National Land Research Articles

Land Tenure Policies and Property Rights Affecting Livestock Production in Bangladesh

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate land tenure policies and property rights affecting livestock production in Bangladesh. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed a significant influence of secure land tenure on livestock productivity, investment decisions, and sustainability. Secure property rights are consistently associated with higher levels of livestock productivity, increased investment in animal husbandry practices, and improved land management strategies among rural households. Moreover, tenure security facilitates long-term investments in livestock genetic improvement programs, leading to higher milk yields and improved household incomes among dairy farmers. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutional Theory & Property Rights Theory may be used to anchor future studies on land tenure policies and property rights affecting livestock production in Bangladesh. Promote community-based natural resource management approaches that recognize customary land tenure systems. Empowering local communities to manage their grazing lands can enhance ecological sustainability, reduce conflicts, and improve livelihoods among pastoralist groups. Advocate for the legal recognition of customary land rights and indigenous knowledge systems in national land tenure policies. Acknowledging traditional tenure arrangements can strengthen tenure security, promote social equity, and enhance the resilience of livestock production systems.

Accuracy Assessment and Comparison of National, European and Global Land Use Land Cover Maps at the National Scale—Case Study: Portugal

The free availability of Sentinel-1 and 2 imageries enables the production of high resolution (10 m) global Land Use Land Cover (LULC) maps by a wide range of institutions, which often make them publicly available. This raises several issues: Which map should be used for each type of application? How accurate are these maps? What is the level of agreement between them? This motivated us to assess the thematic accuracy of six LULC maps for continental Portugal with 10 m spatial resolution with reference dates between 2017 and 2020, using the same method and the same reference database, in a bid to make the results comparable. The overall accuracy and the per class user’s and producer’s accuracy are compared with the ones reported by the map producers, at the national, European, or global level, according to their availability. The nomenclatures of the several maps were then analyzed and compared to generate a harmonized nomenclature to which all maps were converted into. The harmonized products were compared directly with a visual analysis and the proportion of regions equally classified was computed, as well as the area assigned per product to each class. The accuracy of these harmonized maps was also assessed considering the previously used reference database. The results show that there are significant differences in the overall accuracy of the original products, varying between 42% and 72%. The differences between the user’s and producer’s accuracy per class are very large for all maps. When comparing the obtained results with the ones reported by the map producers for Portugal, Europe or globally (depending on what is available) the results obtained in this study have lower accuracy metrics values for all maps. The comparison of the harmonized maps shows that they agree in 83% of the study area, but there are differences in terms of detail and area of the classes, mainly for the class “Built up” and “Bare land”.

Impact of Wildfires on Land Surface Cold Season Climate in the Northern High-Latitudes: A Study on Changes in Vegetation, Snow Dynamics, Albedo, and Radiative Forcing

Anthropogenic climate change is increasing the occurrence of wildfires, especially in northern high latitudes, leading to a shift in land surface climate. This study aims to determine the predominant climatic effects of fires in boreal forests to assess their impact on vegetation composition, surface albedo, and snow dynamics. The influence of fire-induced changes on Earth’s radiative forcing is investigated, while considering variations in burn severity and postfire vegetation structure. Six burn sites are explored in central Alaska’s boreal region, alongside six control sites, by utilizing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived albedo, Leaf Area Index (LAI), snowmelt timing data, AmeriFlux radiation, National Land Cover Database (NLCD) land cover, and Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) data. Key findings reveal significant postfire shifts in land cover at each site, mainly from high- to low-stature vegetation. A continuous increase in postfire surface albedo and negative surface shortwave forcing was noted even after 12 years postfire, particularly during the spring and at high-severity burn areas. Results indicate that the cooling effect from increased albedo during the snow season may surpass the warming effects of earlier snowmelt. The overall climate impact of fires depends on burn severity and vegetation composition.

Spatiotemporal patterns of groundwater over South Korea

Understanding the large-scale spatiotemporal pattern of multi-depth groundwater levels is critical to develop water management plans and policies for sustainable ecological and social prosperity, which are still lacking. Here, we investigate three major spatiotemporal modes of groundwater levels from ∼200 groundwater monitoring stations over the southern Korean Peninsula (2009–2020), using the Cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function analysis. The first two major modes are associated with the seasonality of recharge and discharge and groundwater use during the 2016/17 drought, which explained half of the total variance. The third major mode indicated a decreasing trend of deep groundwater levels over the western Korean Peninsula, where key administrative and authority offices have been relocated via balanced national land development policies. Furthermore, at least three million Koreans over this region likely experience groundwater depletion by the 2080s. Observational evidence of emerging groundwater depletion suggests a window of opportunity for pre-emptive groundwater management plans.

The influence of state-owned property management, the implementation of the State-Owned Property Management Accounting Information System and human resource competency on the quality of government financial reports

This study explores the complex connection between the management of State Property, the utilization of the State Property Accounting Management Information System, the proficiency of personnel, and their combined influence on the accuracy of financial statements in government organizations. This research seeks to investigate the impact of effective State Property management, facilitated by advanced technological systems such as State Property Management and Accounting Information System, and bolstered by skilled human resources, on the dependability and precision of financial reporting in the public sector. The study will analyze scholarly literature and empirical evidence to achieve this objective. By integrating descriptive and verification methodologies, this research study utilizes a quantitative approach to investigate the influence of human resource competence, the administration of State Property, and the implementation of the State Property Accounting Management Information System on the quality of financial statements within government organizations. The variables are operationalized and measured using indicators that pertain to the quality of government financial accounts, management of State Property, implementation of State Property Management and Accounting Information System, and human resource competency. Data is gathered by distributing questionnaires to the personnel of the Regional Office of the National Land Agency of West Java Province. The total population consists of 54 individuals, and a saturated sampling strategy is used. To summarize, this study highlights the significance of efficient management of State Property and the adoption of State Property Management and Accounting Information System in improving the accuracy and reliability of government financial accounts. Nevertheless, a more thorough examination is necessary to ascertain the exact influence of human resource expertise. These findings enhance the existing information on financial management in the public sector and identify areas where government financial reporting standards might be improved.

Analysis Study of Acquisition of Rights to Land Resulting from Beach Reclamation in Bima City

This research aims to analyze the process of implementing the acquisition of rights to land resulting from coastal reclamation in the city of Bima and to examine the legal implications of the reclamation activities along the Bima coastline. The study adopts an empirical legal research approach, incorporating statutory, conceptual, and socio-legal perspectives. Both library and field data are utilized in the research process. The findings of the study reveal the procedural intricacies involved in obtaining rights to land resulting from coastal reclamation in Bima City. The acquisition of these rights necessitates alignment with the regional spatial plan (RTRW) and relevant laws and regulations. The implementation unfolds in two stages: initial unauthorized landfilling and subsequent issuance of certificates for reclaimed beaches, constituting an illegal act. The legal implications of such unlawful beach reclamation in Bima City manifest in several ways. Firstly, the Ownership Rights and HGB (building use rights) certificates authorized by the National Land Agency (BPN) may be considered illegitimate. Secondly, the Bima City government faces restrictions in collecting Property Tax (PBB) and Land and Building Acquisition Duty (BPHTB) taxes on land resulting from the illegal reclamation.

The Vulnerabilities of Electronic Land Certificates and Legal Adaptation in Indonesia’s Land Registration System

In the era of rapid technological advancement, the proper adaptation of legal frameworks and secure technologies is crucial to ensure legal certainty in land ownership. The National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional or ATR/BPN) plays a central role in managing the issuance of electronic land certificates. This research aims to investigate the role of electronic land certificates in providing legal protection in Indonesia and analyze the challenges and vulnerabilities that arise with the development of information technology. Employing a normative legal method, this study focuses on the analysis of norms and legal regulations governing the use of electronic land certificates in the land registration system. The research approach includes a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and the use of primary and secondary legal materials. The results emphasize the importance of careful adaptation to information technology developments to maintain legal certainty in land ownership, highlighting the central role of the ATR/BPN and the necessity of appropriate regulations, data security, legal validity, technical requirements, and technology utilization, including data encryption and network security measures, to address vulnerabilities. Adequate awareness and training are also deemed essential for all stakeholders involved.

Multi-parameters monitoring of geological disasters around the Taihang Mountains-Yanshan area, Hebei Province

The Hebei Taihang Mountains-Yanshan region marks North China’s natural boundary between plains and plateaus. The unique geological and geographical conditions have led to a hazardous environment with frequent geological events. Hence, conducting a comparative analysis of regional geological hazard drivers is necessary. A geological hazard driver analysis model using multiparameter preferential Geodetectors was developed, focusing on the Taihang Mountains-Yanshan region in Hebei. It was divided into zones: Taihang Mountains, Yanshan Mountains and Dam Plateau. The results showed significant differences in the explanatory power of geohazard drivers in various zones, varying with the softening of the natural geological environment and increased human activities. In the Taihang Mountains, the primary geohazard factor is average annual rainfall, whereas in the Yanshan Mountains, it is average annual rainfall and geomorphology. Interactions among factors reveal that annual average rainfall holds the highest explanatory power for geological hazard spatial differences, notably interacting with geomorphological, geological and human activity regions, yielding an escalating effect. The study findings can be crucial references for disaster prevention, mitigation, national land resource development, economic planning and the ‘six belts’ construction in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

Implementation of Islamic Law in an Integrated Service System Organized Electronically by the National Land Office

Introduction: One of the important academic issues is in the form of a judge's decision in Case Number 811/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Medan, in the form of ratification of inherited objects. Its implementation is contrary to Article 24 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, The highest judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Court in UU no. 5 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 14 of 1985 concerning the Supreme Court, Law Number 5 of 2004, due to Pergub) Number 117 of 2019 as executor of Minister of Finance Regulation Number 32/PMK.03/2005 regulates profit sharing central and regional governments, Number 186/PMK/07/2010 and Number 53 of 2010 concerning the application of tax rates for the acquisition of land and building rights (BPHTB), as well as stipulating Regional Regulation (Pergub) Number 60 of 2021, not all of which can be processed as objects inheritance.Purposes of the Research: To analyze the Legal Basis for the Electronic/Online Integrated Service System Organized by the National Land Agency of North Jakarta Administrative City based on the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of National Land Agency RI Number 5 of 2017 concerning Electronic/Online Land Information Services , regarding the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister (Permen) of Agrarian and Spatial Planning of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2017 as the legal basis for the electronic/online Integrated Service System organized by the North Jakarta Administrative City Land Agency.Methods of the Research: This research method is normative-empirical with a case approach, statutory approach and comparative approach. The theories used are the theory of legal certainty, the theory of justice and the maqashid syari'ah theory. Primary data used are interviews, documentation and observation, secondary data is the Koran Hadith, laws, books and journals.Results of the Research: The results of the research are based on a. The legal basis for the Integrated Electronic/Online Service System Organized by the North Jakarta Administrative City National Land Agency (BPN), b. Implementation of the Integrated Service System (SiPandu) at the North Jakarta Administrative City National Land Agency (BPN), c. Problems with the Implementation of the Integrated Service System (SiPandu) in the North Jakarta Administrative City National Land Agency (BPN), Views of the North Jakarta Administrative City Council of Indonesian Ulemas (MUI) on the Integrated Service System (SiPandu) in the North Jakarta Administrative City National Land Agency (BPN), very contrary to the rules governing Presidential Regulation Number 95 of 2018 concerning Electronic-Based Government Systems (SPBE), Ministerial Regulation (Permen) of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning (ATR) of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (KBPN) Number 16 of 20212 is an amendment to Regulation of the Minister (Permen) of the State for Agrarian Affairs/Head of Agency Government Regulation Number 3 of 1997 concerning Implementing Provisions of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration2 implemented by Number 5 of 2017 and Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services, development planning and the settlement of land conflict problems in the regions at the end of 2025 has E-Certificates throughout Indonesia, not the implementation through SiPandu electronically/online is held by the Land Agency of North Jakarta Administrative City

Implementation of Islamic Law in an Integrated Service System Organized Electronically by the National Land Office

Introduction: One of the important academic issues is in the form of a judge's decision in Case Number 811/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Medan, in the form of ratification of inherited objects. Its implementation is contrary to Article 24 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, The highest judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Court in UU no. 5 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 14 of 1985 concerning the Supreme Court, Law Number 5 of 2004, due to Pergub) Number 117 of 2019 as executor of Minister of Finance Regulation Number 32/PMK.03/2005 regulates profit sharing central and regional governments, Number 186/PMK/07/2010 and Number 53 of 2010 concerning the application of tax rates for the acquisition of land and building rights (BPHTB), as well as stipulating Regional Regulation (Pergub) Number 60 of 2021, not all of which can be processed as objects inheritance.Purposes of the Research: To analyze the Legal Basis for the Electronic/Online Integrated Service System Organized by the National Land Agency of North Jakarta Administrative City based on the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of National Land Agency RI Number 5 of 2017 concerning Electronic/Online Land Information Services , regarding the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister (Permen) of Agrarian and Spatial Planning of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2017 as the legal basis for the electronic/online Integrated Service System organized by the North Jakarta Administrative City Land Agency.Methods of the Research: This research method is normative-empirical with a case approach, statutory approach and comparative approach. The theories used are the theory of legal certainty, the theory of justice and the maqashid syari'ah theory. Primary data used are interviews, documentation and observation, secondary data is the Koran Hadith, laws, books and journals.Results of the Research: The results of the research are based on a. The legal basis for the Integrated Electronic/Online Service System Organized by the North Jakarta Administrative City National Land Agency (BPN), b. Implementation of the Integrated Service System (SiPandu) at the North Jakarta Administrative City National Land Agency (BPN), c. Problems with the Implementation of the Integrated Service System (SiPandu) in the North Jakarta Administrative City National Land Agency (BPN), Views of the North Jakarta Administrative City Council of Indonesian Ulemas (MUI) on the Integrated Service System (SiPandu) in the North Jakarta Administrative City National Land Agency (BPN), very contrary to the rules governing Presidential Regulation Number 95 of 2018 concerning Electronic-Based Government Systems (SPBE), Ministerial Regulation (Permen) of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning (ATR) of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (KBPN) Number 16 of 20212 is an amendment to Regulation of the Minister (Permen) of the State for Agrarian Affairs/Head of Agency Government Regulation Number 3 of 1997 concerning Implementing Provisions of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration2 implemented by Number 5 of 2017 and Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services, development planning and the settlement of land conflict problems in the regions at the end of 2025 has E-Certificates throughout Indonesia, not the implementation through SiPandu electronically/online is held by the Land Agency of North Jakarta Administrative City

Analysis of the Contribution to the Domestic Timber Industry according to the Shortening of Final Age

Objectives : The domestic forest area is about 6,298 thousand ha as of 2020, accounting for 62.7% of the national land area of 10,041 thousand ha, but the domestic wood and wood product market is seriously dependent on imported products. As of 2020, the domestic wood utilization rate is 15.9%. This has been secured from around 5% by 1990 to about 16% by the last 10 years from '11 to '20, but has been maintained without increase until '21. As domestic demand for wood is 83% dependent on imports, uncertainties in the wood market in the international market are expected to increase in the future due to climate change, resource reporting, and international trade relations.Methods : In this study, the production and collection production of domestic wood by use were calculated by reducing the actual distribution nationwide and the number of trees being planted later by 5 to 10 years, respectively. Based on 2,310 thousand ha, the research target site was divided into 26.20% and 73.80% of national forests and private forests, respectively, and the corresponding cutting age was applied by matching them by tree type.Results and Discussion : The area subject to the logging order for timber production forests was calculated as a ratio of the actual logging area, and the result was calculated as a ratio of the actual logging amount. Afterwards, the final wood volume was calculated based on the results of the actual logging volume performance and the ratio of domestic wood production and collection performance. The calculated final volume of wood is produced for lumber, plywood, boards, chips/pulp, and other uses. As a result, when the harvesting age was shortened to 5 and 10 years as of 2020, timber increased at a rate of approximately 12.70% and 25.36% compared to the previous year. It was confirmed that this could increase the domestic wood utilization rate from about 16% to up to 20%.Conclusion In this study, the contribution of the domestic timber industry to the shortening of the harvesting period for timber production forests. It is believed that the results can be used as useful indicators for establishing policies for shortening the cutting period and managing persistent forests in the future.

2020年京津冀1 km格网沟渠密度数据集

As important ecological corridors in farmland ecosystems, ditches are not only important for collecting water, holding water as flowing channels, but also valuable for biodiversity conservation as various wetland ecological systems. They play an important role in purifying water quality and maintaining biodiversity. Ditch density is an important indicator of ditch structure in a certain area, directly revealing ditch configuration and farmland irrigation and drainage capacity. Taking the national land change survey data in 2020 as the data source, we extracted the skeleton lines of irrigation canals and ditches by using software, and calculated the density of 1km grid ditches in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in 2020 by using km grid production tools. This dataset can be used for research on rural planning, farmland irrigation and drainage convenience, farmland quality evaluation, farmland assets evaluation, etc.

Problems and tasks of improving land management system in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article considers the sphere of land management in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to determine problems of land management system in the republic and the tasks of its improvement in the future. The research methodology included a desk method for collecting and analyzing data on the activities of land administration authorities. The problems were identified in the following three areas: legislative regulation of land use, management and control of state ownership of land, the process of digitalization of land management. As a result, it was found that the national land administration system does not fully meet the needs of the modern economy. In order to improve the land management system, it is proposed to solve the following tasks: to improve the quality of legal regulation; carry out a complete digitization of land; form an integrated electronic land management system; develop and implement the state program “Digital Land Management” until 2025. The results of the study contribute to the development of a new land management model in Kazakhstan, aimed at encouraging the national government to develop a new land management strategy, increasing the transparency of the management system as well as simplifying the process of administration in this area.

Spatial–Temporal Evolution, Impact Mechanisms, and Reclamation Potential of Rural Human Settlements in China

In China’s pursuit of modernization, the government has introduced the rural revitalization strategy to combat rural decline, foster balanced urban–rural development, and reduce the urban–rural gap. Rural human settlements, as key components of this strategy, play a vital role. This paper examines the types and characteristics of human–earth relationships within rural settlements, emphasizing their significance. Using national land use and population census data, we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of rural settlements at the county level, investigating landscape pattern changes, assessing the degree of coupling coordination between rural population and settlements, categorizing relationship types and features, and estimating the potential for remediation. Our findings reveal a growing trend in the scale of rural human settlements, particularly sourced from arable land, with significant expansions observed in the North China Plain and Northeast Plain, indicating potential for farmland reclamation and village consolidation. Landscape patterns of rural human settlements exhibit increased fragmentation, complex shapes, and aggregation. We categorize the utilization of rural human settlements into two types, each with four distinct features: human–land coordination is observed in regions characterized by either a higher rural population and larger rural settlement areas, or lower rural population and smaller rural settlement areas. Human–land trade-offs are evident in areas where there is either a higher rural population and smaller rural settlement areas, or lower rural population and larger rural settlement areas. This provides valuable insights for the Chinese government’s context-specific implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. It also serves as an experiential reference for the governance of rural human settlements in other developing countries.

Study on the Impact of Main Functional Zoning Policies on the Economic Conversion Efficiency of Forest Ecological Capital in Hunan Province

In 2010, China promulgated the National Main Functional Area Planning (2010), marking the first national level of the national land space planning policy, the space planning is of great significance for optimizing the development model of forest ecosystems, improving the value transformation of forest ecological products, and is an important policy goal for the sustainable development of forest ecological resources. This paper analyzes the development status of the main functional zoning policy, and establishes a DID model to empirically analyze the implementation effect of the main functional zoning policy. The results show that the policy of main functional zoning will inhibit the increase of the economic conversion efficiency of forest ecological capital, and the policy effect is significant.

KEABSAHAN KUITANSI SEBAGAI BUKTI JUAL BELI TANAH MENURUT HUKUM TANAH NASIONAL

According to the National Land Law, the act of buying and selling land must meet the characteristics of clear, cash-based, and genuine transactions. The issue addressed in this research is the validity of land transactions conducted with receipt evidence, as per the National Land Law and the District Court Decision Number 191/Pdt.G/2021/PN Smg, and how to register the transfer of rights when the seller's whereabouts are unknown, also related to the aforementioned court decision. This study adopts a normative research approach with descriptive analysis. Secondary data obtained from literature studies are utilized, complemented by primary data to support the arguments. The research employs a qualitative analysis method, and conclusions are drawn using the deductive approach. It should be noted that a land transaction conducted solely with a receipt as evidence, without a Sale and Purchase Deed executed before a Land Deed Making Official, cannot be deemed valid according to the National Land Law, as it fails to fulfill the clear transaction nature and the formal requirements of buying and selling.

Implementation of Policy Regulation of The Head of The National Land Agency Number 5 of 2012 Concerning Technical Instructions For The Implementation of Land Procurement

That this research aims to analyze more deeply the implementation of the policy of the Head of the National Land Agency Regulation Number 5 of 2012 concerning Technical Instructions for Implementing Land Acquisition Case study of Land Acquisition for the Construction of the Pekanbaru-Bangkinang Toll Road, Riau Province. The research method in this legal research uses qualitative methods. The problem formulation used in this research is how to implement the policy of Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 2012 concerning Technical Instructions for Implementing Land Acquisition and what factors hinder the implementation of the policy of Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 2012 concerning Technical Instructions for Implementing Land Acquisition. That the results of this research found that the implementation of land acquisition for the construction of the Pekanbaru-Bangkinang toll road in Riau province was not optimal, that there were obstacles in the implementation of land acquisition for the construction of the toll road in the form of land disputes, the location being included in a forest area, and resistance from residents to the development. the toll road. The conclusion of this research is that it is best to review the regulations of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 2012 concerning Technical Instructions for the Implementation of Land Acquisition which function as a fulfillment of solving public problems in the land sector and filling legal gaps if necessary and that regarding the obstacles that In the field, assistance should be provided with related officials such as the prosecutor's office and police as well as the local district court to provide a sense of security and comfort for the committee and other stakeholders involved in the land acquisition process for the public interest.

Integration of Geospatial Data and Information in Margoluwih Village, Yogyakarta and Its Utilization for Multiple Stakeholders

As technology develops, geospatial information has been used for policy-making and decision-making. One of the geospatial technologies used is the Geographic Information System, which has been widely built and utilized by related agencies up to the village or district level. This article explains the strategy and parties involved in developing geospatial data and information integration in Margoluwih District and the benefits for these parties. The research method uses descriptive-qualitative data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this paper show that geospatial data and information created by various parties can be integrated into an information system. The parties involved in providing data and receiving benefits from the development information system are the National Land Academy, Margoluwih District Government, Land Office of Sleman Regency, Land and Spatial Planning Office of Sleman Regency, Regional Financial and Asset Agency of Sleman Regency, UPTD Agriculture, Food, and Fisheries Extension Center Region III, Margoluwih Village Community Institution, and the Margoluwih Village Community. This indicates that the integration carried out provides benefits for multiple parties. The Margoluwih District Government, as data regent or information system manager, is expected to always maintain and update information independently and sustainably.

Land Rights Movements in Nepal: Investigating Mobilization Strategies within a Political Landscape

This paper explores nations' political influence on social movement organizations. It focuses on the activities of National Land Rights Forum (NLRF), the largest land rights organization of Nepal. Effective mobilization of movement depends on organization's ability to align with the current political landscape, but is less emphasized by the global south social movement studies, which are focused on analyzing historical triggers and socioeconomic consequences with references to state policies. This paper takes survey-based open-ended interviews with 27 stakeholders, including the leaders and participants of NLRF’s land rights movement. The NLRF’s experiences on mobilization provided a strategic understanding of its adaptation to country's political milieu by leveraging the state-initiated major political events, which could be seen as opportunities to incorporate their concerns with state agendas. Furthermore, the Maoist-led insurgency in the past had fueled for the land rights movements, particularly the NLRF’s priority in organizing and unifying individuals who had similar political and economic identities. The mobilization strategies for land rights movement highlight the contextual variation on how current political landscape shapes the adaptive systems and practices of movement organizations.

The Role of Siyāsah Shar'iyyah in Analyzing and Addressing Land Disputes

Disputes are often reported from complexities related to land ownership, particularly when multiple parties lay claim to a specific plot acquired through gifting or inheritance. Public objections predominantly center around preventing inaccuracies in the transfer of ownership rights during the recording of land blocks at National Land Office (BPN) concerning blocking of ownership rights. Therefore, this study aims to examine the prevalent issues encountered during the recording of land title certificate, with a specific focus on the common land disputes that lead to legal proceedings. An analytical framework of siyāsah shar'iyyah is adopted with empirical juridical methodology using a socio-juridical perspective. The data-gathering method comprises three distinct stages, namely reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results show that the submission of a plot of land for registration cannot be executed by any arbitrary party. A clear understanding of applicant's status and the rationale behind the request is necessary to restrict the use of land effectively. In this context, the registration of land blocks has diverse effects in terms of economic, socio-cultural, and legal assurance. The challenges encountered in the act of obstructing are predominantly rooted in the administrative procedure. Therefore, the proposed remedy includes the use of technology based on electronic systems to effectively disseminate information to the public. In this jurisdiction, land ownership is primarily governed by Sharia law, which views documenting property rights as a method of promoting good governance. Meanwhile, zoning arrangements serve as an alternative for documenting land blocking, mitigating potential ownership issues in the future.