National Economic Interests Research Articles

On the (geo)political salience of geographical imaginations: a central European perspective

ABSTRACT This article introduces a Research Colloquium that investigates relationships between the production of Central European geopolitical imaginaries and processes of European integration. Specifically, we interrogate the ways in which Central European geopolitical imaginaries have involved the recasting of old and the emergence of new framings of regional identities, regional cooperation and geopolitical orientations. Our specific focus on Hungary is not coincidental; since 2010 the Hungarian government has pursued a strident and rather noisy ”geopoliticization” of its relations with the EU, its Central European neighbors and beyond. Together with Poland, Hungary has been an active producer of scenarios of national and European destiny according to conservative and often reactionary notions of identity and illiberal values. Contextual background explaining the rise of EU-skeptic imaginations of national purpose is provided and suggests that economic disparities as well as unresolved national tensions between liberalism and conservatism have been major drivers. As we will argue, stubborn reliance on fixed geopolitical ideas as a source of influence and power can lead to rigid commitments to identity politics that can both thwart more effective regional cooperation and harm national economic and political interests.

Impact of digitalization on the protection and implementation of the national economic interests

The purpose of this article is to study the impact of digitization on the economic system, as well as the protection and implementation of national economic interests. To achieve this goal, scientific and special methods such as analysis and synthesis were used; this methodology also allowed to understand the essence and distinguish the approaches to the concept of digitization, generalization and systematization, which made it possible to clarify the main objectives of digitization, its benefits and risks. The challenges and opportunities of digitization are identified, as well as the main problems hindering its development in the context of protection and realization of economic interests in Ukraine. It is noted that the solution of these problems will lead to significant momentum in the development of digitization. It is concluded that, among the main benefits of digitization is the generation of Internet platforms for the transmission of cutting-edge information and knowledge.

Legal tools of security of the financial sector of Ukraine

The structure of crimes in the financial and economic sphere is analyzed by means of the dialectical method. Based on the analysis of the latest legislative and theoretical achievements, applied to the issues of legal regulation of the studied financial and legal relations, scientific approaches are substantiated and proposals for improvement of regulations in this area are developed. In particular, economic security is viewed through the prism of the state's potential to ensure independent development, stability of civil society and its institutions, sufficient defense potential and its ability to protect national economic interests from internal and external threats. It is proposed to supplement Article 1 of the Law of Ukraine "On National Security of Ukraine" with the term "economic security" as a state of the national economy providing resilience to threats (exogenous and endogenous), ensuring a high level of competitiveness in the global economic space, to strengthen the comprehensive development. In the conclusions of the case, the convenience of implementing macroprudential tools as one of the dominant primary sources of information for risk assessment activities in the policies of the Directorate of Economic Security is supported.

Harmonization of Agricultural Policy and Economic Security of the EU States

: In the context of social-economic transformations and globalization of the international economy, the importance of the agricultural sector of the economy is increasing, the efficiency of which ensures the growth of the level of economic security. Harmonization of effective agricultural policy and economic security involves the protection of national economic interests, sustainable economic growth and modernization of the economy on the basis of agricultural sector development as a tool for economic security, and structural transformation of agricultural policy as part of agricultural security. The purpose of the research lies in substantiating the theoretical and applied principles for the formation and implementation of agricultural policy and assessing its harmonization with the economic security of the European Union. In the course of the research, the following methods have been used, namely: methods of economic analysis and synthesis; comparisons and analogies; generalization and systematization; grouping and cluster analysis. Regarding the results of the research, it has been established that the growth of the level of economic security of the European Union depends on the effectiveness of agricultural policy. Studying the peculiarities of the harmonization of agricultural policy and economic security in the countries of the European Union makes it possible to identify three groups of countries that have common features and trends in the indicators being analysed, namely: countries with a high level of economic security and moderate funding for agricultural policy (Germany (IIES: 0,593; FV: 6279967 thousand EUR), Denmark (IIES: 0,723; FV: 977871 thousand EUR), Ireland (IIES: 0,666; FV: 1573102 thousand EUR), Luxembourg (IIES: 0,607; FV: 47909 thousand EUR), the Netherlands (IIES: 0.702; FV: 836749 thousand EUR), Finland (IIES: 0,675; FV: 874699 thousand EUR) and Sweden (IIES: 0,673; FV: 948511 thousand EUR), which effectively implement public economic policy and support the development of the agricultural sector at a high level; countries with a sufficiently high level of economic security and stable development of the agricultural sector (Spain (IIES: 0.518; FV: 6908343 thousand EUR), France (IIES: 0,490; FV: 9448114 thousand EUR), Belgium (IIES: 0,544; FV: 645317 thousand EUR), the Czech Republic (IIES: 0,507; FV: 1193984 thousand EUR), Estonia (IIES: 0,418; FV: 273189 thousand EUR), Malta (IIES: 0,457; FV: 19320 thousand EUR), Austria (IIES: 0,552; FV: 1281161 thousand EUR) and Portugal (IIES: 0,5694; FV: 1370581 thousand EUR), financing of agricultural policy of which occurs in accordance with the needs of economic entities and is aimed mainly at introducing innovations; countries with a low level of economic security, characterized by structural changes in the development of the agricultural sector (Italy, Greece, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia, Slovakia).

From classical political economy to “Indian Economics”: a case of contestation and adaptation in universities in colonial India

PurposeBy the mid-19th century the British colonial state introduced liberal education to India. Amongst various disciplines, political economy illustrates the concerns of the colonial state with the education of Indians, and its anxiety with quelling political discontentment. The emerging Indian nationalist intelligentsia also utilized ideas from classical political economy, first taught in educational institutions, to critique colonial policy and proposed the development of “Indian Economics”, suited to national economic interests. This paper explores the development of political economy as a specific knowledge form in Calcutta University and Bombay University, and its connection with colonial educational policy.Design/methodology/approachThis study relies primarily on university records and the proceedings of the Education Department to bring out the politically sensitive nature of the teaching of economics in colonial India.FindingsThe study finds that political economy grew from being a minor part of the overall university syllabi to becoming part of the first university departments created in early-20th-century India. The government and nationalist forces both found the discipline to be relevant to their respective agendas. The circulation of knowledge theoretical framework is found to be relevant here.Originality/valueThe history of political economy in Indian universities, especially during the 19th century, has not been dealt with in any detail. This study tries to fill this gap. The close connection between politics and the teaching of economics has also not been studied closely, which this paper does.

Economic intelligence and counter-intelligence in ensuring national economic interests: Theoretical and applied aspect

The realities of today testify to the urgency of the development of modern theories of intelligence and counterintelligence activities, in particular in the aspect of ensuring national economic interests. The above confirms the relevance of studying the theoretical and applied principles of economic intelligence and counterintelligence. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to analyze the role of economic intelligence and counterintelligence in ensuring national economic interests through the prism of the theoretical and legal aspect. To achieve the goal, a system of general scientific and special research methods was used, in particular, dialectical, system-structural, and system analysis methods. The study for the first time formulated the definition of the concept of economic intelligence with a view to a macro-level activity approach – this type of it can not only contain the collection of information from open sources, but also be implemented by creating an agent network, corrupting officials or representatives of top management, stealing technological documentation, using false companies, cyber-attack organizations. The results of the research made it possible to distinguish the functioning models of economic intelligence: systematic, purposeful acquisition of information of a strategic nature; ensuring national economic interests through constant monitoring of strategic sectors of the economy of individual countries; conducting active influence measures by national special services. The conclusions presented in the article can be useful for security sector practitioners

Comparative Statistical Assessment of Innovation Activity of the Industrial Sector of the Economy of Ukraine (Regional Context)

Innovation largely determines the dynamics of gross value added, profit, productivity, and hence the level of wages. Accordingly, intensive innovation of industrial enterprises is one of the most important prerequisites for effective socio-economic development of the country. The aim of the article is to determine the trends of innovation activity of the industrial sector of the economy of the regions of Ukraine on the basis of comparative statistical evaluation. According to the results of the analysis, the share of innovative products in the volume of sold industrial products in Ukraine is the lowest among European countries, in particular in 2020 it was 1.9% (compared to 3.3% in 2013), while in Poland the value this figure was over 9%, and in Germany – 18%. The low level of innovation in industrial products in Ukraine is a direct consequence of the relatively low cost of innovation (0.47 billion euros in 2020 against 4.58 billion euros in Poland and 133.2 billion euros in Germany), the volume of which during 2012–2020 decreased by more than 70%. It is analytically proved that the innovation activity of the industrial sector of Ukraine's economy in the regional context is extremely uneven. In particular, the undisputed leader (with a significant gap from other regions) in terms of sales of innovative products in the domestic and foreign markets, as well as in terms of spending on innovation was Donetsk region, while the largest number of innovative enterprises was Kharkiv region. It is revealed that in general the high export orientation of innovative products of domestic industry is provided by medium-low-tech industries (metallurgy; production of rubber and plastic products; repair and installation of machinery and equipment). In contrast, Ukraine has a high import dependence in the segments of intermediate and final consumption of high- and medium-high-tech products, including machine-building, textile, chemical and pharmaceutical. This indicates the existence of systemic problems related to the influence of a number of macroeconomic factors (especially the situation in certain markets) and a weak system of government incentives and regulation of innovation and protection of national economic interests.

СУЧАСНИЙ РОЗВИТОК МІЖНАРОДНИХ ВІДНОСИН В КОНТЕКСТІ СТРАТЕГІЙ КРАЇН G20

The world community is currently facing economic, environmental and social problems that are interconnected at the global level, problems that no country will be able to cope on its own. Therefore, it is time for the G20 Member States to adopt a shared vision that will enable the world's population to achieve an economically prosperous, environmentally sustainable, socially inclusive future, resilient to unforeseen shocks. This highlights the importance that the G20 attaches to current global issues affecting people's lives around the world. The G20 was created as a structure that can respond flexibly to global challenges. Unlike other international platforms, it does not have a rigidly defined, narrow scope of authority. It also does not have a secretariat with clearly defined bodies. The number of member states is quite small, which allows for collective governance. This prompted us to examine the evolution of the G20 agenda over the last 10 years in terms of the scope and depth of issues covered, priority sectors, tailor-made mechanisms and packages, and, above all, the impact of development.Based on the analysis of economic distancing by different parameters of countries and regions, the global problem of uneven development of human potential and income due to different state of economic systems, resources and technologies, economic policy management and efficiency of investment in technological and innovative development. The systematization of modern economic and political associations indicates the combined efforts of states and regions to solve common environmental, economic, social, cultural, technical problems despite the different levels of economic development and resources, as well as to pursue different national economic interests. However, only the consolidation of efforts makes it possible to determine the potential for solving common global problems of states. These proposals and vectors of development of the G20 countries will improve the positive impact on the world economic system in order to balance global economic development, address poverty, hunger, environmental crises, technological gaps.

Transformation of Ukraine’s trade relations in the Middle East and Africa

Introduction. On February 24, 2022, the terri­tory of Ukraine was attacked by the Russian Federation, and for the fourth month the country’s economy has been under the destructive influence of this aggression. Problem. At the stage of post-war reconst­ruction, which begins in various regions of Ukraine as soon as active hostilities cease, it will be important to restore the stable functioning of Ukrainian industries and return to international markets of major domestic exporters. Increasing the effectiveness of foreign trade is one of the main sources of financial resources to fill the budgets of different levels. The aim of the article is to identify the changes in Ukraine’s trade cooperation with the states of the Middle East and Africa in the post-war reconstruction. Methods. A set of complementary methods of scientific identification of economic processes and phenomena is applied: system-structural, comparative and statistical analysis, as well as process, infor­mation and institutional approaches. Results. The conditions and factors of development of each of the countries of the Middle East and North Africa lead to the formation of its own trajectory of trade ties with Ukraine. In order to determine the prospects and strategic priorities in the formation of relations with these countries, a comparative analysis of trade coo­peration with each of them. The calculated indicators demonstrate the importance of the region's markets as strategic, their loss may have a negative impact on Ukraine’s balance of payments, especially in martial law and further post-war reconstruction. Conclusions. Solutions that can ensure the rapid recovery of Ukraine should combine existing support instruments, as well as the process of forming a comprehensive long-term approach to the planning and implementation of national economic interests.

UKRAINIAN POST-WAR MIRACLE: FROM PLAN TO IMPLEMENTATION

The article is devoted to the study of the experience of post-war reconstruction of Germany, South Korea, Israel, Spain, Italy, Japan in order to analytically select the most convenient tools for post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Relevance of the problem. This is a great chance to turn to the development strategy of Ukraine. A mercy in your cherga will be brought to the point of arousal of the most important partners, to the fall of the spirit of the all-red, that, yak naslidok, to total stagnation. In addition, the relevance of this article is based on the idea that security, security strategy, and then other issues of state building and development should be primary. The economic sector must answer the question: what strategy of rebuilding Ukraine meets the national economic security interests? What is more important for Ukraine: restoration, reconstruction or reconstruction? What subjective new role should Ukraine begin to develop: niche, blockless, boutique economy or world deep specialization and integration? What competitive advantages should Ukraine increase and what gaps should be closed independently or in cooperation with the world? Mankind, unfortunately, has accumulated some experience of post-war development. Some countries, like North Korea, have done this very effectively, but not quickly and not on the first attempt. Some, like Germany, have discovered the “German economic postwar miracle” to the world, although it has lost for a time subjectivity in many areas in favor of the United States. Some countries, such as Israel and Japan, have also created an “economic miracle”, each country in its own way, but with unconditional help from the United States. The task for searching is to study and select the best experience and tools for restoring the state of Ukraine based on the experience of different countries that have passed this path. Research methods. The methodological and informational basis of the work are scientific works, materials of periodicals, Internet resources, normative legal acts.При проведенні дослідження використано методи структурно-логічного аналізу, порівняння та узагальнення. Own survey among 100 people of different professions, aged from 20 to 70 and balanced gender representation. The novelty lies in the very relevance of the study: after all, only martial law requires doing research and looking for a solution for the postwar period. The conclusions presented by this study cannot be over-innovative, but must be conservative, balanced and justified. Practical significance 10 deterministic conclusions-proposals that can be used by Ukraine in the post-war period are proposed.

The post-politicization of rental housing financialization: News media, elite storytelling and Australia's new build to rent market

This article explores how a technocratic consensus was constructed around the emergence of build to rent housing (BTR) in Australia which helped depoliticize this new wave of rental housing financialization. It argues that (digital) news media—an age-old medium for elite storytelling—operates as a key discursive technology of financialized capitalism through which this consensus is ‘policed’. Specifically, reporting scripted the rise of institutional investors into Australia's rental sector in ways that disavowed properly political disagreements vis-à-vis BTR. Its analysis is informed by post-political theories, which converge around a shared concern with how political disagreement is disavowed and replaced with technocratic governance, consensus and a privileging of certain orders of subjects. Post-foundational thinker Jacques Rancière's thinking on aesthetic regimes assists in exploring this consensus and its limits by foregrounding how regimes of representation delineate what can be said and argued (and different agents' authority to speak). This Rancièrian aesthetic analysis identifies that news media restricts the coordinates of public debate through: (1) technical storylines that guide public audiences to understand and evaluate BTR foremost as an asset class whose expansion is a matter of national economic interest; (2) strategic silences that obscure associated complexities and tensions surrounding BTR's dual function as an asset class and as housing; and (3) endorsement of BTR industry actors as ‘experts’ with authority to make BTR thinkable in this way. The aesthetic regime that circumscribes Australian public BTR debate represents a post-political strategy that assists in non-trivial ways to re-inscribe the financializing project in Australia, albeit with limits.

NATIONAL ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF INNOVATIVE AND INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CONDITIONS OF INFORMATION ECONOMY

The article is devoted to topical issues of formation of national economic interests in the format of intensification of innovation and integration development of entrepreneurship in the information economy. The key vectors of formation and realization of national economic interests on business development in the information economy are considered, among which: the first vector of formation and realization of national economic interest is based on complex modernization and innovative integration development of key sectors of economy. technologies and new generation technologies; the second vector is the transition from the paradigm of "closed" to "open innovation", which will intensify the process of innovation and integration development of entrepreneurship; the third vector - the formation of an effective national business environment; the fourth vector is the acceleration of the digitalization process as a means of transforming the national economy. It is recommended to recognize the construction and financial spheres of the country's economy as a strategic priority for the development of integration processes. It is noted that economic and innovation-oriented national interests do not have their own definition and consolidation as real tools of influencing changes in the business environment, intensifying the transition from a mobilization economy to its innovation-cluster economy model in terms of information progress. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the innovation environment and take into account such results in the development of integration processes of entrepreneurial activity, which will effectively attract a set of such potentials as: scientific, technological, human, financial and economic, informational, infrastructural and production-technological. formation and implementation of innovative ideas. The triggers for the development of innovative and integrated entrepreneurship in the context of the realization of national economic interests, including innovation, information and business environment, are outlined.

Health Equity: What the Neuroradiologist Needs to Know.

Health equity means that everyone has the opportunity to be as healthy as possible, but achieving health equity requires the removal of obstacles to health such as poverty, discrimination, unsafe environments, and lack of access to health care. The pandemic has highlighted the awareness and urgency of delivering patient-centered, high-value care. Disparities in care are antithetical to health equity and have been seen throughout medicine and radiology, including neuroradiology. Health disparities result in low value and costly care that is in conflict with evidence-based medicine, quality standards, and best practices. Although the subject of health equity is often framed as a moral or social justice issue, there are compelling economic arguments that also favor health equity. Not only can waste in health care expenditures be countered but more resources can be devoted to high-value care and other vital national economic interests, including sustainable support for our health system and health providers. There are many opportunities for neuroradiologists to engage in the advancement of health equity, while also advancing the interests of the profession and patient-centered high-value care. Although there is no universal consensus on a definition of health equity, a recent report seeking clarity on the lexicon offered the following conceptual framework: "Health equity means that everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible. This requires removing obstacles to health such as poverty, discrimination, and their consequences, including powerlessness and lack of access to good jobs with fair pay, quality education and housing, safe environments, and health care."1 This definition contrasts with that of health disparities that contribute to inequitable care as a result of demographic differences among populations such as those attributable to race, sex, access, residence, socioeconomic status, insurance status, age, religion, and disability.2,3 In effect, the greater the health disparities and negative social determinants of health, the greater the health inequities will be.

АНАЛІЗ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ІНТЕРЕСІВ В УМОВАХ РОЗВИТКУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of transformations of national economic interests in the conditions of the development of the information economy. It was noted that the category "information economy" has a broader content than «digital economy». It has been proven that the trigger for the development of the information economy is: innovative digital technologies, information and the latest knowledge. Therefore, according to the author, the information economy is based on the digital economy and has a convergent relationship with the innovation and knowledge economy. The transformation of changes in national economic interests in the conditions of the transition from an industrial economy to an information economy is studied. It was noted that the key national interest in the period of the development of the industrial economy is centered around scientific and technological progress and material production, and in the period of the formation of the information economy - around the increase in data flows, the emergence of new knowledge, access to information technologies, which forms the latest vision of the development of society. Conflicts of national economic interests are outlined as a manifestation of unresolved problems in the development of the information economy. It is noted that the development of the information economy creates new economic, social and cultural value, the transformation of economic interests takes place within the framework of the level organization of the system of economic relations, and as a result, the newest model of society - the information society - is being formed. An analysis of the Western and Eastern models of the development of the information society was carried out, the results of which determined the confrontation between the West and the East in defending their national interests in the conditions of an irreversible and active process of information transformations and the formation of a new world map in the synergistic manifestation of the phenomena of the third, fourth and fifth industrial revolutions. An analysis of the practice of the Ukrainian model of information society development, which is at the initial stage of its formation, has been carried out.

Improving customs administration in accordance with the EAEU Development Strategy until 2025

The article presents the results of the analysis of the process of economic cooperation of the EAEU member countries until 2025 in terms of improving the customs policy. Despite the constantly reaffirmed political will of the heads of state, the implementation of strategic cooperation is not proceeding fast enough, and the deadlines for a number of activities have already been violated. In this regard, the subject of the article is the study of the causes of such difficulties, which in the long term have a serious negative impact on the processes of integration of the economies of the EAEU member countries. The purpose of the study is to identify and level the most objective reasons for such difficulties in terms of the customs policy of the EAEU member countries. Demonstrates and reveals the range of methodological tasks set for the expansion of interstate economic cooperation in terms of customs processes. The analysis of the implementation of measures in the direction of customs administration is carried out, and the impact of such measures on the development of the EAEU as a whole is assessed. It is obvious that the efforts of the EAEU member states, especially in modern conditions, are aimed primarily at protecting their national economic interests. However, strategically, all members of the EAEU should benefit from the development of multilateral cooperation. Based on the comparative analysis, the author proposes tools for accelerating and improving the efficiency of the implementation of integration in the field of customs administration. A number of proposals have been formulated regarding the format, timing of submission and content of these events. The issues of linking the legislative requirements of the EAEU member countries in terms of customs administration are considered. The results of the study showed that effective integration economic processes are impossible without their proper regulatory support, including in terms of customs administration.

Національна безпека України: економічний вимір

The article reveals the essential characteristics of economic security, its components, role and features. The vision of national security of Ukraine as a set of interconnected components allows to put on the agenda its economic dimension as one of the main among others: military, energy, information, consolidating – political. The evolution of organizational and legal bases and institutions of public administration created to ensure economic security in the face of threats and their counteraction in independent Ukraine is traced, the effectiveness of their activities is assessed, the weaknesses of Ukraine’s economic system . The interdependence and coherence of Ukraine’s economic security and national economic interests and their direct impact not only on the economic but also on the political sovereignty of our state have been proved. It is argued that understanding the essence of the state’s economic security as a means of protecting one’s own interests, political elite and the slow growth of the economic culture of ordinary citizens are threats to Ukraine’s economic security. Emphasis is placed on the need to complete the reforms, in particular, strengthen the protection of private property, change the law enforcement system and carry out urgent reforms and measures – large-scale privatization, corporate governance of state enterprises, overcoming low economic literacy, economic deregulation, innovative modernization, institutions, further economization of foreign policy to expand the geography and increase the capacity of Ukrainian exports, increase the efficiency of economic diplomacy. It is emphasized that the protection of the state lacks not so much a professional assessment of the economic dimension of national security and the declaration of reforms, as patriots-reformers and their support and understanding of society.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНІСТЬ ГЕОЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ В КОНТЕКСТІ ІСНУЮЧИХ ТА ПОТЕЦІЙНИХ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ПРОЕКТІВ

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of a complex contradictory postglobal world, where traditional centers of power are losing their own potential, and new ones are only undergoing formation, acquiring, with the exception of the Chinese and Islamic projects, only regional significance so far. In this context, it has been determined that the key driving factor for the destruction of the global environment is the accumulated contradictions pushing the institutionalized participants to conflicts and clashes. It is noted that the latter will not have the character of traditional wars, because their main goals contradict modern pragmatism and practicality in the process of realization of national economic interests in the global burden. It is shown that the only option for the states, which do not have, do not want or cannot create their own regional or global centers of influence, is deglobalization with the concentration of efforts on supporting the domestic economic complex and implementation of the self-sufficiency strategy, which guarantees the preservation of economic sovereignty and the possibility of a relatively stable existence in the long run. The article shows that in this regard it is necessary to provide maximum support to the national corporate sector, eliminate participation in dubious and costly global collective projects, increase funding for innovation-oriented sectors of the economy and to organize an effective vertical of power and governance. At the same time, it is stated that those economic centers that are able to ensure regional influence (Brazil, India, Turkey, Iran) today, due to their involvement in the implementation of such projects, feel significant difficulties and economic problems. This is due to the need to bear the economic and political costs of expansionism and to guarantee stability and influence in the region. The article stresses the necessity to reorient key state strategies in favor of self elaborated design of national economic complexes and resource findings, making the transition to the deglobalization costful and risky.

АНАЛІЗ ВПЛИВУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ АСИМЕТРІЇ НА ПРОЦЕС РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ІНТЕРЕСІВ

The article notes that information asymmetry is provoked by the unevenness of digital processes, which affects the country's competitive position on the world stage. The author examines Ukraine's position in the ranking of countries by indicators of global digital competitiveness, which demonstrate the manifestations of information asymmetry and polarize the world into leaders and outsiders in terms of the level of development of the information society. The author's vision of the factors that provoke information asymmetry is outlined, which, in the process of their corrective management influence and solving problematic aspects, form a vision of the vector of the national economy, the priority of concepts and targeted measures of the information economy. The information asymmetry by areas and nature of influence on the process of realization of national economic interests is studied. It is proved that within the same sphere of information asymmetry several processes with different vectors can function. The author outlines the conflicts of interest provoked by information asymmetry in the system of level organization of economic relations, since it prevents the effective redistribution of wealth produced by the latest knowledge and modern innovative and information technologies from more successful countries, industries, productions, and spheres of activity to less progressive ones. It is noted that the unresolved conflict situations in the multilevel structure of economic relations contribute to the deepening of negative manifestations of information asymmetry. Management measures to eliminate the negative manifestations of information asymmetry in the perspective of achieving key national interests are outlined. It is proved that the phenomenon of information asymmetry is manifested in: determining its essence and economic content; dualistic manifestation of influence on the process of realization of national interests in the system of economic relations; causal movement of information asymmetry; in the legislative consolidation of information asymmetry, which is manifested in the restriction of access to information in the areas related to state and commercial secrets.

ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЦЕССОВ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ГОСУДАРСТВА И СУВЕРЕНИТЕТА СТРАНЫ

For Russia, whose goal is to ensure the protection of national economic interests and the formation of new international relations in the face of sanctions pressure, the issue of institutionally formed, both external and internal aspects of national security is the most important for ensuring national sovereignty. The article states that over the past thirty years, Russia has lost part of its sovereignty in the economic sphere, which negatively affected the state of its economic security. The situation in the sphere of economic security has aggravated under the conditions of sanctions, in connection with which today the country faces the task of institutional support for economic reforms. The author presents the main directions of reforming the Russian economy, which should create conditions for its further development, to ensure a sufficient level of economic security and to protect national sovereignty.

OSNOVNI MEHANIZMI NACIONALNE EKONOMSKE POLITIKE U SLUŽBI PODSTICAJA KONKURENTNOSTI INDUSTRIJE ZEMALjA U RAZVOJU

At the present stage of the process of globalization, national economies cannot remain only passive observers of its movement, but must actively participate and become an equal subject in the market game. Regardless of its own, both innate and acquired defects, the market cannot be omitted from the process of globalization. Therefore, the role of national states must concentrate on creating a favorable macroeconomic environment for intensifying the growth of the domestic economy on one, apropos, to the strengthening of its foreign positions, on the other side. In this context, national states should retain their legislative, organizational and control powers, not with the aim of eliminating the market, but vice versa, to direct it in the desired directions. National states have small, or almost no, options for their choice. Establishing a global free market is a political project in the interest of the wealthy developed capitalist countries. The main conclusion of this study should be a mandatory task, especially for the small and undeveloped economies to develop its own strategy of economic and social development. The starting premises would be: the pace of economic growth, the degree of openness of the economy, the real possibility to engage in global processes, etc., and only then, the concept for their integration into the world economy can be built. The synthesis of the economic and social component can further conceive the strategy of liberalization, that is, competitiveness. At the same time, it could be possible to work on the formation of regional integration units for better protection of the national economic interests in general, or protecting domestic enterprises in competition with the TNC, in particular. Regional integration unities, as stronger than national ones, can more successfully fight for more equal treatment at the international level. Therefore, the process of globalization that is realized by linking special societies that are organized as states (most often national ones) should not be carried out by abolition, but by state cooperation. The abolition of national states would present a basis for destroying the culture of peoples and nations, erasing their traditions, and in that context limiting the possibility of expressing the special features and integrity of their citizens. The vision of the globalized world should seek a new balance of forces and influences that will be based on an open and fruitful dialogue and full respect for the dignity of others, or in other words respecting the cultural specifics of each nation.