National Land Research Articles

Juridical Study on the Cancellation of Land Certificate by Proof of Power Endorsement in the Review of Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning the Basis of Agrarian Law (study of decision No. 3/G/2021/PTUN. BDG)

This study discusses the cancellation of land ownership certificates based on evidence of verponding eigendom (BEV) in the framework of Indonesian Law, especially by Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Agrarian Principles. The study aims to explore the legal basis, procedures, and implications of cancelling land certificates when administrative defects or court decisions have permanent legal force. The research method used is normative juridical with a descriptive approach, analyzing the Rule of Law and the case of Decision Number 3/G/2021/PTUN case. BDG. The study results show that the certificate can be cancelled if administrative, legal defects or the ratification of power are not by the procedure. In addition, court decisions have an essential role in determining the validity of certificates. The implications of this study show the importance of strengthening land administration in the National Land Agency (BPN) to increase legal certainty for landowners and reduce the potential for ownership conflicts in Indonesia.

Global Versus Local? A Study on the Synergistic Relationship of Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs from Multiple Perspectives Based on Ecological Restoration Zoning of National Land Space—A Case Study of Liaoning Province

Clarifying the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services in Liaoning’s ecological restoration zones is crucial for strengthening the positioning of ecological restoration zones and optimizing ecosystem services. This study is based on “Liaoning Provincial Land Spatial Planning (2021–2035)” and divides the area into ecological restoration zones. We utilized the InVEST model, ArcGIS Pro, and Geoda in this study to quantify five ecosystem services (Soil Conservation, Carbon Storage, Habitat Quality, Water Yield, and Food Production) and constructed an evaluation framework to assess the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services at both global and local levels. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The global relationships among ecosystem services in different ecological restoration zones are ranked as: strong trade-offs (35.51%) > weak trade-offs (33.17%) > low synergies (29.09%) > high synergies (2.24%); (2) The area exhibiting synergistic relationships between pairs of local ecosystem services in ecological restoration zones is larger than the area exhibiting trade-offs; (3) The strongest synergy is observed between water yield and soil conservation, while the most significant trade-off occurs between food production and soil conservation. These relationships exhibit similar spatial characteristics in the WSFR, SWCR, and WCR zones; (4) The proportion of areas showing trade-offs and synergies differs between global and local scales.

AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROVISION OF LAND USE POLICY FOR BUILDING HOUSES IN RURAL BANGLADESH

The paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the national land use policy in Bangladesh, highlighting the gaps in implementation and the need for strategic improvements for building houses using minimum agricultural land in rural areas of Bangladesh. The main objectives of the policy evaluation research are to explore the extent of the intervention of the National Land Use Policy 2001 that has achieved the objective of minimum use of agricultural land, to determine whether the authority has made the rural people aware of building model houses, multistorey buildings, and planned residential areas in the village and finally to find out the critical factors for effective implementation of national land use policy. It has been used as a mixed evaluation research method with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected online using a semistructured questionnaire and checklist for respondent interviews. The main results of the policy evaluation revealed that the objectives of the policy are not achieved and effectively implemented for numerous reasons as such, the implementers are reluctant to implement and make aware the villagers, responsible implementing agencies are not fully well-defined, people are unaware and do not know about the policy, lack of village development planning and design, overpopulation and segregation of families, poverty, lack of monitoring by the ministry, unorganized urbanization and industrialization, local political influence, absence of land zoning and union parishad are unwilling to enforce their laws, etc. To implement the policy effectively, a joint effort of the local government bodies, local communities, and all local administration departments would be required, and each organization’s role would be well classified, and payment or loan support would be transferred to the rural people of Bangladesh.

CIrrMap250: annual maps of China's irrigated cropland from 2000 to 2020 developed through multisource data integration

Abstract. Accurate maps of irrigation extent and dynamics are crucial for studying food security and its far-reaching impacts on Earth systems and the environment. While several efforts have been made to map irrigated area in China, few have provided multiyear maps, incorporated national land surveys, addressed data discrepancies, and considered the fractional coverage of cropland within coarse-resolution pixels. Here, we addressed these important gaps and developed new annual maps of China's irrigated cropland from 2000 to 2020, named CIrrMap250 (China's irrigation map with a 250 m resolution). We harmonized irrigation statistics and surveys and reconciled them with remote sensing data. The refined estimates of irrigated area were then integrated with multiple remote sensing data (i.e. vegetation indices, hybrid cropland products, and paddy field maps) and an irrigation suitability map by means of a semi-automatic training approach. We evaluated our CIrrMap250 maps using ∼ 20 000 reference samples, high-resolution irrigation water withdrawal data, and existing local to nationwide maps. Our CIrrMap250 maps demonstrated an overall accuracy of 0.79–0.88 for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 and outperformed currently available maps. The CIrrMap250-estimated irrigation area explained 50 %–60 % of the variance in irrigation water withdrawal across China. CIrrMap250 revealed that China's irrigation area increased by about 180 000 km2 (or 25 %) from 2000 to 2020, with the majority (61 %) occurring in the water-unsustainable regions facing severe to extreme water stress. Moreover, our product unveiled a noticeable northward shift of China's irrigation area, attributed to substantial expansions in irrigated cropland across northeastern and northwestern China. The accurate representation of irrigation extent in CIrrMap250 will greatly support hydrologic, agricultural, and climate studies in China, aiding in improved water and land resources management. CIrrMap250 can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24814293.v2 (Zhang et al., 2023a).

The impact of national land supervision system on urban low-carbon transformation: evidence from China

The land system is a crucial factor influencing urban low-carbon sustainable development. However, previous research has paid little attention to the effects and mechanisms of the national land supervision system (NLSS) on urban low-carbon transformation (ULCT). This study uses China’s routine land inspection as a quasi-natural experiment and examines the impact of NLSS on ULCT using panel data from 283 Chinese cities between 2005 and 2016. The study finds that NLSS significantly promotes ULCT, with a series of robustness checks supporting this conclusion, showing a 1.95% improvement in carbon emission performance in cities under supervision. NLSS mainly facilitates ULCT by improving land use efficiency, upgrading the structural of the service sector, and promoting technological progress. Compared to eastern cities, southern cities, large cities, and non-resource-based cities, NLSS more effectively promotes low-carbon transformation in central and western, northern, small- and medium-sized, and resource-based cities. Additionally, in contrast to cities with high environmental awareness, high marketization levels, high financial development levels, and high fiscal pressure, NLSS more strongly promotes ULCT in cities with lower levels of these factors. Furthermore, NLSS exhibits a significant positive spatial spillover effect in promoting ULCT. In advancing ULCT, NLSS can be synergized with smart city pilot policies and innovative city pilot policies but has not shown synergies with low-carbon city pilot policies.

Legal Implications of Building Use Rights Certificates Without Land Status Information: Consumer Protection and the Responsibility of the National Land Agency

Abstract: This research examines the legal uncertainties arising from the issuance of Building Use Rights (HGB) certificates on land with Management Rights (HPL) owned by the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. The lack of clarity in the National Land Agency's certificate, which does not explicitly state that the building use rights are based on land management rights, leads to confusion and a sense of deception among consumers, making this issue crucial. This issue holds significant importance as the National Land Agency's certificate, which does not explicitly state that building use rights are based on land management rights, leads to consumer confusion and feelings of deception. When consumers applied for a certificate extension 20 years after the National Land Agency issued the Certificate Extension Decision Letter, the agency abruptly retracted both the Decision Letter and the certificate. This was due to the BPN's recent realization that the land was under Land Management Rights. This research uses a normative juridical approach to analyze the legal responsibility of the National Land Agency in the issuance of certificates. The data collection technique uses document studies, while the analysis technique uses court decision studies. Research results indicate that Building Use Rights (HGB) certificates that do not specify the type of land—whether it is on state land, Land Management Rights, or ownership rights—have the potential to harm consumers and cause legal disputes. Therefore, this study recommends land policy reforms to ensure legal certainty and consumer rights protection in property transactions. Keywords: Building Use Rights, Land Management Rights, Land Certificate, Legal Certainty, National Land Agency

Long-Term Fine-Grained Forecasts of Emergency Demand Using EMS Big Data and Population Estimates

In recent years, Japan has been facing a super-aging society, impacting various sectors. The issues of overcrowded emergency medical services and the increase in emergency transport cases are particularly severe, necessitating urgent responses. The research group, in collaboration with the Kobe City Fire Department, is conducting a study focusing on long-term fine-grained forecasts of emergency demand. This study aims to provide indicators for the strategic deployment of emergency teams and the scaling of medical facilities. By utilizing regional mesh data, it can capture local characteristics far more precisely than previous city or district-level forecasts, offering significant advantages for local government policy implementation. In the prediction process, there are two stages to leverage national land numerical information and improve the accuracy of the forecast model. The results reveal regional disparities in future emergency demand, enabling optimal allocation of emergency resources and strategic planning for emergency services.

The practice of protecting agricultural land in Jiangsu Province of China

The safeguarding of agricultural land is rooted in national land surveys and remote sensing data, which are enhanced by contemporary information technology. This framework facilitates the monitoring and regulation of unauthorized alterations in cultivated land usage. This paper aims to analyze land policies at the national, provincial, and local levels, investigate the cultivated land protection strategies implemented within the research region, where the policies have gained societal acceptance, and propose recommendations and countermeasures to enhance the development and utilization of land resources. The central issue of this study is to identify the challenges in achieving a balance between human activities and natural ecosystems. To address this issue, the research employs a combination of literature review, semi-structured interviews, text analysis, and content analysis, emphasizing the integration of empirical fieldwork and theoretical frameworks. Key areas of focus include: (a) the current state of the farmland protection system, (b) the legal foundations for local enforcement, (c) the systematic mechanisms for implementing arable land protection, and (d) the coordinated oversight system involving both the Party and government. Notably, the practice of cultivated land protection faces several challenges, primarily stemming from two factors. Firstly, there exists a disconnect between the economic interests of certain illegal land users and the objectives of land management, which hinders effective enforcement. Secondly, environmental repercussions arise from misinterpretations of land policy or non-compliant land development practices aimed at profit, which contradict the goals of ecological sustainability. The study examines two approaches to address the issue: the distribution and effective use of land resources, and the capacity for monitoring and early warning systems. Findings indicate that Dongtai City in Jiangsu Province has rigorously implemented all national land management policies, while also preserving the adaptability of local townships in practical applications, thereby ensuring the consistency of both the quality and quantity of arable land.

Analisis perhitungan dan pencatatan penerimaan Bea Perolehan Hak atas Tanah dan Bangunan di Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Minahasa

Land and Building Acquisition Fee (or BPHTB) is an important source of regional income to support development in Minahasa Regency. This research aims 1) To find out the calculation of fees for acquiring land and building rights at the Regency Regional Revenue Agency Minahasa. 2) To find out the system for recording fees for acquiring rights to land and buildings at the Regency Regional Revenue Agency Minahasa. The data analysis method used in this research is the descriptive analysis method with data collection methods, namely interviews and documentation. The research results show that the calculation of BPHTB is carried out after the NPOP is determined as the basis for taxation minus the Non-Taxable Tax Object Acquisition Value (NPOPTKP) of IDR 60,000,000 for each taxpayer and IDR 300,000,000 for rights due to inheritance or testamentary grants. Then multiplied by a rate of 5%. The calculation has been carried out in accordance with the regulations, namely Minahasa Regency Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2011 concerning Land and Building Acquisition Fees. Recording of BPHTB receipts is adjusted to the taxes received and recording is carried out through proof of deposit, which can be in the form of a Deposit Certificate (SKS) from a bank or bank statement, all payment data is then inputted into the application system digitally. The BPHTB transaction or receipt recording system uses the BPHTB application system which is integrated with the land registration service system by the National Land Agency (or BPN).

Legal Protection of Notaries in Document Validation through Technology-Based Systems: A Comparative Legal Review of Indonesia, the United States, the Netherlands, and Australia

This paper examines the legal framework and challenges notaries face in adopting technology-based systems for document validation in Indonesia, with a comparative analysis involving the United States, the Netherlands, and Australia. Indonesia's legal framework, particularly Law No. 2 of 2014 on the Office of Notary, has yet to fully accommodate electronic signatures and remote notarization. The requirement for in-person meetings for authenticating notarial acts creates a regulatory barrier to implementing cyber notary services. Furthermore, Indonesian notaries face limited access to essential data systems, such as Dukcapil (Civil Registration Directorate) and BPN (National Land Agency), complicating the verification of personal identity and property documents. In contrast, the United States has adopted e-notary systems, using blockchain technology to ensure data integrity and mitigate fraud risks. The Netherlands provides an integrated platform, allowing notaries to validate documents remotely by accessing national databases in real time. Meanwhile, Australia has implemented a Digital Identity Program to facilitate efficient online authentication of documents. These innovations demonstrate how interoperability, regulatory flexibility, and digital literacy can enhance notary services and legal certainty. This paper proposes regulatory reforms in Indonesia, including revising existing laws to support remote notarization and electronic signatures. Second, developing integrated data platforms for real-time access. Third, providing training programs for notaries to adopt new technologies and ensure data security. By aligning Indonesia’s legal framework with international best practices, cyber notary services can enhance efficiency, security, and legal protection for both notaries and the public, meeting the demands of the digital era.Comparison

An Updated Framework for Modeling White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Habitat Quality in Illinois, USA.

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a cervid species found mostly in the Americas. Managing white-tailed deer requires understanding their relationship with the environment, which was characterized by Roseberry and Woolf (Wildlife Society Bulletin 1, 1998, 252) for all counties in Illinois, USA, who incorporated habitat quantity and quality in a deer habitat suitability index. However, this index was based on satellite imagery from 1996 and did not explore the smaller spatial scales used by deer. Our study addressed these gaps by developing a deer land cover utility (LCU) score for each TRS (township, range, and section), township, and county in Illinois based on the methodology outlined in Roseberry and Woolf (Wildlife Society Bulletin 1, 1998, 252) but using data from the National Land Cover Database (2001-2021). These deer LCU scores were validated against minimum deer population data using Bayesian regression with additional covariates relevant to hunting and deer density. These models performed well with Bayesian R 2 values of 0.501 (TRS), 0.5 (township), and 0.969 (county). The regression coefficients for the deer LCU scores were statistically significant (95% credibility interval not containing 0) and positive at the TRS, township, and county levels, reflecting the expected relationship between minimum deer density and deer LCU. Predictions made by these regression models on new data were accurate, with the median absolute difference between the true and predicted values being 0.398 deer/km2 for TRS', 0.085 deer/km2 for townships, and 0.066 deer/km2 for counties. This deer LCU could be used in other studies about deer in Illinois or studies in which deer are a relevant factor such as investigations about deer disease or tick distribution. This modeling approach could also be adapted to different wild species, locations, and/or time periods for which land cover data is available.

Wakaf Irsod di Negeri Terengganu: Satu Kajian Perbandingan antara Hukum Syarak dan Pelaksanaannya

Irsod waqf is a type of waqf that is mentioned in fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). Its existence has not been discussed much academically compared to other types of waqf, such as family waqf, cash waqf, muaqqat waqf etc. This study explores the position of irsod waqf by examining several aspects, such as the debate about Islamic law and its implementation procedures. It focuses only on the implementation of irsod waqf in Terengganu because its policies and legislative provisions are found in the Waqf Enactment Terengganu 2016. This study uses qualitative methods. The research technique uses content analysis. Findings show that there are three important elements in the relationship between Islamic law and its implementation by Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Melayu Terengganu (MAIDAM), which are the possession of property, purpose of the waqf and the method for implementing the waqf. The three elements have a significant relationship, whereby its position is consistent with fiqh and contemporary legislation, namely the National Land Code 1965 Act 56. Findings of this study have contributed to the MAIDAM, in the form of a reference or guide when implementing improvements to waqf proceedings. In addition, it has created opportunities for further in-depth studies.

Land covers associated with forest expansion hot spots in the Nepal Himalaya

Abstract Many regions of the Himalaya are experiencing forest expansion, signifying a widespread forest transition across this fragile mountain system. In the Nepal Himalaya, forest expansion is increasingly attributed to the narrative of cropland abandonment driven by rural outmigration. Understanding forest change dynamics as consequences of land use changes is critical in the context of rural mountain societies such as Nepal, which exhibit complex interactions between forest, agriculture, and livelihoods. We analysed forest gain in Nepal from 2000–2019 to inquire where and when forests have expanded and what land covers transitioned into forests. We integrated spatiotemporal analysis of national land cover maps and photointerpretation of very high resolution (VHR) imagery to improve analytical estimates. The Middle Mountain physiographic region experienced the strongest hot spots of forest gains relative to the high mountains or lowlands. Visual interpretation of VHR showed that 68.8% of forest gains since 2000 occurred on shrubland, and 26.5% on cropland. The dominance of shrubland-forest transitions implied that shrubland is an intermediate stage in a multi-decadal succession process, or a semi-permanent state such as arrested succession. Notably however, we also detected cropland-forest transitions occurring as fast as 6–10 years, indicating the potential for rapid forest succession if biophysical conditions permit. Thus, variations in land cover transitions to forests in the hills implicated multiple pathways of forest regeneration, reflecting a variety of spatiotemporally explicit drivers. Our results differ from previous studies because VHR image analysis accounted for land cover classification errors and improved land cover quantification. Further research on spatially explicit mechanisms and drivers of forest gain are needed to understand the synergies of forest, agriculture, and livelihoods to inform land use land cover policies that could be leveraged to enhance rural mountain livelihoods.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION NUMBER 24 OF 1997 CONCERNING LAND REGISTRATION IN IMPLEMENTATION AND PROBLEMS AT REGENCY/CITY NATIONAL LAND AGENCY OFFICES

Problems are complex and multi-functional and involve cross-sectoral aspects of life in society. Therefore, handling land problems cannot be seen from just one side, it must be comprehensive and integrated so that solutions can be resolved. In terms of community land registration, especially in Subang Regency, each agency related to land. This program is primarily concerned with issuing land certificates so that they can be fully functional and mobilized to take part in handling land issues in accordance with the scope of individual work. Coordination is carried out by the National Land Agency. This agency must have cooperation and a collaborative network with all related agencies and the need to handle strategic land issues, including land registration. This research uses normative juridical methods, with secondary data methods which are then analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The results show that the determination of land registration, especially in Subang Regency, if seen from Law Number 5 of 1960, is basically as intended in Article 46 to Article 72 of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 3 of 1997 concerning Implementing Regulations of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. The sanctions given to land officials deviate from the legal provisions in registering land being handed over to the public. Even if there is evidence of a violation of fund allocation, it may be criminalized as an act of corruption.

Regional variation in the landscape ecology of West Nile virus sentinel chicken seroconversion in Florida.

How landscape composition and configuration impact the distribution of multi-vector and multi-host mosquito vector-borne disease systems, such as West Nile virus (WNV), remains challenging because of complex habitat and resource requirements by hosts and vectors that affect transmission opportunities. We examined correlations between landscape composition and configuration and 2018 WNV sentinel chicken seroconversion in Florida, USA across the state and within five National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) bioclimatic regions to understand strength and variation of landscape effects during an elevated transmission year. Although few landscape studies have examined WNV in Florida, we expected higher percentages of residential or medium-developed landscapes and more fragmented landscapes would be positively correlated with WNV seroconversion owing to the main mosquito vector habitats and avian host distributions. However, we expected to find variation in the importance of forest, wetland, and agriculture landscapes across bioclimatic regions in the state. WNV seroconversion rates were calculated using Florida 2018 Department of Health WNV sentinel chicken seroconversion data from 187 flocks maintained by mosquito control programs. Percent land cover and edge density metrics were calculated for multiple land cover classes and within multiple buffer distances from chicken coops using 2019 National Land Cover Data. We used binomial generalized linear mixed effects models to calculate the importance of landscape metrics to WNV seroconversion. We found no statewide predictors of seroconversion, but as expected, the importance of landscape varied across regions. In the north-central part of the state, we found higher seroconversion in less populated suburban areas while higher seroconversion in south-central Florida was correlated with fragmented forested areas within 0.5 km of coops and intact woody wetland areas within 2 km of coops. This work corroborates previous findings that consistent landscape predictors of WNV are difficult to identify across broader geographic areas and sets the stage for additional work that incorporates climate and landscapes interactions for a greater understanding of WNV ecology in this geographic region.

Moving at the Speed of Business: A Possible Path to First Nation Prosperity Starts with Efficiency

First Nation economic self-determination strategies are constrained by high investment facilitation transaction costs and high jurisdictional implementation switching costs. This paper summarizes a First Nation-led strategy to overcome these constraints. This strategy, which began 55 years ago, uses federal legislation such as the First Nations Fiscal Management Act (FMA) and the Framework Agreement on First Nations Land Management (FA). It is supported by First Nation institutions such as the First Nations Tax Commission, First Nations Financial Management Board, First Nations Land Management Resource Centre, First Nations Finance Authority, and the newly established First Nations Infrastructure Institute. Preliminary observations suggest the FMA-FA strategy has successfully reduced transaction and switching costs on First Nation lands and could accelerate economic self-determination for interested First Nations.

National Land Use Zoning Dashboard – Harnessing Geo-informatics Technology for Seamless Land Management and Conflict Resolution

Abstract. The National Land Use Zoning (NLUZ) exercise was conducted by the National Land Commission Secretariat (NLCS) in collaboration with other agencies of the Royal Government of Bhutan. The primary objective of this exercise was to harmonize all land uses on the ground and integrate spatial data across different agencies. Previously, such data had been created and archived separately within each agency. To accomplish this goal, a dedicated team was formed, and a baseline report was published in 2023. However, simply having a report did not fully support the objectives of the NLUZ. Therefore, an interactive dashboard was conceptualized to serve as a platform for integrating and visualizing all geospatial data. This dashboard will also provide analytical tools to guide decision-makers in the optimal utilization of the country's limited land resources. The development of the dashboard will utilize ArcGIS technology and will be customized using the ArcGIS Map SDK for JavaScript and the Calcite System Design.

Responsibility of Land Deed Officials: Implications of Legal Convergence on the Harmonization and Integration of Collateral Law and Telematics Law

The dynamics of the convergence of telematics law within the national legal system, notably in the area of land, are represented by the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning's Regulation Number 5 of 2020, which also serves as the head of the National Land Agency. One of the effects of land digitization is the Ministerial Regulation, which has changed the mortgage rights registration process from a traditional system to an electronic or digital one. Despite being virtual, the digitalization of Mortgage Rights registration involves actual legal actions with clear legal ramifications. The Land Deed Official is directly involved in the electronic execution of Mortgage Rights, which is governed by the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning / Head of the National Land Agency number 5 of 2020. The objective of this study is to investigate the consequences of the convergence of the Law on Mortgage Rights and the Telecommunication Law. This convergence results in the creation of digital-based Mortgage Rights via an integrated Electronic Mortgage Registration system, which is also known as the Electronic Mortgage System. The role and obligations of the Land Deed Official are also affected by this. This study employs a prescriptive, normative-juridical methodology. Based on the research findings, it is known that the conversion of the collateral registration system from a traditional system to a digital system is affected by the convergence of telematics legislation and the law of collateral guarantees. Because of the discord and breakdown of the Mortgage Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and the Regulations of the Land Deed Official, this also affects the status and legal obligations of the Land Deed Official, who fails to maintain the principle of justice..

A Preliminary Study on the Construction of a Natural Resource Comprehensive Survey System

Abstract. The establishment of a comprehensive survey, monitoring and evaluation system for natural resources is important for determining the background of China's natural resources, fulfilling the "two unification" responsibilities of the Ministry of Natural Resources, and implementing the construction of an ecological civilization. According to the task requirements of the unified survey and monitoring of natural resources, we summarize the progress of natural resource management systems, monitoring systems, technical development and implementation of major projects, propose upgrading the "3rd National Land Resource Survey" to "the 1st Comprehensive Natural Resource Survey", and explore the construction of natural resource survey systems. Combined with the pilot project of comprehensive investigation of natural resources with multiple elements, the next major work for the comprehensive investigation of natural resources is to accelerate the formulation of standards and specifications, carry out application demonstrations, and establish and improve the working mechanism and investigation team.

Planning For The Development Of Technical Competence In Land Management (Case Study At The Regional Office Of The National Land Agency, DKI Jakarta Province)

This study aims to design a development plan for technical competencies in land management, specifically within the Regional Office of the National Land Agency (BPN) DKI Jakarta Province. The complexity of land issues in urban areas like Jakarta necessitates the improvement of technical competencies among functional land administrators to ensure effective performance and service delivery. Using a qualitative research approach, data was gathered through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The research highlights the absence of a structured competency development plan for land administrators and suggests the need for tailored training programs. Findings emphasize the importance of digital literacy, land administration skills, legal expertise, and communication skills to meet the demands of modern land management. The study concludes with recommendations for competency development that aligns with organizational goals, proposing a competency framework tailored to the challenges faced in Jakarta.