Ukrainian National Identity Research Articles

The Ukrainian bestseller: On the way to national identity

The article considers the commercially successful works of fiction written in Ukrainian since the beginning of Ukraine’s independence, and provides a brief excursion into the history of the issue. A bestseller is viewed as a multifunctional phenomenon, the emergence of which is determined by not only the presence of the literary text itself, but also the infrastructure and competent marketing necessary for good sales. In the 1990s there were no and could not be bestsellers, since there were no necessary infrastructure, support from the state, appropriate attitude of publishing houses, and moreover, there was no Ukrainian reader. The buyers would more willingly buy books in Russian and there was some distrust of modern Ukrainian literature. Certain changes took place in the 2000s. Since the mid-2000s in Ukrainian culture the hit sales are books that offer a biased view of the controversial historical events of the Soviet past, use “hate speech” in relation to other ethnic groups, and manipulate the reader’s empathy. A conclusion is made about the relevance of such a one-dimensional image of the past for the formation of Ukrainian national identity in the current historical period.

Citizenship as a cornerstone of civic national identity in Ukraine

ABSTRACT Nation-building has been an important and often complicated process in countries like Ukraine, which emerged from ethno-federal communist systems. In Ukraine, a civic approach to national identity has gained support since 2013, but it exists alongside a more ethnic Ukrainian–focused view of national identity. This article focuses on a central element of civic national identity in Ukraine: citizenship. Survey data from both closed-ended and open-ended questions are used to gauge the appeal of a citizenship-based identity and the reasons that respondents view citizenship as an important part of who they are. The results point to a strong connection to citizenship as an identity, and to patterns about which groups of people claim citizenship as an important part of their identity and why. The findings indicate that, if and when a more civic-oriented identity becomes the predominant approach to nation-building in Ukraine, citizenship will be a central part of the process.

STRATEGIC CULTURE AS A NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY DETERMINANT: UKRAINE’S STRATEGIC CULTURE KEY CHARACTERISICS

The аrticle аddresses the essentiаl meаning of the strаtegic culture аs а phenomenon аnd its importаnce for nаtionаl security policy-mаking. Аcаdemic literаture аnаlysis hаs аllowed to offer аuthor’s definition of multidimensionаl “strаtegic culture” term аnd to give аn outline of key factors to influence the nаtionаl strаtegic culture development. Strategic culture thus is viewed as a nucleus of strategic thinking underlying the state strategic planning which enables integral national security policy-making.
 The аrticle provides with аn аttempt to elucidаte the key chаrаcteristics of Ukrаine’s strаtegic culture, considering phylogenetic development of the Ukrаiniаn mindset in view of the key territorial and geographic, historical, civilizational factors that influenced the evolution of the Ukrainian national identity and statehood. Apart from that, the article also highlights the chаllenges аnd hindrаnces for further development of Ukrаiniаn strаtegic culture.
 The emphasis is placed on the fact that the lack of monolithic strategic culture is one of the main reasons for unbalanced foreign policy of Ukraine, which in its turn poses a serious threat for state’s national security.
 Special attention is paid to the analysis of the political elite’s role, as a national strategic culture carrier, in the processes of strategic culture forming and developing. The key features of the Ukrainian elite and their influence on political and strategic culture of Ukraine are defined.
 Revolution of Dignity and Russian Federation’s armed aggression against Ukraine are identified as catalysts of the integral strategic culture of Ukraine formation inasmuch as these events enhanced the processes of reformatting the national identity and renewing the system of values.
 The outcomes of the research focuses attention on the need of developing by the Ukrainian political elite the strategy of Ukraine’s strategic culture development in order to form a balanced and consistent national security policy.

Image of an “Enemy” as a Factor of Constructing the Ukrainian National Identity

The article shows that contrary to the fact that constructing the image of an “Enemy” for a long time has been remaining an inseparable element of the strategy of forming a national identity, yet it should be regarded as a rudiment of the national policy of the modern period, since then homogeneous national identity was the only way to gain political independence of a conscious proper cultural cutoff of the community. Meanwhile, in today’s conditions, the formation of a homogeneous national identity is a conflict strategy that can lead to a social split and fragmentation of the state borders. Given this, strategies that are aimed at ensuring a high level of citizens’ loyalty to the political state institutions on the basis of “constitutional”, “territorial”, “regional” and other patriotism seem more fruitful. Under conditions of implementing such a strategy and rational cultural policy aimed at developing a system of super-ethnic values that will be shared by the majority of the population of a certain state, it is possible to overcome the world-view split and save the national identity.

UKRAINIAN INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL REMEMBRANCE ACTIVITIES ON THE RESTORATION AND PRESERVATION OF MEMORY OF THE SOVIET REPRESSIONS IN THE WESTERN REGIONS

Summary. The purpose of the article is to describe and analyze activities of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory on restoring the memory of Soviet repression in the western regions in the period from 1939 to 1953, as well as to propose measures to improve effectiveness of this work. The research methodology is based on a combination of a range of theoretical and methodological approaches, principles, methods and techniques, systematics, science, authorial objectivity, and the use of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization). Regulations, official reports and communications of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory were the empirical basis of the study. General scientific methods made it possible to process the collected information in order to structure it and obtain conclusions about the effectiveness of this work and ways to improve it. The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time the state measures to restore the memory of Soviet repression in the western regions are covered on the basis of reports of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory for 2016‒2019 and messages covered on its official website covered. The peculiarities of these measures are analyzed in accordance with the directions (rule-making, decommunization and rehabilitation of victims of repressions of the communist totalitarian regime of 1917–1991, popularization, education). Conclusions. In the current difficult conditions, the problem of understanding the phenomenon of national memory is becoming increasingly important. Among Ukrainians, it is marked with ambivalence and divergent interpretations of the past that do not adhere to a single value-semantic logic; there is a clear regional dimension of contradictions in understanding the history of Ukrainian lands. These factors are used by the Russian Federation in the hybrid war against Ukraine. It manipulates the significant influence of the Soviet identity, which inhibits the rooting of Ukrainian national identity in order; to weaken the value foundations of our statehood. Therefore, the country needs national consolidation and an active humanitarian policy, in particular to restore and preserve the national memory of Ukrainian people. The central executive body that implements this policy is the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance, which, among other things, takes a number of measures to restore the public memory of Soviet repression in the western regions and has the potential to increase effectiveness of this area of humanitarian policy.

NEW ROME, AS AN IDEAL HIERATOPY, IN THE GALICIAN SACRED ARCHITECTURE OF THE INDEPENDENCE AGE

The aim of the article is to reveal the tendency to use images of the Constantinople capital's architecture in the projects of sacred buildings in Galicia at the beginning of the XXI century. Under the hieratopy of New Rome means the special status of Constantinople - the sacred center of the World Christian (Roman) State. After the fall of Constantinople, the image of New Rome became available for reproduction in previously remote corners of the Byzantine world, including in the construction of the identities of certain modern nations formed in the nineteenth century. It is underlined that the hieratopy of New Rome became an important part of Ukrainian identity searching within the sacred architecture of Galicia. It is determined that in varying degrees, it was characteristic of the search for a national manifestation both in the period of the turn of the XIX - XX centuries, and of the Independence period in the turn of the XX - XXI centuries. It is determined that for this last period, an important factor was the significant improvement of relations between the Western (Latin) and Eastern (Orthodox) churches, the rehabilitation of Eastern traditions in Roman Catholic discourse. Also the article shows examples of a number of buildings, which testify to different variants of architecture work of sacred buildings in Galicia (West Ukraine) with images of hieratopia of New Rome. Furthermore is given a ways in which it fits into the existing stereotypes of architectural manifestation of Ukrainian national identity and symbolism, as well as manifestations of Ukrainian national identity.

National Identity Formation under Statelessness: Experience of Ukraine in Soviet Times

The issue of national identity is multifaceted, disputable and extremely important in modern society, being one of the factors that determine its vitality. This paper presents the look at the problem from pedagogical perspective. The authors aim to explore the peculiarities of the formation of Ukrainian national identity in native intelligentsia under Ukrainian statelessness in Soviet times using the life and activity of Yurii Stupak as an example. Yurii Stupak is a notable representative of Ukrainian intelligentsia, an educator, scholar, literary studies expert, art critic, local history researcher, the author of numerous works in history of education and ethno-pedagogy. The study uses qualitative methodology and is founded on the laws and categories of scientific research. The researchers applied modern research approaches (personality oriented, cultural, personified, interdisciplinary) and methods (general scientific analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization; textual analysis, elaboration of the source base and historiographical work on the selected problem; the method of retrospective analysis). The authors have established that formation of the personality of Yurii Stupak as a teacher and scholar was influenced by numerous socio-political, socio-economic, cultural-educational and personal factors. The authors prove the decisive impact of family education and learning from nationally conscious teachers at higher education institutions as well as self-education and will for constant personal and professional development on facilitating the continuity of the process of formation of Ukrainian national identity in the native intelligentsia during the investigated period. It is confirmed that national identity does not depend on the existence of sovereign statehood, but it stimulates its revival.

The history of bandura art or how bandura became the musical symbol of the Ukrainian nation

ABSTRACT Bandura is a unique Ukrainian national folk instrument. The analysis of the history of the bandura shows that bandura art appeared in the sixteenth century among Cossacks who struggled for freedom, independence and unity of the Ukrainian nation. The repertoire of Cossack bandurists who later became professional bandura players, reflected not only important historical events but also all the aspects of Ukrainian life. At all times bandurists songs answered the most important question for every nation – who are we? Bandurists songs formed self-consciousness of the Ukrainian people and contributed to the transformation of Ukrainian ethnos into a nation. Thus, the bandura art has become an important feature of the Ukrainian national identity and the bandura itself – the musical symbol of – Ukrainian nation.

Role of memory in forming national identity. “The land of bitter tenderness” by Volodymyr Lys

Role of memory in forming national identity. “The land of bitter tenderness” by Volodymyr Lys
 The paper offers an attempt to look at the “The Land of Bitter Tenderness” by contemporary Ukrainian writer Volodymyr Lys in the context of the search for individual and national identity, national memory, as well as the history of the 20th century Ukraine. In the analyzed work, the writer uses the image of a child, which, in the researcher’s opinion, is a quite rare phenomenon in Ukrainian literature. The is technique was used by the writer in order to capture the reader’s attention and make him penetrate the text of the novel deeper. The us, the author informs the reader that the main idea of the work is extremely important because the average person is accustomed to paying more attention to children. On occasion, the writer points out that manipulating a child’s memory was the easiest way for the Bolsheviks in their criminal social experiment. The writer emphasizes that the effects of ‘brainwashing’ may be prevented, but it is impossible to cure the trauma left by this process in the soul of a person. Analyzing the mentioned novel, the author of the paper refers to the works in the fields of literary studies, pedagogy, sociology, and psychology, written by Philip Aries, Rudolf Schaffer, Ellen Kay, Pierre Nora, Katarzyna Segiet, and others. The Ukrainian writer, describing the fate of three women (grandmother, daughter, and granddaughter), presented against the backdrop of the tumultuous Ukrainian history of the last century, is trying to restore the lost memory, both individual and collective, in order to secure the process of building Ukrainian national identity. The writer draws attention to the fact that during almost all the 20th century not only the Ukrainian nation but also Ukrainian history has been the subject of constant Bolshevik manipulation and fraud. He emphasizes that the prerequisite for building a unified Ukrainian identity is the attempt to restore individual and collective memory in Ukrainians, including the memory of history.

THE PROBLEM OF CORRELATION OF THE CONCEPTS «SOVEREIGNTY» AND «NATIONAL IDENTITY»: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL DIMENSION

The position of close connection between the concepts of «national identity» and the concept of «sovereignty» is defended. Emphasis is placed on the fact that in Ukraine the issue of national identity is often related to its ethnic and cultural component. After all, the basis for the formation of national identity after the collapse of the USSR was ethnic identity, mainly due to the fact that in the days of the Soviet state there was no fully developed civil society. But since for a modern nation that integrates into the European community, the civic component of national identity is no less important than ethnic, the next step in its crystallization should be the «cultivation» of a mature civil society. It is articulated that the latter consists of sovereign, educated individuals on whom social (people's) sovereignty depends, which in democratic countries is essentially and procedurally provided by the rule of law and, ultimately, creates the subjectivity and sovereignty of the latter. It is noted that one of the important functions of a sovereign state is the ability to recreate its own national identity. And for a democratic state, it is important to provide everyone with the opportunity to make a conscious and free choice of his identity. After all, when there is a possibility of conscious choice, then a mature civil society is formed, ready to defend its own national identity, as the latter will be formed in its own coordinate system of citizens, rather than under duress, which is more typical of authoritarian and totalitarian states. Which, ultimately, will ensure the stability, subjectivity and sovereignty of the state at both the domestic and foreign policy levels. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the nation is a natural community, and the natural community does not have the ability to articulate the problem of the sovereignty of the individual, which is based on the concept of natural rights. The implementation of the latter can be ensured only by the rule of law under the influence of civil society. The implementation of the latter can be ensured only by the rule of law under the influence of civil society. Therefore, the modern national identity in Ukraine can be formed in the context of European traditions, if the full implementation of both ethnic and civic components.

THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY THROUGH THE THEORETICAL APPROACHES OF LINGUISTIC AND LANGUAGE IDENTITY OF UKRAINIAN DISSIDENTS

In this article, the author analyzes the ideological struggle for the Ukrainian national identity happened in a meaningful time of Khrushchev Thaw when first dissidents appeared. Additionally, we have applied the theme of ideological propaganda and agitation considered through language approach to a larger scientific extent. First, we characterize separately the creating of an ethnic identity endorsed by the SRSR, and national identity of the URSR as an integral part of a specific social identity, linguistic identification with representatives of a certain nation, its culture and traditions, which include the entire complex of emotions caused by the sense of belonging. By involving the idea of identity as a relational, socio-cultural phenomenon, we considered the concept of Bucholt and Hall, J. Mead, K. Levy-Strauss. Next, we identify the works of Anthony Smith, Herbert Blumer, Ernest Gellner, Eric Gobsbaum. Trying to conduct the concept analysis of the formation of the Ukrainian national identity through the semantic and semiotic aspects of the language identity according to the Dissidents movement we used 3 key topic notions: - Identity as a relational, socio-cultural phenomenon; - Socio-historical contextualization of showing the national identity as an environmental product of the nation; - Ideology of the Standard Language. Finally, the author comes to an outcome that the Soviet ideology allowing the formation of the so-called ethnographic identity of Ukrainians, made considerable efforts to prevent the creation of a nationwide identity that Ukrainian Dissidents were fighting for, herewith, artificially imposing the idea of the disunity of Eastern and Western Ukraine.

DYNAMICS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY FORMATION IN INDEPENDENT UKRAINE

The dynamics of national identity formation in independent Ukraine has been studied. Based on the analysis of the results of sociological research, the state, problems, and prospects of Ukrainian national identity formation have been revealed. At the time of the declaration of independence, Ukraine was characterized by a blurred national identity, where regional identities predominated when the West of Ukraine focused on the European Union, and its East and South parts focused on Russia. The sociological research results revealed positive dynamics in the formation of Ukrainian national identity in the conditions of independent Ukraine, as it is a civic identity that has become a priority for the citizens of Ukraine over other group identities. At the same time, the shortcomings of the liberal approach to the formation of national identity, which emphasizes human rights, ignoring the problems of blurred Ukrainian national identity, incomplete nation-building processes in Ukraine, and the collective rights of Ukrainians as the titular nation, are proved. This led to the deepening of divisions and fragmentation of Ukrainian society, the alienation of property and power by the broad masses of people. Russia took advantage of this by unleashing a "hybrid war" against Ukraine and annexing Crimea and part of the Donbas. However, the modern political elite has not drawn proper conclusions, and as the results of recent sociological studies show, it continues to pursue politics, ignoring the Ukrainian national interests and expectations of its own people. The priority of national integration and ensuring the national unity of Ukraine has been justified while maintaining the priority of European integration concerning other areas of foreign policy orientation and international integration. It is proved that the conceptual basis for consolidating the people of Ukraine can be primarily the Ukrainian national idea. Keywords: national identity, Ukraine, consolidation of society, Ukrainian national ide

Poet and scientist Nikolai Kostomarov: the problem of identity

It is extremely difficult to explore creative products outside of social and biographical contexts. This is especially important in the case when the literary and national processes form a single whole - as was the case in Ukraine in the 19th century. The famous writer, historian and public figure Nikolai Kostomarov played a significant role in the development of that multifaceted - literary and at the same time national - process. And today his personality is of considerable scientific interest - primarily as a certain type of Ukrainian intellectual who has gone through a difficult path of national self-knowledge. His individual experience of comprehending personal and national identity still has great cognitive value. The history of the acquisition of identity is presented primarily in the writer's autobiography, although it has not escaped the tangible influence of the author's (conscious or unconscious) retrospective correction. The materials of the autobiography are supplemented by memoirs of third parties, which, at least in key episodes, are often based on the testimonies of the same Kostomarov. Biographers have introduced into the interpretation of the facts a lot that was inspired by the stereotypes of romanticism. Selected biographical episodes are presented in the aspect of the search for individual freedom. The factor of fantasizing is also highlighted, in particular regarding the nature of the creative and scientific practices of the poet and historian, providing for a psychological "immersion" in another environment or era. In a sense, the continuation of historical reconstructions and psychological practices of "immersion" in the studied environment was Kostomarov's study of the Ukrainian language, and his recording of folk songs, and further author's rethinking of folklore motives. All together significantly influenced his self-awareness and, over time, determined the adoption of the Ukrainian national identity.

ҐЕНДЕРНА РІВНІСТЬ ТА СОЦІАЛЬНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ СУСПІЛЬНОГО ЖИТТЯ: ФІЛОСОФСЬКЕ ОСМИСЛЕННЯ

The aim of the article is to identify the ideological and cultural prerequisites for gender equality in society. Politics is the central battlefield of the social struggle for the rights of all gender groups, but in modern Ukraine the main gender group that has a real chance to achieve significant success in this struggle is women. This is evidence of the unfinished struggle for gender rights and gender equality in Ukraine. This struggle is an integral part of the liberalization of public life, which is rightly associated with the European dimension of Ukrainian national identity. Bringing the level of social institutions closer to similar European models, on the one hand, has an integral part of achieving gender equality, on the other hand — it is necessary to achieve all other types of equality of Ukrainian citizens in their political rights. The issue of gender equality is most vulnerable when radical, fundamentalist attitudes are on the rise in society. The democratic legal system of regulation of public life, which impartially ensures the observance of individual rights and freedoms of members of any communities and gender identities, is attacked both by supporters of traditional religious values and by representatives of the secular authoritarian system. In the case of Polish women’s protests, gender equality has become hostage to temporary political expediency in alliance with religious church interests, and in Ukraine, despite a favorable legal background, gender equality is hampered by a mixture of authoritarian pasts with a corrupt oligarchic political selection system.

ЛІНГВОКУЛЬТУРЕМИ В РИТОРИЧНІЙ СХЕМІ ПРОМОВ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ АДВОКАТІВ ГАЛИЧИНИ ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ

The article is devoted to the analysis of functional mechanisms of persuasive speech formulas, namely, linguoculturemes (ethnic, cultural stereotypes, mythologemes, and precedent phenomena) in the defensive speeches of Ukrainian lawyers in Galicia in the beginning of 20th century. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the interaction between historical, political and sociocultural factors and strategies of linguoculturemes’ usage. The phenomenon of the rhetorical scheme is analyzed from the standpoint of extralinguistic context. The rhetorical scheme is considered as a set of rhetorical communicative instruments by which the speaker relays his own rhetorical picture of the world in order to influence the common socio-cultural communicative space. Linguoculturemes are described as essential media of historical, political, and cultural discourse in persuasive speeches. The main strategies of communicative formulas in defensive speeches of Ukrainian barristers of Galicia are analyzed. The strategy of selection of linguoculturemes was in keeping with the traditions of the Austro-Hungarian judiciary but also the desire to establish Ukrainian national identity. All precedent phenomena were used due to the imperial model of the world and achievements of the Polish people. However, at the beginning of the twentieth century, under the imperial regime, attempts to form a rhetorical scheme of defensive speeches focused on Ukrainian values and statehood can be noticed. The article considers the essence of defensive speech as an example of the official communication linked to social context in two ways: the extralinguistic conditions affect the speech structure, and the speaker, in turn, selects certain communicative formulas (linguoculturemes) to establish the linguocultural identity. The future tendencies of Ukrainian judicial rhetoric are the improvement of the communicative skills of the lawyers-rhetoricians, the rejection of Russian legal stamps, and the reactivation of traditional Ukrainian linguoculturemes.

Запезпечення етнокультурного розвитку української державотворчої нації як напрям публічної політики щодо формування української національної ідентичності

З’ясовано чинники, що негативно впливають на формування української національної ідентичності на сучасному етапі розвитку українського соціуму, серед яких: гібридна війна Росії проти України, культурна експансія сусідніх держав в Україні, інтенсивні глoбалізаційні прoцеси, домінуючий вплив інформаційних потоків зарубіжних держав на інформаційно-культурний простір України, недосконалість освітньої, мовної та культурної публічної політики України. Проаналізовано діяльність органів публічного управління щодо забезпечення розвитку української культури, мови, відродження української національної пам’яті. Запропоновано шляхи удосконалення публічної політики у сфері забезпечення етнокультурного розвитку української державотворчої нації у контексті формування української національної ідентичності, зокрема: на основі системності та комплексності етнополітики прискорити процес формування єдиного українського мовно-культурного та мовно-інформаційного простору, української соцієтальної культури; розробити та втілити державну програму національно-патріотичного виховання, збільшити фінансування галузей освіти й науки, підвищити якість українських освітніх та наукових продуктів.

The specifics of shaping the national and political identities in Ukrainian society: history and modernity

The study examines the shaping of political and national identity in Ukraine in historical context, defines the factors influencing the process; the scope of the study covers the period from the beginning of the 20th century to the present days. The urgency of the study lies in the fact of existence of double identities in the collective and individual consciousness of Ukrainians at the beginning of the 20th century, which also complicates the problem of the choice of identities in modern Ukrainian society. The main range of problems requiring further research, debating points and poorly investigated problems, perspectives of studies in the area and ways of solving the existing social problems are identified. Along with the theoretical principles of studying the specifics of shaping of social consciousness, practical measures are taken to overcome the existing crisis in the public consciousness, complex solutions to the problem of shaping the collective historical memory of Ukrainians are proposed.

CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN NATION IN THE NEWEST ERA AS PRESENTED BY DMITRY DONTSOV

Summary. The purpose of the research. The purpose of the study is to characterize the evolution of the Ukrainian nation in the period of recent times as presented by D. Dontsov. The research methodology is based primarily on the principle of historicism, concretized by the approach to historical phenomena and processes from the standpoint of dynamics, the study of the relationships between them and their interdependence. A number of general historical methods were also applied, namely: comparative-historical, historical comparative studies, retrospective for the analysis and comparison of D. Dontsov’s ideology with other ideological directions. To characterize the ideology of the «acting» («strong-willed») nationalism of D. Dontsov, methods of the history of ideas are used. The scientific novelty is connected with the fact that D. Dontsov’s ideas and views regarding the problems of the evolution of the Ukrainian nation are still not well understood. In particular, this primarily concerns his heritage contained in the journalism of authorship of D. Dontsov, published in the socialist periodicals of 1909–1911. Conclusions. In the context of modern Russian aggression, the problem of establishing an independent Ukrainian state is becoming crucial. Under these conditions, the ideology of «valid» («strong-willed») nationalism of D. Dontsov and his vision of the direction of development of the Ukrainian nation is of particular importance. In particular, his teaching on the significance of national-spiritual leaders who are capable of contributing to the transformation of an oppressed people from an amorphous mass into a nation is significant. In the history of Ukraine, among other few ideological leaders of the nation, this is precisely the role played by Dmitry Dontsov. The rejection of all of Russia as imperial and hostile to Ukraine has become one of the cross-cutting ideas that interweave Dmitry Dontsov’s work. He believed that it was not enough to realize the isolation of Ukraine from Russia, it was not enough to see the enemy in Russia, it is necessary that one should also resolutely overcome the servility of the Ukrainian intelligentsia to all Russians. Therefore, at the current stage of the struggle for the establishment of a full-fledged Ukrainian nation, the ideas of D. Dontsov play a special role in upholding the Ukrainian national dignity and identity.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE «UKRAINIAN» LEGEND IN THE BIOGRAPHY OF WILHELM VON HABSBURG

Summary. The purpose of the research – is to demonstrate how the historiographic image of Wilhelm von Habsburg, known as Colonel Vasyl Vyshyvanyi, was constructed on the basis of sources of personal origin and historiographic materials that were deposited during the XX century. The methodology of the research is based on the general scientific and special historical methods application. The principles of historicism, the objectivity and the value approach concerning the studied phenomena have been observed. The study source base has been covered and ensured by the heuristic method application. The use of the historical-genetic, historical-typological and historical-systemic methods has made it possible to reproduce and follow precisely the scientific discussions unfolding and to obtain the correct conclusions. The scientific novelty is that for the time in historiography shown as the as the story of the Austrian archduke, who decided to change his national identity and chose for himself the image of a fighter for the will of Ukraine, unfolded and mythologized. Conclusions. The history of the life of the Austrian Archduke Wilhelm von Habsburg-Lötringen has in recent years been enriched by a number of thorough studies. The main issue of this research was the question of choosing a Ukrainian national identity. This is where the construction of the Ukrainian legend Vasyl Vyshyvany in the historiography began, based on his own autobiography. As the accumulation of source and scientific material, the question of the vision of the hero evolved: from explaining the circumstances of change of national self-identification to exploring the motives of this step. Changes in the interpretation of this issue were also outlined and brought to the cultural and philosophical research field.

MODES OF LAUGHTER IN SOCIO-CULTURAL DYNAMICS:SOCIOPHILOSOPHICAL RECEPTION OF OLGA MALTSEVA

The publication is devoted to the analysis of the socio-philosophical concept of laughter, which was presented by a modern Ukrainian scholar Olga Maltseva. Our task is to examine, using the texts of the monograph “Metamorphoses of Laughter in the Dynamics of Sociocultural Space” and the corresponding doctoral dissertation, how it is establishing the “discourse of laughter”, a multidisciplinary research field with fruitful scientific communication, the search for theoretical and methodological foundations, a conceptual and terminological framework, and a special the language of «Gay Science». One of the questions that remains debatable is whether it will be possible to create a “universal scientific theory of laughter”.In the conceptualization of laughter and the development of a methodology for studying it as a sociocultural phenomenon, a special role belongs to social philosophy. On this basis, we highlight the main thematic regions of social and philosophical study of laughter. One of these thematic regions is laughter and national identity. Laughter is considered as a phenomenon of “frontier”. The sources of Ukrainian national identity are studied as a result of the “meta- frontier” existence of our people. The Cossack myth of Ukraine illustrates an unconscious appeal to trickster strategies of self-regulation in borderline situations, revealing the archetypal features of a “cheerful warrior”. Olga Maltseva considers types of post-modern carnivalization. Traditional holidays today are turning into total, artificial “festivity”. There is a carnivalization of the media, intellectual sphere and scientific activity, carnivalization of sports and fashion industry, leisure and recreation practices (carnival tourism), carnivalization of eschatology as a anticipation of an apocalyptic carnival. The result of the study became a wide panorama of the consequences of postmodern carnivalization. Laughter in transitional states of social development violated the usual mode of existence of stable spheres of community and culture, changed their societal destination, At the same time, laughter provides an impetus for the emergence of new attitudes, the generation of new meanings that can become the basis of the value paradigm of the future.