Abstract
The study area is located in and around Nalgonda town in Nalgonda district, Telangana state. For the detailed investigation of the groundwater condition of a part of this district and covers an area of about 2880 sq.km. in Narkatpalli, Chityal, Katangur, Nakrekaletc. mandals have been selected. Survey of India toposheets on 56 0/4, 0/8, P/1, P/5, Scale - 1: 50,000, IRS ID LISS III satellite imagery using remote sensing and G.I.S. techniques. A detailed study is carried out by classifying the wells into four categories. The groundwater regime with reference to depth water table fluctuation has been evaluated in the study area. The deeper wells mainly occur or observed to occur in the central and southeastern parts of the study area whereas the shallow wells are confined to northern, eastern and southeastern parts of the study area. Also the drainage pattern is observed as medium to coarse textured and dendritic to subdendritic type, which is characteristic of hard rock terrain and develops in regions of homogeneity. The field data provides the information about the depth to water table, and fluctuation of the groundwater. The best suitable areas identified were mainly in shallow valley fill is mostly composed of sandy material, which are generally good to excellent of groundwater prospects. Most of the area posed good groundwater recharge capacity. Based on these studies on lineament density map of the entire study area has been prepared indicating areas of high, moderate and low density lineaments. The important observation is that the deeper wells are having low fluctuation whereas the shallow wells are characterised by high fluctuation and high density lineaments. To study the hydrogeological conditions in the area, field investigations were carried out and 94 wells were inventoried. Groundwater occurs in the study area under water table and semi-confined conditions limited to weathered and fractured zones. The zone of weathering ranges from 0 m (near inselbergs) to 17 m. The joints and fractures, which act as conduits for the movement of groundwater are responsible for the good yield of water from the wells.
Highlights
Groundwater forms a very little quantity when compared to the total water available on the earth
Since these Archaean group of rocks are practically devoid of primary porosity, the occurrence and movement of groundwater are mainly controlled by the nature, degree and depth of weathering and influenced by the presence of secondary structures like fractures, Geomorphologically this category of wells confined to the plain areas and majority of wells are located in all the places of the study area of the undulating areas
Majority of the wells belonging to this category are showing an average water table depth of 8.0 mbgl -12.0 mbgl Geomorphologically all the wells are belonging to this category are located in all the places of the study area, which is characterized as undulating plain
Summary
Groundwater forms a very little quantity when compared to the total water available on the earth. It is vital for all living beings especially human beings. Groundwater is an important natural resource, especially in those parts of the country that don’t have ample surface-water sources, such as the arid west of India. The study area falls under semi-arid tract and receives scanty rainfall and has limited groundwater resources. It has a limited number of minor irrigation tanks, which rarely get filled. Especially excess of fluoride concentration in groundwater, is a major concern in the study area. In as many as 1122 habitations in Ranga Reddy and Nalgonda districts, fluorosis is prevalent and they have fluoride content in excess of 1.5 mg/l drinking water
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