Competitiveness Of National Economy Research Articles

Monetary mechanisms for managing competitiveness of national economy: currency wars

Monetary mechanisms for managing competitiveness of national economy: currency wars

FORMATION OF INVESTMENT RESOURCES FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY

Introduction. In order to improve the competitiveness of economy of Ukraine, it is necessary to complete a complex modernization, which requires structural change of the economy, reconstruction and launch of modern production facilities on the level of industrial countries. Furthermore, the accumulation of capital, increase of innovative products production, strengthening of domestic market, improvement of social standards are the key elements to enhance economy’s competitiveness. Purpose. The article aims to develop theoretical and organizational principles and practical recommendations in order to improve the mechanism of investment resources of formation for innovative development of national economy. Results. Theoretical and organizational aspects of innovative development of national economy and its financial support have been considered in this research. Various indicator’s dynamics of national economic competitiveness and its investment capacity have been analysed and indicated. Furthermore, several methods of financing of innovative modernization have been discovered. Unused financial resources for industrial development have been determined. The authors have explained the need for their consolidation for certain purpose. Recommendations to improve the mechanism of consolidated funds from different owners have been worked out. The optimal structure of consolidated innovation fund has been analysed.

Problems and prospects of the Eurasian Economic Union: SWOT analysis

In this article the authors examine the impact of integration processes on the competitiveness of national economies of the participating countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEC). Any integration, including integration within the EAEC affects the economy of participants in two ways: on the one hand it favorably promotes multilateral mutually beneficial business contacts, and on the other hand, it feels the strength, competing with each other, the individual national economies. The authors comprehensively investigated the current situation and problems of the EAEC with the use of different methods of political analysis (comparative and system analysis, content analysis, event analysis, SWOT-analysis, and others.). In a sufficiently sharp polemical form, based on credible evidence materials, the article shows not only the integration of interaction, but also features of competition within the EAEC, the causes of conflict, as well as the consequences that resulted in the devaluation of ruble and dumping prices in Russia, which in turn all have a negative impact on competitiveness of the economies of Kazakhstan and Belarus.

ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РЕГИОНА

In modern conditions of economy development and strengthening of globalization processes in the world space one of the most urgent problems of the Russian Federation is the national interests’ safety that assumes improvement of the managing mechanism of certain territorial subjects of the federation according to the Strategy of national security of the country. One of the leading roles in this case is assigned to innovative production by an industrial complex of economy which will provide competitiveness of national economy in accordance with the needs of world consumers. The integration of the efforts of regional authori-ties and business owners has to become the practical purpose of the management mechanism of the industrial potential of the Bryansk region. It is aimed at efficiency increase of industrial potential use due to implementation of "new" industrial policy, based on intensification of innovative activity, increase of science and production interaction, improvement of the state support mechanisms.

Nomadic political ontology and transnational academic mobility

ABSTRACTTransnational academic mobility is often characterized in relation to terms such as ‘brain drain’, ‘brain gain’, or ‘brain circulation’ – terms that isolate researchers’ minds from their bodies, while saying nothing about their political identities as foreign nationals. In this paper, I explore the possibilities of a more ‘nomadic political ontology’, where the body is ‘multifunctional and complex, a transformer of flows and energies, affects, desires and imaginings’ (p. 25). In this sense, academic mobility is not only the outcome of national innovation and economic competitiveness strategies, but also sets the conditions for epistemic and ontological change at the level of the individual. In this paper, I explore a personal account of the nomadic political ontology of academic mobility to exemplify the interrelationships between nationalism, academic belonging and transnationalism. My experiences as a transnational subject affect the stability and scope of my work as a policy-oriented researcher who studies the academic profession and the internationalization of higher education. My positionality in relation to my research focus is likely not unique to the field of higher education studies or educational research more broadly, which permits a wider applicability of this exploration beyond personal narrative and a particular national context. This personal reflection, guided by nomadic theory and post-structural possibilities, offers a viewpoint of the academic profession beyond the standard mobility discourse.

Perubahan Ekonomi Global dan Tantangan bagi Indonesia [Global Economic Change and Challenges for Indonesia

The shifting of global political-economy since early 1990s has been followed by the expansion of regional economy cooperation forum establishment, such as: NAFTA (North America Free Trade Area), EFTA (European Free Trade Area) and APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation). Indonesia, together with the other South East Asia countries who join ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asia), is also actively involved in engaging regional economy cooperation forums, such as: ASEAN-China FTA, ASEAN-India FTA, ASEAN-Jepang Economic Partnership, ASEAN Regional Economi Partnership (ARCEP). The establishment of those economic regionalism is apparently a strategy in responding economical globalization. Indonesia’s involvement in those regional economy cooperations has increased its national commitment, both in going through economical liberization as well as in building its national economy competitiveness. This research describes Indonesian political challanges in responding the dynamic changes of that global economy.

Examination of travel and tourism competitiveness contribution to national economy competitiveness of sub-Saharan Africa countries

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to examine the influence of travel and tourism competitiveness (measured by the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index [TTCI]) on the national economic competitiveness of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries (measured by the Global Competitiveness Index [GCI]). The aim is to identify critical factors for improving competitiveness of SAA countries from the area of tourism competitiveness. The study was conducted using the following methods: regression, cluster and grey relational analysis (GRA). Results reveal that travel and tourism competitiveness has a high impact on national competitiveness in the analysed group of countries. The study identified three homogeneous groups within SSA countries according to the TTCI pillars. The different impact of the TTCI on the GCI is determined in each of these three homogeneous groups of countries. The outcomes of this study could provide recommendations for tourism development policy-makers in SSA countries based on the results of GRA.

Russian–Belarusian Energy Cooperation

This article examines the current state of Belarus's energy system, as well as the relationships among Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia under the Customs Union and the Single Economic Space. The development of new ideas for energy security that would significantly reduce the effect of hydrocarbon exports on economic development and increase the national economy's competitiveness are necessary. The creation of a common energy market under the Eurasian Union should be the foundation of this process.

Research and Development Investment as Determinant of International Competitiveness and Economic Growth in Eu28 and Serbia

Abstract R&D expenditures (R&D) are an important precondition for the economic growth and development, as well as for the improvement of export performances and competitiveness of national economies. Knowledge has been increasingly identified as the primary factor of economic growth in the modern business environment. In order to outline appropriate policy on R&D expenditures, it is necessary to analyse indicators of the dynamics and quality of R&D expenditures as well as indicators regarding growth and development of national economies. In this paper, we present R&D expenditures of old and new EU Member States as well as Serbia. Based on the correlation intensity of indicators of R&D expenditures and economic growth and export, it’s been analysed if R&D intensity has an impact on competitiveness and growth in mentioned countries since 2000. Although Serbia has implemented significant economic reforms since 2000 and there has been an overall awareness of the need on higher R&D, the R&D sector still lags behind developed countries of the EU. Therefore, this paper directs attention to the importance of identifying and implementing a national policy on R&D expenditures, with special focus on necessity for improved R&D funding of the business sector and growth of R&D funding from abroad.

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ НОВАЦІЇ НА РИНКУ ОСВІТНІХ ПОСЛУГ: ВІТЧИЗНЯНИЙ ТА ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД

Today knowledge and information become the main resources and sources of wealth both the certain person, and the country in general. Competitiveness of national economy is defined not by the volume of natural or production resources, but first of all intellectual potential, ability to generate new knowledge. This fact emphasizes need of search of the new directions of support and development of domestic education market. It is for this purpose actual to use marketing innovations.In article experience of educational institutions of Great Britain, Poland, Germany and the USA at creation of effective system of involvement of entrants and formation of a brand of educational institution with use of modern marketing tools is analysed, possibilities of adaptation of this experience to domestic conditions are defined. Offers on introduction of a marketing complex of the highest scientific institution on the basis of the concept of marketing-mix "5P" in the conditions of deterioration in a demographic and social and economic situation in the country in general are developed.

ECONOMY COMPETITIVENESS AND MODERN PEDAGOGICS DEFINITIONS CORRELATION

The purpose of the paper is to understand and explain economy competitiveness and modern pedagogic definition correlation. Education for entrepreneurship or economic development, and education for environmental sustainability, or sustainable development are seen as arguing goals in education reforms. Teachers today also encounter a number of other and equally important challenges in their work, such as educating youth for insecurity, tolerance, new technologies, peace and active citizenship, to mention but a few. National economic competitiveness is linked to intellectual and capital and is driven by knowledge, and innovation. Sustainable development requires an understanding of the complexity of the global ecosystem and of creative problem-solving the solutions searching to ‘wicked problems’ such as that of reconciling economic activity with a sustainable environment. Methodology. It is used the data from publications and reports of the European Commission, OECD, World Bank, World Economic Forum, UNESCO, International Journals in Economics and Pedagogic: American Economic Review, Journal of Education Policy, Journal of Education Change, European Journal of Education. In the article the descriptive analysis, supported by the quantitative analysis is applied. Results. It was defined that national economic competitiveness is linked to capital driven by knowledge and innovation. It was analysed the formation of Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) which is made up of over 110 variables. According to the GCI Switzerland is the most competitive economy in the world in 2015. It is highlighted the following overarching needs to: give a higher profile to the notion of interdependence: how closely one part of an ecosystem is linked to and depends upon another; making humanity more aware of its own fragility on this planet; highlight the role of cooperation: problems faced will only be resolved by international cooperation; develop the notion of a global public good: environmental sustainability can only be achieved by trans ceding particular national or individual needs. Practical implication. The results of the investigation may be used in teaching programs of Ukrainian universities, institutes and schools. Value/originality. Received conclusions will help Ukrainian pedagogues to understand the importance of new conception of knowledge, innovation and intellectual capital.

II Международная научно-практическая конференция «Конкурентоспособность национальных экономик и регионов в контексте глобальных вызовов мировой экономики» (г. Ростов-на-Дону, 14-15 апреля 2016 г.)

II Международная научно-практическая конференция «Конкурентоспособность национальных экономик и регионов в контексте глобальных вызовов мировой экономики» (г. Ростов-на-Дону, 14-15 апреля 2016 г.)

Možnosti využitia prostriedkov virtuálneho sveta vo vzdelávaní

The paper is devoted to understanding the influence of economic competitiveness and environmental sustainability on education. It was concluded that national economic competitiveness is linked to intellectual and capital and is driven by knowledge, and innovation. Sustainable development requires an understanding of the complexity of the global ecosystem and of creative problem-solving to find solutions to ‘wicked problems’ such as that of reconciling economic activity with a sustainable environment. It was highlighted the following overarching needs to: give a higher profile to the notion of interdependence: how closely one part of an ecosystem is linked to and depends upon another; making humanity more aware of its own fragility on this planet; highlight the role of cooperation: problems faced will only be resolved by international cooperation; develop the notion of a global public good: environmental sustainability can only be achieved by trans ceding particular national or individual needs.

The impact of innovativeness factors on the EU countries' competitiveness

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of innovativeness factors in the European Union (EU) member states on the level of their national economy competitiveness (global competitiveness of each country in the EU). The aim of the research is to identify the vital factors of innovativeness, innovative activity and innovation capital in the EU member states. The research is realized by the method of correlation, regression and cluster analysis. The research results point to the existence of differences in the level of innovativeness of the EU countries, a high correlation level between competitiveness and innovativeness, as well as segments of innovation activities (innovativeness factors) which require necessary actions for increasing the competitiveness level of the EU countries. The study gives recommendations to the innovation policy makers in the European Union countries for formulating national innovation strategy.

ASPECTS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY: GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND WAYS TO ACHIEVE THEM

The purpose of the study: • To consider the factors influencing competitiveness of national economies in the global market. • Highlight features of Russia's macroeconomic development in terms of factors that increase its competitiveness. • Identify ways to overcome the backlog of Russia from the world's leading economies. Research methods. In the process of studying the problem were used General scientific methods of cognition, in particular: • the method of logical analysis, • method of economic analysis, • the method of structural-functional analysis • method of comparison. The results of the study. Analysis of major global trends and the impact they have on the economy of Russia, showed that the task of improving the country's competitiveness at the global level – the issue is complex, but achievable. Research of Russian and Western economists helped to identify the main factors that contribute to improving the country's competitiveness in the global market. Among the most significant are: 1. The political will of the state (as in foreign as in domestic policy). 2. The main aspects of the state policy aimed at strengthening the positive dynamics in the economy. Public policy can be aimed at increasing the educational level of workers and employees, the deepening of the innovative trends, support investment in real sector of economy, etc. 3. Infrastructure, which includes not only power supply, easy transportation links, but also the establishment of industrial zones. 4. Human capital, which guarantees the production of high quality products. The concept of human capital is embedded as the level of professionalism and their physical ability, health. The quality of human capital is provided by investment of the state in health and education. 5. The quality of the products and services, which are understood as meeting the expectations of consumers. This concept is complex, it includes both the technical characteristics of the product, and the degree of its environmental performance. Wisely using the existing Russian advantage, she is able to gradually align its economic development, increasing the international competitiveness of the economy, regardless of unfavorable foreign factors. Conclusion Thus, the economic and social stability of the Russian economy largely depends on the degree of its competitiveness at the international level. Highly competitive gives you the opportunity to attract investment, which is lacking in Russia today. The main task of the state is currently using existing competitive advantages, namely, the overcoming of the crisis due to the volume of the internal market, which can give a major stimulus to revive the economy. However, it is necessary to promote the growth of incomes of the population: the higher the income, the higher the purchasing power. Don't forget about small and medium business as the source of wealth. Entrepreneurs provided the competent public policy can create new jobs, to introduce high-tech development. Despite the fact that individual indicators Russia has good results in the Global GCI ranking, more problems than positive trends. If not promptly take steps to eliminate the economy on a new, innovative level, there is a risk damping economic growth and development of Russia in the colonial raw materials export, sample. Amid falling oil prices, it promises only problem. To the state under regulation of the economy and social life need to pay attention to the need to: • the fight against corruption, • reduction of bureaucratic barriers, • improving the efficiency of government bodies at all levels, • the soundness of fiscal policy, incentives for investment in the real sector of the economy. Scientific novelty In a rapidly changing economic environment of the world market, it is very important to respond quickly to the changes that occur in the world. Recent events have also shown the politicization of many economic decisions taken at the global level. Russia's task today is to respond adequately to the changes occurring in the world, protecting their economic interests. Consideration of the economic problems in Russia through the prism of global economic and political processes makes it possible to adjust economic policy so as to minimize the damage to the economy by sanctions, falling oil prices and other negative factors.

THE MAIN FEATURES OF MODERN INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN INTERNATIONAL SERVICES TRADE

During last years, we can mention the increasing role of the services sector in the global economy. The share of services in gross domestic product (GDP) for most countries exceeds 50%, which demonstrates the importance of this sector in economic development and competitiveness of national economies. Interaction on liberalization of trade in services and domestic markets protection plays an important role in international trade negotiations, particularly within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). At the same time, there are a growing number of regional trade agreements (RTAs), which reduces barriers to trade in services between the participating countries.The goal of article is to determine the characteristics of institutional frameworks of international services trade in world economy.The special dynamics of international trade in services and its growing importance for economic development of countries makes more actual the additional research questions about institutional support international services trade. Today not enough attention is paid to the complex investigation to international trade in services regulation at two levels – global (based on mechanisms of WTO) and regional – throughh the use of regional trade agreements instruments.Today, the service sector in terms of development far exceeds the sphere of material production, which, in turn, is a powerful incentive to gain new competitive advantages in the global market. In the last two decades in the international services market clearly revealed the following trends in its development. Thus, it should be noted the growth of information and computer services sector in the structure of international trade in services resulting from innovation in this field. There is the tendency to dominance of developed countries in international trade in services, which are leading both in terms of exports and imports of services; however, their share of yearly decreases against the background of strengthening the position of developing countries in the international services market through their active involvement in international trade.The importance of regional integration processes is one of the features of trade policy in a globalizing world economy. Currently, most of all RTAs include provisions concerning international trade in services, although most universal mechanism for regulating international exchange services is still GATS rules. However, in practice, the mechanism used GATS relatively low, and the reason why may be that part of the trade in services liberalization carried out autonomously countries. As part of the trade preferential agreements much easier to reach agreements on the liberalization of trade in services for individual conditions will be more beneficial for these countries than in the conditions specified under the GATS.For the current competitive environment, regional trade agreements are an additional tool for liberalization, which is the basis of ideology WTO system. The processes of regional integration in international trade in services today are one of the signs of the global community. Strategy of most developing countries’ growth is the services sector providing as one of the main activities of the gradual liberalization.

State Stimulation of Cluster Initiatives in Business

The authors substantiate the necessity for state stimulation of cluster initiatives in entrepreneurship, study the experience of developed countries in the sphere of state stimulation of cluster initiatives in entrepreneurship, and give recommendations for improving the system of state stimulation of cluster initiatives in entrepreneurship. As a result of the research, the authors conclude that at present, innovational economy is an economic system which functions on the basis of business networks, as it is this model that provides innovational cooperation between specialists of various scientific and technical spheres, between organizations various sizes (large, medium, and small), and between groups of companies of various types of economic activities. Cluster strategy in modern global practice is one of the most important tools of state policy of increasing competitiveness of national economies. Thus, the most competitive spheres develop on the basis of cluster principle, and support for cluster building stipulates the growth of competitiveness of economies of the countries on the whole. That’s why state stimulation of cluster initiatives in business stipulates the development of entrepreneurship and of national economy on the whole. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1p133

Individualising the future: the emotional geographies of neoliberal governance in young people's aspirations

In response to record levels of youth worklessness and socio‐economic inequalities, the UK Coalition Government has sought to scale back public spending through welfare cuts, emphasising self‐reliance for financial provision. Education, as a tool for both personal progression and national economic competitiveness, has risen up the political agenda, as the Government champions an ‘aspiration nation’ that rewards ‘hard‐working’ people. Young people are increasingly tasked with looking toward the future, taking responsibility and ‘raising’ their aspirations in order to contribute through economic production as active citizen‐workers. The power to achieve is placed firmly at the feet of individuals; yet broader inequalities that characterise the contemporary climate and powerfully shape the life chances of young people are overlooked. This paper explores the hopes and expectations of young people living in the north west of England as they think about their own future school‐to‐employment ambitions. The paper reflects on the structural changes that have occurred within the local economy over the last generation before examining how the task of responding to changing labour market conditions is internalised by the young people, with ‘success’ (or lack thereof) framed as an individual enterprise. Young people are negotiating a set of contradictory beliefs. They acknowledge their own responsibility as future adult citizens while also reflecting on the role of government in addressing inequalities, as contemporary economic restructuring and fiscal policies are reducing opportunities. The paper makes visible the emotional burdens young people anticipate as they endeavour to achieve a successful future in the context of economic uncertainty and an individualising political milieu of aspiration.

The Eurasian Economic Union: Realities and Challenges

Realities and current problems of the Eurasian Economic Union. In this article the authors examine the impact of integration processes on the competitiveness of national economies of the participating countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEC). Any integration, including integration within the EAEC affects the economy of participants in two ways: on the one hand favorably promotes multilateral mutually beneficial business contacts, and on the other hand, feels the strength, competing with each other, the individual national economies. The authors comprehensively investigated the current situation and problems of the EAEC with the use of different methods of political analysis (comparative and system analysis, content analysis, event analysis, SWOT-analysis, and others.). In a sufficiently sharp polemical form, based on credible evidence materials, the article shows not only the integration of interaction, but also features of competition within the EAEC, the causes of conflict, as well as the consequences that resulted in the devaluation of the ruble and the dumping prices in Russia, which in turn all have a negative impact on the competitiveness of the economies of Kazakhstan and Belarus. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s3p664

Planning in England: New Public Management, Network Governance or Post-Democracy?

Three frameworks – New Public Management, Network Governance and Post-Democracy – are applied to identify and explain the direction of institutional travel in the field of land-use planning in England. These frameworks are used to assess the extent to which land-use planning has been centralized or decentralized over the last 20 years. The last Labour government (1997–2010) is contrasted with the Conservative-led Coalition government (2010–2015). Labour introduced planning policies and an underpinning regional administrative machinery that the latter has replaced with a ‘localist’ planning system and sub-regional Local Enterprise Partnerships. The article concludes that both Labour and the Conservative-led Coalition embarked on policies that involved increased centralization, but that the centralization took different forms, though both parties denied sub-state institutions the political or other resources to challenge the central government in Westminster. Points for practitioners The dominant analytical perspectives on public administration are New Public Management and Network Governance. This article introduces a third perspective – Post-Democracy – not yet applied in public administration. Post-Democracy is developed here to depict government ministers as ‘political-bureaucratic managers’ oriented towards maintaining national economic competitiveness and mobilizing electoral support in new ways as the traditional, mass political party is declining. Consequently, ministers increasingly defer to business interests and default to a populist politics that often challenges established bureaucratic and professional interests within government. This article examines the implications of this political shift in the case of land-use planning in England.