Nanofluid Flow Past Research Articles

Unsteady Hydromagnetic Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow Past a Porous Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Variable Magnetic Field and Chemical Reaction

Unsteady Hydromagnetic Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow Past a Porous Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Variable Magnetic Field and Chemical Reaction

Dual Solutions of Unsteady Mixed Convection Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past a Vertical Riga Plate with Radiation Effect

A mathematical model for the unsteady, two-dimensional mixed convection stagnation point flow over a Riga plate is presented in this study. Convective boundary conditions, time-dependent derivatives, mixed convection, radiation effects, and the Grinberg term were all incorporated into the formulation of the governing equations and boundary conditions. By incorporating similarity transformations, ordinary differential (similarity) equations (ODEs) are derived from the partial differential equations (PDEs) of the flow model. The boundary value problem of the fourth-order accuracy code (bvp4c) was implemented in MATLAB (2017b, The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA. USA, 2017) to solve the mathematical model numerically. Due to the plate’s shrinking motion, two (dual) solutions are possible (first and second solutions). Based on the stability analysis, it was found that the first solution is stable and physically realizable in practice, while the second solution is not stable and not physically realizable in practice. It was found that the increase in the mixed convection parameter, modified Hartmann number, and unsteadiness parameter improved the hybrid nanofluid’s temperature profile. In addition, increasing the unsteadiness parameter decreased the velocity profile and the skin friction coefficient. Thus, the numerical results suggested that the augmentation of the modified Hartmann number, mixed convection parameter, and unsteadiness parameter can enhance the heat transfer performance in this flow model. This study offers valuable insight into fundamental transport phenomena such as the transmission of momentum, heat, or mass. Hence, it provides valuable information on the gradients of essential factors to control the boundary layer flow pattern.

Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Past a Vertical Cylinder in the Presence of MHD and Heat Generation

The basic objective of this work is to investigate the effects of Lorentz force and internal heat generation on the unsteady flow of a hybrid nanofluid and the heat transfer caused by a moving semi-infinite vertical cylinder. The governing partial differential equations are solved numerically using a robust implicit finite difference approach with proper boundary conditions. The current work is corroborated by existing literature on the subject of special situations of the problem. The effects of the magnetic parameter, the Grashof number, and the heat generation parameter on the Nusselt number, the skin friction coefficient, as well as the velocity and temperature fields, have been investigated and graphed. The results obtained can be applied to a variety of engineering devices, such as chemical reactors, heat exchangers, and solar collectors.

Role of Nanoparticles and Heat Source/Sink on MHD Flow of Cu-H2O Nanofluid Flow Past a Vertical Plate with Soret and Dufour Effects

The study is devoted to investigating the effect of an unsteady non-Newtonian Casson fluid over a vertical plate. A mathematical analysis is presented for a Casson fluid by taking into consideration Soret and Dufour effects, heat generation, heat radiation, and chemical reaction. The novelty of the problem is the physical interpretation of Casson fluid before and after adding copper water-based nanoparticles to the governing flow. It is found that velocity was decreased and the temperature profile was enhanced. A similarity transformation is used to convert the linked partial differential equations that control flow into non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations. The momentum, energy, and concentration formulations are cracked by means of the finite element method. The thermal and solute layer thickness growth is due to the nanoparticles’ thermo-diffusion. The effects of relevant parameters such as the Casson fluid parameter, radiation, Soret and Dufour effects, chemical reaction, and Prandtl number are discussed. A correlation of the average Nusselt number and Sherwood number corresponding to active parameters is presented. It can be noticed that increasing the Dufour number leads to an uplift in heat transfer. Fluid velocity increases with Grashof number and decreases with magnetic effect. The impact of heat sources and radiation is to increase the thermal conductivity. Concentration decreases with the Schmidt number.

Analysis of Mixed Convection on Two-Phase Nanofluid Flow Past a Vertical Plate in Brinkman-Extended Darcy Porous Medium with Nield Conditions

The rapid advancement in technology in recent years has shown that nanofluids are very vital to further development in science and technology. Moreover, many industrial specifications cannot be met by allowing natural convection only, hence the need to incorporate forced convection and natural convection into a single flow regime. The research aims to quantify the mixed convective two-phase flow past a vertical permeable surface in a Brinkman-Extended Darcy porous medium (BEDPM) induced by nanofluid, with heat and mass transfer. In addition, the Nield condition is also incorporated. The model of the problem was initially constructed in the vital form of leading governing equations (LGEs). These LGEs are specifically called partial differential equations (PDEs) (because of two or more independent variables) which were later converted into a set of the single independent variable of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by implementing the similarity transformations. The set of single independent ODEs was numerically solved via the boundary value problem of fourth-order (bvp4c) technique. The bvp4c is one of the most frequently recommended built-in MATLAB subroutines based on the three-stage Labatto formula. The impact of several physically embedded influential parameters on the fluid flow, along with mass and thermal properties of the nanofluid in a Brinkman-Extended Darcy porous medium for the cases of buoyancy assisting flow (BAF) and buoyancy opposing flow (BOF), were investigated and argued. The numerical outcomes clarify that the porosity parameter reduces the velocity, whereas the concentration and the temperature enhance in the case of the buoyancy assisting and buoyancy opposing flows. In addition, the wall drag force elevates for the larger value of the dimensionless permeability parameter K1 and the buoyancy ratio parameter N, while it declines for the modified porosity parameter ε1.

Entropy Generation Analysis of Al2O3–Water Nanofluid Flow Past a Permeable Cone Under the Effect of Suction/Injection and Viscous Ohmic Dissipations

Entropy Generation Analysis of Al2O3–Water Nanofluid Flow Past a Permeable Cone Under the Effect of Suction/Injection and Viscous Ohmic Dissipations

Effect of Non-linear Thermal Radiation and Binary Chemical Reaction on the Williamson Nanofluid Flow Past a Linearly Stretching Sheet

Effect of Non-linear Thermal Radiation and Binary Chemical Reaction on the Williamson Nanofluid Flow Past a Linearly Stretching Sheet

Chemical Reaction and Thermal Radiation Effects on Magnetohydrodynamic Nanofluid Flow Past an Exponentially Stretching Sheet

Abstract This study investigates chemical reaction and thermal radiation effects on hydromagnetic nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretching sheet. The governing partial differential equations were transformed to ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and the resulting equations were solved using asymptotic series method. Graphical results showing the influence of the governing parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration are displayed. Our results indicated that an increase in stretching sheet, thermal Grashof parameters leads to the increase in the rate of fluid flow while it decreases when magnetic field factor is increased. Also, increasing the thermophoresis number brings about increase in temperature and concentration while the reverse is the case as Prandtl number, Schmidt factor and chemical reaction rate increases. Increase in radiation leads to increase in the temperature. Keywords: Thermophoresis, Stretching sheet, MHD (Magnetohydrodynamic), thermal Radiation, Chemical reaction, Nanofluid.

Magnetohydrodynamic Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Slip Conditions

This study presents the magnetized hybrid nanofluid flow with heat source/sink over an exponentially stretching/shrinking sheet. Slip conditions are implemented to analyze the hybrid nanofluid flow for both slip and no-slip conditions. Additionally, the hybrid nanofluid of alumina and copper (hybrid nanoparticles) with blood (base fluid) has been considered and discussed with both suction and injection parameters. The appropriate similarity variables are used to convert partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and solved analytically with the help of the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The impact of different embedded parameters has been shown in the form of graphs and tables. The numerical values of skin friction and Nusselt number are presented in the form of Tables for both slip and no-slip cases. It is summarized that the upsurge of the velocity slip parameter and magnetic parameter increases the skin friction, while the rising of the thermal slip parameter and heat generation parameter decreases the Nusselt number.

Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Past an Inclined Surface

This paper examines the hybrid nanoparticles and the magnetic field impacts on the mixed convection boundary layer flow and heat transfer caused by an inclined shrinking–stretching surface in a hybrid nanofluid. Silver (Ag) is added into a MgO–water nanofluid to form Ag-MgO–water hybrid nanofluid. By making use of proper similarity transformations, the governing equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations. The problem is numerically solved with the help of the MATLAB function bvp4c. The influences of the chosen parameters on the temperature, velocity, heat transfer rate and the skin friction coefficient are addressed and graphically illustrated. The results show that increasing the magnetic parameter substantially improves the heat transfer rate and increases the skin friction coefficient. The findings also suggest that increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction φ2 (Ag) improves the skin friction coefficient while decreasing the heat transfer rate. For both stretching and shrinking instances, non-unique (dual) solutions are discovered. Only the first solution is stable, according to the temporal stability analysis of the dual solutions.

Theoretical Analysis of Cu-H2O, Al2O3-H2O, and TiO2-H2O Nanofluid Flow Past a Rotating Disk with Velocity Slip and Convective Conditions

The nanofluids can be used in the subsequent precise areas like chemical nanofluids, environmental nanofluids, heat transfer nanofluids, pharmaceutical nanofluids, drug delivery nanofluids, and process/extraction nanofluids. In short, the number of engineering and industrial applications of nanofluid technologies, as well as their emphasis on particular industrial applications, has been increased recently. Therefore, this exploration is carried out to analyze the nanofluid flow past a rotating disk with velocity slip and convective conditions. The water-based spherical-shaped nanoparticles of copper, alumina, and titanium have been considered in this analysis. The modeled problem has been solved with the help of homotopic technique. Convergence of the homotopic technique is shown with the help of the figure. The role of the physical factors on radial and tangential velocities, temperature, surface drag force, and heat transfer rate are displayed through figures and tables. The outcomes demonstrate that the surface drag force of the water-based spherical-shaped nanoparticles of Cu, Al2O3, and TiO2 has been reduced with a greater magnetic field. The radial and tangential velocities of the water-based spherical-shaped nanoparticles of Cu, Al2O3, and TiO2, and pure water have been augmented via magnetic parameter. The radial velocity of the water-based spherical-shaped nanoparticle of Cu has been augmented via nanoparticle volume fraction, whereas reduced for the Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The tangential velocity of the water-based spherical-shaped nanoparticles of Cu, Al2O3, and TiO2 has reduced via nanoparticle volume fraction. Also, the variations in radial and tangential velocities are greater for slip conditions as compared to no-slip conditions.

Irreversibility Analysis of 3D Magnetohydrodynamic Casson Nanofluid Flow Past Through Two Bi-Directional Stretching Surfaces with Nonlinear Radiation

Application of the nanoparticles with different non-Newtonian base fluid has huge application in the industries where the heat generation or energy transform takes place and many such applications are designing the advanced energy system at high temperature, aerodynamics, energy extraction etc. In the present study, we have analyzed irreversibility for a 3-dimensional MHD, incompressible, electrically conducting Casson nanofluid flow through the two horizontal stretching surfaces. To make it more practical and broad, the flow field has been incorporated with porosity, suction/injection, non-linear radiation with fall velocity with convective heating conditions at the boundaries and entropy generation which is an important physical phenomenon in thermodynamics. Influence of imperative parameters of the flow field and physical parameters have discussed with the entropy generation. In a limiting case, a comparison made. It is observed that the suction phenomena boost up the local Nusselt and Sherwood number at the surface while restricted the skin friction. The non-Newtonian rheology (as Casson number) restricted the skin friction and the same phenomena observed for the local heat and mass transfer. The entropy boosts up with the enhancement of the magnetic parameter, temperature ratio and Brinkman number. Further nanoparticle concentration improve the thermal conductivity leads an improvement in the efficiency of the heat transfer takes place. With the augment in thermal radiation, magnetic parameter and Brinkman number, the entropy generation of the systems gets accelerated.

Impact of Hall Current on a 3D Casson Nanofluid Flow Past a Rotating Deformable Disk with Variable Characteristics

Impact of Hall Current on a 3D Casson Nanofluid Flow Past a Rotating Deformable Disk with Variable Characteristics

Stability Analysis of Unsteady Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past a Permeable Stretching/Shrinking Cylinder

The study of boundary layer flow has gained considerable interest owing to its extensive engineering applications. Thus, this numerical study aims to investigate the stability analysis of unsteady flow in the hybrid Al2O3-Cu/H2O nanofluid past a shrinking permeable cylinder. The impacts of suction and unsteadiness parameters are considered in this study. The partial differential equations are converted into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by selecting suitable similarity transformation and solved using the bvp4c code in the MATLAB program. The findings revealed that the existence of dual solutions is visible. The skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt numbers of Al2O3-Cu/H2O increase with the inclusion of the suction parameter. The presence of the unsteadiness parameter actively promotes heat transfer degradation on the shrinking cylinder. Stability analysis indicates that a stable and physically realizable solution appeared in the first solution, whereas the second solution is unstable.

A Framework for the Magnetic Dipole Effect on the Thixotropic Nanofluid Flow Past a Continuous Curved Stretched Surface

The magnetic dipole effect for thixotropic nanofluid with heat and mass transfer, as well as microorganism concentration past a curved stretching surface, is discussed. The flow is in a porous medium, which describes the Darcy–Forchheimer model. Through similarity transformations, the governing equations of the problem are transformed into non-linear ordinary differential equations, which are then processed using an efficient and powerful method known as the homotopy analysis method. All the embedded parameters are considered when analyzing the problem through solution. The dipole and porosity effects reduce the velocity, while the thixotropic nanofluid parameter increases the velocity. Through the dipole and radiation effects, the temperature is enhanced. The nanoparticles concentration increases as the Biot number and curvature, solutal, chemical reaction parameters increase, while it decreases with increasing Schmidt number. The microorganism motile density decreases as the Peclet and Lewis numbers increase. Streamlines demonstrate that the trapping on the curved stretched surface is uniform.

Viscous Dissipation and Chemical Reaction Effects on Tangent Hyperbolic Nanofluid Flow Past a Stretching Wedge with Convective Heating and Navier’s Slip Conditions

Viscous Dissipation and Chemical Reaction Effects on Tangent Hyperbolic Nanofluid Flow Past a Stretching Wedge with Convective Heating and Navier’s Slip Conditions

The Overlapping Grid Spectral Collocation Method for Solving Entropy Generation in Casson Nanofluid Flow Past a Stretching Plate

The current study investigates the intrinsic irreversibility phenomenon of a mixed convection and electrically conducting couple stress Casson fluid motion over a thermally stretching sheet. We have considered the combined effect of applied magnetic field, Brownian motion, thermal radiation, permeability, Casson parameter, and the stretching parameter on the entropy generation rate of the model. The first and second laws of thermodynamics have been applied to examine the flow problem. The obtained dimensionless structure of highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations is then solved numerically applying the overlapping grid spectral collocation method. This method has high accuracy and converges fast. The approximate solutions for velocity, temperature and concentration are used to evaluate the rate of entropy generation and some physical parameters of the flow. For engineering interest, we have obtained tabular results for the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number for pertinent parameters. We found that entropy generation rate is minimized when there is an increase in the applied magnetic field, thermophoresis parameter, Casson parameter, Brownian motion, and the energy variance parameter. Further, the entropy generation rate is increased by enhancing the stretching parameter, permeability parameter, the Biot number, and thermal radiation parameter.

Entropy Generation for MHD Maxwell Nanofluid Flow Past a Porous and Stretching Surface with Dufour and Soret Effects

In this study, the entropy generation for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection and Maxwell nanofluid flow is discussed. The flow is considered over a stretching and penetrable surface. The thermal conductivity, velocity slip condition, and thermal radiation are also considered for the flow system. The entropy generation and irreversibility analysis have been considered and the impact of the physical parameters has been observed. The modeled equations are converted into a set of non-linear ODEs with the help of similar transformable variables. The sophisticated homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to obtain analytic approximations for the resulting system of non-linear differential equations. Among the many outputs of the study, it is found that the velocity distribution is a decreasing function of Maxwell, magnetic parameters, and an increasing function of mixed convection factor within the boundary layer. Temperature profile upsurges with a consistent expansion in radiation thermophoretic and Dufour parameters. The Bejan number increases with an increase in the Brinkman number and radiation parameter. The concentration profile increases with an augmentation of the Soret number and decreases with increasing values of the Schmidt number.

Dual Solutions Analysis of Melting Phenomenon with Mixed Convection in a Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Past a Permeable Stretching/Shrinking Sheet

The 2-D MHD nanofluid with mixed convection above a stretching/shrinking plate has been investigated. Melting heat transfer near surface is contemplated. Consider the saline water as base fluid with containing single SWCNTs as well as MWCNTs. Suitable similarity variables are employed to transform the governing PDEs into ODEs. These transformed equations which are coupled, and of high nonlinearity, have been solved through applying the bvp4c solver. The consequences of the relevant parameters like, the MHD parameter, mixed convection parameter, melting parameter, volume fraction on the flow field along with the skin friction and heat transfer rate are displayed in graphical form. Results show that the thin layer thickness diminishes as magnetic parameter enhances and at the same time temperature increases with magnetic parameter. It is also demonstrated that the melting parameter leads to a reduction in the thin layer thickness as well as dimensionless temperature. Obtain dual solutions for flow fields which delineates to identify the stable solution.

Hydromagnetic Dissipative and Radiative Graphene Maxwell Nanofluid Flow Past a Stretched Sheet-Numerical and Statistical Analysis

The key objective of this analysis is to examine the flow of hydromagnetic dissipative and radiative graphene Maxwell nanofluid over a linearly stretched sheet considering momentum and thermal slip conditions. The appropriate similarity variables are chosen to transform highly nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE) of mathematical model in the form of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE). Further, these transformed equations are numerically solved by making use of Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg algorithm along with the shooting scheme. The significance of pertinent physical parameters on the flow of graphene Maxwell nanofluid velocity and temperature are enumerated via different graphs whereas skin friction coefficients and Nusselt numbers are illustrated in numeric data form and are reported in different tables. In addition, a statistical approach is used for multiple quadratic regression analysis on the numerical figures of wall velocity gradient and local Nusselt number to demonstrate the relationship amongst heat transfer rate and physical parameters. Our results reveal that the magnetic field, unsteadiness, inclination angle of magnetic field and porosity parameters boost the graphene Maxwell nanofluid velocity while Maxwell parameter has a reversal impact on it. Finally, we have compared our numerical results with those of earlier published articles under the restricted conditions to validate our solution. The comparison of results shows an excellent conformity among the results.