Name Change Research Articles

Comparing similarities and differences between NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD in the general U.S. population.

Recently, the multisociety Delphi consensus renamed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) terminology [previously renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)] as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The aim of this study was to compare the similarities and differences between NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD and to clarify the impact of this new name change. A cross-sectional study of 3,035 general subjects with valid vibration-controlled transient elastography data was conducted based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020. NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD were defined according to the corresponding consensus criteria. Using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ≥274 dB/m and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) ≥9.7 kPa as the cutoff values for the presence of hepatic steatosis and advanced liver fibrosis (ALF), the prevalence of NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD were 38.01% (95% CI 35.78-40.29%), 41.09% (39.09-43.12%), and 37.9% (35.70-40.14%), respectively, and the corresponding prevalence of ALF was 10.21% (7.09-14.48%), 10.13% (7.06-14.35%), and 10.24% (7.11-14.53%), respectively. The kappa values for the three definitions were above 0.9. The prevalence and severity of the three definitions remained similar when the sensitivity analyses were performed using different CAP thresholds. The prevalence of NAFLD, MAFLD, MASLD, and ALF increased as the number of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) increased. Our findings highlight the consistency among the three definitions, especially between NAFLD and MASLD, so that the new consensus will not disturb the original NAFLD-related findings. Additionally, more attention should be paid to patients with a high number of CMRFs.

Safeguarding? Critiquing Gender-Critical Discourse around Gender Diversity at School

More and more young people are identifying their gender in different ways, and gender diversity at school has become an increasingly debated topic. Within the United Kingdom (UK), sociopolitical discourse has become progressively fractured, with the UK Government recently releasing controversial draft non-statutory guidance prohibiting social transitioning, or the changing of names, pronouns and/or appearance amongst gender-diverse individuals at school. One term which has been increasingly utilized in this discourse is “safeguarding”, a term which refers to the practice of promoting child welfare and protecting children from harm. Safeguarding is a key consideration when discussing gender inclusion at school. However, harmful and discriminatory policies, such as “outing” gender-questioning children to their parents, are now being mislabelled as safeguarding practices. This article will argue that the concept of safeguarding, and wider discourses around child vulnerability, are being misappropriated in order to justify anti-trans policies. This article will explore the current UK discourse around gender-diverse children at school, demonstrating that gender-diverse youth are perceived as both vulnerable to “gender ideology” and a threat to others at school, a social positioning that serves to restrict their rights and agency. This article will discuss the ways in which the term safeguarding is being weaponized against gender-diverse children, before reviewing the social scientific research on risk and protective factors for gender-diverse youth, to understand what safeguarding gender-diverse children actually means. Keywords: gender diversity; trans; school; cisgenderism; safeguarding; childhood.

FORCED DEPORTATION OF PEOPLES TO KAZAKHSTAN

The totalitarian system that dominated during the Soviet period forcibly displaced manynationalities and ethnic groups from their historical homeland, causing great damage to their unity andintegrity, cultural and social development, pursuing a policy of ideological arbitrariness (dictatorship).Soviet leaders forcibly deported to the territory of Central Asia, accusing the Crimean people of activecooperation with the German invaders in order to strengthen the central political power. The CrimeanPeninsula was the main tourist center of the USSR and one of the regions of high political importance.This scientific article, written on this basis, presents historical data on the state of the population onthe Crimean Peninsula before the deportation, on the change of names of cities in Crimea, on how theprocess of forced displacement was carried out, based on archival data. The detrimental consequencesof the forced displacement of peoples to the territory of Kazakhstan and the impact on the nationalcomposition of the Kazakh people are analyzed. In the second half of the 20th century, attempts bythe peoples of Crimea to return to their homeland, the socio-economic situation of the population afterresettlement to the territory of Kazakhstan, and their contribution to the modern development of Kazakhstanisociety were considered.During the actual study of the article, archival data were used. Historical scientific methods of analysisand synthesis of scientific data, historical and comparative analysis, classification, systematization,etc. were also used.

‘If you name a child and then change the name, it is someone else’: opinions of Graaff-Reinet residents on the proposed name change of their town to Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe

ABSTRACT In August 2023, residents of Graaff-Reinet received news that the town’s name is being considered for a change to Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe. Community reactions to the proposed name change have sparked a need to scientifically investigate the opinions of a representative sample of the community regarding the proposed name change. The study employed a quantitative approach, utilizing a representative sample survey with stratified random sampling to ensure diverse population representation from the town. Three strata were identified: former white and former coloured group areas, and the township. A total of 367 interviews were conducted, determined by the physical count of residential erven (7,748) to achieve a 95% confidence level with a 5% margin of error. The questionnaire gathered data on demographics, opinions on renaming, and connections to Graaff-Reinet. Results indicated that 83.6% expressing the opinion that the name should not change, a sentiment prevalent across all three strata. Reasons against change included familiarity, historical significance, and a focus on service delivery. The study revealed a strong sense of community identity and place attachment. The study highlighted the resistance to changing toponyms as a unifying force in Graaff-Reinet, emphasizing the significance of place names in shaping identity and community dynamics.

Navigating Change in Tumor Naming: Exploring the Complexities and Considerations of Shifting Toward Molecular Classifications.

Navigating change in tumor naming. Balance organ-based and molecular classifications for optimal treatment.

Juridical Analysis of Transfer of Land Ownership Rights Unknown to the Previous Owner

The transfer of property rights over land from one party to another can be obtained through a court decision. Based on the provisions of Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles and Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration, the sale purchase and transfer of land rights must be carried out in front of a land deed official (PPAT). Many problems arise regarding the ownership of land rights carried out under the hand, in the sense that they are not in accordance with the applicable regulation. The case can be detrimental to the buyer and even a lawsuit must be made through the court. The case in this study is a case of transfer of land rights because the loss of the certificate was later found after 25 years and the owner has a good intention to apply for a name change, but the previous owner of the certificate is unknown. This study aims to ensure legal certainty in the transfer of ownership of land that is unknown to the previous owner and explain the legal consequences of the transfer of ownership of the land after the issuance of a court decision. This study uses a normative juridical method and the method of data collection uses interviews and studies and reviews a applicable law and regulation as a basis for solving problems. Therefore, using a court decision can be the basis for rights that have permanent legal force in the transfer of land rights

DERUSSIFICATION AND DECOMMUNISATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES WITHIN THE KHMELNYTSKYI REGION

Statement of the scientific and practical problem. Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has caused significant changes among Ukrainian citizens and raised issues that play an important role in the formation of national identity. Since the 2000s, the Russian criminal authorities and Russian propaganda have been developing the concept of the "Russian world" to keep Ukraine subordinate to the imperial non-state. Therefore, the preservation of the geographical and cultural heritage of the aggressor country is unacceptable in times of war. Relevance and novelty of the study. The processes of decommunisation and derussification in Ukraine today are closely interconnected, as Russians are the bearers of neo-imperialist and colonial tendencies. In the history of our country, resistance to colonialism has had its own peculiarities and stages in each century, so it is quite logical that during the period of full-scale aggression against Ukraine, this process has become nationwide. Ukraine has adopted a number of laws condemning the communist and national socialist regimes and prohibiting the propaganda of their symbols, which covers a wide range of objects: names of settlements, streets, squares, monuments, taverns, facade boards, etc. Their presence in our country undermines the upbringing of modern Ukrainians, who should be educated on national and European values. The dominance of hostile geographical names and culture in any form is completely unjustified, having been forcibly imposed in the past. Imperial policy has deep roots and permeates Ukrainian education and upbringing. Therefore, today we are witnessing a completely natural reaction of Ukrainian society, which seeks to purge itself of the carriers of Russian and communist influence on a larger scale. Relation of the article’s topic to important scientific and practical tasks. The article deals with issues within the framework of the scientific topic: "Decommunisation and Derussification of Geographical Names in Ukraine" of the Department of Geography and Methods of Teaching it at the Ivan Ohienko National University of Kamianets-Podilskyi. For more than 70 years, the Soviet government tried to destroy any historical, cultural, and linguistic diversity in Ukraine. For a long time, the names of geographical objects in Ukraine honored people who had nothing to do with our country. The process of renaming intensified after 2014, when the annexation of Crimea and the occupation of Donetsk and Luhansk regions took place. The war launched by the Russian Federation in February 2022 necessitated the need to renounce any ties with the aggressor. Changes in geographical names have covered the expanse of Ukrainian settlements. Derussification is a fairly new process and does not yet have a clear definition. The draft amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Geographical Names" stipulate that derussification is intended to prohibit the assignment of names to geographical objects in Ukraine that glorify, perpetuate, propagandize, or symbolize the Russian Federation. It is interesting to note that after Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, several foreign countries, such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Sweden, and Canada, renamed streets and squares where the aggressor country’s diplomatic missions are located. These streets are now named "Ukrainian Heroes", "Free Ukraine", or "Heroic Mariupol". This shows that even accidental renaming can have significant symbolism and support for Ukraine. The formation of place names is a complex and ongoing process. It often depends on the socio-political situation and bears the imprints of different historical epochs. Key words: decommunisation, derussification, decolonisation, renaming, geographical name, settlement.

POLICY AND LINGUISTIC CONSIDERATIONS IN THE PROPOSED RENAMING OF WEST JAVA PROVINCE TO TATAR SUNDA

This legal study investigates the implications of the proposed renaming of West Java Province to Tatar Sunda Province, employing the approach of intuitive semantic dualism to address issues of language, territory, ethnicity, and national identity. The research draws on data from academic journals, books, media reports, and interviews, comparing secondary data with field opinions on the languages and bordering regions of the Sundanese dialect. The findings reveal that, although the Sundanese linguistic system was expected to play a crucial role in the renaming process and promote territorial unity, it falls short due to the inclusion of regions such as Banten, pre-independence Batavia, and bilingual border areas in the east and north. This geographic and linguistic complexity means that the name "Tatar Sunda" does not accurately reflect the distinct linguistic, cultural, and territorial identities of the Sundanese people as described by J. van Baal. Legally, while there are no barriers to the renaming policy, the proposed name fails to adequately represent the region's diverse identities. Consequently, the study recommends further exploration of more representative alternatives that align with the existing legal framework, ensuring that the name change is not only legally valid but also appropriately reflects the region's identity.

Gender inclusivity of ophthalmology journal submission guidelines and associated research metrics.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of inclusive author submission guidelines across ophthalmology journals. Journals were identified from the 2021 Journal Citations Report (Clarivate Analytics). Independent reviewers rated each author submission guideline as "inclusive" for satisfying at-least one of six criteria: i) included examples of gender inclusive language; ii) recommended the use of gender-inclusive language; iii) distinguished between sex and gender; iv) provided educational resources on gender-inclusive language; v) provided a policy permitting name changes (e.g., in case of gender and name transition); and/or vi) provided a statement of commitment to inclusivity. The primary objective was to investigate the proportion of journals with "gender-inclusive" author submission guidelines and the elements of the gender-inclusive content within these guidelines. A secondary objective was to review the association between "gender-inclusivity" in author submission guidelines with publisher, origin country, and journal/source/influence metrics (Clarivate Analytics). Across 94 journals, 29.8% journals were rated as inclusive. Inclusive journals had significantly higher relative impact factor, citations, and article influence scores compared to non-inclusive journals. Of the 29.8% of inclusive journals, the three most common domains were inclusion of an inclusivity statement (71.4% of inclusive journals), distinguishing between sex and gender (67.9%), and provision of additional educational resources on gender reporting for authors (60.7%). A minority of ophthalmology journals have gender-inclusive author submission guidelines. Ophthalmology journals should update their submission guidelines to advance gender equity of both authors and study participants and promote the inclusion of gender-diverse communities.

First Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot Disease on Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. sesami in North Carolina.

In July 2022, dark brown to black, angular, water-soaked lesions were observed on sesame leaves (Sesamum indicum L.) in a research plot established to assess yield potential for eight varieties at the North Carolina (NC) Sandhills Research Station (Chavez 2023). Symptoms were indicative of a bacterial leaf spot (BLS). At early flowering stage, leaf spots were present on scattered plants; varieties ES108, SS3301, and ES201 exhibited up to 75% disease prevalence, with lower frequency in ES103, S39, S4302, S3251, and S3276. Symptomatic leaves from 3-4 plants were collected on four different dates from July through September. A section of symptomatic tissue was excised and macerated in sterile deionized water (SDW). A 10 µL aliquot was streaked onto SPA medium (15 g sucrose, 5.0 g proteose peptone, 0.50 g MgSO4 7H2O, 0.25 g K2HPO4, 15 g agar per liter of SDW) and incubated at 28ºC. After 72 h, numerous, smooth, white-cream colored, convex-shaped, colonies were individually isolated. Five randomly selected isolates from the different collection dates, designated as AHP108-AHP111 and AHP116, were genotyped. The 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoD, and gapA genes were sequenced (Heuer et al. 1997; Hwang et al. 2005) and deposited to NCBI (GenBank Accessions: P213467- PP213470; OQ628040-OQ628042; PP214983-PP214994; and PP255798). These five isolates shared 100% sequence identity for gyrB and rpoD. AHP108-AHP111 shared 100% sequence identity for 16S rRNA and gapA, with 99.7% and 90.8% identity, respectively, for AHP116. A phylogenetic tree was inferred from a maximum-likelihood analysis of concatenated gyrB, rpoD, and gapA sequences of the five isolates and the top 11 hts from a blastn search of the NCBI nucleotide database. Those hits included closely related sequences from Pseudomonas syringae pv. sesami type strains ICMP 763T and ICMP 7459T. Based on this phylogenetic analysis AHP108-AHP111 and AHP116 are P. syringae pv. sesami. Recent genomic analysis suggests this pathovar is part of P. amygdali (Gomila et al. 2017), but an official name change has not been proposed. Each of the five isolates were infiltrated into leaves of sesame varieties ES108, ES103, and S327, consistently resulting in similar symptoms. Thus, strain AHP116, as a representative, was used to fulfill Koch's postulates using five, 30-day-old potted sesame plants (var. S3301). Plants were spray-inoculated with a bacterial suspension of ~108 CFU/ml until runoff; plants were incubated in moist chambers 24 h pre and post inoculation at 28ºC with 80% relative humidity and a 12 h photoperiod. At 13 days post inoculation, symptoms resembling those on plants at the Sandhills Research Stations in 2022 were evident. Reisolated bacteria were confirmed to be AHP116 through 16S rRNA and gyrB amplification and sequencing. No symptoms were observed on the five water-inoculated plants. BLS of sesame has been reported in Asia and is thought to be seedborne (Firdous et al. 2009; Prathuangwong and Yowabutra 1997). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. syringae pv. sesami causing BLS on sesame in North Carolina. Sesame cultivation in the state increased from approximately 2,000 acres in 2022 to 13,000 acres in 2023 and there is interest in cultivating sesame as a rotational and alternative crop because it requires minimal input costs. Potential outbreaks of BLS in this warm, humid region could negatively affect sesame production, where little is known about the economic impact of the disease.

A Study on the Consolidation of Mahan and the Change of the State Name of King Seong(聖王)

A Study on the Consolidation of Mahan and the Change of the State Name of King Seong(聖王)

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ НАЗВАНИЙ ГУЗАРОВ БУХАРЫ: СВОЕОБРАЗНАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ СОВЕТСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

This article examines the policy of renaming settlements during the existence of the Soviet Union. The study highlights the main aspects of this policy, including the processes and methods of place name change, as well as its symbolic and practical significance. The article talks about the reasons that prompted the Soviet government to change the names of cities, villages and streets, their connection with national ideology and culture, as well as their impact on the political situation and national priorities.

Floating notions of selfhood: interrogating cultural displacement across generations in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake

ABSTRACT This paper, based on an argumentative essay, without involving any human-participation, is focusing on how the diasporic identity remains rooted in fixed cultural templates despite enduring shifts and transformations as depicted in two contemporary South Asian American novels, namely, The Namesake (2004. The Namesake. New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers, 40–289.) by Jhumpa Lahiri and Jasmine (1989. Jasmine. New York: Virago Press, 26–185.) by Bharati Mukherjee from an intergenerational lens. The sociocultural dynamics of name change reveal the nuanced interface between belonging and non-belonging, acceptance, and alienation. The second-generation occupies an ambiguous space, the very polysemic ambiguity that Lacan’s ((1956) 1977. “The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious.” In Écrits: A Selection. London: Tavistock.) letter manifests as a material object, text, and sign. One of the most potent instruments of defining oneself is the name as it is not merely a proper noun to identify an individual, it is a multifaceted identifier denoting among others, the gender, religion, ethnicity, race, and even the condition of hybridity (Saha, Amit Shankar. 2023. Transitions Indian Diaspora and Four Women Writers. Kolkata: Virasat Art Publications.).

Penggunaan Kembali Istilah Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM) Oleh TNI: Analisis Alasan dan Hubungannya dengan Prinsip Negara Hukum

The purpose of this article is to explore the reasons behind the TNI's change of name from KST or KKB to OPM, as well as the relevant principles of the rule of law. The TNI Commander issued a decree on this matter based on acts of terror and violations of human rights committed by the group in the Papua region, which have threatened national security. One of the principles of the rule of law owned by the State of Indonesia is the guarantee of human rights by law. The Indonesian government wants to resolve this conflict not only through a military approach, but also with economic, educational, health, and political approaches. The name change has raised public concerns about an increase in military operations that could harm civilians because there is no guarantee of protection from weapons activities that might occur. In addition, this name change is only carried out by the TNI alone and needs support from many parties.

Transformation of Identity among Slavic Muslim Pomaks in Bulgaria and Georgian Muslim Ajarians in Georgia: A Comparative Analysis

ABSTRACT This article comparatively analyses the identity transformation of Pomaks and Ajarians, two Muslim minorities living with Orthodox majorities. Based on semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted in Bulgaria and Georgia, it is argued that minorities who share more commonalities with the titular community have great difficulty with integrating into the national identity. That is, Pomaks and Ajarians, whose religious affiliations differ from the titular community, are more discriminated against than other minorities. This article also discusses how state policies such as name changes and conversions directed to both minorities have had a vital impact on their identity transformation. It further discusses the varying forms of boundary maintenance. Pomaks adopted various identities due to their interactions with different groups unlike Ajarians, who adopted only the Georgian identity.

Prognostic value of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease over coronary computed tomography angiography findings: comparison with no-alcoholic fatty liver disease

BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the proposed name change for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the association of cardiovascular disease risk with MASLD and NAFLD in patients who underwent clinically indicated coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).MethodsThis retrospective study included 2289 patients (60% men; mean age: 68 years) with no history of coronary artery disease who underwent CCTA. The steatotic liver was defined as a hepatic-to-spleen attenuation ratio of < 1.0 on CT just before CCTA. MASLD is defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis along with at least one of the five cardiometabolic risk factors. Adverse CCTA findings were defined as obstructive and/or high-risk plaques. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) encompassed composite coronary events, including cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, and late coronary revascularization.ResultsMASLD and NAFLD were identified in 415 (18%) and 368 (16%) patients, respectively. Adverse CCTA findings were observed in 40% and 38% of the patients with MASLD and with NAFLD, respectively. Adverse CCTA findings were significantly associated with MASLD (p = 0.007) but not NAFLD (p = 0.253). During a median follow-up of 4.4 years, 102 (4.4%) MACE were observed. MASLD was significantly associated with MACE (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% CI 1.18–2.83, p = 0.007), while its association with NAFLD was not significant (p = 0.070). By incorporating MASLD into a prediction model of MACE, including the risk score and adverse CCTA findings, global chi-squared values significantly increased from 87.0 to 94.1 (p = 0.008).ConclusionsPatients with MASLD are likely to have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than those with NAFLD. Concurrent assessment of MASLD during CCTA improves the identification of patients at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease among those with clinically indicated CCTA.

New nomenclature for fatty liver disease

This review investigates that, in 2023, fatty liver disease underwent a name change to "steatotic liver disease" (SLD). SLD now includes metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), and metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD). The renaming aims to better incorporate alcohol intake and metabolic risk factors into disease classification and to diminish the stigma associated with the previous nomenclature. Early identification of the patient's aetiology is important for the prognosis which can be improved by interventions against the causative risk factors.

How to describe a new species in zoology and avoid mistakes

Abstract Taxonomy is the science of discovering, naming, describing, diagnosing, identifying, and classifying different kinds of taxa, from species to families. It lays the foundation for all of the biological sciences. The rapid increase in both taxonomic descriptions and malpractice in recent decades indicates a need for consistency in the procedure and quality of taxonomic research publications dealing with recognition of new taxa, name changes, and nomenclatural acts. Indeed, there are numerous examples in the recent literature of taxonomic works that fall short of the basic procedures and minimum standards required for naming new species according to the mandatory provisions and recommendations of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, accepted standards of taxonomic best practice, and journal editorial policy. Here, we provide practical guidelines of the procedure and key elements required to name, describe, and publish a new animal species or revise the taxonomic status of a species. We then discuss some of the common pitfalls that should be avoided. Mistakes commonly made include failure to read the Code, to review the primary taxonomic literature, to examine type material, to construct the taxon name correctly, to explicitly establish the new taxon, to provide adequate typification, to clearly differentiate the new taxon, to register the publication of the new taxon name in ZooBank, or to publish the name of the new taxon in a manner that is compliant with the Code. We provide some examples of these mistakes, mainly from butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) and, to some extent, reptiles because these taxon groups seem to have an unusually high level of poor taxonomic practice.

Public administration and development in (historical) perspective

AbstractSince 1949, the journal Public Administration and Development has gone through changes in name and scope, in author demographics and background, and in readership and the topics covered. The professional‐oriented articles in the first years of the journal have evolved to become more academic theory‐oriented articles in recent years. Drawing on mixed methods, the authors conducted in‐depth analyses using data from the journal to highlight changes in research themes and geographic foci. The study provides insights into the historical development of public administration in developing contexts, the journal's contributions to the field, and maps out potential future research trends.

POEM BY M. YU. LERMONTOV “TO THE PORTRAIT” (1840): POETIC OF THE TEXT AND IMAGE

The article examines the history and poetics of Mikhail Lermontov’s poem “To the Portrait” (1840). The research material comprised three manu- scripts of the poem: a draft manuscript from the collection of S. A. Rachinsky containing numerous edits, a finalized manuscript with notes by V. F. Odoevsky and P. A. Vyazemsky, as well as another final draft of the poem, which was added to the collection of Karl August Farnhagen von Enze in 1844. The reconstruction of textual history allows to trace, the features of Lermontov’s poetics. While working on the poem, the author consistently rejected the ekphrastic nature of the image created by the reference to a specific artifact — an engraving by Pierre Louis Henri Grevedon “Full-Length Portrait of a Sitting Woman in an Open Dress” (1840). Using a series of associations, comparisons, and oppositions, the poet creates an image of a young woman. Attention to the dynamic poetics of the verbal portrait of Countess A. K. Vorontsova-Dashkova allowed us to show how Lermontov complicated her image. The analysis of the draft versions of numerous antinomies, name change in the final draft allowed to overcome the clichés of perception of the poem and interpret it in the context of the Russian cultural tradition.