Magnetohydrodynamic Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Slip Conditions

Abdul Samad Khan,He-Yong Xu,Waris Khan

doi:10.3390/math9243291

Abdul Samad Khan, He-Yong Xu + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/math9243291

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Abstract

This study presents the magnetized hybrid nanofluid flow with heat source/sink over an exponentially stretching/shrinking sheet. Slip conditions are implemented to analyze the hybrid nanofluid flow for both slip and no-slip conditions. Additionally, the hybrid nanofluid of alumina and copper (hybrid nanoparticles) with blood (base fluid) has been considered and discussed with both suction and injection parameters. The appropriate similarity variables are used to convert partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and solved analytically with the help of the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The impact of different embedded parameters has been shown in the form of graphs and tables. The numerical values of skin friction and Nusselt number are presented in the form of Tables for both slip and no-slip cases. It is summarized that the upsurge of the velocity slip parameter and magnetic parameter increases the skin friction, while the rising of the thermal slip parameter and heat generation parameter decreases the Nusselt number.

Highlights

In order to achieve considerable cost and energy reductions, heat transfer intensification is essential
The idea of dispersing high-thermal conductivity solid particles of micro-size into the conventional fluid was first pioneered by Maxwell [1] and continued by Hamilton and Crosser [2] to intensify the fluid thermal conductivity
Choi and Eastman [3] invented this novel heat transfer fluid by dispersing the nanometer-sized solid particles into the base fluid, and it is believed these could overcome the coagulation of the flow passage due to its unique feature

Summary

Introduction

In order to achieve considerable cost and energy reductions, heat transfer intensification is essential. Choi and Eastman [3] invented this novel heat transfer fluid by dispersing the nanometer-sized solid particles into the base fluid, and it is believed these could overcome the coagulation of the flow passage due to its unique feature. Along with the development of technologies, another new class of heat transfer fluid named hybrid nanofluid has been established It is an extension of the nanofluid invented by the dispersion of dual or multiple kinds of nanosized (size less than 100 nm) solid particles with an excellent thermal conductivity into a base fluid. Jha et al [5] followed with similar research They used a combination of silver and multiwall carbon nanotubes to investigate the thermal conductivity. The analytical method (HAM) is used to solve the transformed ODEs

Mathematical Formulation

Solution of the Problem Using HAM

Discussion of the Equations χm and

Conclusions

Methods