National Psychology Research Articles

Nation as a Neo-Idol: Muslim Political Theology and the Critique of Secular Nationalism in Modern South Asia

Modern perspectives on nationalism tend to privilege structuralist readings which approach nationalism as entailing economic and political restructuring, thereby overlooking the necessary role of human factors in the functioning of nationalism. Religious opposition to secular nationalism is then condemned as backward, reactionary, fundamentalist, or ideological. However, a different understanding of nationalism is uncovered when the role of human factors in nationalism are scrutinized. Toward discerning the role of human factors in nationalism and its relation to religion in general, I turn to Liah Greenfeld’s analysis of social psychology of nationalism as a secular ideology. In exploring the effects of nationalist ideology on religion, I return to the earliest Muslim debates on nationalism in South Asia between two critics of nationalism, Muhammad Iqbal and Abu’l A’laa Mawdudi, and their opponents, Abul Kalam Azad and Husayn Ahmad Madani.

The Image of LANGUAGE in Lexicographical Sources. Analysis of Systematic Data

[full article, abstract in Lithuanian; only abstract in English]
 Language is one of the essential values of the nation, which encodes not only the culture and the identity of the nation, but also what is called national psychology. The article aims at revealing the image of the concept LANGUAGE in modern lexicographical sources. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the Dictionary of Lithuanian Language only 4 out of 10 meanings of ‘kalba’ (language) are witnessed in present-day spoken language, however, namely they show how the concept is understood by the users of the language. The Dictionary of Synonyms provides quite a few synonyms of the language but not all of them are equivalent. Synonyms ‘šneka’ (speech) and ‘žosmė’ are used in the same sense as the language. Another synonym ‘byla’ is quite close to the meanings of the language. However, it has more meanings and some of them are unrelated to the language. The study reveals that there are more contextual synonyms in the speech, such as ‘žodis’ (word), ‘liežuvis’ (tongue). The new meanings can also be highlighted by the antonyms but in the case of language, the Dictionary of Antonyms presents only one − ‘tyla’ (silence). There are more antonyms in the spoken language.

PEOPLE'S CHARACTER AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE ALBANIAN “NATIONAL DELAY”

The timeliness of the Albanian National Interest today appears delayed in comparison with the resolution of the national questions of the neighbouring firmly established nations, such as the Bulgarian, the Greek and the Serbian nations. As a reason for the Albanian “national delay” special attention receives religion, as pointed out by all researchers surveyed for the article hereby. Religion itself, as a social phenomenon, has its own mutually intertwining reasons of economic and psychological character. Religion, above all, is a product of collective psychology, of the common mentality of its bearers in a definite period of economic conditions. Ultimately, it can be assumed that the prevailing of the Muslim religion among Albanians (which is one of the main reasons for their “national delay”) is a phenomenon resulting from their collective psychology. This assumption allows approaching the explanation of the Albanian “national delay” phenomenon and the answers to the questions: “Why is it so with the Albanians? Why do they adopt Muslim in majority?” in terms of the science national psychology, also referred to as social psychology.

The ‘Bulgarian situation’: constructing the myth of a ‘national mentality’ in Bulgarian discourse and its effect on agency

ABSTRACTThis study examines the mythic form of the ‘Bulgarian situation’,which is evoked and managed in moments of social interaction,and during enactments of oplakvane (complaining) in Bulgarian discourse. Based on ethnographic examination of naturally occurring talk, interviews, and various media data, the article constructs the larger cultural narrative available in Bulgarian discourse,which explains the origins of a national identity,linked to a ‘national mentality’ developed over a historical period.This national identity is constituted communication, and highlights a deeply cultural notion of nationality and biology as intricately connected, and developed in the context of the Ottoman occupation,and the following period of socialism. Such a discursive conceptualization of nationality has implications for the local understandings of self and agency, also visible in a larger field of study across disciplines in Bulgaria under the name narodopsihologij (national psychology). The study bridges areas of research within post-socialism and communication and addresses the importance of the macro-processes in moments of transformation by examining how people responded to the uncer- tainty they faced in the long transitional period after communism,thus highlighting the complex consequences of the way the pastenters the present as novel adaptation.

Advertisement. Specific character of translation

The article describes the peculiarities of translating advertisements. Advertisements perform a very important function in the society – they distribute information about the product. Foreign goods make up a significant share of the Russian market today. This fact makes research in the field of translating advertisements popular and relevant.Creating texts of advertisements requires some background knowledge in different fields – in science, history, music, and painting. This knowledge helps to make bright, memorable images; transmits information about the advertised product.Language game is typical for advertising slogans. It adds expressiveness to the text. Language game is very effective. It performs different functions: esthetic, gnostic, emphatic, visual and concealing function that raise the interest to the advertised product. Language game improves the text, makes it easy to understand and memorable.The analysis of advertisements and their translations highlights their semantic, structural and stylistic peculiarities. Translation of advertisements applies communicative approach. To translate texts of this type it is necessary to take into account some presuppositions: national psychology, historical traditions, and cultural background. Extralinguistic component of an advertisement needs use of translation techniques.

FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN DOMESTIC PSYCHOLOGICAL THOUGHT PSYCHOLOGY IN STRUCTURE STOLIITTYA XX: INTERNALIZATOIN, CATFRSIS, ECSTASY

The article presents a theoretical analysis of psychological problems of the individual in the context vchynkovoyi paradigm V. A. Romentsya. The role of open psychological crisis highlights the author of fundamental principles of action and aftereffect.Violated question «vchynkovosti», emphasizes the role of catharsis, ecstasy in the historical, cultural and religious contexts. Open psychological crisis period 10–30 years. XX century poliaspects highlights the cultural and historical development in the formation of national psychology in Ukraine.Accordingly, analyzing stages of modern Ukrainian psychology, we find a correlation with the stages of categories of act, namely motivation, situations, actions and aftereffects. Period open category covers psychological crisis aftereffects when there is a debriefing and create new psychological paradigm. The impact of the Lvov-Warsaw school property Harkivsklyi, Odessa and other schools that have developed psychological science in Ukraine — it is the result of a large property. Contribution to the development of science such as scientists, psychologists V. A. Romenets, S. L. Rubinstein, Vygotsky can not be overstated. In the article the author proposes a new vision of open psychological crisis.XX century for psychological science in Ukraine — is, first of all growing trend to study a unique person that contributed recognize personality traits and individual vision.In conclusion, the establishment of modern psychological science in Ukraine is due to the removal of contradictions in finding the man himself, and implementing an integrated system approach research from context the formation of the modern paradigm of historical and psychological science.

Professor K.T. SHeryazdanova’s contribution to the development of national pedagogical psychology

Professor K.T. SHeryazdanova’s contribution to the development of national pedagogical psychology

Трудности восприятия и понимания художественного текста учащимися-билингвами

The study deals with the problem of the perception of a foreign culture text by students-bilinguals. Special attention is paid to the fact that when teaching Khakass students the Russian literature, it is necessary to take into account their bilingualism - the ability to use two language systems for communication, as well as the features of national psychology. It is noted that Khakass students communicate in their native language mainly in ethnic group (family, relatives, friends, etc.), all the rest of their communication is in a non-native language. It is emphasized that in this regard, the study of Russian literature should take into account the specificity of the perception of the literary text by students-bilinguals. It is proved that such a student can become a qualified reader of the works of Russian literature on the condition of teaching reading skills and comprehension of the foreign culture text. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the authors rely on data of the associative experiment conducted on the basis of ethno-cultural vocabulary on the works of Russian classical literature. It is concluded that the differences in perception of Khakass students in comparison with Russian students appear not only to the reactions on the Russian stimulus word, but in the main directions of the association. The article proposes a classification of reading skills, taking into account the peculiarities of perception of the literary text by students-bilinguals.

Особенности культурной адаптации заимствованных фразеологизмов, содержащих лексемы полезных ископаемых, в русском и английском языках

The article tries to reveal the national particularity of usage of borrowed phrasemes, to show that despite their international character they function differently in different target languages adapting to culture, traditions, reflecting national psychology. The semantics of the same phraseological calque varies to some extent in various languages. The context of usage, frequency and relevance to the culture may vary significantly. The article describes some phrasemes with supplemental words, semantic extension, cases when collocations undergo further mataphorisation. Among the international phrasemes to be compared are some borrowings from the Bible, classic phrasemes of antique origin, mythologems. The diachronic processes leading to alteration of frequency, coining or losing of some connotations are also studied. The phraseme is considered to be like a living thing which adapts to a cultural environment and reacts to the changes occurring in it. The article contributes to cultural linguistics, helps to find the ways of fruitful intercultural communication.

Механізми і показники соціалізації дитини з інтелектуальними порушеннями

У статті розглянуто проблему соціалізації дітей з вадами інтелектуального розвитку. Обґрунтовано теоретико-методологічні основи зазначеної проблеми; з’ясовано психологічний зміст процесу соціалізації. Мета статті полягає у визначенні механізмів забезпечення і стадій соціалізації, показників успішності на кожній із них. Показано практичнезначення розв’язання проблеми соціалізації, позитивне забезпечення якої суттєво впливає на комфортність життєдіяльності осіб з інтелектуальними порушеннями в нових соціально-економічних умовах розвитку суспільства.

Психотерапия горя: история становления и текущая практика в зарубежных исследованиях

Psychological assistance in grief is one of the highly solicited areas of practice in the field of psychology. Nevertheless, the modest amount of publications devoted to the conceptualization of grief, practical methods of assistance or the results of empirical research in the national psychological science still attest to the fact that this area of psychology requires further investigation. In this regard, we find it advisable to analyze the studies of our foreign counterparts in the field of grief therapy. Thus, the article describes three historical movements in the conceptualization of grief, as well as modern concepts of grief therapy, backed up by the findings provided by psychology students, psychotherapists, clients and members of online communities. There are examples and methodological recommendations on individual, group and online technologies of psychological help in the situation of grief. This review of foreign publications shows extensive prospects for the research in this area for the national psychology, but also provides some guidelines for practicing psychologists.

On the Cultural Expert Examination of Politicized History

The article is devoted to the problems of continuity in history and in the russian cultural-historical process. There are discussed the concepts and views, in which preference goes to politics and history in general is politicized. It is stated that russia is characterized by lack of unity in historical and civilizational development, rational element in culture, and cultural isolation, which results in special, often dominant, importance given to radical reformations, revolutionary rifts, breaks of the historical process, lack of continuity in traditions. along with this, a large importance is given to the reforms of Peter the great and to the october revolution of 1917. However, with proper attention to the problems of national culture (which has always been evolving in its own way, but in constant dialogue with other cultures, primarily Euro pean), national psychology, peculiarities of interaction between culture and religion, the cultural-historical process appears in a more holistic form, correcting the common unilateral judgments of our past. The article highlights the subjects, in the national cultural-historical process and the political history of the country, related to the principal moments of formation and development of the cultural policy, relations between the church and the state, arts in the imperial (or synodal) period of russian history.

До питання про дослідження емотивності та емотивної лексики

The article deals with the problem of emotivity definition in Psychology,Philosophy and Linguistics. The interpretation of emotional and emotivelexis in linguistic literature, different approaches to the definition of itsgroups as components of the Ukrainian and Russian literary languagehave been analyzed. Attention is drawn to the relationship of categories ofemotionality, expressiveness, evaluation, imagery; on the selection amongthe vocabulary of the Russian language of the lexicon of emotions of thebasic emotive senses (grief, love, joy, anger, fear, etc.) Analyzed by oikonimts Buzhsk, Lyubech, Lyubsha, Lviv, Orhosh, Snovsk, Udech, Chernykhiv, Chernigiv and others, as evidenced by the definitive oiconimes dominant of the ancient Chernihiv and Halych lands. It was found out that the person-nominator is in the center of the created onimes, and the names of the inhabited and named objects form a unique onimes space. It has been proved that the analysis of anthroponymes, which became the basis for the names of settlements, has a special place within the linguocultural perspective. Anthroponymes are some of the most cultured language signs, and hence the anthroponymes system of any language is a fundamental material for the knowledge and disclosure of the consciousness of the people, for understanding national psychology, even the regional character of a person. Examined by oikonimes within the three models: the possessive formations on   -*jь, derivates on -*ovъ, from hydrоnymes oikonimes with suffix -*ьskъ. Summed up, the same oikonimes models speak about the uniform principles of nomination of settlements; ancient slavic names, the components of which are read in the foundations of the oikonimes, testify to the spiritual and cultural unity of those whose names served as the motive for the nomination of settlements.

Чернігівщина та Львівщина в контексті спільних ойконімних домінант

In the article analyzes the oikonimes of the present Chernihiv and Lviv regions, which testify to the unity of the Ukrainian oikonimes space, starting from the period of Kievan Rus. The purpose of the article is defined – to consider oikonimes as linguocultural symbols with a large content of information about the socio-historical and cultural life of the autochthonous people on their land. It is noted that the linguocultural aspect of onomastic research involves studying the national-cultural background, which has its own names, shows the connection of the process of creation with the ethnic consciousness, national mentality and culture, as a rule, monolithic throughout the ethnic territory. Analyzed by oikonimts Buzhsk, Lyubech, Lyubsha, Lviv, Orhosh, Snovsk, Udech, Chernykhiv, Chernigiv and others, as evidenced by the definitive oiconimes dominant of the ancient Chernihiv and Halych lands. It was found out that the person-nominator is in the center of the created onimes, and the names of the inhabited and named objects form a unique onimes space. It has been proved that the analysis of anthroponymes, which became the basis for the names of settlements, has a special place within the linguocultural perspective. Anthroponymes are some of the most cultured language signs, and hence the anthroponymes system of any language is a fundamental material for the knowledge and disclosure of the consciousness of the people, for understanding national psychology, even the regional character of a person. Examined by oikonimes within the three models: the possessive formations on   -*jь, derivates on -*ovъ, from hydrоnymes oikonimes with suffix -*ьskъ. Summed up, the same oikonimes models speak about the uniform principles of nomination of settlements; ancient slavic names, the components of which are read in the foundations of the oikonimes, testify to the spiritual and cultural unity of those whose names served as the motive for the nomination of settlements. Key words: oikonim, anthroponym, hydronym, onomastics, linguoculture, Chernihiv region, Lviv region.

Adjustment of Higher Secondary Students of NCR (National Capital Region)

Maladjustment in any way leads to lot of social, psychological and behavioural problems. Present research paper is an attempt to find out the difference in the level of adjustment of male and female higher secondary students of NCR region, so that the measures are taken at school level to enhance the levels of adjustment amongst school students enabling them to become better performers at school and to deal with gender biases prevalent in Indian system. For this study a sample of 200 higher secondary students (100 female students and 100 male students from higher secondary classes) was selected with the help of stratified random sampling method from Ghaziabad and Gautam Budh Nagar of Uttar Pradesh, India. For collection of data A.I.S.S(Adjustment Inventory For School Students) by Prof. A.K.P. Sinha and Prof .R.P. Singh (published by National Psychological Corporation, Agra, India) was administered on selected sample. With the help of this study significance of differences with respect to emotional adjustment, social adjustment, educational adjustment and total adjustment between female and male higher secondary students, is analyzed. These differences in adjustment between male and female students were compared with the help of statistical Analysis: mean, standard deviation and t value. Analyses of data revealed that significant differences exist at .05 and .01 levels between male and female higher secondary students only in the area of social adjustment.

Implementing the National Psychological Support System through Case Analysis of Disaster Victims

자연재난과 사회재난 발생 빈도의 증가는 재난을 직⋅간접적으로 경험하는 재난 피해자에게 악영향을 주기 때문에, 국가차원의 재난복구체계를 지속적으로 보완하고 제시해야 할 필요가 있다. 하지만, 재난 피해자에 대한 심리적 지원보다는 물질적⋅경제적인 지원이 선행으로 이루어지고 있어 재난발생 이후에 발생하는 외상 후 스트레스 장애(PTSD)를 사전에 예방하지 못하는 문제점이 빈번하게발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 자연재난과 사회재난이 빈번하게 발생하고 있는 미국과 일본의 대규모 재난에 대한 심리지원 사례를 중심으로 국내의 심리지원체계에 적용 가능한 방향을 마련하고자한다. 또한 각 국가의 심리지원기관의 운영사례를 통해 국내 심리지원에 따른 시사점과 우선지원을위한 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

THEORETICAL STUDIES OF DIALOGUEEXPERIENCE AS SENSE AND MEANING GENERATING TYPE TECHNOLOGY

The article analyzes contemporary pedagogical researches of dialogue and psychological researches of experience. It is shown that in the pedagogical development of dialogue planned a trend to reveal its and meaning generating resource through the adding of experience in every type of dialogue (existential, intentional, reflective, sense), because the experience recognized track of sense. In addition, pedagogical developments emphasize different forms of dialog interaction of teacher and students. Among them: monologue-dialogue-polyphony; trialogue; closed-monologue and open-dialogic forms of communication; internal and external dialogues; interpersonal and introspective dialogue; polylogues and interpolylogues. At the same time dialogue occurs in terms of opening a semantic field, somehow realizing intentional, motivational-semantic, affective and other orders of the person of student, which makes dialogue as true source of personal actualization of potential in educational process. It was found that experience is considered in various contexts in psychological studies. National psychology is paid preferential attention to experience as an emotion, as internal activities aimed at restoring of emotional balance. There are paucity studies of semantic nature of experience. In the framework of semantic didactics of metaphoric representation of the experience as track sense received a substantial scan as the relationship to the image of an object that arises under the dropdown. The content of the article emphasizes that the problem of closure on the dialogue to experience, and experience to dialogue is designated on, but not solved in pedagogical researches. The result of the analysis of theoretical studies of the problem of dialogue-experience of and meaning generating technology became the systematization and synthesis of the main types of dialogues and experience on various methodological bases, allowing observe of the main categories trends development within the new psychological and pedagogical direction - semantic didactics.

К проблеме оптимизации принципов таксономического исследования языков

This article deals with the problem of optimizing the principles of the taxonomic study of languages based on a method that “goes” from a category to its representation signs. The revealing of invariant and relevant categories, and the contrastive study of all the means of their linguistic representation in a number of Nostratic languages, allows us to provide an adequate, complete and exhaustive description of these categories by way of taxonomy. The article emphasizes that this approach to the contrastive description of languages is oriented toward the ethno-linguistic and axiological aspects of linguistics. The representation of a continuum in a language system associated with any ethos depends on the national psychology as well as ethnic mentality of language speakers and is implemented within the axiological paradigms of a given society. The author formulates the hypothesis that the comparative study of languages based on the principles of representative grammar is important both theoretically and practically as the set of basic categories of a continuum representation is common to all language systems.

ЖУРНАЛІСТСЬКА ОСВІТА : ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ ТЕЛЕВІЗІЙНИХ РЕПОРТЕРІВ

The article deals with the trends of higher professional training (education in journalism). Enhancing professional competence of mass media specialists, such as journalists and television reporters, is becoming increasingly important. Modern educational theory rejects an absolute educational ideal (all-round man) and moves to a new ideal – the maximum development of self-directedness and self-education abilities. At the core of improvement of the professional training of journalists and television reporters lies the formation of their universal professional thinking. The increased cognitive and information bases in the modern world is not covered by the traditional concept of professional qualifications, the more adequate becomes the concept of competence. In national and foreign psychology the effectiveness of practical and professional activities of any specialist, his professional competence is primarily associated with a special kind of thinking – professional. Professional activities of television reporters can be described in terms ofspeed, mobility, adaptability, responsiveness, ability to switch from one task to another. Flexibility professional thinking of television reporter depends on freedom of thought in choosing the ways of reporting about an event and is characterized by a commitment to find a solution taking into account working conditions (speed, mobility, good command of multilayer language being used to communicate information–verbal and visual). Thinking that is strictly limited due to the shortage of timeis also one of the dominant types of professional thinking.

George L. Mosse and Walter Laqueur on the History of Fascism

The history and analysis of fascism has been a major theme of the first half century of the Journal of Contemporary History, and was a key interest of its founding co-editors, George L. Mosse and Walter Laqueur. Both made important contributions to the field, but their approaches were quite different. Mosse began his work on fascism earlier and, in a manner consistent with his other research, emphasized cultural and ideological aspects. He was arguably the first to draw attention to ideology as a coherent aspect for study and inaugurated the ‘cultural turn’ in the historiography of fascism long before this became generally fashionable. Mosse was a pioneer in research on popular culture and the visual arts in this area, as well as on the role and character of myth, developing what some scholars have termed an anthropological approach. He also expanded treatment of the development of racial thought and made a major contribution to studying the psychology and culture of nationalism and mass mobilization. Walter Laqueur entered the field somewhat later and stimulated work on the origins and comparative history of fascism. His books were not as innovative in methodology as those of Mosse, but broader in scope and chronological treatment, and sometimes more narrative in structure. Laqueur extended the inquiry to Russia and to the Middle East, areas in which he was a specialist, and also examined the possibilities of neofascism after 1945, as well as its relation to Islamism at the end of the twentieth century.