Natural Disasters Research Articles

Literature studies on natural disasters and communication in Indonesia

Literature studies on natural disasters and communication in Indonesia

Natural or man-made disaster? Lessons from the extreme rain and flood disaster in Zhengzhou, China on "2021.7.20"

Driven by extreme weather events, precipitation-induced flood disasters are occurring more frequently, posing substantial threats to both economic development and public safety. Increased human production activities have further intensified the impact of flood disasters. However, understanding of the factors influencing flood disasters and their associated risk assessments remains limited. To better formulate flood prevention and disaster reduction strategies suited to local conditions, this paper takes the "7.20" extreme rainfall event in the main urban area of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, on July 20, 2021, as a case study and uses geographic detectors to incorporate human activities into the quantitative analysis of influencing factor contributions. Based on the three aspects of disaster incubation, disaster causation, and disaster bearing, this study proposes using the influence values obtained from geographic detectors as objective weight assignments for risk assessment, thereby conducting a locally adapted risk assessment of Zhengzhou's main urban area. Research results indicate that the "7.20" heavy rainstorm in Zhengzhou's main urban area involved a superposition of natural and human factors. Impervious surfaces had the highest explanatory power, followed by population density, confirming that this flood disaster arose from the interaction of multiple factors. The flood disaster risk assessment for Zhengzhou's main urban area shows higher risk levels in the central area and relatively lower levels in peripheral areas. The central area features flat terrain, with high population density and a large proportion of impervious surfaces. Among these, 22 subdistricts are located in extremely high-risk flood zones, while 6 subdistricts, classified as low-risk, account for over 60% of the low-risk area, making them relatively lower-risk communities. Comparison with flood waterlogging point data verifies the accuracy of the risk assessment through statistical analysis, allowing for further analysis of the spatial differentiation of flood risk. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for preventing and managing urban extreme rainfall disasters.

Minangkabau philanthropy: The spirits and behaviours of generosity of the Nagari communities in facing natural disasters

Minangkabau philanthropy: The spirits and behaviours of generosity of the Nagari communities in facing natural disasters

In Harm's Way? Infrastructure Investments and the Persistence of Coastal Cities

Coasts contain a disproportionate share of the world's population, reflecting historical advantages, but environmental change threatens a reversal of coastal fortune in the coming decades as natural disasters intensify and sea levels rise. This paper considers whether large infrastructure investments should continue to favor coastal areas. I estimate a dynamic spatial equilibrium framework using detailed geo-referenced data on road investments in Vietnam from 2000 to 2010 and find evidence that coastal favoritism has significant costs. The results highlight the importance of accounting for the dynamic effects of environmental change in deciding where to allocate infrastructure today. (JEL H54, O18, P25, Q54, R11, R42, R58)

A bibliometric analysis on supply chain disruptions: Current status, development, and future directions

The complexity and vulnerability of supply chains in today's globalized economy have heightened the significance of understanding and managing disruptions. Supply chain disruptions, ranging from natural disasters to pandemics, can lead to substantial delays, increased costs, and reduced quality, thereby impacting the operational performance and stability of businesses. Considering the theoretical sophistication and substantial relevance of the field, this research seeks to conduct an extensive bibliometric analysis of supply chain disruption. The goal is to offer a thorough summary of recent advancements and ongoing progress in this specific area. Additionally, it aims to pinpoint emerging research patterns that can guide future studies. We performed a bibliometric review of the structure and global trends of disruptions among supply chains, from 1996 to 2024 using techniques such as analysis of (1) the dataset, (2) sources, (3) authors, (4) countries and institutions, (5) documents, and (6) keywords. A total of 1356 bibliographic records from Web of Science databases were analyzed to generate the study’s research data through Scientometrics networks. The paper concludes by discussing the strengths and limitations of the study and suggesting potential avenues for future research, aiming to guide and inform future studies in this critical area of supply chain management. The findings of this study will enhance understanding of the prevailing patterns in this topic, thus laying the groundwork for future research initiatives in this field.

Analysis of student preparedness behaviour in facing lava rainfall disasters

Students are vulnerable to natural disasters. This is further exacerbated by the large number of schools located in disaster-prone areas, so student preparedness behaviour needs to be continuously improved. This study aims to determine the level of preparedness, awareness, action, and effect students have in dealing with the volcanic eruption of Mount Merapi. This study used quantitative research; the instrument used was a questionnaire made by taking samples at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Salam. The sampling method was stratified random sampling from students in grades 10, 11, and 12. The assessment of students’ preparedness behaviour in dealing with rain lava was based on four variables: preparedness, awareness, action, and affect. Then, each variable was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple correlation analysis. The study results show that the relationship between preparedness, awareness, action, and affect shows a strong level of closeness with a value of 0.680. The study identifies critical gaps in knowledge and behavioural responses that must be addressed to enhance overall preparedness behaviour. The results underscore the importance of targeted educational interventions and community engagement in fostering a culture of resilience among students in disaster-prone areas.

Lahar floods in West Sumatra during the Dutch colonial era: Historical records and societal impact

This research explores documents and archives regarding lahar floods in West Sumatra during the Dutch colonial period. These records are crucial amid difficulties in obtaining historical statistical data to study similar past disasters. The research method used is historical, integrating information from Dutch colonial documents and archives such as newspapers, magazines, diaries (dagh register), government reports, and contemporary books, particularly those discussing societal conditions and Dutch government policies in handling various lahar flood events in West Sumatra during that period. This study is expected to provide new insights for the development of disaster studies and facilitate historical disaster studies in other Indonesian regions that are also prone to natural disasters.

Effect of anxiolytic therapy on blood pressure in patients with hypertension in natural disaster area (Al Haouz-Morocco earthquake): The experience of a telemedicine unit

Effect of anxiolytic therapy on blood pressure in patients with hypertension in natural disaster area (Al Haouz-Morocco earthquake): The experience of a telemedicine unit

The incidence and characteristics of acute respiratory infection (ARI) after the earthquake in West Pasaman and Pasaman Districts, West Sumatra Province in 2022

In February 2022, an earthquake struck Pasaman City in West Sumatra and caused outbreaks of infectious diseases such as acute respiratory infections (ARI). Method: This study used an ecological design by collecting data on the population in West Pasaman and Pasaman Regency in 2022. 13 subjects in West Pasaman and 16 subjects in Pasaman were obtained. ARI cases were mostly found in the female (51.7%) and in the >5 years old group (55.2%). The nutritional status was mostly found in the undernourished category (79.3%). There was no significant relationship between the location of natural disasters and fever or cough in ARI patients (>0.05). Most subjects had a cold (75.9%). Most ARI patients from West Pasaman do not have families with smoking habits (84.6%), while most ARI patients from Pasaman have families with smoking habits (87.5%). There is a significant relationship between the location of natural disasters and families with smoking habits in ARI patients (<0.05). The prevalence of post-earthquake ARI in West Pasaman District and Pasaman Regency was higher among females, particularly in over 5 years old. The affected individuals had low nutritional status, with most of them had cold.

Women’s rights protection in national disaster management law system

Women’s rights protection in national disaster management law system

A Natural Disaster Exacerbates and Redistributes Disease Risk Among Free-Ranging Macaques by Altering Social Structure.

Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events, with severe implications for ecosystem dynamics. A key behavioural mechanism whereby animals may cope with such events is by altering their social structure, which in turn could influence epidemic risk. However, how and to what extent natural disasters affect disease risk via changes in sociality remains unexplored in animal populations. By simulating disease spread in free-living rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) before and after a hurricane, we demonstrate doubled pathogen transmission rates up to 5 years following the disaster, equivalent to an increase in pathogen infectivity from 10% to 20%. Moreover, the hurricane redistributed the risk of infection across the population by exacerbating sex-related differences. Overall, we demonstrate that natural disasters can amplify and redistribute epidemic risk in animals via changes in sociality. These observations provide unexpected further mechanisms by which extreme weather events can threaten wildlife health, population viability and spillover to humans.

Penerapan Collective Risk Model dalam Penentuan Premi Asuransi Bencana Alam

Indonesia is prone to natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis due to tectonic activity involving the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. Therefore, the government introduced natural disaster insurance in 2018 to mitigate financial losses caused by such events. This study employs the Collective Risk Model (CRM) to determine premium rates. The Poisson process and Gamma distribution are utilized to estimate the frequency and severity of natural disasters. Estimation is performed using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), while premiums are calculated based on the expected value and variance of aggregate risk using the Expected Value Principle and the Standard Deviation Principle. The results show that the expected value and variance of claim frequency are both . Furthermore, claims for losses follow the Gamma distribution, with an expected value and variance of and . The mean and variance of aggregate claims are Rp and Rp . The Standard Deviation Principle produces lower premiums than the Expected Value Principle under the same loading factor.

Implementasi Business Intelligence Menggunakan ETL dan K-MEANS untuk Visualisasi Data Bencana Alam di Jawa Barat

In addition to its abundant natural wealth, West Java also harbors a high potential for disasters. The increasing frequency of natural disasters in recent years, such as earthquakes, landslides, and floods, has caused significant losses to the community. Climate change and environmentally unfriendly human activities are the main factors causing these disasters. Therefore, mitigation and preparedness efforts are key in facing future disaster threats. Business Intelligence can be used to process data and provide relevant information, which is a part of information technology. The purpose of this research is to visualize areas affected by natural disasters in West Java Province by implementing Business Intelligence. The method of this research is obtained in the form of a dataset sourced from the West Java Provincial Community and Village Empowerment Office, obtained through https://opendata.jabarprov.go.id/id for the period from 2020 to 2022. In this research, ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) is used to handle data, including extraction (Extract), transformation (Transform), and loading (Load), as well as K-Means calculations to cluster regions based on clusters. The result of this research is in the form of a dashboard report with the help of Google Data Studio, displaying data visualization results for the West Java region affected by natural disasters. Based on the visualization results, the areas in West Java Province with a high risk of natural disasters that fall into the first cluster in 2020 had 2 regions, in 2021 had 4 regions, and in 2022 had only 1 region.

Climate resilient urban regeneration and SDG 11 – stakeholders’ view on pathways and digital infrastructures

ABSTRACT Urban areas grapple with escalating challenges due to climate change, rapid urbanisation, and shifting demographics. Collaborative efforts and innovative applications of big earth data analytics and digital infrastructures are imperative in tackling the issues facing cities and advancing SDG 11. Modernising urban infrastructure is essential, coupled with a focus on people-centric urban regeneration to enhance the well-being of city residents. Urban resilience, encompassing diverse social, economic, environmental, and governance facets, lies at the core of this mission. A resilient city can endure and recover from disruptions, be they natural disasters or human-made crises. Stakeholder engagement, bridging top-down and bottom-up approaches, is pivotal in fostering the use of earth data to promote sustainability and urban resilience. A literature review and on-going research underscores digital infrastructure's potential in fortifying resilient, sustainable cities. Insights from an international forum on ‘Digital Infrastructure for Climate Resilience’ held in Melbourne, Australia in 2023 inform this perspective. Big earth data analytics combined with Urban Digital Twin technologies, emerge as potent tools for urban stakeholders and decision-makers. Despite challenges, opportunities abound to leverage data and digital platforms to bolster sustainable urban development. Effective leadership, government regulations, standards, and cross-sector collaboration are essential for realising this potential.

Broilers Litter Management: A Review of Environmental Impacts, Nutritional Value and Sustainable Utilization

The continuous demand for animal protein occasioned by increase in population has placed much pressure on researchers across the world for improved ways towards increasing animal productivity. The situation is unpalatable as efforts in meeting the needs have been met with insecurity, unregulated policy, natural disasters, unnecessary community conflicts, and problems of land grabbers most especially in developing nations. This has therefore necessitated at different fora exploration of alternative feed resources to increase animal’s productivity and arrest the ugly trernd. Broilers litter, which include poultry droppings, feed waste and also bedding materials has been identified as possible feed resource technology for the ruminant animals’ production. They have high quality nutritional value and can be manipulated and improved upon for higher animal yield. The use of the litter in ruminants business has become an increasingly popular area in ruminant animal agriculture. Although there are associated concerns for safety of meat and milk products from animals managed on such diets despite its high energy contents. Incidentally, information of its inclusion in the diets of ruminant animal agriculture has not been adequately documented. This therefore forms the basis for this work putting into consideration the consequential effects of broiler litters on animal health, its processing, sustainability, safety and its relative implication for the good of man and his environment. Keywords: Feed shortage, non-conventional feeds, poultry litter, environment

Proposal of Priorities for Snow-Removal Equipment by City, County, and District Through Analysis of Vulnerability to Heavy Snowfall and the Number of Snowfalls

In Korea, the predominant natural disasters that occur include heavy rain, typhoons, heavy snow, and strong winds, with heavy snow ranking as the second most damaging natural disaster after heavy rain and typhoons. Damage caused by heavy snow includes not only direct damage from snow cover but also indirect damage due to traffic congestion; therefore, interest in heavy snow damage is increasing. Accordingly, in this study, a vulnerability index was established by conducting heavy snow vulnerability analysis employing the pressure-state-response (PSR) technique. The data utilized in the vulnerability analysis encompassed meteorological characteristics and socio-economic factors of each region, including the length of road extensions by city, county, and district, the maximum daily snow cover, the number of days with an average temperature below 0 °C, and the average sunshine hours. Additionally, the number of snowfalls in each region (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and > 15 cm) was analyzed and converted to a number between 0 and 1. By adding the results of the two analyses, we proposed a priority for snow-removal equipment input in the following order: Nonsan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Buyeo-gun, Gongju-si, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Naju-si, and Jeollanam-do. The proposed priority for snow-removal equipment is expected to be used as basic data to establish standards for securing such equipment in each administrative district.

Space observation for the sustainable utilization of world heritage sites along the silk roads: the routes network of Chang’an-Tianshan corridor

ABSTRACT Urban development under a changing climate pose threats to heritage conservation, necessitating vigilant monitoring of human activities and natural disasters. This study proposes a dynamic monitoring and risk assessment technology aimed at identifying interferences to heritage sites along the Silk Road. The characterization of land use was investigated, and changes within the protected areas were extracted using an object-based deep learning method to reveal instances of human interference. Nighttime light changes were analyzed to assess socio-economic development in heritage regions and cross-referenced with results indicating human interference to examine the relationship between urban development and heritage conservation. Additionally, we extracted various environmental and climate variables to evaluate the risk of flood disasters for these heritage sites. The findings suggest that heritage sites along the Silk Road are generally in good condition. Nevertheless, the substantial increase in construction land highlights challenges in heritage conservation and economic development. This study highlights the importance of vegetation coverage and water diversion measures to prevent floods, emphasizing the effectiveness of space observation in identifying risks. Such observation can help the government manage and protect valuable sites, advancing heritage protection within the framework of sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Reconstructing the 1968 River Chew flash flood: merging a HEC-RAS 2D hydraulic modelling approach with historical evidence

The devastating 1968 flash flood in the River Chew, South-West of England, serves as a stark reminder of the unpredictable nature of such natural disasters and highlights the importance of natural hazard assessments. The uncertain and often incomplete historical data, and the limited field measurements at the time hindered our understanding of this event. By integrating historical evidence, including technical reports, newspapers, literature, and eyewitness accounts, with advanced hydraulic modelling (HEC-RAS 2D), this study reconstructs the 1968 flash flood. A sensitivity analysis of the computational methodologies in HEC-RAS, examining various governing equations and numerical methods, introduces an additional dimension to this research. The results verify a maximum flow rate of 165 m3/s at the Compton Dando hydrometric station, marking a 65% increase from the previous official estimate. This update aligns with over 90% of the historical flood marks observed. Findings suggest recalibrating hydrological models, revising risk assessments, and updating flood frequency analyses in the study area. This novel framework confronts the challenges of uncertain and incomplete historical records through a reverse engineering methodology to reconstruct missing peak discharges. The study also presents a new methodological blueprint that can be replicated for reconstructing historical flash flood events in various regions.

Resilience Tested: Interplay between Mortgage Channels and Natural Disasters on Housing Price

Resilience Tested: Interplay between Mortgage Channels and Natural Disasters on Housing Price

Enhancing land use planning through integrating landscape analysis and flood inundation prediction Bekasi City’s in 2030

Floods pose a significant threat, exceeding other natural disasters in economic and social impacts (Agrawal et al. 2020; Zuo et al. 2023; Kurata et al. 2023). Urbanization exacerbates this risk by altering hydrology and increasing flood exposure due to population growth in floodplains (Mustafa et al. 2018; Cao et al. 2022). Climate change further intensifies this, potentially raising the number of flood-prone people by 2030 (Nguyen et al. 2021; Tellman et al. 2021; Keenan-Jones 2023). Disaster mitigation, particularly spatial planning for risk reduction, is crucial for sustainable development in rapidly urbanizing areas. Current plans often rely solely on static land-use data, neglecting dynamic landscape changes. This study utilizes land-use data (Landsat 8 OLI, 2014–2022) and landscape metrics to simulate 2030 flood risk under urban expansion. We show increased urbanization leads to wider and deeper floods due to land-use changes and fragmentation. Spatial planning needs to consider these dynamics, not just elevation. Our model demonstrates that expanding residential and non-residential areas by 5.54% and 1.47% increases flood-prone areas by 6.5% and 36.9%, respectively. This information can inform policymakers in developing more robust spatial planning for flood mitigation.