Strategic Natural Resources Research Articles

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES IN THE FOREST INDUSTRY

This article determines that forests are an important strategic natural resource of Ukraine. It is generalized that forestry in almost all forest lands of Ukraine is conducted by specialized state and municipal forest enterprises subordinated to the state. In general, it is positive to understand that the environmental management system at the enterprise of the timber industry through the development and implementation of procedures and approaches to minimize the negative impact on the environment, will improve the overall performance of the enterprise. It is determined that the economic activity of forestry in Ukraine consists of the activities of individual forestry enterprises and is aimed at forestry in accordance with existing legal requirements, in the process of which enterprises receive and sell forest products.

KETERKAITAN PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN INDUSTRI DENGAN PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO SEKTOR INDUSTRI DI KABUPATEN BEKASI

The land is a strategic natural resource for development. The need for land for different development sectors creates opportunities for land-use changes. Bekasi Regency is one of the Jakarta buffer areas and has been designated as an industrial zone. With this stipulation, the land-use change for Industry keeps increasing in Bekasi Regency. The changes in land use from non-built land to built land can be characterized as one of the characteristics of land-use changes in urban areas. On the other hand, land-use change can be associated with economic growth. In the regional scope, economic growth is measured based on the amount of Gross Regional Domestic Product. In line with this, in Bekasi Regency, there is a deceleration of economic growth and the value of gross regional domestic product. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between industrial land-use changes and industrial sector of the gross regional domestic product in Bekasi Regency in 2011 - 2020. The method used to analyze in this study is quantitative descriptive analysis and correlation analysis. The results of the study have shown that the growth of the industrial land area has no relationship with the growth of industrial sector of the gross regional domestic product, which is indicated by a negative correlation result.

Implementation of sustainable development principles in mineral and coal mining policy

The concept of sustainable development is one of the principles where development is carried out not only to meet the needs of current generations but also future generations. The most strategic natural resource management activities in Indonesia, namely mining, are not only intended for the benefit of current generations but also for generations to come. The enactment of Mineral and Coal Mining Act Number 4 of 2009 accommodates mining activities. However, the fact that exploration and exploitation activities carried out cause problems to the environment, namely the emergence of environmental pollution and destruction. This can certainly cause losses not only for the present but also to have an impact on the future. In its implementation also found the fact that there is still a lack of understanding of the importance of sustainable management of mineral resources in addition to weak law enforcement.

Geomorphologic exploration targets at the Zhurong landing site in the southern Utopia Planitia of Mars

On May 15, 2021, Tianwen-1's rover Zhurong landed successfully at 109.926°E, 25.066°N, in southern Utopia Planitia on Mars. The Zhurong landing site contains a wide range of geomorphic exploration targets including troughs, raised ridges, pitted cones, mesas, sand dunes and crater ejecta. Aspects of all of these features suggest formation through interactions between volatiles, sediments, and magma. Pitted cones are invaluable windows into the subsurface and intriguing astrobiology targets for Martian life considering that they potentially formed from diapiric upwelling of fine-grained sediments (i.e. mud volcanism), a process that on Earth is often associated with methane release. The ground-penetrating radar onboard Zhurong will provide fundamentally new perspectives on the presence, distribution, and abundance of subsurface water-ice, a strategic natural resource for future crewed Mars exploration.

Comparing Rooting Ability and Physiological Changes of Two Eucommia ulmoides Improved Varieties

Eucommia ulmoides (E. ulmoides) is a significant national strategic resource in China. It is a natural high quality rubber resource, with great development potential. We found large differences in rooting ability during adventitious root (AR) formation in two E. ulmoides improved varieties. Therefore, we used two improved varieties of E. ulmoides, ‘Huazhong 6’ (H6, with rooting rate 85.3%) and ‘Huazhong 8’ (H8, with rooting rate 22.5%) to explore the cutting rooting mechanism. In this study, we mainly determined the morphological development process of E. ulmoides cutting rooting, and compared the rooting-related indexes of the two improved varieties, and the changes in physiological indexes closely related to rooting, which include endogenous hormones, oxidases and nutrients in the phloem of the basal stem. The results showed that indole–3–acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), IAA/ZR and indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO) were the key factors that caused big differences in rooting ability between the two E. ulmoides improved varieties. The increase in endogenous hormone IAA content and IAA/ZR value were necessary for the formation of AR. The increase in IAA content was beneficial to AR formation. The activity of IAAO was significantly negatively correlated with the rooting ability of the E. ulmoides cuttings. The high IAAO activity of the H8 cuttings led to the consumption of IAA. Although the content of IAA increased, the rooting conditions were not reached. The accumulation of nutrients before rooting also has an important effect on rooting; it is easy for cuttings to root when the carbon–nitrogen ratio (C/N) value is high. This research provides an improved understanding of the cellular and physiological underpinnings of the AR process in woody plants. In addition, it provides a theoretical basis and foundation for subsequent research on E. ulmoides cuttage technology.

Analisa Teknis Penetapan Kanal Frekuensi Radio Untuk Lembaga Penyiaran Radio Komunitas Wilayah Kabupaten Batang

The radio frequency spectrum constitutes a limited and strategic natural resource with high economic value, so it must be managed effectively and efficiently to obtain optimal benefits by observing national and international legal principles. Radio Community Broadcasting Institution uses limited frequency allocation in three channels, namely, in the frequency channels 202 (107.7 MHz), 203 (107.8 MHz), and 204 (107.9 MHz), with limited transmit power and area coverage. The problem in this research is the frequency overlap with other community radios in an area. The issue raised is whether it is possible to establish a new community radio in the Batang Regency area by paying attention to existing radios that have licenses in districts/cities that are in the area directly adjacent to Batang Regency by considering the limited allocation of radio frequency channels community, without the occurrence of radio frequency interference with other community radios. The purpose of this research is to solve these problems. It is necessary to have a policy in determining radio frequency users to get good quality radio broadcast reception. The method used is to analyze the frequency determination technique based on the interference analysis on other community broadcasters. By using the Radio Mobile Software for frequency repetition simulation, in this research, the results show that Batang FM Community Radio does not allow to get frequency channels for community radio operations. After all, it interferes with the Service Area of ​​Soneta FM Radio in Pekalongan City because it does not meet the requirements for determining the frequency channel = Eu> NF, namely the Nuisance Field (NF) value of 109.7 dB is greater than the Minimum Usable Field strength (Eu) of 66 dB. In comparison, Limpung FM Radio gets radio frequency on channel 203 (frequency 107.8 MHz) because it meets the requirements for determining the frequency channel = Eu> NF, namely the Minimum Usable Field strength (Eu) 66 dB greater than the Nuisance Field (NF) of 55.7 dB.

A framework for analysing and informing Australia’s National strategic natural resource management policies

ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, the Australian Government has led the coordination and implementation of strategic policies that aim to manage natural resources sustainably. Strategic policies typically seek to manage the consumptive use of natural resources to improve a range of environmental variables. This article focuses on strategic policies which operate under national arrangements where the Australian Government has limited direct constitutional powers to regulate natural resource use, so resorts to indirect measures and financial incentives. While the extent to which such policies give effect to sustainable development principles is debatable, as is their appropriateness for achieving environmental gains, a number of strategic natural resource management policies have persisted in the national policy domain. These present opportunities for understanding good-practice policy-making for managing natural resources sustainably, and an evaluative framework is presented to this effect. Relevant inter-relationships and complexities for policy design and implementation are revealed with the intent of stimulating further enquiries and analyses of strategic NRM policies in the context of Australia’s federal system.

Data security governance in the era of big data: status, challenges, and prospects

At present, the global big data industry is experiencing vibrant development with technological evolution and application innovation speeding up side by side. Novel technologies for data storage, computing and analytics, such as non-relational databases, distributed parallel computing, machine learning, and deep data mining have emerged and evolved rapidly. Big data has gradually become a fundamental national strategic resource and a cornerstone factor in production. However, increasing big data security problems are exposed and the number of big data security incidents occurring around the world is on the rise. Against this background, this paper provides a summary of the present situation of global data security governance, points out the challenges, and then proceeds to raise solutions for further modernizing data security governance systems.

Implementasi Pasal 53 Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak dan Gas Bumi Terkait Pelaku Usaha Pertamini di Kota Denpasar

Petroleum as a strategic natural resource contained in the Indonesian mining jurisdiction is and has become a national asset that has been controlled by the State. This study aims to explain the legal sanctions for first business actors who trade oil and gas without having a business license to distribute oil and gas and describe the implementation process of the government's prohibition against first business actors in Denpasar. This research uses empirical legal research. The data collection technique was carried out through interviews. The data sources used are primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that the regulation regarding legal sanctions for first-time business actors who do not have a license to distribute oil and natural gas has been regulated in Article 53 of Law Number 22 Year 2001 concerning oil and natural gas regarding processing, transportation, storage and commerce. However, with the complexity of business activities today, this regulation has not been able to reach and accommodate the current first developments. The application of the government's prohibition against first business actors in the city of Denpasar is still very contrary to the practice in the field. Only one owner only uses a micro and small business license (IUMK). Apart from that, the government has not been able to take action because there is no legal basis for controlling

Resource Endowments in Emerging Market Countries

This article examines the emerging market countries on their national strategic resources—farmland, fresh water, and fossil energy—which are analyzed from the perspectives of distribution, status of development, and existing issues. The study draws the following conclusions: Emerging market countries have abundant farmland resources yet inadequate per capita resources; because of extensive operation on farmland, grain yield is low, which threatens food security; emerging market countries are saliently short in water resources per capita and face imbalances and low productivity over water use, and their agriculture practices are water-intensive; emerging market countries are growing as global centers for production, consumption, and trade of fossil energy, with a long, coal-dominated consumption structure that has a growing momentum, which subjects them to a greater pressure to reduce carbon emissions; and emerging market countries are inefficient in the use of energy, though they have huge potential for energy conservation and consumption reduction.

Analysis on Path for Energy Companies to Improve Their Crisis and Emergency Management Capabilities

Energy is a national strategic resource affecting national welfare and people's livelihood, which also determines the social attributes of the energy industry. Thai it, its development affects both the economic development level and social security and stability. This paper will discuss how to effectively improve the crisis and emergency management capabilities of energy companies. First, it analyzes how energy companies build the modern integrated emergency response platform by adopting advanced information technologies; based on which, it will analyze the path for energy companies to improve their crisis and emergency management capabilities from company and government perspectives.

Механізм формування аналітичного забезпечення управління діяльністю лісогосподарських підприємств

У сучасних умовах розвитку лісового господарства є потреба в постійній оцінці ефективності системи управління. Це обумовлено тим, що лісогосподарські підприємства є суб’єктами господарювання, діяльність яких направлена на використання, зберігання та примноження стратегічного природного ресурсу України. Мета статті полягає в дослідженні механізму формування аналітичного забезпечення управління діяльністю лісогосподарських підприємств. У процесі дослідження було встановлено, що економічний аналіз є особливою функціональною економічною наукою, яка проявляє себе як сукупність нових знань і на рівні наукових досліджень, і на рівні практики застосування його інструментарію. Встановлено, що отримані в результаті аналітичного інструментарію інформаційні ресурси перетворюються в систему спеціальних знань, що визначає тенденції розвитку економічних систем різних рівнів. Визначено, що економічний аналіз як науку та практичну діяльність можна розглядати з декількох аспектів: економічний аналіз як система генерування нових спеціальних знань, що в результаті визначають тенденції розвитку економічної науки; економічний аналіз як система генерування основного ресурсу постіндустріальної економіки інформації; економічний аналіз як засіб прийняття ефективних управлінських рішень в умовах динамічного розвитку зовнішнього середовища та жорстокої конкуренції. Економічний аналіз дозволяє ідентифікувати напрями розвитку підприємства для забезпечення його стійкого розвитку в умовах невизначеності.

Analysis of the Development of High-Performance Carbon Fiber Materials from the Engineering Perspective

High-performance carbon fiber has superior physical and chemical properties, and as a kind of national strategic resource, it is a key material in major projects such as aerospace. Because of the international blockade and limited level of domestic production, carbon fiber materials are currently unable to meet the domestic market and strategic needs. First, this article introduces the development of high-performance carbon fibers.The manufacturing process of high-performance carbon fiber materials was analyzed based on engineering science knowledge, and the key problem in the entire process was determined. It is believed that for key materials such as high-performance carbon fiber in major projects, engineering thinking should be used to conduct process engineering research on the entire manufacturing process. It is possible to promote the development of related basic disciplines and mechanical manufacturing automation and intelligence by improving the level of key material manufacturing.

Interpretation for the group standard of the General principles of description for pathogenic microorganism collection

Pathogenic microorganism is an important national strategic resource, whose value is embodied in the physical object and its corresponding information and data resources. At present, China has basically completed the designation of national and provincial preservation centers and professional laboratories, and various preservation institutions have been put into operation and begun to play its role of preservation institutions. In order to standardize the data management of pathogenic microorganism preservation and improve the quality of pathogenic microorganism resources, China CDC took the lead in formulating and issuing the community standard of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, the General principles of description for pathogenic microorganism collection (T/CPMA 011-2020). The standard puts forward the data fields and description principles of microorganism strain, including general data such as number, name, separation, hazard classification, transmission route, pathogenicity, and characteristic data such as virus, bacteria and fungi. The core of pathogenic microorganism resources lies in quality and the foundation lies in standards. Taking data standards as the starting point, it will play an important supporting role in promoting the transformation of pathogenic microorganism preservation work to quality improvement, improving resource sharing and utilization, and leading the sustainable development of preservation work.

El agua en la dinámica de los recursos naturales estratégicos en un mundo volátil, incierto, complejo y ambiguo

La idea del agua como recurso natural estratégico de la política internacional no es nueva, sin embargo desde la primera decada del presente siglo, el acceso a la misma ha cobrado especial intensidad. El presente paper pone en valor la idea de agua como recurso mediante el concepto de “Hidropolítica”, al separar el mito de las llamadas “guerras por el agua” de la realidad geopolitica que trasunta al recurso. Al enfatizar en la dinámica conflictiva y en especial en la aspiración de las grandes potencias para hacerse del recurso, dejan marginada la discusion al entender del autor mas apremiante, que es identificar como el recurso afecta los procesos de la politica regional y global de manera diferenciada a partir de ponderaciones completamente distintas entre los actores alrededor del recurso. Al mirar al agua, y siguiendo las premisas del realismo, existe una mayor probabilidad que se produzcan conflictos en torno a la misma a partir del uso compartido, que por la intervención directa de un actor extraregional para tomar el control de la misma. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo, discutir cuando un RNE es considerado factor de conflicto armado ya sea inter o intraestratal, para luego trasladar esa dinamica a la hidropolitica a los efectos si su importancia relativa hace o no que la dinamica en torno a ella sea diferente a la que existe alrededor de otros recursos. En este sentido esperamos demostrar al menos en las discusiones existentes y con la evidencia que muestra el relevamiento sobre lo reflexionado al respecto, es que en relación al agua, la potencialidad existente por los juegos de suma cero, parecen ceder su lugar a construir regimenes internacionales que administren o encapsulen el conflicto. Si en un período determinado aparecen lecturas o percepciones que hacen temer por un futuro donde la escaces provoque conflictos, el cambio tecnológico y la arquitectura institucional permite contemplar un espacio para la resolución de las divergencias que puedan surgir, sin que “la sangre llegue al rio”.

Biopolítica e hidropoder del agua potable en América Latina: Recursos conceptuales para comprender la hidrohegemonía en América Latina

Hablar de la biopolítica del agua y las relaciones del hidropoder en América Latina, supone entender la dinámica básica de las relaciones de poder y las prácticas de la región en el tema del agua, sus procesos de securitización en las agendas de seguridad nacional y sus ámbitos seguridad en la producción, industrialización, minería, alimentaria y de uso común. De modo que se procede hablando del tema y sus vertientes dentro de una significación biopolítica, una descripción de los procesos de gobernanza y gubernamentalización del agua en América Latina, su descripción como un recurso estratégico en América Latina para luego observar en el plano regional la estructura del hidropoder y la hidrohegemonía en las relaciones internacionales de América Latina y América del Norte. Por otra parte, se apunta la complejidad de los procesos de identidad, justicia y movilización social dentro de los que se verifica el deterioro de de las relaciones comunitarias por parte de los proyectos de modernización de la infraestructura y los problemas con el extractivismo como parte de la conflictiva ambiental y social en la lucha por la justicia en el tema del agua y como parte de una contrahegemonía en lo nacional e internacional. Los impactos de las interacciones hidrohegemónicas que tematizan un giro hacia el “capitalismo verde" en América Latina y los impactos que ceden los procesos en temas que son parte de la estructura de desigualdad, que nos muestra los paisajes y sus relaciones con la necropolítica en términos de la migración forzada, el deterioro ambiental, la expulsión poblacional, el trafico de drogas, de metales, de energéticos y el el extractivismo de recursos naturales estratégicos que acarrea problemas como el infanticidio, el juvenicidio, la trata de personas, etc.

Aguas dulces entre Chile y Bolivia: el Silala en su laberinto

Las tensiones históricas entre Chile y Bolivia son un tema constante en la agenda de la política internacional de ambos países y por cierto de América del Sur. El 1 de octubre de 2018, la Corte Internacional de Justicia falló a favor de Chile en el caso de la demanda marítima y declaró que este país no tenía obligación alguna de negociar una salida soberana al mar para Bolivia, derivado de la pérdida de acceso a las costas y territorios tras la Guerra del Pacífico (1879–1883). Sin embargo, este no era el único pleito por aguas entre los dos países. Detrás de la demanda boliviana, se produjo un pleito sucesivo, pero esta vez, una demanda de Chile contra Bolivia el año 2016. Se trata de las aguas de unos manantiales en el altiplano andino a la altura de la ciudad de Antofagasta de Chile, conocidas con el nombre del Silala, aguas que surgen en Bolivia y que transitan hacia Chile. La investigación demuestra que el uso de las aguas dulces, y en particular las del Silala, acuífero que une a Chile y Bolivia en la zona del Departamento de Potosí y la Región de Antofagasta en Chile, trasciende la gobernanza del agua y se relaciona con el manejo de la crítica relación histórica entre Chile y Bolivia. El texto explora el origen del conflicto, las características de estos recursos compartidos, el rol de los organismos internacionales, la presencia de las tensiones y conflictos bilaterales durante el gobierno de Evo Morales, y las implicancias que estas aguas representan para ambos países en el área político–estratégica.

Política externa no governo Lula (2003-2010)

Durante os governos do presidente Lula (2003-2010) foi adotada uma versão moderada do programa neoliberal, que combinou a manutenção dos pilares da ortodoxia econômica com novas formas de privatização, políticas sociais compensatórias, fortalecimento do mercado interno e o indutivismo econômico estatal, fortalecendo as empresas estatais e as empresas sediadas no país, as chamadas “campeãs nacionais”. A política externa mais independente e propositiva, vinculada a uma posição imperialista e autodefensiva em relação aos recursos naturais estratégicos, à economia nacional e a uma posição mais protagônica no cenário internacional, exigiu a aproximação com os países emergentes e periféricos e é neste contexto que se insere a política externa brasileira para a África.

The Law Applicable to Petrolume Contract

As the oil industry is the largest industry in the world, and with the oil contract as the object of these activities, it is imperative to discern some of the issues surrounding it. Producing countries intend to maximize profits from the exploitation of their natural wealth, while consuming countries want to guarantee supply at the lowest possible price. It is important to understand the focus of conflicts in this sector. These are linked, on the one hand, to the need for oil, the decrease in new reserves and the increase in its exploitation. On the other hand, we have the political instability of the producing countries, the disrespect for the environment and social rights of the population on the producing States. This contract has the State and the investor as protagonists. They are often concluded under the aegis of bilateral or multilateral investment agreements between the producer country and the investor's country of origin. Since they are strategic natural resources, the producing State seeks to safeguard the interests of its population. Thus, it is common to include special clauses, maxime stabilization clauses and arbitration clauses. In its regulation, whether in the negotiation or conclusion stages of the contract or even in the dispute resolution phase, an appeal to International Commercial Law is required, covering both UNIDROIT principles and Lex mercatoria, configured here in Lex Petrolia.

The Falklands/Malvinas conflict from the perspective of the Geopolitics of Natural Resources

The objective of this exploratory, qualitative research is to provide a geopolitical view of the Falklands conflict, from the perspective of Strategic Natural Resources, to infer essential elements of analysis that may mark the course of the conflict in the coming years. The Falklands issue and its consequent projection towards the Antarctic continent may present new perspectives for South America in general, but mainly for Argentina, considering that the South Atlantic is prodigiously endowed with nature, with abundant and varied fishing, rich in minerals and hydrocarbons, and that, at the same time, the existence of overlapping demands of maritime jurisdictions by Argentina and Great Britain.