Nalgonda District Research Articles

Evaluation of coverage of mass drug administration programme conducted in Nalgonda district of Telangana state

Background: Lymphatic filariasis has been a major public health problem in India. Government of India during 2004 initiated Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with annual single dose of DEC tablets to all the population living at the risk of filariasis. Nalgonda is endemic district where MDA programme is undertaken every year to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the coverage and compliance rates of the MDA programme conducted during January 2018.Methods: The guidelines of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) were used to select a total of 129 households from four clusters (three rural and one urban). Each household was visited by a team and data was recorded on pre-structured questionnaire available in operational guidelines manual of NVBDCP. Data analyzed by SPSS version 22.Results: Total of 129 households were included in the study, Among the 523 study population, only 494 were eligible population to receive MDA. Current study shows that coverage rate was 79.84% and compliance rate was 84.6%. Fear of side effects was most common reason for noncompliance.Conclusions: Efforts should be made to improve coverage rates by involving more human resources, supervision and incentives. Though compliance rates were higher than required there is need to maintain these rates by IEC activities and community participation.

Studies on Environmental Geology and Health Hazards with Reference to Fluoride Rich Groundwater of Nalgonda District,Telangana State, India - a Remote Sensing and G.I.S. Approach.

In the area of study the quality and quantity of groundwater are below the normal standards. In this study spatial statistical methods have been used to demarcate highly polluted zones. Especially fluoride concentrated areas in Nalgonda district. Water quality, especially excess of fluoride concentration in groundwater, is a major concern in the study area. Levels of fluoride in groundwater are considerably greater than the permissible limit especially in Nalgonda district which is known for endemic fluorosis, which is caused by intake of high fluoride water is a slow, progressively, crippling malady affecting young and old, poor and rich, rural and urban population. The area under investigation lies in between the longitude 790 0'-79o 30' E and latitude 16o 45'-17o 15' N. In as many as 1122 habitations in Ranga Reddy and Nalgonda districts, fluorosis is prevalent and they have fluoride content in excess of 1.5 mg/l drinking water. One such area where fluoride contamination in groundwater has been known for several years in parts of Nalgonda district of Telangana state. In this district, several thousands of people in various villages are suffering with advanced fluorosis. A number of studies carried out earlier established the extent of fluoride contamination in different villages. However, no attempt was made to study the spatial distribution of various quality parameters including fluoride in the groundwater of this area. With this background this investigation is planned and undertaken. The spatial variability of groundwater G.I.S techniques were presented. The fluoride variation with reference to other quality parameters was brought out. An attempt is being made to summarise and understand the factors that control the groundwater quality variation in the area of study. A detailed study on fluoride occurrence is taken up, mainly to see its relationship with various other parameters and the influence of hydrogeology and lineament pattern on fluoride occurrence.

Integration of Geology, Hydrogeology and Geomorphology for Groundwater Occurrence in A Hard Rock Region from Parts of Nalgonda District, Telangana State, India, Using Remote Sensing and G.I.S Techniques

The study area is located in and around Nalgonda town in Nalgonda district, Telangana state. For the detailed investigation of the groundwater condition of a part of this district and covers an area of about 2880 sq.km. in Narkatpalli, Chityal, Katangur, Nakrekaletc. mandals have been selected. Survey of India toposheets on 56 0/4, 0/8, P/1, P/5, Scale - 1: 50,000, IRS ID LISS III satellite imagery using remote sensing and G.I.S. techniques. A detailed study is carried out by classifying the wells into four categories. The groundwater regime with reference to depth water table fluctuation has been evaluated in the study area. The deeper wells mainly occur or observed to occur in the central and southeastern parts of the study area whereas the shallow wells are confined to northern, eastern and southeastern parts of the study area. Also the drainage pattern is observed as medium to coarse textured and dendritic to subdendritic type, which is characteristic of hard rock terrain and develops in regions of homogeneity. The field data provides the information about the depth to water table, and fluctuation of the groundwater. The best suitable areas identified were mainly in shallow valley fill is mostly composed of sandy material, which are generally good to excellent of groundwater prospects. Most of the area posed good groundwater recharge capacity. Based on these studies on lineament density map of the entire study area has been prepared indicating areas of high, moderate and low density lineaments. The important observation is that the deeper wells are having low fluctuation whereas the shallow wells are characterised by high fluctuation and high density lineaments. To study the hydrogeological conditions in the area, field investigations were carried out and 94 wells were inventoried. Groundwater occurs in the study area under water table and semi-confined conditions limited to weathered and fractured zones. The zone of weathering ranges from 0 m (near inselbergs) to 17 m. The joints and fractures, which act as conduits for the movement of groundwater are responsible for the good yield of water from the wells.

Automated Mapping of Water Bodies from Resourcesat-2 Awifs Image Using Automated Algorithm, Nalgonda District, Telangana State, India.

In the recent past lot of research is taken place on surface water features. The surface water includes lakes, ponds, rivers, streams and other exposed inland water bodies. The function of rainfall amounts, intensity of rainfall etc. over season / year are the variation in spatial extent of these features. Remote sensing providing lot of data and extracting lot of information over the changes from time to time. Nowadays the role of satellite image process is widely used in extraction of water bodies. Different researchers are using various methods to delineate water bodies from different satellite imagery varying in characteristics like spatial, spectral, and temporal. In FCC water bodies appear as different hues depending on their physical characteristics such as depth of water (bottom reflection), turbidity, etc. Water appears dark due to which absorbs all infrared radiations which helps in easy contrast distinction between water and land in near-infrared band. Our present area of interest includes an automatic approach to capture the water body from a Resourcesat-2 AWiFS (Advanced Wide-Field Sensor) imagery using a Automated Algorithm for extraction of surface water bodies model. The dynamics of surface water bodies in Study on geospatial analysis of the extraction of water feature sheets for the month of January month 2018 of the study area. Geospatial database on water bodies information has been created from the Resourcesat-2 AWiFS image. By using bands of 1.55- 1.70 µm (SWIR), 0.77-0.86 µm (NIR), 0.62-0.68 µm (Red) and 0.52-0.59 µm (Green) for the estimation of the water spread area. The Water spread area (WSA) calculated for each is 37231 ha [1] and [2].

A Study on Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality From a Fluoride Infested Aquifer of Nalgonda District of Telangana State, India.

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Evaluation of Geomorphological Landforms, Lineaments and Landuse/Landcover Using Geospatial Technologies in Parts of Nalgonda District, Telangana State, India.

The present study is aimed to evaluate hydrogeomorphology, lineaments and landuse/landcover aspects of the study area using the IRS-IC & ID images. The false colour composition of IRS-IC & ID images are used for this study. It is advantageous to use satellite multispectral data as the image data in different bands can be exposed to digital improvement techniques. So the differences in objects can be highlighted to enhance the understanding of the image. Landforms are interpreted on the basis of interpretation element keys such as- tone, texture, size, shape, color etc. and extract the specific information from the false color composited LISS-III sensor images. Field observations showed that ground water occurs under unconfined conditions with water table at shallow to great depth. The lineament density map to be prepared to understand the impacts on groundwater percolation. The hydrogeomorphology, Lineament and Landuse/landcover maps are overlaid to trace groundwater potential zones. An integrated remote sensing and geographic Information System (GIS) based approach has been used for demarcating groundwater potential zones. Remote sensing techniques have been used to describe the hydrogeomorphology, land use / land cover and the lineaments of the study area using SPOT and IRS – I D visual products. Based on this the detailed descriptions of geomorphic features of the area are traced. Great emphasis is also given to the study of lineament pattern of the study area, the land use and land cover.

Assessment of groundwater quality in hard rock aquifer of central Telangana state for drinking and agriculture purposes

Quality assessment of groundwater for drinking and irrigation was evaluated in parts of Nalgonda district of Telangana state, India. The overall groundwater quality and the suitability to drinking and irrigation were evaluated by hydrochemical analysis of 78 groundwater samples. The water quality parameters were compared with that of the limits set by World Health Organisation (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Groundwater is found to be contaminated by fluoride and nitrate ions. The water quality indices (WQI) suggest that during pre-monsoon, 72.5% samples are suitable for drinking while 86.8% are suitable during post-monsoon. Indicators like sodium absorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity (EC), percent of sodium (Na %), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), magnesium ratio (MR), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), salinity hazard (SH), potential salinity (PS), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), and magnesium ratio (MR) were estimated for assessing the irrigation suitability of the groundwater samples. Wilcox, United States Salinity Laboratory diagrams (USSL diagram) and Doneen’s chart infer that most of the samples are suitable for irrigation purpose and the suitability improves during post-monsoon. The geochemical evolution of the groundwater was also studied using Piper’s and Chadha’s diagrams. The major facies found in groundwater are Na–Mg–HCO3–Cl, Na–Mg–HCO3, Na–HCO3, Mg–Ca–HCO3, Mg–Na–HCO3 and Na–Cl. Rock-water interaction, ion exchange and evaporite dissolution were found to be the major geochemical processes governing the groundwater chemistry.

Study to assess knowledge, perception and practices regarding Swachh Bharat Abhiyan among rural people of Nalgonda district in Telangana state

Background: Swachh Bharat Mission was launched by our Hon. Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi on October 2, 2014 with Mahatma Gandhi as the inspiration, to create a clean India of his dream by 2019, on his 150th birth anniversary. The basic objective is to create sanitation facilities for all and eliminate completely the unhealthy practice of open defecation. This study is conducted to assess knowledge, perception and practices regarding Swachh Bharat Abhiyan among rural people.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 328 subjects of rural area with a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire in order to assess their knowledge, perception and practices regarding Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software.Results: In our study, it was found that 62.2% have heard about SBA and 82.84% of them have identified both the objectives of SBA. 81.8% of the literates felt that people must actively participate in SBA and this was statistically significant. 26.52% were defecating in the open field, 69.81% were using soap and water for hand washing after defecation and 34.75% of the subjects were disposing solid waste in community bins.Conclusions: Though most of the people were having positive perception only 25.98% have participated in SBA activities and main source of information was found to be television and newspaper. The proportion of people disposing solid waste in community bins and using soap and water for hand washing was significantly higher among people who were aware about SBA.

Awareness and perception regarding female foeticide among adolescents in rural community of Nalgonda district, Telangana

Background: Female foeticide is perhaps one of the worst forms of violence against women where a woman is denied her most basic and fundamental right i.e. “the right to life”. Exorbitant dowry demand is one of the main reasons for female infanticide and other reasons include belief that it is only the son who can perform the last rites, that lineage and inheritance runs through the male line, sons will look after parents in old age, men are bread winners etc. The present study was aimed to assess the awareness & perception regarding female foeticide among adolescents in rural community.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 school students with a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire in order to assess the awareness & perception regarding female foeticide among adolescents. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software.Results: Majority (52.5%) of the study subjects were males. Majority (70%) of the subjects could define foeticide. Boys have better knowledge than girls regarding current sex ratio (21%), state position(20%) and district position(33.3%).The most common reasons for not preferring girl child were not carrying family name and burden to the family. Major source of information was social media.Conclusions: This study reveals that there is considerable scope for spreading awareness to youth about this social malady with medical implications. This will not only change the perception and behaviour of future generation, but motivated adolescents can also influence the families and communityation.

Calcrete Geochemistry in identifying Kimberlite Lamproite Exploration Targets -A case study from Nalgonda district, Telangana, southern India

Calcrete Geochemistry in identifying Kimberlite Lamproite Exploration Targets -A case study from Nalgonda district, Telangana, southern India

English

English

Fluoride Alters Serum Elemental (Calcium, Magnesium, Copper, and Zinc) Homeostasis Along with Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Fluorosis Endemic Villages and Restores on Supply of Safe Drinking Water in School-Going Children of Nalgonda District, India.

The present study aimed to determine the serum trace elements (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg)) along with erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity and effect of intervention with safe drinking water for 5years in the school children of fluorosis endemic area. For this purpose, three categories of villages were selected based on drinking water fluoride (F): Category I (control, F = 1.68mg/L), category II (affected F = 3.77mg/L), and category III (intervention village) where initial drinking water F was 4.51mg/L, and since the last 5years, they were drinking water containing < 1.0mg/L F. The results revealed that urinary F was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in category II compared to categories I and III. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum Cu and Mg was observed in category II compared to category I. Serum Zn and Ca was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in categories II and III compared to category I. The erythrocyte CA activity was decreased in the category II compared to category I. However, in the category III, erythrocyte CA activity was comparable to the control group. In conclusion, F exposure altered elemental homeostasis which has restored to some extent on intervention by safe drinking water for 5years in school-going children.

Dose-dependent effect of fluoride on clinical and subclinical indices of fluorosis in school going children and its mitigation by supply of safe drinking water for 5years: an Indian study.

Fluorosis is a public health problem in India; to know its prevalence and severity along with its mitigation measures is very important. The present study has been undertaken with the aim to assess the F dose-dependent clinical and subclinical symptoms of fluorosis and reversal of the disease by providing safe drinking water. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was undertaken in 1934 schoolgoing children, Nalgonda district. Study villages were categorized into control (category I, F = 0.87mg/L), affected (category II, F = 2.53mg/L, and category III, F = 3.77mg/L), and intervention categories (category IV, F = < 1.0mg/L). School children were enrolled for dental grading by modified Dean Index criteria. Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were used to assess nutritional status of the children. The biochemical parameters like serum T3, T4, TSH, PTH, ALP, 25-OH vitamin D, and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D were analyzed. The results showed a positive correlation between the drinking water and urinary fluoride (UF) in different categories. However, there was a significant decrease in the UF levels in the intervention category IV compared to affected group (category III). Fluoride altered the clinical (dental fluorosis and stunting) and subclinical indices (urine and blood) of fluorosis in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the biochemical indices were altered in a dose-dependent manner and intervention with safe drinking water for 5years in intervention group-mitigated clinical and subclinical symptoms of fluorosis.

Mineralogy of the Vattikod lamproite dykes, Ramadugu lamproite field, Nalgonda District, Telangana: A possible expression of ancient subduction-related alkaline magmatism along Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, India

ABSTRACTThe mineralogy of nine recently discovered dykes (VL1:VL8 and VL10) in the vicinity of Vattikod village, Nalgonda district in Telangana State is described. The mineral assemblage present and their compositions are comparable to those of bona fide lamproites in terms of the presence of phlogopite (Ti-rich, Al-poor phlogopite and tetraferriphlogopite); amphiboles (potassic-arfvedsonite, potassic-richterite, potassic-ferro-richterite, potassic-katophorite, Ti-rich potassic-katophorite, Ti-rich potassic-magnesio-katophorite); Al-poor clinopyroxenes; feldspars (K-feldspar, Ba-K-feldspar and Na-feldspar) and spinels (chromite-magnetite and qandilite-ulvöspinel-franklinite). These dykes have undergone diverse and significant degrees of deuteric alteration as shown by the formation of secondary phases such as: titanite, allanite, hydro-zircon, calcite, chlorite, quartz and cryptocrystalline SiO2. On the basis of their respective mineralogy: the VL4 and VL5 dykes are classified as pseudoleucite-phlogopite lamproite; VL2 and VL3 dykes as pseudoleucite-amphibole-lamproite; and VL6, VL7 and VL8 as pseudoleucite-phlogopite-amphibole-lamproite. VL10 is extensively altered but contains fresh euhedral apatite microphenocrysts together with pseudomorphs after leucite and is classified as a pseudoleucite-apatite-(phlogopite?) lamproite. The mineralogy of the Vattikod lamproite dykes is compared with that of the Ramadugu, Somavarigudem and Yacharam lamproite dykes which also occur in the Ramadugu lamproite field. The lamproites from the Eastern Dharwar Craton are considered as being possible expressions of ancient subduction-related alkaline magmatism along the Eastern Ghats mobile belt.

Petrology and geochemistry of granites in and around Narketpalle Mandal, Nalgonda District, T.S., India

Petrology and geochemistry of granites in and around Narketpalle Mandal, Nalgonda District, T.S., India

Ethnobotanical Studies of Peddagattu and Sherepally Area – a Proposed Site for Uranium Mining Project, Nalgonda District, Telangana State, India

Ethnobotanical Studies of Peddagattu and Sherepally Area – a Proposed Site for Uranium Mining Project, Nalgonda District, Telangana State, India

Petrological Characteristics of the Peddavura Schist Belt and Adjacent Rocks in Eastern Dharwar Craton in Parts of Nalgonda District, Telangana State

The Peddavura greenstone Linear Belt, NW-SE trending, is formed in the Eastern part of the Dharwar Craton of south India, extended over 62.5 sq•km in Nalgonda and Guntur districts region. The entire belt is illustrated as Peninsular Gneiss. The Belt Study has attracted geologists for conducting further research to evaluate the crust forming process at the time of early volcanic eruption of Earth’s history. The South Indian Dharwar Craton depicts and exposes the crustal segments where geological activities took place consistently during the Precambrian. The PSB (Peddavura Schist Belt) mostly consists of meta volcanic (meta basalts), amphibolites, granites, dolerites, basaltic andesites, pegmatite and Banded Magnetite Quartzite’s (BMQ) rock types. The 20 represented rock samples made for thin section studies. Based on the Petrological studies minerals are showing uralitization, saussuritization in the granite with mylonite structures, perthite and dolerite are showing heavy metal such as rutile and other opaque minerals (Magnetite, hematite, and typical pyrite crystal) are present in different represented rock samples. The minerals are showing different alteration zones along with microstructures. Using the Petrological studies the minerals and rock types are identified in the study region.

Impact of Rearing Back Yard Poultry on the Food Security and Economic Status of SC/ST Families in Nalgonda District of Telangana State

Impact of Rearing Back Yard Poultry on the Food Security and Economic Status of SC/ST Families in Nalgonda District of Telangana State

Cement industry pollution and impact on public health in Nalgonda district of Telangana state

The cement industry is an energy intensive and significant contributor to climate change. The major environment health and safety issues associated with cement production are emissions to air and energy use. Cement manufacturing requires huge amount of non renewable resources like raw material and fossil fuels. From this point of view, human health takes an important role in cement production studies since many of the cement industry has direct and indirect effects on human health, especially in industrial cities. Producing the enormous amount of respiratory organics and in organics pollutant during the overall cement lifecycle. The present study focus on air pollution linked diseases among the people of sampling sites. Result determines the maximum incidence of respiratory problems. This study has highlighted the problem of environmental pollution and health risks of residents living near Penna and Deccan Cements factory, and its effect on the environment and the residents of the area.

&lt;b&gt;Ichthyofauna of Udayasamudram Reservoir in Nalgonda District, Telangana&lt;/b&gt;

The present paper discusses about the diversity of fish fauna in Udayasamudram Reservoir in Nalgonda District, Telangana State, India. Surveys were conducted from March 2013 to February 2016, and fish specimens were collected to study the diversity. A total of 38 species of fishes belonging to seven orders, 15 families and 32 genera were identified. Order Cypriniformes dominated with 14 species followed by Perciformes with 10 species, Siluriformes with nine species, Beloniformes with two species, Osteoglossiformes, Synbranchiformes and Anguilliformes with one species each. The result of this study revealed that Udayasamudram reservoir supports diverse fish population. Therefore, it needs proper management and utilization of fish wealth. We present the checklist of Ichthyofauna of Udayasamudram reservoir fort the first time.