to some of the antimalarial drugs in use. The need for periodic antimalarial drugs surveillance to determine the efficacy of drugs in use is highly recommended.

PELATIHAN PROGRAM MISCROSOFT POWER POINT UPTD SD NEGERI KUNATENA DI DESA KOLANA SELATAN

In today's digital era, computer-based information and communication technology has influenced various aspects of life including education, it is undeniable. Tribuana Kalabahi University, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Informatics Engineering Study Program Class B, Semester V carried out a Microsoft Power Point training service activity in East Alor District, South Kolana Village, Dusun II Kunatena, an activity that aims to facilitate students in making presentation media that is useful for facilitate learning process with a face-to-face method where students meet directly with students to conduct training, and Q&A. Training participants are divided into groups, each group is accompanied by several students. To determine the success of the program activities that have been implemented, an evaluation is carried out. The evaluation is carried out by giving a small test to determine the level of understanding of students regarding the power point material. The conclusion of this activity is that the service has succeeded in increasing students' knowledge in applying Microsoft Power Point. Students at Kunatena Elementary School feel helped by the training that has been carried out so that they can use laptops. Students gave a very positive response to the activities carried out and considered these activities very useful.

Respons Pertumbuhan Rimpang Bangle (Zingiber purpureum) Pada Perlakuan PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria)

Bangle (Zingiber purpureum Rosc.) is one of the species of the Zingiberaceae family that has medicinal properties. Secondary metabolites contained in bangle rhizomes have biological activity as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-asthma, anti-aging, neuroprotective, antimicrobial. Environmentally friendly technological innovation to increase soil nutrient content and plant growth in sustainable plant cultivation efforts is by utilizing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This study aims to determine the effect of PGPR concentration on the growth of bangle rhizomes. This study was conducted at the Physiology and Development Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University. A completely randomized study design was used with five PGPR concentration treatments (0; 75; 125; 175; and 225 ppm). Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (Anova) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The study showed that PGPR treatment can increase the growth of bangle rhizomes compared to no PGPR treatment. The best results at a PGPR concentration of 175 ppm in increasing the growth of bangle rhizomes.

Актуальное состояние и перспективы академической мобильности в классическом университете (на примере МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова)

The article examines the current state of academic mobility at Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU). The results of a sociological study conducted in two stages, from December 2019 to June 2020 and from October to December 2021, in full-time and online formats at the natural sciences and humanities faculties of Moscow University are analyzed. The study was carried out in both face-to-face and online formats across the faculties of natural sciences and humanities at Moscow State University. The primary method for collecting sociological data was a survey (questionnaire). The research identifies students’ attitudes towards the forms of academic mobility offered at MSU and clarifies the factors influencing students’ participation or non-participation in inter-university cooperation and exchange programs. Barriers that hinder the implementation of outgoing academic mobility initiatives are also identified. Quantitative patterns regarding the current state of outgoing academic mobility and its state during the period of sociological research, as well as the reasons for changes in the volume of outgoing mobility in these periods, have been recorded. Recommendations are proposed to help overcome the identified internal barriers to the implementation of outbound academic mobility programs. Vectors of external cooperation are identified that contribute to the intensification of interaction between MSU in the field of education and science with countries friendly to Russia, and the intensification of processes of interaction with the regions of Southeast Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East.

Antagonistic Potential of a Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (B. cereus PS1.1, B. cereus PS1.2, B. cereus PS1.4) Against the Patogent Fungus Ganoderma sp. Isolated from Basal Stem of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) with Rot Disease

Ganoderma sp. is a pathogenic fungus whose attack can cause basal stem rot disease of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Disease control using phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), namely Bacillus cereus can be an alternative to biological control. The purpose of this study was to determine the antagonistic ability of PSB (B. cereus PS1.1, B. cereus PS1.2, B. cereus PS1.4) in inhibiting the growth of Ganoderma sp. BP1 and changes in hyphal morphology of Ganoderma sp. BP1 after antagonistic testing. The research was conducted from January to May 2023 at the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak. Antagonist testing used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the treatments consisted of Ganoderma sp. BP1 (negative control), 1% hexaconazole fungicide (positive control), PSB isolates PS1.1, PS1.2 and PS1.4. The test method used the dual culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) media with each treatment repeated four times so that 20 experimental units were obtained. The results showed that PSB isolate PS1.4 had strong inhibition with an inhibition zone diameter of 11.01 mm, while isolates PS1.1 and PS1.2 had moderate inhibition with inhibition zone diameters of 9.43 mm and 9.45 mm, respectively, against Ganoderma sp. BP1. Hyphal morphology changes in of Ganoderma sp. BP1 that occurred after the antagonist test consist of lysed hyphae, twisted hyphae, hook-like hyphal tips, curly hyphae, bulbous hyphae, branched hyphae and bent hyphal ends.

On the issue of aspects of education of students of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography in the socio-cultural environment of the university

This study is devoted to the study of the socio-psychological characteristics of students of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography of Tuva State University in the framework of their educational process. The purpose of the work was to understand the characteristics, needs and expectations of this group of students in order to improve the curricula and adaptation at the faculty, increasing their effectiveness. The results of the study can provide valuable information to teachers and administrators working with students of this faculty, helping them to better understand the needs, interests and motivation of students, as well as to develop targeted strategies to improve the quality of education and promote student success.

Enhancement of Caffeine Concentration in Todolo Coffee Callus Cultures with L-Methionine and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Todolo coffee (<i>Coffea arabica</i> L. var. typica) is the oldest commercially grown coffee in the Toraja region of South Sulawesi and is currently at risk of extinction. This study aims to induce callus from leaf explants of Todolo arabica coffee and improve the levels of caffeine compounds in Todolo coffee with the additional precursor L-methionine as elicitor. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University. This experimental study used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) approach. The five stages involved callus induction, elicitation with L-methionine precursor, caffeine extraction, qualitative testing using the Parry Method and quantitative analysis via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Tools and materials were sterilized using autoclaving and media preparation followed standard procedures with varying L-methionine concentrations. Callus induction from sterilized leaf explants was done under aseptic conditions, followed by L-methionine treatment and caffeine content extraction. Caffeine was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 272 nm and statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and DMRT at a 5% significance level. <b>Results:</b> The friable callus structure has a shiny and wavy appearance and is more easily detached, which is highly correlated with the speed of callus growth. The callus on the treatment medium is slightly yellowish-white to somewhat brownish, indicating the production of secondary metabolites. The best concentration of L-methionine treatment was 25 mg/L with a percentage of caffeine content of 0.0078%. <b>Conclusion:</b> Results concluded that the addition of L-methionine has a significant effect on the percentage of caffeine production.

Tertiary education students’ perceptions of plagiarism in academic writing

PurposeThis study contributes to the current body of literature on students' understanding of academic misconduct, plagiarism, forms of plagiarism, the reasons they plagiarize, the sanctions imposed by academics for plagiarizing and the methods to address plagiarism in written assessments within the Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, which was investigated in 2021.Design/methodology/approachThe research design was descriptive and grounded in the pragmatism paradigm. The methodology employed was quantitative, consisting of the collection of data through an online, self-administered questionnaire-based survey.FindingsThe results showed that despite students having a conceptual understanding of academic misconduct and plagiarism, they intentionally and unintentionally plagiarized their written assessments, mainly because of the assessment workload (64.9%), busy schedule (52.8%), not understanding the assessment (46.3%) and not knowing how to correctly cite sources (44.6%). Prevalent forms of plagiarism committed by students included finding synonyms for the author’s language while keeping to the same general structure and meaning of the original work (48%) and neglecting to cite sources, misquote sources or unintentionally paraphrase a source by using similar words, groups of words and/or sentence structure without attribution (42%). Academic sanctions commonly include giving an overall reduced grade, giving a warning and asking the student to redo the plagiarized work. The study showed that students preferred flexible and lenient penalties to address plagiarism and objected to sanctions that may jeopardize their academic progression.Originality/valueAn international literature review will demonstrate extensive research on academic misconduct, particularly plagiarism, emphasizing attitudes and perceptions. Despite Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and limited software subscriptions, academic misconduct in Guyana is still poorly understood. Therefore, this study adds to the literature by evaluating tertiary education students' perceptions of plagiarism, given the growing concerns and negative repercussions of plagiarism and student use of AI to produce assignments at this university.

Pendalaman Konsep Dalam Rangka Persiapan Kompetisi Bidang Statistika Untuk Siswa Sma Negeri 2 Seram Bagian Barat

Statistics taught at high school level consists of several basic concepts, namely descriptive statistics, combinatorics, and probability theory. Competitions can be an effective tool to encourage students to hone their skills and assess the extent to which the concepts they have learned are applied well. However, until now there is still a gap in student achievement in competitions between Maluku Provinces, due to gaps in students' understanding of basic concepts, especially in the field of Statistics. SMA Negeri 2 Seram Barat, as one of the leading schools in the region, actually has the potential to encourage its students to excel in competitions, but is hampered by an understanding of basic concepts, especially in the field of Statistics, which is still not optimal. The Mathematics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pattimura University took the initiative to provide deeper concepts to students at SMA Negeri 2 West Seram as preparation for facing competitions in the field of statistics, by providing effective explanations of the basic concepts of statistics that have been studied at the high school level, as well as enriching them with practice questions at Olympic level. to encourage students to work on questions. This activity aims to help students at SMA Negeri 2 Seram Barat Part in understanding the basic concepts in the field of Statistics, as well as as an example for SMA Negeri 2 Seram Barat teachers in implementing more effective student development strategies in order to prepare for competitions in the field of Statistics that will be participated in in the future. will come.

Investigating the Causes of Academic Plagiarism and Ways to Prevent It Case Study: (Faryab University)

Academic Plagiarism is one of the serious issues in both fields of "education" and "research." Formal education worldwide, at all levels, and researchers across various scientific disciplines are the two main groups most affected by plagiarism. In the research domain, those who publish the results of others' thoughts and efforts under their own name not only place their own reputation at serious risk but also harm the social standing of researchers. Through such behavior, they tarnish the societal respect of scholars and intellectuals within the community. The present study examines the reasons for committing different types of academic plagiarism and suggests preventive measures from the perspective of the editorial boards of scientific journals, professors, and students from various disciplines at Faryab University. A total of 44 members of the academic staff, including the editorial boards of social and natural science journals, department heads, and faculty deans, as well as 70 top students of this university, participated in the study. The participants responded to two descriptive questions and a questionnaire, either online or in print. The results of this study indicated that the main reasons for the prevalence of plagiarism at Faryab University included the lack of proper training in research methods and standards, the widespread culture of laziness and cheating among both academic staff and students, insufficient awareness of the types of plagiarism and its consequences, and the pressure on professors and students to submit articles and assignments beyond their capabilities in order to achieve academic promotion, obtain scientific rankings, or graduate. Strict law enforcement and serious punishment of offenders, along with proper education and awareness-raising, were among the most important solutions proposed by the participants to combat plagiarism.

Evaluation of the Total Antioxidant Capacity of Three Selected Plants in Guyana

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the leaf extracts of three commonly used medicinal plants in Guyana, namely Brassica juncea (mustard), Struchium sparganophora (antsbush), and Psidium guajava (guava), for their total antioxidant capacity. Study Design: Experimental-based study. Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were performed at the chemistry laboratory in the Faculty of Natural Sciences and the main laboratory in the College of Medical Sciences at the University of Guyana from September 2022 to August 2023. Methodology: The leaves of these plants were collected, washed, and air-dried at 280C for approximately one month, then pulverised in a sterilised food processor. Leaf extracts were then obtained by maceration with various solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol; followed by filtration and rotary evaporation. The extracts obtained were then subjected to total antioxidant quantification via the phosphomolybdate method using a spectrophotometer. The total antioxidant capacity of the extracts was expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents. Results: Antioxidant activity was seen for all the extracts but in varying quantities. The highest antioxidant capacity was observed for the P. guajava extracts with a mean of 5.2 mg/mL. The least activity was observed for the S. sparganophora extracts, with a mean of 0.9 mg/mL. The ethanolic extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity (10.6 mg/mL for P. guajava; 2.5 mg/mL for B. juncea). The hexane extracts had the least (0.33 mg/mL for P. guajava; 0.24 mg/mL for B. juncea). Conclusion: The leaves of B. juncea, S. sparganophora, and P. guajava have antioxidant capacity but those of P. guajava have greater potential for use as complementary and alternative treatments for chronic diseases.

Enhancing mathematical function understanding in university students: a comparative study of design thinking vs. traditional teaching methods

Mathematical education requires innovative didactic strategies to enhance the understanding and application of mathematical concepts, as traditional teaching methods often lack relevance. This methodology aims to develop a problem-solving scientific approach called design thinking as a strategy for learning mathematics functions. The study was applied to a sample of 138 students of biochemical, biological, and industrial engineering careers attending the first academic cycle at the Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Particular Technical University of Loja-Ecuador. The methodology uses a quasi-experimental design with a convenience sampling method. All participants were divided into a control group (C, D, K) and an experimental group (P, Q, R). Knowledge, skills, perceptions, and engagement were measured through pretest, posttest, workshop, rubric, project, and survey instruments. The pretest results indicate that both groups had similar knowledge of mathematical functions (pretest mean experimental group: 1.42/2 and mean control group: 1.55/2). Moreover, after applying design thinking strategy to the experimental group, variables questionnaire, project, and workshop show statistical differences (p < 0.001) between groups related to the traditional learning strategy, increasing the experimental group’s score in the project (posttest mean experimental group: 1.62/2 points, and mean control group: 1.65/2). The survey opinion indicates that 53.5% of the experimental group highlighted the project’s development as positively impacting their academic training. In conclusion, problem-solving design thinking using scientific projects as a mathematical function learning strategy contributes to improving the comprehension of polynomial functions and developing mathematical competencies, abilities, and skills to generate tangible solutions for real problems.

Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis in Determining Factors That Affect Social Media Selection Among Students of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis in Determining Factors That Affect Social Media Selection Among Students of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya

From forensic chemistry: an educational experience

Abstract The study of forensic chemical analysis not only aids justice in the investigation of accidental or criminal events but also trains chemistry students in analysing hypothetical scenes, such as the design of scientific experiments, and alerting them to potential dangers. In this way, it contributes to generating awareness about safety and security, ethics, and the professional responsibilities of chemists. These, although ambitious, are some of the objectives that have led to the development of this course on Chemical Analysis in Forensic Investigation, whose thematic units and teaching details are developed. This work presents a detailed programme for the Forensic Chemistry course offered at the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires. It includes examples of activities and bibliography, allowing it to be used as a template for similar courses or to adapt some of the thematic units to other chemistry courses. The suggested bibliography supports the education of both students and educators in the field of forensic chemistry. The incorporation of topics such as fires, explosives, chemical warfare agents (CWA), and environmental crimes aims to develop professional profiles for a new generation of chemists more committed to the societal impact of their work.

Design of Digital Lux Meter Based on Arduino Using EL7900 Photodiode Sensor

Aims: To design and manufacture a digital lux meter to the illumination intensity (E) detection tool that is more efficient, relatively cheaper, and can be carried because it has a smaller shape and size compared to tools on the market. Study Design: Design of lux meter digital based on Arduino uno using an EL 7900 sensor. Place and Duration of Study: Physics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, from June 2024 to September 2024. Methodology: The method used is to design electronic components so that it can become a digital lux meter. The main processor uses Arduino. The microcontroller functions as a data processor which is the output of the EL 7900 sensor. The HC-SR04 sensor is a distance sensor whose function is to measure the distance measured on the design tool. The detection results from the sensor are then processed in the microcontroller and displayed on the OLED. Results: Lux meter digital based on Arduino uno using EL 7900 sensors has been produced. The results of the research show that the further the measurement distance from the light source, the illumination intensity (E) decreases. This research also finds that the illumination intensity will increase if the source power is increased. Based on calibration testing between the design tool and the reference tool, it shows very good results with an error rate of 0.06%. Field test results showed that the level of accuracy of the illumination intensity between the design tool and the reference tool at a distance of 150 cm from the light source with different light source power reached 99.48%. Conclusion: In this research, digital lux meter to the illumination intensity (E) detection tool, relatively cheaper and can be carried because it has a smaller shape and size compared to tools on the market. Based on calibration testing, it shows very good results with an error rate of 0.06%.

Preface

Pursuing the successful previous seminar, it is our great honour to hold the 13th International Physics Seminar 2024 (IPS 2024). IPS is an annual meeting hosted by the Physics and Physics Education Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ), supported by the Physical Society of Indonesia (PSI) Jakarta and Banten. The IPS 2024 was conducted on June 1, 2024, in Latief Hendradiningrat Hall at campus site of UNJ, Jakarta, Indonesia. The theme of the seminar is “Physics for Sustainable Future”. This seminar aims to bring together academics, scientists, students, and practitioners to share and discuss theoretical and practical knowledge of problems, new physics trends, and applications. We invited scientists, scholars, engineers, and students from universities worldwide and industry to present ongoing research activities and to support fostering research relations between the university and industry. This seminar provides an opportunity for delegates to discuss and share their experience of new applications directly, to build business or research relationships, and to find global partners for future collaboration. The scope of the conference covers a wide array of topics within the field of physics, including: 1. Material Physics 2. Instrumentation and Computational Physics 3. Medical Physics and Biophysics 4. Earth Science and Astronomy 5. Theory, Nuclear, and Particle Physics 6. Energy and Environmental Physics 7. Physics Education All submitted papers have been initially checked to meet the criteria before submitting to the system. All papers were carefully reviewed to ensure the quality for publication before being accepted. We acknowledge all authors who submitted their papers to IPS 2024. Finally, we express our gratitude to the organizing committee for ensuring the quality of the seminar and to the reviewers for investing the time to ensure the quality of the paper. We acknowledged the academic and financial support from Dean of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Head of Institute for Research and Community Services of Universitas Negeri Jakarta. This seminar has also been supported by the Naraya Hotel, Nutrifood, Walcoo, Mandiri Bank, Attin, and 101 Urban Hotel. We are looking forward to welcoming you in our future International Physics Seminar (IPS). Riser Fahdiran Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia Chairman of International Physics Seminar 2024 (IPS 2024) List of Editors and Organizing Committees are available in this Pdf.

Comparative Analysis of the Distribution of Natural Lighting with Artificial Lighting in Auditorium at Indonesia University of Education, at Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Building

Abstract This article provides an indepth analysis of the lighting conditions in the auditorium at the Indonesia University of Education, specifically within the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of both natural light from windows and artificial light from lamps in accommodating large gatherings of up to 300 people. Using AutoCAD and DIALux, we conduct a simulation experiment to visualize the lighting system, considering factors such as the distribution of natural light and the impact of artificial lighting. Our methodology involves specific parameters for data analysis to ensure a comprehensive evaluation. While observing the auditorium, we note potential challenges, such as the limited impact of natural light. This finding raises questions about the need for adjustments to the architectural design or the inclusion of additional natural light sources. Conversely, the artificial lighting appears to be abundant and sufficient for illuminating the entire space. Considering the broader implications, the study addresses the significance of optimizing lighting conditions in auditoriums for improved user experience and potential energy efficiency. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on effective lighting design in educational spaces. This research is not without limitations, and future work could explore more nuanced aspects of lighting design or investigate the feasibility of implementing sustainable lighting solutions. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into auditorium lighting, guiding future research and practical interventions for enhanced lighting conditions in similar settings.

Evaluation of Auditorium Acoustics in the Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung.

Abstract As a space whose function is prioritized for speeches, the auditorium must respond well to acoustics so that listeners get audibly comfortable when listening to speakers speak. In this study, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Auditorium located in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences will be simulated to determine the acoustic quality of the auditorium. The method used is simulation using Ecotect software. The simulation is done by creating a 3D model and inputting several parameters, such as the absorption coefficient of the material used in the auditorium and the placement of speakers in it. This simulation determines the reverberation time, the initial decay time, or how long the room muffles the sound after the sound source stops, and the sound distribution produced by the sound source or speaker in the room. Based on the simulation results, the acoustic quality of the JICA auditorium is good. This is due to several factors, such as the selection of materials with a high absorption coefficient on the back wall and the shape of the room design, which uses geometric shapes with zigzag patterns on the ceiling and walls, as well as the slope used on the floor and ceiling.

Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Seed on the Testis Histology (Mus musculus l.) Induced Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)

Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is a substance that is able to produce free radicals such as ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), which can cause oxidative stress in the body and damage reproductive organs such as the testes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of avocado seed ethanol extract (Persea americana Mill.) on the histology of the testes of mice (Mus musculus L.) induced monosodium glutamate (MSG). This research is an experimental study that was conducted in October 2023 – January 2024 at Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang. The design used is a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 repeats. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA test (Analysis of variance) using the SPSS 23 application. The results showed that the administration of avocado seed ethanol extract showed a noticeable effect on the diameter of the testes of male mice exposed to MSG. However, it showed no noticeable influence on testicular weight, seminiferous tubule diameter and Leydig cell count. Ethanol extract avocado seed dose 0.84 mg /g body weight / day (P1) was able to improve the diameter of mice testes that had been induced MSGKeyword: Avocado seed extract, Histology of testis, Mice, MSG

Mikania micrantha Kunth leaf Methanol Extract as Bioherbicide Againts The Growth of Amaranthus spinosus L. Weeds

The presence of weeds on plantation land causing a decrease in growth and productivity of cultivated plants. Thorny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.) is broadleaf weeds that have high competitiveness. This study aims to determine the influence of the application of bitter vine (Mikania micrantha Kunth) leaf extracts against the growth of thorny amaranth and the best concentration that can inhibit the growth of thorny amaranth weed. This study has been carried out for October 2023 - March 2024 in the Biology Screen House and Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four levels concentration treatment of bitter vine leaf extracts with five replications. The treatment consisted of bitter vine leaf extract with a concentration 0% (0g/ml) as a control, 15% (0,15 g/ml), 20% (0,2 g/ml) and 25% (0,25 g/ml). Data was analysed using Kruskal Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test. The results showed giving bitter vine leaf extracts can inhibited the growth of thorny amaranth weeds. Application of bitter vine leaf extract concentration 15% was the best treatment that can inhibited the growth of thorny amaranth on parameters weeds height (2,53 cm), number of leaves (2,65 strands), root length (1,74 cm), wet weight (0,13 grams) and dry weight (0,01 grams).