Nalgonda District Research Articles

Land and Asset Inequality Among Social Groups

This article attempts to examine the changing distributional structure of land among various social groups at the micro-level and its implications on inequality among various social group households. Our research focusses on a case study—Gudivada village located in Nalgonda district in Telangana to understand the changes that have taken place in the landholding pattern and ensuing inequality among social groups in the studied time. The social groups have been categorised as Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and Other Castes (OCs), respectively. The study found that there is a prevalence of inequality in the distribution of land among social groups which later has decreased. The landholding patten in the village has changed from being dominated by OCs to now OBCs, increasing their landholding. However, no significant growth was seen in the area owned by SCs and STs over the same period. Similarly, the decomposition of asset inequality in the studied village revealed a clear distinction between within and between social groups, that is inequality based on the assets possession is higher of within social groups (assessing inequality among the population within a particular social groups such as SCs, STs, OBCs or OCs) compared to between social groups (assessing inequality among the population between social groups such as between SCs and STs or between OBCs and OCs and so on).

Geotechnical Investigation and Monitoring of Underground Excavation of Tunnel-2 in Srisailam Left Bank Canal Tunnel Project (AMRP), Nalgonda District, Telangana, India

Construction stage geotechnical investigation for tunnels within rocks includes detailed engineering geological mapping of excavated strata and its subsequent rock mass classification for the purpose of selection and installation of suitable supports. Monitoring of ground deformations during excavation of rock tunnels serves as the principal means of verifying the design of tunnel supports and stability of the excavation. Geology of the area comprises of Archean gneissic complex with basic intrusives overlain unconformably by the Srisailam Quartzites. The contact of basic intrusives with granite reaches was expected to be fractured and sheared and identified as adverse geological conditions and may warrant instrumental monitoring. In this work, the underground excavation of Srisailam Left Bank Canal (SLBC) Tunnel2, excavated in the Archean gneisses and granites was mapped by face mapping and 3D geological logging on 1:250 scale during construction stage, for the entire length of 7121Mresulting in identification of Chainages 2776M, 3200M and 4170M for field monitoring. Field instrumentation comprising of MPBX/SPBX, Load cells were installed at the adverse locations. The ground deformations were found to have attained stability with the installation of primary supports comprising shotcrete 50MM thick and pattern rock bolts 4M long full grouted for Rock Mass Class III (Fair Rock), shotcrete 100MM thick and pattern rock bolts)/ Steel Ribs with back fill concrete for Rock Mass Class IV and V(Poor Rock and Very Poor Rock). Keywords: Geological Investigation, Rock Mass Classification, Excavation Monitoring, Ground Deformation, Tunnels, Nalgonda District

Performance of the MGNREGA Programme in Telangana State: With Special Reference to Nalgonda District

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a flagship programme by the government of India started on February 2, 2006. As per the scheme, each rural household gets 100 days of guaranteed employment (unskilled work) every year. Although the major objective of this scheme is to provide livelihood security for rural households, it also facilitates the creation as well as maintenance of rural infrastructure, employment generation and reduces migration to cities and towns for work. This paper is an attempt to overview the performance of MGNREGA on employment generation, migration, disbursement of payments, average income etc., in Nalgonda district. To perform the objective of the paper primary data and secondary data has been analysed. The finding of the study reveals that MGNREGA play an important role in employment generation, the gap between the registered candidates and employed candidates can be found and its impact on migration through the sample survey in the Nalgonda district.

Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in and around Nalgonda District, Telangana, India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Among the endocrine disorders, thyroid disorders are the most common. Long term and excessive intake of fluoride plays a significant role in the development of thyroid disorders. Nalgonda is one of the highly drought-prone districts in Southern India and its groundwater has 10 to 15 parts per million (ppm) of fluoride in contrast to a maximum permitted level of just 1.5 ppm. The entire Nalgonda division is under the threat of fluorosis due to high concentration of fluoride in the drinking water. Aim: To assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders in and around areas of Nalgonda district, Telangana, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Nalgonda, Telangana, India, from December 2021 to May 2022. Total 391 subjects attending Outpatient Department (OPD) of General Medicine, Nalgonda were included in the study. Samples were analysed for thyroid function tests (total T3,T4, thyroid stimulating hormone) by chemiluminiscence immuno assay method in an Abbott architect ci4100 automated analyser. Statistical analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and results were expressed as prevalence percentages, mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Results: In the present study, the mean age was 39.5±20.506 years. Out of the total participants, 273 (69.8%) subjects were found to be euthyroid and 118 (30.2%) had thyroid disorders. Among 30.2% subjects with thyroid disorders, 32 (8.2%) were hypothyroid, 19 (4.9%) were hyperthyroid, 54 (13.8%) were having subclinical hypothyroidism, 13 (3.3%) were having subclinical hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of thyroid disorders was higher in females compared with males, with the ratio of 3:1 and females contributing to major disease burden. Conclusion: According to this study, prevalence of thyroid disorders was 30.2% with more disease burden in females. Subclinical hypothyroidism contributes to the major disease burden.

Forced Tenancy as a Trajectory of Tenant Farmers’ Suicides: A Study of Two Mandals in Nalgonda District (Telangana)

Forced Tenancy as a Trajectory of Tenant Farmers’ Suicides: A Study of Two Mandals in Nalgonda District (Telangana)

Radiological Risk Assessment due to Radon and thoron in the Dwellings of Peddamula Village, Nalgonda District, Telangana, India

Radiological Risk Assessment due to Radon and thoron in the Dwellings of Peddamula Village, Nalgonda District, Telangana, India

Assessment of Improved Short Duration Rice Varieties in Nagarjunasagar Ayacut Area of Nalgonda District, Telangana

Assessment of Improved Short Duration Rice Varieties in Nagarjunasagar Ayacut Area of Nalgonda District, Telangana

Constraints Perceived by the Rural Youth in Adoption of ARYA Project (Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture) Interventions in Telangana State, India

Realizing the prominent role of rural youth in agricultural development especially from the point of view of food security of the country, ICAR has initiated a scheme on "Attracting and Retaining of Youth in Agriculture (ARYA)". This project was launched by the Prime Minister on the foundation day of ICAR in 2015 and implemented through Krishi Vigyan Kendras in 25 states of the country. Under this scheme, special efforts will be taken to attract the rural youth under the age of 35years in agriculture and allied sector so the increase in the migration of rural youth towards cities can be controlled. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kampasagar will be the locale of the study because initially ARYA project was implemented through KVKs in 25 states of the country. In Telangana, Nalgonda is the only district in which this project was initiated in 2015. In Nalgonda district, under KVK Kampasagar 60 respondents (beneficiaries of ARYA Project) were selected purposively to study the constraints faced by the beneficiaries in adoption of ARYA interventions. Garrett ranking technique was used to rank the constraints in order of their influence in adopting the ARYA interventions.

Impact of Alimineti Madhava Reddy Lift Irrigation Scheme on Gender in Nalgonda District of Telangana, India

Access to water is a major concern and challenge for many rural households, whether for drinking and domestic use, irrigation, or livestock use. Women face various challenges and unequal opportunities when it comes to accessing and utilising irrigation technologies. The climatic factors like rainfall, temperature and groundwater influence the availability of water which is crucial factor in agricultural production. The present study analyses the impact of irrigation on gender. 700 households, 350 each from beneficiary and non-beneficiary households of Alimineti Madhava Reddy lift irrigation project in Telangana were selected using random sampling technique and data was collected specifically from women using pre-tested structured schedule. The results from the study revealed that the overall GILIT score of 41 represents that scheme approach to gender equity is good. It is also found that among beneficiaries percentage of decisions taken by women in the household in all the decisions such as production, marketing, social and economic decisions are higher compared to non-beneficiaries which can be accounted to the improvement of literacy rate of women, thereby empowering them which can be accounted to the raise in household income levels due to the additional productivity achieved by the intervention of lift irrigation project. Adequate consultations in future projects targeting a proactive approach towards men and women equally and trainings for women in managing inputs like water, livestock must be exclusively designed on production, value addition, health and money management aspects to impact of the project on socio economic development.

Characterisation of Calcareous Soils in Mahboobnagar and Nalgonda District of Telangana State

A survey was conducted in the year 2019-20 in old Mahboobnagar and Nalgonda district of Telangana state to study the characters of calcareous soils, based on effervescence with dilute.HCL the samples were collected and were analysed for its characters. Majority of soils collected were medium to high in CaCO3 status. All the soils collected were alkaline to highly alkaline in reaction. Soils were low to medium in available nitrogen and phosphorus content. The average pH, N, P2O5, K2O value recorded in these soils were 8.49, 77.19 kg ha-1, 6.215 kg ha-1, 72.88 kg ha-1 respectively. The main objective of the study is to know the properties of Calcareous soil and also to study the effect of calcium carbonate on the different properties of soil and therefore acorrelation study was conducted which reported that there is significant positive relationship is seen between CaCO3 content and pH and significant negative relationship is seen between CaCO3 content and available N and P2O5 in soil. No significant relationship is seen between CaCO3 content and EC and OC values.

Popularization of improved short-duration Rice variety Telangana Sona (RNR 15048) through Frontline Demonstrations in Nalgonda District, Telangana

Frontline demonstrations on rice (275 No) were carried out by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kampasagar during four Kharif seasons 2016 to 2019 in Nalgonda District, Southern Telangana Zone under Left Canal Nagarjuna Sagar Project command area with the main objective of assessing the performance of improved short duration rice variety Telangana Sona (RNR 1504) with latest crop production and protection technologies against farmer’s practice. The improved practice comprised of improved short-duration rice variety RNR 15048, seed treatment, nursery management, recommended cultural practices at the time of transplanting, application of recommended dosage of fertilizers, adopted need-based production and protection measures that resulted in significantly higher yield (6790 kg ha-1) with 12.0 percent increase yield in demonstration plots over the farmer’s practice (6048 kg ha-1) during four-year study period. The technology gap ranged between 0 to 350 kg ha-1 with a mean of 210 kg ha-1. The lowest extension gap (518 kg ha-1) was observed in kharif 2019 and it was the highest (1050 kg ha-1) in kharif 2018. The average extension gap was 742 kg ha-1and the technology index was in the range of 0.0 to 5.0% with a mean of 3.0%. The demonstrations recorded a higher gross return Rs. 1,18,815 ha-1 with a profitability of Rs. 67,190 ha-1 and additional net return Rs. 19,167.0 ha-1 as compared to farmer’s practice. The mean benefit-cost ratio was 2.3 in demonstrations over the farmer’s practice 1.8. The results based on a comparison between demonstrations and farmers' practice indicated that the yield, gross returns, net income, and benefit-cost ratio in frontline demonstrations were higher than in the local farmer’s practice. The Farmers practice recorded lower yields and incurred higher expenditure as farmers used local varieties, applied overdose of fertilizers, and indiscriminate use of pesticides, spending more money on managing the pests and diseases.

Factors influencing road traffic accidents causing maxillofacial injuries in Nalgonda District: prospective survey of 366 cases.

Road traffic accidents are the leading etiological factor for maxillofacial trauma in India. The incidence of these accidents is impacted by various cultural, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors the understanding of which is paramount in assessing their importance in influencing the incidence of maxillofacial injuries. Data was collected via a questionnaire from 366 patients who reported with maxillofacial injuries due to Road Traffic Accidents to the casualty and maxillofacial OPD at a tertiary center in the Nalgonda District over a five-year period. Data collected included patient details, type of vehicle involved, speed of the vehicle, type of accident, location of the accident, the seating of the patient, presence of alcohol influence, usage of helmet or seatbelt and the injuries sustained by the patient. Statistical analysis was done using Chi squared test. 88.5%of the patients were male and 87.4% of the cases were injured in RTA involving two-wheeler vehicles. (50.3%) of the accidents took place between 6 pm to 12 am. 41.5% of cases reported their speed at the time of the accident as 40- 60 kmph. 42% of accidents were reported as skid accidents. 70.29% of accidents on rural roads occurred at night (between 6 pm and 6 am) as opposed to 29.71% during the day. Only 4.37% of cases reported wearing seatbelts or helmets. 51.17% of the participants who were driving reported or were observed as being under the influence of alcohol. The poor conditions of the roads, the lack of use of protective measures while driving, and the high incidence of driving under the influence of alcohol were seen to be the most significant contributing factors to road traffic accidents causing maxillofacial injuries in the Nalgonda population.

Front Line Demonstration of Paddy Drum Seeder (8 Row) under Well Irrigated Rice in Nalgonda District, Telangana

Front line demonstration was conducted on drum seeding technology the farmers, assessment of drum seeder implement was done with the assistance of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kampasagar, Nalgonda under Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana for consequently three years during Kharif, from 2018-19 to 2020-21. The comparison was made between drum seeding technology and manual transplanting with an objective to reduction of cost of cultivation and subsequently increase farmer’s net returns. Frontline Demonstrations revealed that, there were more number of tillers (395) and panicles (370)/m2 in direct seeded technology with drum seeder compared to farmer’s practice (365 and 346/ m2). Drum seeder technology influence plant height (68.2cm), number of tillers/m2 (395) and yield attributes viz., Number panicles m-2 (370), length of panicle (16.9 cm) and Number of grains / panicle (182). Direct seeded technology with drum seeder has recorded higher grain yield (6,512 kg ha-1) which was 6.4 per cent over farmer’s practice (6,094 kg ha-1) with a net saving of Rs. 8,990/- on the cost of cultivation ha-1. The Gross returns and net returns (Rs.1, 20,795and Rs. 69, 265/ha) by the drum seeder method were more compared to farmer’s practice (Rs.1, 13,036/ha and Rs. 52, 516/ha).

Isolation and Characterization of Two PHA Producing Strains Isolated from Soil Sample of Nalgonda District

Two whitish-colored gram-positive strains producing Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) were isolated from a soil sample from Nalgonda district in the Telangana state of India. With the help of Sudan black B staining, ten isolates with lipids, which showed bluish black color were selected from twenty-six bacterial strains which were selected randomly and purified from the serial diluted plate. Among ten isolates, 3D1 and 3D10 isolates were confirmed with Nile blue A and Nile Red staining for their PHA granules producing capacity. These two isolates grew optimally at a temperature of 37°C and a pH of 9. Furthermore, these strains were able to resist NaCl up to 10%, whereas, optimum NaCl required for the growth of 3D1 was 2%, but optimum NaCl required for the growth of 3D10 was shown to be 4%. PHAs produced by the two strains, 3D1 and 3D10, were extracted and quantified, which produced 68% PHA with a polymer concentration of 4.902 g/L and 61% PHA with a polymer concentration of 4.023 g/L, respectively. Biochemical, Morphological and Molecular characterization were performed on these two isolates. These two strains, 3D1 and 3D10, were closely related to Bacillus sonorensis with similarity of 99.51% and Bacillus safensis subsp. safensis with similarity of 99.66%, respectively. The 16S rDNA gene sequences of these two isolates were submitted to the NCBI Gene bank and the accession numbers were also sought.

Problems in the Adoption of Climate-Resilient Technologies by the Farmers of Telangana State, India

Climate change refers to significant changes in global temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns. Climate change hasa serious impact on the natural resources available on the earth. Climate change adversely affects human health and quality of life. A majority of the population depends on agriculture directly or indirectly and it is more vulnerable to climate change. To mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, climate-resilient agriculture has become a boon to the farmers in areas that are vulnerable to climatic effects like drought, floods, etc., National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), is a project launched by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) with the aim to enhance the resilience of Indian agriculture to climate change and climate variability through strategic research and technology demonstrations. Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) is the main implementing agency of NICRA. With the help of KVKs, the interventions of NICRA were accessible throughout the country. The present study was conducted in the Nalgonda district and Khammam district of Telangana. The ex-post-facto research design was used for the study. A sample of 120 respondents from NICRA implemented villages and 60 farmers from non-NICRA implemented villages were selected randomly for the study. The major problems in the adoption of CRA technologies were limited knowledge of CRA technologies (91.66%) followed by inadequate trainings regarding climate-resilient practices (90.00%),inadequate weather based agro advisory services (88.33%), limited outreach of extension services about climate-resilient technologies to (76.66%), non -availability of required implements in custom hiring centres at the time of heavy demand (73.33%), etc., In case of non-NICRA implemented villages, the major problems faced by the respondents were lack of confidence among the farmers to adopt the new CRA technologies due to the fear of failure (93.33%), lack of awareness on climate-resilient technologies among non-NICRA farmers (90.00%), Difficulty in the understanding of CRA technology (86.67%), adoption of CRA technologies demand more resources like water, labour and money (83.33%), less number of need-based training on CRA technologies (75.00%), lack of access to improved crop varieties and other inputs (70.00%), etc.

Resource Use Efficiency in Paddy Cultivation: A Comparative Study of Telangana Sona and Chintu Varieties in Nalgonda District of Telangana State of India

The present study was undertaken to assess the resource use efficiency in the cultivation of the rice variety, Telangana Sona. A total sample of 120 farmers from 6 villages of three mandals in Nalgonda district of Telangana was selected. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis was used to study resource use efficiency. The results of the study revealed that in the cultivation of Telangana Sona, human labor, machinery, and fertilizers were underutilized and there is a scope for maximizing returns by increasing the use of these inputs. The Marginal Value Product (MVP) was less than one for costs incurred on plant protection chemicals, which means that the resource was over-utilized i.e. decrease in the use of this input is suggested. The study recommends the reallocation of resources for profitable rice cultivation.

A Study on Price Spread and Marketing Efficiency of Fish Marketing in Nalgonda, Suryapet and Yadadri Bhuvanagiri Districts of Telangana

Aim: To analyze the price spread and marketing efficiency in marketing of fish in Nalgonda, Suryapet and Yadadri Bhuvanagiri districts of Telangana state.
 Study Design: The study was conducted in Nalgonda, Suryapet and Yadadri Bhuvanagiri districts of Telangana state during the year 2019-20. Nalgonda district was purposively selected as it has highest area under fish farming in Telangana. Suryapet and Yadadri Bhuvanagiri districts were part of undivided Nalgonda district before formation of new districts in Telangana in 2016. Hence, they were also included in the study.
 Methodology: A sample of 60 fish farmers and 30 market intermediaries were randomly selected for the study. Primary data was collected from respondents using pre-tested questionnaire by survey method. Price spread, producers share in consumer rupee and marketing efficiency of fish were computed.
 Results: Three marketing channels were found prominent for marketing of fish viz., Channel 1 (Fish farmer ⇨ Commission Agent/Trader ⇨ Wholesaler at Hyderabad ⇨ Retailer at Hyderabad ⇨ Consumer), Channel 2 (Fish farmer ⇨ Commission Agent/Trader ⇨ Wholesaler at Kolkata ⇨ Retailer at Kolkata ⇨ Consumer) and Channel 3 (Fish farmer ⇨ Commission Agent/Trader ⇨ Vendor ⇨ Consumer). Among the three channels, Channel 3 was found highly efficient with marketing efficiency of 2.04% followed by Channel 1 (1.80%) and least for Channel 2 (1.33%).
 Conclusion: Encouraging fish farmers to form into Co-operatives or Fish Farmer Producer Organization and bringing awareness in producers and consumers on daily prices of various fish species will help in developing the marketing of fish.

Groundwater Quality Appraisal through Water Quality Index and Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment from Nellikal Watershed of Nalgonda District, Telangana, India

Groundwater Quality Appraisal through Water Quality Index and Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment from Nellikal Watershed of Nalgonda District, Telangana, India

Evaluation of Sensory and Nutritional Quality of Leucas aspera Leaf Powder Incorporated Millet based Ready to Eat (RTE) Snack

Background: Since last few years, there was a drastic change in the food habits and cooking methods. Ready to eat (RTE) products usage was highly increased in the last five years due their convenience, price, attractiveness, taste, texture and appearance. Consumption of convenience foods with health benefits attracted many sections of the population. Jowar is a millet with potential health benefits. Leucas aspera is a traditional green leafy vegetable available in entire India. Instead of regular murukku, jowar murukku with addition of an underutilised green leafy vegetable (Leucas aspera) adds variety, improve palatability and health. Leucas aspera leaf powder incorporated jowar murukku was developed and evaluated for sensory and nutritional qualities. Methods: The work was done in the year 2020-2021. The leaves are collected from the Nalgonda district of Telangana state. After the preliminary processing, the dried leaf powder is added to jowar murukku in different formulations. The best selected formulation is analysed for both sensory and nutritional quality. Result: The results of the study found that addition of leaf powder improved the sensory quality, protein, crude fiber, vitamin, mineral and antioxidant content of the jowar murukku than the control sample.

Mineralogy of the Marepalli lamproite dyke from the Nalgonda district, Telangana, Southern India

AbstractThe Marepalli dyke of the Vattikod cluster of the Ramadugu Lamproite Field, Nalgonda district, Telangana, India consists of pseudomorphed leucite, phlogopite (Al-poor, Ti-rich zoned phlogopite micas), pseudomorphed olivine, fluorapatite and Al-poor diopside embedded in groundmass consisting mainly of poikilitic Fe-rich titanian phlogopite and potassic amphibole. Other groundmass minerals are Al-Na-poor diopside, Al-poor spinels (titanian magnesian chromites to titanian chromites), Sr-rich fluorapatite and late-stage interstitial anhedral crystals of titanite and K-feldspar. The late-stage deuteric minerals present are REE-rich allanite, pyrite, magnetite, chalcopyrite, galena, hydro-zircon, carbonates (calcite, witherite and strontianite), baryte and cryptocrystalline SiO2. Apatite is an early crystallising phase and is present as inclusions in phlogopite and pyroxene. Phlogopite and amphibole occur as inclusions in titanite and K-feldspar. The compositional trends of phlogopite are of almost constant Al2O3 content with FeOT and TiO2 enrichment, and are typical of lamproitic micas. The FeOT enrichment is accompanied additionally by MgO depletion (reflecting VIFe2+ enrichment) from core to rim together with a slight increase in the tetraferric iron component. Diopside is characterised by <0.4 wt.% alumina and <0.6 wt.% sodium contents and exhibits typical lamproitic affinity. The spinels are alumina-poor with un-evolved titanian magnesian chromite to titanian chromite compositions. The presence of K-richterite, as an abundant amphibole, indicates a lamproite affinity, and on the basis of the typomorphic mineralogy, this rock is classified as a ‘pseudoleucite-amphibole-phlogopite lamproite’. The Marepalli lamproite shows significant difference in compositional ranges of phlogopite, amphibole, pyroxene and spinel in comparison to those reported from the Vattikod, Gundrapalli, Ramadugu, Somavarigudem and Yacharam lamproites of Ramadugu Lamproite Field. These lamproites are considered to form from a common parent magma under reducing conditions as evidenced from: (1) low tetraferric iron content in phlogopite; (2) low Fe3+# and Ti# in spinels; and (3) high F content in phlogopite and apatite.