National Land Research Articles

Assessing and predicting land cover dynamics for environmental sustainability in Jordan's arid ecosystems using CA-Markov model

Jordan's arid ecosystems face a threat of environmental degradation due to increasing human activities driven by a growing population and economy. This study assesses Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes in regional and ecoregional landscapes, particularly in a region with an east-west environmental gradient, spanning 41 years (1990–2030). The study utilizes the Jordan National Land Cover Dataset (JNLCD) for historical data and employs the CA-Markov model to generate a future land cover map. The results revealsignificant changes, particularly the tripling in size of urban areas at the expense of primary croplands. The Steppe ecoregion, known for its fragility, experienced shifts into irrigated agriculture practices and loss of natural rangelands. The period between 2000 and 2015 marked as the most dynamic period as the region landscape underwent significant change due to population growth and influx of refugees. During this period, 123 km2 of rainfed agricultural areas were consumed by urbanization while rainfed agriculture activities expanded into sparsely-vegetated/barren areas (55 km2). Additionally, 33 km2 of sparsely-vegetated/barren areas were transformed into irrigated agriculture. This study offers a comprehensive and innovative analysis of LULC changes in Jordan's arid ecosystems. While it highlights the ecological importance of the region and its potential to enhance environmental resilience, it also underscores the negative impact of human interventions, which have disrupted spatial arrangement, connectivity, stability, and structure. By bridging historical data with future projections, employing detailed landscape metrics, and addressing socio-economic drivers, this work provides valuable insights for sustainable land use planning and environmental conservation in Jordan.

Exploring and Predicting Landscape Changes and Their Driving Forces within the Mulan River Basin in China from the Perspective of Production–Living–Ecological Space

With rapid economic development and urban expansion, China faces a serious imbalance between production, living, and ecological land use, in which the erosion of water ecological space by urban expansion is especially notable. In order to alleviate or solve this imbalance, this study constructs the water ecological space in the Mulan River Basin based on national land spatial planning using remote sensing statistics and the 2000–2020 statistical yearbooks for the Mulan River Basin. A landscape index is applied to explore this landscape in terms of its production–living–ecological space (PLES) patterns and evolutionary characteristics. Factors affecting the drivers of PLES changes are analyzed through Geo-Detector, and predictions are made using the cellular automata Markov (CA-Markov) model. It was found that (1) PLES distribution patterns in the Mulan River Basin from 2000 to 2020 are dominated by non-watershed ecological spaces, with a significant expansion of living space. Its ecological space is shrinking, and there is significant spatial variation between its near-river and fringe areas. (2) Of the PLES conversions, the most dramatic conversions are those of production space and living space, with 81.14 km2 of production space being transferred into living space. Non-water ecological space and water ecological space are also mainly transferred into production space. (3) As shown by the results of the landscape index calculation, non-water ecological space in the Mulan River Basin is the dominant landscape, the values of the Shannon diversity index (SHDI) and Shannon homogeneity index (SHEI) are small, the overall level of landscape diversity is low, the aggregation index (AI) is high, and the degree of aggregation is obvious. (4) The progressive PLES changes in the Mulan River Basin are influenced by a combination of natural geographic and socioeconomic factors, with the mean population density and mean elevation being the most important factors affecting PLES changes among social and natural factors, respectively. (5) The Kappa coefficient of the CA-Markov model simulation is 0.8187, showing a good simulation accuracy, and it is predicted that the area of water ecological space in the Mulan River Basin will increase by 3.66 km2 by 2030, the area of production space and non-water ecological space will further decrease, and the area of construction land will increase by 260.67 km2. Overall, the aquatic ecological space in the Mulan River Basin has made progress in terms of landscape ecological protection, though it still faces serious erosion. Therefore, attaching importance to the restoration of the water ecological space in the Mulan River Basin, integrating multiple elements of mountains, water, forests, fields, and lakes, optimizing the spatial structure of its PLES dynamics, and formulating a reasonable spatial planning policy are effective means of guaranteeing its ecological and economic sustainable development. This study offers recommendations for and scientific defenses of the logical design of PLES spatial functions in the Mulan River Basin.

ANALISIS HUKUM PENDAFTARAN TANAH TERHADAP TANAH KOMUNAL

Customary land rights are the highest form of land ownership under customary law, encompassing all land within a specific customary legal jurisdiction, jointly held by members of the indigenous community. The purpose of this research is to find a model for registering communal land in the land registration system and to determine the legal status of communal land in the land registration system. The research methodology used in this study is normative legal research, employing various approaches such as statutory approach and conceptual approach. The legal sources used include primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The research findings indicate that the registration of communal land in the land registration system, both de facto and de jure, has been recognized and protected through two regulations that acknowledge the existence of communal land, namely Ministerial Regulation No. 10 of 2016 and the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program. Essentially, communal land controlled by indigenous communities will be acknowledged through a decree issued by the regent/mayor/governor for the registered communal land at the local National Land Agency (BPN) office. However, the legal status of communal land in the Land Registration System shows that communal land is not included in the rights to land as regulated in Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 concerning land registration. Therefore, a revision of the land registration regulation is necessary to ensure the legal certainty of communal land controlled by indigenous communities

Revisiting the Landscape Mosaic model.

The landscape mosaic model quantifies and maps the spatial juxtaposition of different land uses. It provides a landscape perspective of anthropic threats posed by agriculture and urban development, and the spatial-temporal shifting of the landscape mosaic indicates landscapes where anthropic intensity has changed. We use the U.S. Geological Survey provided National Land Cover Database (NLCD) for the years 2001 and 2021 to derive the landscape mosaic at five analysis scales. To improve earlier implementations of the model, we introduce the heatmap, a flexible scheme providing more thematic reporting opportunities and allowing for better quantitative summary reporting across analysis scales as well as for temporal trends. The results are exemplified at regional scale for the Atlanta metropolitan area. We use the improved model to investigate the land cover context over time and at different analysis scales and show how custom color tables detail different thematic features of the landscape mosaic, including the degree and change of anthropic intensity. We conclude with a discussion of potential applications in ecology, landscape planning, and restoration to illustrate the benefits of the revised landscape mosaic model. All assessment tools are now available in open-source software packages.

TINJAUAN YURIDIS PEMECAHAN TANAH LEBIH DARI LIMA BIDANG UNTUK HAK MILIK PERORANGAN

The emergence of a regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning or the Head of the National Land Agency on the prohibition of land division of more than five parcels for individual property rights is a way to overcome the rampant housing or disguised lots that have sprung up so far. The regulation is stipulated in Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning or Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 16 of 2021 concerning the Third Amendment to Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs or Head of the National Land Agency Number 3 of 1997 concerning Provisions for the Implementation of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. The purpose of this writing is to find out how the juridical review of land splitting of more than five parcels for individual property rights and what the legal consequences are for individuals who split more than five parcels of land. This research uses normative juridical approach with legislation. The result of this research is that the ownership of property rights to individual land or the division of individual land parcels is not allowed to exceed five parcels except if the base of the right comes from the transfer of inheritance rights or the base of the right with the building rights certificate. Apart from that, the division of more than five parcels must also be balanced with permits from the authorized agency, and usually with the base of the Building Rights Title, but in the current era there are still many Individual Property Rights whose ownership exceeds five parcels. However, with the emergence of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning or Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 16 of 2021, the regulation is more strictly applied in practice. Keywords: Land Division of More than Five Parcels, Agrarian.

Research on Photovoltaic Development in Northwestern China using Remote Sensing Images

Abstract. Photovoltaics, a clean energy source, have received widespread attention worldwide recently. Many countries are carrying out photovoltaic construction, while also compiling and analyzing their photovoltaic development status. The same goes for China. In northwestern China, a considerable number of cities lack electricity. Meanwhile, its vast plains and abundant sunlight are conducive to the construction of photovoltaics. Therefore, the northwestern China has vigorously carried out photovoltaic construction nowadays. With the support of high-resolution and multi-temporal remote sensing images, we are able to analyze the development status of photovoltaics in these regions. We chose six provinces in northwestern China as our research areas and took three steps to complete our studies. Firstly, we extracted patterns of photovoltaics using deep learning methods. Secondly, based on the patterns and national land use survey data, we calculated the distribution and development status of photovoltaics in each province. Thirdly, we present the statistical results in figures and charts, showing the photovoltaic construction status and its development trend. We finally made conclusions and discussions about our insufficiency in work and future plans for further study.

Identification of Key Areas for Ecological Conservation and Restoration based on Multi-source Data and Remote Sensing Time Series Analysis

Abstract. Ecological conservation and restoration of national land space is an important aspect for implementing the national ecological civilization strategy, and an important measure for establishing the national ecological security pattern and coordinating the systematic management of mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand. The identification of key areas for ecological conservation and restoration is a precondition to spatially and temporally laying out ecological conservation and restoration planning, which is crucial for the ecological conservation and restoration of national land space. Therefore, this paper considers Henan Province as the study area and carries the research and practice of identifying key areas for ecological conservation and restoration by integrating multi-source data and remote sensing time series analysis. Firstly, based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform and MOD13A1 data, the Mann-Kendall method is used to analyze the trend of time series NDVI in the study area from 2011 to 2020. Secondly, based on multi-source data such as meteorological, soil, topographic, net primary production (NPP), etc., an ecosystem health analysis and assessment based on ecosystem service trade-off and synergy is used to select ecological source. Finally, based on the results of time series NDVI analysis and ecological source selection, fusion analysis is used to identify key areas for ecological conservation and restoration. The results show that this proposed research framework not only considers the “static” ecosystem services and ecosystem health attributes, but also measures the “dynamic” ecosystem change trends. It can effectively identify key areas for ecological conservation and restoration in national space. The results of the study can provide technical support for the background survey, problem identification, planning and engineering layout of ecological conservation and restoration in the national land space.

Spatio-Temporal Changes of Arable Land and Their Impacts on Grain Output in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1980 to 2020

The “Yangtze River Economic Belt Development Strategy” is one of China’s three major national development strategies. Enhancing the protection and quality of arable land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) is pivotal for fostering regional growth. In this study, land use data spanning the years 1980 to 2020 in the YEB were extracted from the national land use database maintained by the Resource and Environment Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Employing Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis techniques and arable land change metrics, the study delineated the spatiotemporal characteristics of arable land alterations across the YEB for the period. Additionally, using grain output data at the prefecture level from 2011 to 2020, the paper calculated provincial grain output to analyze the impact of arable land changes over the last four decades on grain output. The findings revealed that: (1) From 1980 to 2020, the total arable land area in the YEB decreased by approximately 41,775 square kilometers, with the most significant decrease occurring in the downstream region. (2) From 1980 to 1990, the primary factor contributing to the decrease in arable land area was the expansion of water bodies, while from 1990 to 2020, the principal reason for the reduction in arable land area was the expansion of construction land. (3) From 1980 to 2020, the decrease in arable land area resulted in a net reduction of approximately 25.12 million tons in total grain output, with the largest decline observed in the downstream regions and the smallest decline in the upstream regions. (4) Consistent with the trends in arable land area reduction, the main reason for the decline in grain output from 1980 to 1990 was the expansion of water bodies encroaching upon arable land, whereas from 2000 to 2010, the primary cause of arable land reduction was the expansion of construction land areas. In conclusion, the research suggested that over the past four decades, the primary driver behind the reduction in arable land within the YEB has been the expansion of construction land areas. Particularly noteworthy was the period from 2000 to 2010, during which the impact of arable land reduction on grain output was most pronounced. This period coincided with the rapid economic development and accelerated urbanization process within the YEB.

Community Participation in Urban Land and Housing Delivery: Evidence from Kerala (India) and Dar es Salaam (Tanzania)

Current approaches to the provision of shelter, largely driven by national governments and/or the commercial private sector, continue to fall short of what is needed to reduce housing deficits. The number of people without access to adequate housing continues to grow, especially in cities of the Global South. Increasing attention is being paid to alternative models for organizing land and housing delivery, such as those led by, or at least including, civil society. In this paper, we consider two national land and housing programs—the 20,000 Plots Project in Tanzania, and Basic Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP) in India—alongside community-led housing initiatives from each country. We explore the extent to which community participation in housing delivery can have social and environmental advantages when compared to ‘business as usual’ methods and find that, given appropriate state support, community-based, and civil society actors (including organizations of the urban poor) have significant potential to contribute to acquiring land, building homes and improving the quality of life of vulnerable segments of the population. This paper echoes calls for community-led housing to become a recognized part of formal housing policy whilst emphasizing the need for theoretical refinement of the process so as to prevent it from being captured by prevailing market-led narratives.

Penyelesaian Sengketa Konflik Kepemilikan Tanah dengan Pendekatan Litigasi di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara

Land is an important thing in human life. In Indonesia, land is regulated in basic or basic rules, namely the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) of 1960. To guarantee ownership rights to land owned by someone, evidence is needed to support this ownership, namely by registering land and certifying it. land. However, of course these things cannot be separated from the existence of land disputes which can arise for various reasons. The aim of this research is to find out the regulations regarding land registration and the purpose of land registration as well as the benefits of land certificates and how to analyze examples of land disputes. . The method used in this article is a juridical-normative approach and uses descriptive-analytical research. The results of the research are that dispute resolution can be carried out by the National Land Agency or through litigation, namely through the State Administrative Court (PTUN). An example of a land dispute resolution submitted through the PTUN is Decree Number: 3/G/2023/PTUN.YK. Land certificate disputes that occur can be resolved through the Administrative Court, guided by applicable regulations. The results obtained after analyzing the case that occurred, in the end the lawsuit that was filed could not be followed up due to administrative and/or legal defects.

Landscape changes and watershed erosion in Prince George's County, Maryland

AbstractThis study evaluated erosion rates and sediment production in streams, and factors potentially influencing them throughout the Anacostia, Patuxent, and Potomac (non‐Anacostia) River watersheds within Prince George's County, Maryland, US. As part of the County's watershed‐scale biological monitoring program, from approx. 1999 to 2008, permanent monuments were established to allow measurement of stream channel cross‐sectional (XS) area. The intent of this study was to characterize the intensity and spatial distribution of fluvial geomorphic instability across the county and use the results to target and plan stormwater management and stream restoration actions. For this study, 78 stream locations were re‐surveyed in 2020, representing a time lapse of from 12 to 21 years. Data collected included XS dimensions, modified Wolman 100‐particle pebble counts, and reach‐specific soil bulk density. Land use/land cover data were compiled from the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD), precipitation from the National Weather Service Center for Environmental Information (NCEI), and soils from the Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey (NRCS/WSS). We calculated percent change in XS area, rates of erosion, sediment yield, and assigned geomorphic classifications, and interpreted them in the context of spatial positions relative to changes in land cover characteristics. Sediment yields among the 78 reaches exhibited a combination of those undergoing enlargement/erosion (67.9%), reduction/deposition (25.6%), and the remaining 6.4% with essentially no change over the period of record. Of the top 20 most geomorphically active reaches surveyed in the County, 12 are in the Anacostia River basin, with the other scattered among the Patuxent River and Potomac River basins.

Konsolidasi Tanah terhadap Relokasi Korban Pasca Erupsi Gunung Semeru 2021 dalam Kerangka Kepastian Hukum Hak Atas Tanah

As the year 2021 came to a close, Mount Semeru, which is situated in the Malang and Lumajang districts, erupted, bringing with it hot clouds and lava avalanches that destroyed nearby homes and property, erasing the lines separating the land owned by the locals. Normative-empirical legal research was the research methodology utilised to complete this thesis. The socio-legal approach, the statute approach, and the conceptual approach are the three methods used in this study. All three methods use empirical data from observations and interviews with people to do research. The implementation of land consolidation for relocation following the Semeru eruption, legal certainty regarding land ownership rights for the residential relocation of Mount Semeru eruption victims in 2021, and the idea of land consolidation for the relocation of Semeru eruption victims are the main areas of concern in this research. The concept of land consolidation is in accordance with the regulations of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/head of the national land agency of the Republic of Indonesia number 12 of 2019 regarding land consolidation. As a consequence of land consolidation, the findings of this study will guarantee that the land rights of those affected by the Mount Semeru eruption are legally guaranteed.

THE PROHIBITION OF ABSENTEE OWNERSHIP OF AGRICULTURAL LAND AND THE LEGAL LIABILITY OF THE NATIONAL LAND AGENCY

Absentee ownership of agricultural land is a situation where agricultural landowners are not directly involved in the agricultural activities carried out on their land. This often occurs when the landowner lives outside the farming area. The provision of absentee ownership of agricultural land can affect farmland management, and agricultural productivity. This abstract aims to evaluate the legal aspects of absentee ownership of agricultural land by considering several factors. First, we analyze the application of Government Regulation Number 41 of 1964 in Plaosan Village regarding absentee land. Several studies have shown that the absence of a landowner can hinder growth and innovation in the agricultural sector. However, the factor depends on the skill level of the farmer. Furthermore, we analyze the legal liability of the National Land Agency (BPN) in resolving absentee land ownership issues. The existence of landowners who are not involved in agricultural activities can lead to legal uncertainty, low agricultural productivity, and difficulties for interested parties in obtaining benefits from the land. In this context, the role of the National Land Agency (BPN) as a government agency responsible for land management and registration becomes very important. This research uses a normative legal research method by conducting a literature study of laws and regulations related to absentee ownership of agricultural land. The results of this research are expected to provide a basis for better policies in managing agricultural land ownership involving absentee owners, so as to increase productivity, efficiency, and welfare for all parties involved in the agricultural sector.

Legal Dilemma for Land Deed Officials in Transferring Land Title Within Agrarian Reform in Indonesia: A Study in Aceh Province

The agrarian reform policy in Indonesia is expected to reduce inequality in land ownership and control, provide legal certainty and reduce land disputes by making various changes to legislation and government policies. This article aims to explore the dilemma of transferring land rights in Indonesia in terms of legal certainty and justice for Land Deed Making Officials (Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah/PPAT) who have often faced legal proceedings, referring to cases in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This research uses empirical juridical methods with a case study approach, data collection techniques, interviews, observation and document study. The results of the research show that Land Deed Making Officials have a high legal risk in transferring land rights in Indonesia, especially if there are deviations, errors or mistakes in the procedures for making deeds, so that Land Deed Making Officials are held administratively, civilly and criminally responsible. This problem occurs because of differences in interpretation regarding PPAT's obligation to carry out field verification, lack of legal protection, and lack of village-based land data. This study offers new insights into strengthening customary land database institutions at the village level supported by the National Land Agency. So, this offer helps unravel the complexity of the land transfer process and offers a potential solution for better justice for Land Deed Making Officials under the Jokowi government's agrarian reform, and guarantees justice and certainty for land owners, as a way to achieve the welfare of the people in Indonesia.

Land Tenure Policies and Property Rights Affecting Livestock Production in Bangladesh

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate land tenure policies and property rights affecting livestock production in Bangladesh. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed a significant influence of secure land tenure on livestock productivity, investment decisions, and sustainability. Secure property rights are consistently associated with higher levels of livestock productivity, increased investment in animal husbandry practices, and improved land management strategies among rural households. Moreover, tenure security facilitates long-term investments in livestock genetic improvement programs, leading to higher milk yields and improved household incomes among dairy farmers. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutional Theory & Property Rights Theory may be used to anchor future studies on land tenure policies and property rights affecting livestock production in Bangladesh. Promote community-based natural resource management approaches that recognize customary land tenure systems. Empowering local communities to manage their grazing lands can enhance ecological sustainability, reduce conflicts, and improve livelihoods among pastoralist groups. Advocate for the legal recognition of customary land rights and indigenous knowledge systems in national land tenure policies. Acknowledging traditional tenure arrangements can strengthen tenure security, promote social equity, and enhance the resilience of livestock production systems.

Accuracy Assessment and Comparison of National, European and Global Land Use Land Cover Maps at the National Scale—Case Study: Portugal

The free availability of Sentinel-1 and 2 imageries enables the production of high resolution (10 m) global Land Use Land Cover (LULC) maps by a wide range of institutions, which often make them publicly available. This raises several issues: Which map should be used for each type of application? How accurate are these maps? What is the level of agreement between them? This motivated us to assess the thematic accuracy of six LULC maps for continental Portugal with 10 m spatial resolution with reference dates between 2017 and 2020, using the same method and the same reference database, in a bid to make the results comparable. The overall accuracy and the per class user’s and producer’s accuracy are compared with the ones reported by the map producers, at the national, European, or global level, according to their availability. The nomenclatures of the several maps were then analyzed and compared to generate a harmonized nomenclature to which all maps were converted into. The harmonized products were compared directly with a visual analysis and the proportion of regions equally classified was computed, as well as the area assigned per product to each class. The accuracy of these harmonized maps was also assessed considering the previously used reference database. The results show that there are significant differences in the overall accuracy of the original products, varying between 42% and 72%. The differences between the user’s and producer’s accuracy per class are very large for all maps. When comparing the obtained results with the ones reported by the map producers for Portugal, Europe or globally (depending on what is available) the results obtained in this study have lower accuracy metrics values for all maps. The comparison of the harmonized maps shows that they agree in 83% of the study area, but there are differences in terms of detail and area of the classes, mainly for the class “Built up” and “Bare land”.

Impact of Wildfires on Land Surface Cold Season Climate in the Northern High-Latitudes: A Study on Changes in Vegetation, Snow Dynamics, Albedo, and Radiative Forcing

Anthropogenic climate change is increasing the occurrence of wildfires, especially in northern high latitudes, leading to a shift in land surface climate. This study aims to determine the predominant climatic effects of fires in boreal forests to assess their impact on vegetation composition, surface albedo, and snow dynamics. The influence of fire-induced changes on Earth’s radiative forcing is investigated, while considering variations in burn severity and postfire vegetation structure. Six burn sites are explored in central Alaska’s boreal region, alongside six control sites, by utilizing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived albedo, Leaf Area Index (LAI), snowmelt timing data, AmeriFlux radiation, National Land Cover Database (NLCD) land cover, and Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) data. Key findings reveal significant postfire shifts in land cover at each site, mainly from high- to low-stature vegetation. A continuous increase in postfire surface albedo and negative surface shortwave forcing was noted even after 12 years postfire, particularly during the spring and at high-severity burn areas. Results indicate that the cooling effect from increased albedo during the snow season may surpass the warming effects of earlier snowmelt. The overall climate impact of fires depends on burn severity and vegetation composition.

Spatiotemporal patterns of groundwater over South Korea

Understanding the large-scale spatiotemporal pattern of multi-depth groundwater levels is critical to develop water management plans and policies for sustainable ecological and social prosperity, which are still lacking. Here, we investigate three major spatiotemporal modes of groundwater levels from ∼200 groundwater monitoring stations over the southern Korean Peninsula (2009–2020), using the Cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function analysis. The first two major modes are associated with the seasonality of recharge and discharge and groundwater use during the 2016/17 drought, which explained half of the total variance. The third major mode indicated a decreasing trend of deep groundwater levels over the western Korean Peninsula, where key administrative and authority offices have been relocated via balanced national land development policies. Furthermore, at least three million Koreans over this region likely experience groundwater depletion by the 2080s. Observational evidence of emerging groundwater depletion suggests a window of opportunity for pre-emptive groundwater management plans.

The influence of state-owned property management, the implementation of the State-Owned Property Management Accounting Information System and human resource competency on the quality of government financial reports

This study explores the complex connection between the management of State Property, the utilization of the State Property Accounting Management Information System, the proficiency of personnel, and their combined influence on the accuracy of financial statements in government organizations. This research seeks to investigate the impact of effective State Property management, facilitated by advanced technological systems such as State Property Management and Accounting Information System, and bolstered by skilled human resources, on the dependability and precision of financial reporting in the public sector. The study will analyze scholarly literature and empirical evidence to achieve this objective. By integrating descriptive and verification methodologies, this research study utilizes a quantitative approach to investigate the influence of human resource competence, the administration of State Property, and the implementation of the State Property Accounting Management Information System on the quality of financial statements within government organizations. The variables are operationalized and measured using indicators that pertain to the quality of government financial accounts, management of State Property, implementation of State Property Management and Accounting Information System, and human resource competency. Data is gathered by distributing questionnaires to the personnel of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of West Java Province. The total population consists of 54 individuals, and a saturated sampling strategy is used. To summarize, this study highlights the significance of efficient management of State Property and the adoption of State Property Management and Accounting Information System in improving the accuracy and reliability of government financial accounts. Nevertheless, a more thorough examination is necessary to ascertain the exact influence of human resource expertise. These findings enhance the existing information on financial management in the public sector and identify areas where government financial reporting standards might be improved.

Analysis Study of Acquisition of Rights to Land Resulting from Beach Reclamation in Bima City

This research aims to analyze the process of implementing the acquisition of rights to land resulting from coastal reclamation in the city of Bima and to examine the legal implications of the reclamation activities along the Bima coastline. The study adopts an empirical legal research approach, incorporating statutory, conceptual, and socio-legal perspectives. Both library and field data are utilized in the research process. The findings of the study reveal the procedural intricacies involved in obtaining rights to land resulting from coastal reclamation in Bima City. The acquisition of these rights necessitates alignment with the regional spatial plan (RTRW) and relevant laws and regulations. The implementation unfolds in two stages: initial unauthorized landfilling and subsequent issuance of certificates for reclaimed beaches, constituting an illegal act. The legal implications of such unlawful beach reclamation in Bima City manifest in several ways. Firstly, the Ownership Rights and HGB (building use rights) certificates authorized by the National Land Agency (BPN) may be considered illegitimate. Secondly, the Bima City government faces restrictions in collecting Property Tax (PBB) and Land and Building Acquisition Duty (BPHTB) taxes on land resulting from the illegal reclamation.