National Economic Interests Research Articles

Procedure for assessing the territorial innovation potential in the context of national economic interests

Under the conditions of a gradual transition to the knowledge economy, the system of management of innovative development of territories is actualized in the context of the realization of their economic interests, which is the object of this study. The authors of this paper proceed from the fact that sustainable innovative development is possible subject to the activation of the innovative potential of the territory. This work solves the task of a comprehensive assessment of innovation potential from the standpoint of national economic interests. As a result of the study, a methodology for assessing the innovative potential of the region was proposed from the standpoint of ensuring the development of innovations, promoting the activity of innovation, guaranteeing its effectiveness and safety. The methodology differs from existing ones in that it takes into account such components as "innovative security" and "innovative support" of the territory. The methodology was verified using the example of economic regions. The influence of innovation potential on such indicators of realization of national economic interests as gross regional product and real disposable incomes of the population was revealed. Thus, the asymptotic significance of the ANOVA test in establishing the link between innovation potential and gross product is 0.005, and between innovation potential and income of the population – 0.00019. This testifies to the constancy of relations and confirms the hypothesis of the possibility to regulate the processes of realization of the national economic interests of the state through the impact on the innovative potential of its territories. The feature and advantage of the approach is a comprehensive assessment of the innovation potential and the ability to establish not only its condition but also the prospects for further activation. The results of the study can be useful for the system of state and regional management as they justify the directions of innovation policy formation

КОНЦЕПТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ІНТЕРЕСІВ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The dynamic development of the world and national economy is characterized by rapid changes, accompanied by the complication of economic relations and transformation of economic processes under the influence of informatization. Varieties of new factors, as well as the latest threats associated with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, have a significant impact on the development of the national economy. This issue is especially relevant in the absence of a vision of the key concepts of the formation of national economic interests of Ukraine in the information economy. The purpose of the research is aimed at defining the concepts of the formation of economic interests of Ukraine in the conditions of the information economy. The object of the research is the process of forming concepts and conceptual vision of the development of economic interests of Ukraine in the information economy. The methods of the research are actual scientific and applied research, statistical information. The article uses a number of methods, including analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization. The process of defining the concepts of formation of economic interests of Ukraine in the information economy was based on the study of the synergistic manifestation of the phenomena of the third, fourth and fifth industrial revolutions. The hypothesis of the research was the assumption that the grouping and meaningful definition of national economic interests and relevant concepts in measuring the impact on the state of the information economy determine the need for management changes in the overall vision of the national economy. The statement of basic materials. The groups were allocated and a meaningful definition of national economic interests and relevant concepts in measuring the impact on the states of the information economy was carried out, which outlined the vectors of managerial changes in the development of the national economy, which will ensure the adaptability of economic and social policies to the latest technological, economic, social and political processes caused by the parallel and convergent development of the third, fourth and fifth industrial revolutions, in order to ensure the effectiveness of domestic practice. The originality and practical significance of the research is due to the analysis of positive and negative processes from the point of view of realization of economic interests of the country, which allowed identifying key concepts that can be further involved in the construction of the concept of development of national economic interests in the information economy. The conducted research and development of practical recommendations provide an opportunity to promote the restoration of the national economy. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. It is proved that management concepts form and consolidate a scientifically based, comprehensive vision of the future, take into account the factors of change in the world and are the foundation of the general concept of development of national economic interests in the information economy

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА ЕКОНОМІКА: АСПЕКТИ РОЗВИТКУ ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ІНТЕРЕСІВ

The article analyzes the key aspects of the development and implementation of national economic interests. The main features that separate the information economy from the traditional system are outlined, namely: information and knowledge become new factors of social production; the growing theme of the increase in the volume of information, which exceeds the rate of GDP growth; dominance in the GDP structure of hightech industries and intellectual services; high level of capitalization of companies due to intangible (intellectual) assets; transnationalization of the global economic space through the spread of informatization processes and network cooperation. Attention is focused on the fact that the basis of the development of the information economy is high technology, which is produced by the electronic industry and forms a specific sphere of services, the key elements of which development are: the scientific and educational community and organizations that produce new knowledge and information; economic entities that will disseminate the latest knowledge and information by providing search, selection and replication services. An analytical review of the main variants of the interpretation of the category "national economic interests" was carried out. The proper definition of national economic interests in the conditions of the formation of the information economy is provided as a coordinated set of interests of all residents of the country, which are aimed at ensuring economic progress, safety and a high level of quality of life of the population based on the spread of innovative, information technologies and new knowledge in all areas of material and non-material production and social life. The main forms of realization of national economic interests in the conditions of the development of the information society are outlined, including: ensuring a high level of development and dynamism of innovative modernization; digital "networking" of all key forms of human activity; clustering of existing economic systems; cloud transformation of information space; introduction of artificial intelligence technologies. It has been proven that deepening knowledge about the regularities of the formation and implementation of national economic interests in the information economy is a necessary step on the way to a balanced and competitive development of the national economy, achieving a reliable level of information security of economic entities.

НАЦІОНАЛЬНІ ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ІНТЕРЕСИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: АКТУАЛЬНІ ТРЕНДИ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ

The article is devoted to topical issues of the development and discussion of the national economic interests of Ukraine in the conditions of the information economy based on the integration of provisions already developed by domestic scientists. It was determined that national economic interests in the legal space and research of scientists always have a link, a connection with the elements of protection of interests and influence on safe zones of stable reproduction of the country’s vital activities, the formation of harmonious and balanced relations in the "business – population – government” paradigm. The relevance of renewing the national economic interests of the country in the conditions of post-military recovery from the standpoint of progressive shifts in the system of the national economy, promotion of an innovative model of the economy, support of cluster formation as requirements for the country’s entry into the EU business space is considered and proven. Systematization of the already accumulated provisions, approaches and principles, which have unity in the directions of formation of the foundation of the theory of national interests, provide paradigmaticity, integrability in joint methodological, historical and genetic studies, development of the foundations of economic theory, management and economics, and have prospects of being involved in strategic, tactical plans for the post-military recovery of Ukraine’s economy. It is noted that the potential of the already developed provisions of theory, methodology and practice in articles, monographs, and dissertation studies have their relevance for Ukraine in terms of: improvement of the existing model of the information economy; development of strategic plans for the recovery of the country’s economy; the formation of a resource that will ensure the qualitative filling of the strategic plans of the state and branches with provisions of scientific opinion, creative and relevant tools for regulating the national economy. It has been proven that the solution of today’s problems and tasks of post-military reconstruction of the country should not take place on the platforms of competitive relations between scientists (scientific schools), but on the basis of the integration of knowledge, the joint search for the right scientific and practical management solutions.

НАЦІОНАЛЬНІ ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ІНТЕРЕСИ ПОШИРЕННЯ ЦИФРОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ В МЕНЕДЖМЕНТІ

The article proves that the development of the information economy is a driver of global economic growth and plays an important role in accelerating economic development, increasing the productivity of key sectors of the economy, forming new markets, industries, innovative business models, and ensuring sustainable growth and development. It is noted that the active process of informatization activates innovative transformations in the key areas of management of enterprises and organizations, namely: logistics management; personnel management; in planning, organization of production processes, quality control and other areas. The main principles of digitization of the economy of Ukraine, which determine the vectors of changes in the national management, are considered. The main economic advantages of the spread of digital technologies in management are identified, including: obtaining data in real time; automated analysis of large data sets; high speed of making managerial decisions and changes in accordance with the dynamics of the information and business environment; formation of a client-oriented business process; ensuring the synergy of the activities of the state, business and citizens in the direction of the implementation of basic national economic interests; modeling of future challenges and threats for states, business and society as a whole. It is noted that the realization of national economic interests is seen in the achievement of key tasks of economic development, which consist in achieving a high level of: informatization based on the integrative interaction of educational and research centers (universities) with business; production and entry into the international market of competitive innovative digital technologies, goods and services; modernization of the production sector of the economy of Ukraine through the active implementation of digital technologies inherent in Industry 4.0; access to infrastructure and obtaining the entire range of quality services for the country's population; digital culture and literacy of the country's population. It is proved that coordination and balancing of national economic interests in the emerging global information space is important for international cooperation, security management and development of countries' economies on the way to resolving possible disagreements and conflicts.

НАЦІОНАЛЬНІ ІНТЕРЕСИ В УМОВАХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ КЛАСТЕРИ ТА МЕРЕЖІ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ

In the minds of scientific and technological progress, information economy and globalization processes, economic, environmental and social officials who form the steel development of the country are gaining more and more importance. In 2015, the summit of the Organization of Nations was held at the hour of the 70th session of the General Assembly, for which 17 goals were assigned to the development. Ukraine, in its turn, has reached the light process of steel development, even before these goals to ensure stable economic growth, correct social inequality, innovative development and environmental safety. However, the effective achievement of the goals of sustainable development is not possible without a change in national economic interests and a transition to a renewable and circular economy within the framework of the information economy model. The article examines the concepts of informational "economy", "circular economy" and "clusters". The main characteristics of the information economy have been formed, such as: symbiosis and integration of technologies, the spread of the influence of information technologies on economic activity, and the increase in the use of information technology networks in economic institutions. The functions and principles of the information economy are defined. The basic model of the circular economy is outlined and its basic principles are given. The prerequisites for the emergence of the information economy were systematized, including: globalization of the economy, the transition from material production to information processing activities, fundamental transformations in the organization of production and economic activity, informatization. The ecological cluster and the result of its relationship with the eco-city were studied. The sphere of ecological clusters, or as it is also called "green economy", includes any economic activity that further leads to a decrease in ecological pressure on the environment as a result of human and business activities. Such economic activity is based on results that increase the efficiency of the use of natural resources and reduce harmful emissions into the environment. The basic components of the Japanese experience of environmental support have been formed at the expense of ecological clusters.

Європейський зелений курс на шляху реалізації національних економічних інтересів

The article is concerned with substantiating the directions of implementation of the European Green Deal in the system of ensuring national economic interests. The authors characterize the European Green Deal and define the current directions of its implementation in the conditions of post-war development of Ukraine. Among the national economic interests in the reconstruction of Ukraine in the vector of the European Green Deal, the authors distinguish «green» recovery, ensuring raw materials and energy security, «green» transition, restoration of industry on the basis of a circular economy, overcoming the negative environmental consequences of hostilities, spreading the principles of conscious consumption and social responsibility, ensuring food stability in compliance with eco-standards, supporting green projects in all spheres of social activity, green education and environmental culture in educating youth, effective functioning and transparent use of target and donor funds for the development of a «green» economy, decentralization of management and involvement of the public and communities in decision-making. The article substantiates each of these directions, determines the current state and prospects of its implementation. The authors prove that for the success of recovery processes, it is necessary to change the paradigm of thinking from an egocentric attitude to nature to conscious consumption and social responsibility. And active participation of the public in discussing the concept of reconstruction of the country, involving communities in making important decisions on the restoration of territories, information transparency and inclusiveness of power represent the key to the adoption by society of all further administrative, economic, social changes on the way to implementing the European Green Deal. As promising directions for future research, the authors highlight the development of mechanisms for implementing the «green» course with a perspective on post-war recovery, the methodological content of these mechanisms, the development of their instruments.

NATIONAL ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF UKRAINE IN THE SPHERE OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS

This article analyzes the national interests of Ukraine from the point of view of transformations of international economic relations during the period of military aggression. The aspects and indicators of the effectiveness of the state policy in the investment and innovation sphere for strengthening the security of the real sector of the economy, determining the risks and threats of using the investment and innovation potential of economic security and the degree of its influence on the competitive positions of Ukraine in the conditions of technological globalism are characterized. The directions of positive development of the global economy and international regulatory mechanisms of its influence on the national competitiveness and economic interests of Ukraine are outlined. A justified sequence of actions to ensure the economic security of Ukraine in the field of international economic relations, strategic directions of innovative activity and resource support of the investment and innovation component of the economic interests of the real sector of the economy in conditions of global competition.

SWOT ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN RURAL AREAS OF UKRAINE BY SECTORS

The article examines the essence of investing in the context of ensuring the economic security of Ukraine, analyzes the conceptual apparatus of investment security and investment risk. Its types are characterized and its classification is summarized, their impact on investment security is analyzed. The main external and internal factors that exert a constant influence on investment security, both negative and positive, are singled out. It was found out that the state objectively needs to more actively implement investment security mechanisms and direct them to the mutually coordinated achievement of national economic interests, to form the necessary, including market, conditions for the development of investment processes in accordance with internal and international threats for the formation of an effective state economic policy security of Ukraine. Therefore, the development of theoretical and methodological issues that provide a comprehensive approach to solving the problems of forming an effective state investment security policy is a well-founded necessity.

THE ESSENCE OF FINANCIAL SECURITY AS AN OBJECT OF ANALYSIS

Introduction. In the conditions of the instability of the economic situation in Ukraine, the challenges and threats to the security of Ukraine are intensifying, in particular, there is an increase in the risks of inflation, the shadowing of the economy, and the legalization of illegal income. Therefore, it is important to rethink the theoretical prerequisites and the terminological and conceptual apparatus of the security sphere in the context of solving the current tasks of financial security analysis at all levels of the economic system of the state. The purpose of the article is to determine the content of economic and financial security as objects of analytical research based on the analysis of information from professional sources and current regulatory and legal acts. Results. It has been established that a stable state of the state's financial system is recognized as financially safe, under which the necessary financial conditions are created for its sustainable development and ensuring the stability of the country's financial system. For the purposes of financial security analysis, it is advisable to classify it at the following levels: global, state (national), regional, industry, business. The analysis of financial security at different levels allows to optimize information support for management decision-making, including taking into account strategic goals and the influence of the external environment. Conclusions. The essential content of the definitions "economic security", "financial security" has been developed and their content and functional characteristics have been revealed. A state is recognized as economically secure if its economic condition is stable, characterized by the balance of relevant indicators and invulnerability to external and internal threats, and ensures sustainable and effective development based on the observance of national economic interests. Financial security is a priority component of the economic security of the state. A stable state of the state's financial system is recognized as financially safe, under which the necessary financial conditions are created for its sustainable development and ensuring the stability of the country's financial system. Analysis of financial security at the global, state (national), regional, branch, and business levels allows for the formation of a scientifically based information field for making management decisions. The results of the analysis of the company's financial security allow timely diagnosis of the threat of bankruptcy and risks of economic activity. Analysis of financial security at the state level allows identifying real and potential threats to national interests in the financial sphere.

RISKS AND THREATS TO INVESTMENT SECURITY AS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMIC SECURITY

The article examines the essence of investing in the context of ensuring the economic security of Ukraine, analyzes the conceptual apparatus of investment security and investment risk. Its types are characterized and its classification is summarized, their impact on investment security is analyzed. The main external and internal factors that exert a constant influence on investment security, both negative and positive, are singled out. It was found out that the state objectively needs to more actively implement investment security mechanisms and direct them to the mutually coordinated achievement of national economic interests, to form the necessary, including market, conditions for the development of investment processes in accordance with internal and international threats for the formation of an effective state economic policy security of Ukraine. Therefore, the development of theoretical and methodological issues that provide a comprehensive approach to solving the problems of forming an effective state investment security policy is a well-founded necessity.

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА ЕКОНОМІКА: МОЖЛИВОСТІ ТА ЗАГРОЗИ В РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ІНТЕРЕСІВ

The article examines opportunities and threats in the realization of national interests in the conditions of the development of the information economy. Expert assessments of global technological risks, were considered, including: adverse consequences of technological progress for individuals, enterprises, ecosystems; digital inequality; digital concentration of power; ineffectiveness of cyber security measures; non-compliance with management technology; destruction of critical information infrastructure. It is noted that the given global risks form systemic needs that determine the main trends of change in modern society. It has been proven that the rapid transformations caused by informatization will change economic systems, new tools for coordinating economic interests will appear, which will lose the role of restraining counterbalances, which provokes imbalances and contradictions at all levels of socio-economic relations. A number of factors are outlined, which in their aggregate manifestation affect the balance of agreed economic interests at any level of the system of socio-economic relations. Among such factors, the following are defined: the uncertainty of the limits of intervention in the spheres of interests of the state, business and society; lack of timely methodical support of informatization processes; different vision of information economy development in each country; a change in the role of a person as a subject of economic activity as a result of the virtualization of the economic environment; the participation of the state in the processes of coordination of economic interests is based on the "right of the strong" and encourages each country to use economic institutions and tools to promote its own interests, provoking conflicts and new challenges on the world stage. It has been proven that new realities require a review of the limits of the protection of national economic interests in the conditions of the formation of new rules of the game and norms of the information economy in order to ensure the security component of the country's development. It is noted that such actions should be carried out within the framework of the formation of the regulatory environment of the information economy, which is a complex process that requires balancing the economic interests of key subjects in the paradigm of "state-population-business" relations and their subordination to national interests.

Противоречия и конфликты в многосторонней торговой системе

Although the Doha Round is prominent for its Development Agenda that pays special attention to the needs of developing countries, it is the contradictions between this group of countries and the developed ones that brought the multilateral negotiations to the deadlock. The stagnation of the Doha Round made protectionism an easy choice for too many. Protectionist response to external shocks becomes especially damaging to the multilateral trading system when WTO basic rules are ignored, which is just the case of the US trade policy. A really hard issue was posed in front of the WTO by Washington with the suspension of the work of the Appellate Body and subsequent paralysis of the Dispute Settlement, one of the pillars of the multilateral trading system. The significance of this case goes beyond the multilateral trading system because the experience of the WTO in this field is extremely important for the emerging system of global governance. Since the creation of the WTO the world economy has undergone great changes and major challenges arose that are still to be attended by the multilateral trading system. Moreover, some existing WTO provisions are to be clarified in order to eliminate uncertainty and double interpretation that allow countries to resort to discriminatory practices with impunity. The resumption of the full operation of the multilateral trading system is hardly possible without a review of the decision-making procedure based now on the consensus and single undertaking rules. Changing the decision-making process is a fundamental problem in the multilateral trading system. Plurilateral agreements do not eliminate it but allow the countries concerned to meet challenges that are most important to them. The resolution the 12th ministerial conference is critically important: it sets to summarize proposals for reforming the WTO and prepare a draft decision on their basis by the next conference which is scheduled for February 2024. Taking into account that the divergence of national economic interests will persist indefinitely long, it can be assumed that the process of reforming the WTO will encounter considerable difficulties and will also take long period of time. Overcoming the stagnation of the multilateral trading system will remove an important obstacle that prevents the globalization from entering its next, integration stage, distinctive for the formation of the global governance system. The WTO is not the only, although very important, element of this system, the further development of which will require a close interaction between the main international organizations.

СИСТЕМА ИНДИКАТОРОВ И МОНИТОРИНГ ЗЕЛЕНЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНА

The high degree of uncertainty of market conditions, sanctions pressure and the high need for accelerated import substitution of high-tech products requires government authorities to develop solutions aimed at sustainable development of regions in the long term, taking into account national economic interests. It is impossible to ensure sustainable development without creating and regulating a system of state priorities. The consistency of the goals and actions of state governing bodies will allow us to enter a qualitatively new stage of development, preserving national identity. The key tasks facing the domestic economy during the transition to a new technological order are to increase the competitiveness of products, increase the share of high-tech goods and services in gross output, import substitution in all sectors of the economy. The national policy aimed at the implementation of the above-mentioned tasks requires large-scale investments in all areas of production, in increasing innovation activity and professionalism of personnel. For regions acting as independent economic entities, it is particularly relevant to build up innovation potential, attract investment in the process of capitalization of assets, growth of fixed capital, which become indicators of the attractiveness of the region for potential investors. The sustainable development of individual regions, taking into account their industry specifics, territorial features, the state of material, financial, production and human resources, requires detailed approaches to assessing the factors influencing the formation and use of innovative potential. Innovative potential becomes the foundation of sustainable development in conditions of high environmental volatility and a shortage of investment and financial resources caused by geopolitical crises and transformational processes in the global economy. The need to assess the innovative potential of the region as an economic system is due to the requirements of substantiating managerial decisions aimed at its socio-economic development. The result of investment activity is an increase in the economic and social indicators of the region, which is why it is important to comprehensively and comprehensively study the constituent elements of innovation potential, which will create prerequisites for sustainable development of not only regional, but also national policy. In the conditions of technological transition, innovative projects focused on environmental friendliness and reducing the negative impact on nature deserve special attention – green projects, the success of which requires control.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ И СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ВИДЕНИЕ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПОДХОДОВ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

The article examines the approaches of regional economic policy, analyzes theoretical views, as a result of which three stages of the evolution of the term are identified, which showed that regional economic policy should be considered in the logic of the periodization of generations and waves of development of economic spaces. It is noted that the term “regional economic policy” does not exist in the conceptual legislative system today. Scientists, in turn, have developed many definitions, but a generally accepted definition of this concept has not yet been developed. Regional economic policy is an integral part of national economic policy. As a rule, it is directed to any territory of the state, and this territory may not coincide with the territory of an administrative-territorial entity. A comparative assessment of theoretical approaches is given, as a result of which the dominant imperatives of the concept of “regional economic policy” are revealed. It is emphasized that regional economic policy is often mixed together with the policy of specific regions. The substitution of regional economic policy by the policy of the regions leads to the fact that the interests of the administrative- territorial subjects of the state become equivalent to the national economic interests of a particular region. It is concluded that the theoretical basis proposed in the article will make it possible to form a modern vision of regional economic policy.

The Mysteries of Legal Influence on Processes in the World Around

The article is devoted to the analysis of regulation and management as mechanisms of cognition. The problematic aspects of decision-making related to the underestimation of the increased role of interaction of traditional legal regulators with the norms of ethics, morality, religion and technological standards, the complex dynamics of social structures, the correlation of decisions at different levels of government are revealed. The evolutionary theories of development and the method of extrapolation in law are critically comprehended. The influence of political factors on the regulation of social processes is indicated. Special attention is paid to the analysis of international legal decisions, their specificity at the present stage of history is shown, and in particular, the phenomenon of regionalization of the procedure for making and implementing international decisions under the pressure of national economic interests of individual countries is considered. The importance of legal science for overcoming these problems is emphasized and the corresponding vectors of the development of legal thought are formulated. As an independent direction for the development of balanced decisions and targeted legal impact, legal forecasting is considered, which makes it possible to strengthen variable thinking, select regulatory options, assessing their consequences. As an integral part of it, it is proposed to develop such a scientific direction as riskology, which is close in essence to legal conflictology. The problems of decision-making and the effectiveness of legal influence are revealed using the characteristics of a legal person, which assumes, firstly, a correct understanding of the role of law in the state and society, secondly, his justified legitimate decisions and actions, and thirdly, an objective legal assessment of his actions and their consequences. The importance of continuing to develop the subject of legal awareness is shown. The integrated approach proposed by the author will allow us to build a sequence of possible actions and avoid functional errors that reduce the potential of legal decisions.

Kenya’s Foreign Policy: Implementation Strategies in Economic Diplomacy Towards the East African Community

Economic diplomacy has in recent times become a vital component of many state’s foreign policies. This paper examines the economic diplomacy implementation strategies Kenya has used towards the EAC. The study employed sequential mixed method design for the research with interviews and questionnaires for data collection complemented by secondary sources. This study found that the pursuit of economic interests is fundamental to the economic progress of states in a globalized international economic system. Kenya has made economic diplomacy a core pillar since 2014. Kenya’s foreign policy has a pragmatic approach towards pursuit of national economic interests since 1963. This pursues a framework of pursuing robust relations with East African Community (EAC) neighbours. The region has a long history of fostering economic cooperation right from the time of the then East African Cooperation up to date. This is foundational to enhancing economic advancement in the region to overcome global economic developments occasioned by globalization and the related complex interdependencies among states. This has seen EAC states move towards deepened regional integration efforts. It also finds state visits followed by Kenyan diplomatic missions to be the most preferred strategies towards economic diplomacy. The paper makes two recommendations: the need for mechanism on collection and dissemination of information on economic diplomacy strategies by Kenya’s missions in the region; and, the need to adopt modalities on engagement of non-state actors in implementing economic diplomacy strategies.

Izazovi ekonomske diplomatije na početku XXI veka - pojam, podela i značaj

At the beginning of the XXI century, we are witnessing great changes, caused by crises, conflicts in the world, and epidemics that change our way of life and work. In recent years, digitalization has progressed so much that it has affected the organization of work and contributed to the way many companies operate differently. Rightfully so, people begin to wonder if they can continue to manage their lives or if they will be forced to surrender to the waves of circumstances created "outside". In this context, there was a change in economic diplomacy, which also faced challenges that affected it so its role and its importance increased. As geoeconomics separated from geostrategy, economic diplomacy gained more importance. Today, international economic policy and economic diplomacy have become as important as the classical issues of peace, security, and general prosperity. Economic diplomacy takes place at all levels, at which classical diplomacy also takes place, but it deals exclusively with economic topics, related to competitiveness, profitability, supply of raw materials, and energy. The author starts from the assumption that there have been major changes in international economic relations in the last decade and that they have significantly influenced the importance and improvement of economic diplomacy. The method of description and analysis was used in the work, and the scientific contribution is reflected in the area of strengthening the economic national identity of a country in international economic relations. Furthermore, the obtained conclusions can serve Serbia for better positioning in terms of international concreteness, but also for the advancement of national economic interests. The aim of this paper is to highlight the emerging challenges in economic diplomacy during the last thirty years. Economic diplomacy became an important tool in international business relations, promoting national companies, products, and services, but also many other forms of economic cooperation in the XXI century.

Implementation of the customs policy of Ukraine amid improvement of its regulatory and legal support

Implementation of the customs policy of Ukraine amid improvement of its regulatory and legal support

PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF THE FORMATION OF THE INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOOD SUPPLY OF UKRAINE

Introduction. The institutional environment and the economic basis form a complex institutional and economic mechanism for regulating the agro-food market, which includes the following mechanisms: the development of tools for regulating the supply and demand of agricultural products and food, interregional trade, regulation of the agrarian sphere, which allows for the formation of a strategic approach in the development of the agro-food market. The institutional and economic mechanism of liberalization and regulation of trade in agricultural goods allows determining the ways and methods of achieving the goals of the state's agro-food policy, which do not contradict the requirements of the WTO multilateral trade system and take into account national economic interests. Methods. In the process of conducting the research, general scientific and special methods of economic research were used, in particular: systematic approach, comparative, dialectical and abstract-logical. The results. Directions for improving the institutional structure of the agri-food market based on the development of legal regulation of the functioning of self-regulatory organizations are proposed, which will ensure the formation of optimal economic relations between subjects and the balancing of the interests of the state and agribusiness, as well as contribute to the effectiveness of its regulation tools. Discussion. Taking into account the evidence of the leading countries of the world, the role of self-governing organizations in the development of the national strategy for the development of the agrarian sector of Ukraine and the formation of regional comprehensive programs for the development of rural areas needs further research. In addition, in the current difficult economic conditions caused by Russia's aggression against our state, the role of professional associations in overcoming crisis phenomena in the activities of farms in the corporate sector of the agrarian economy requires consideration. Keywords: institutional environment, self-governing organizations, agrarian chamber, agrarian sector, food security.