N-doped Carbon Nanospheres Research Articles

Amino-1H-tetrazole-regulated high-density nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres for long-life Zn-air batteries.

High-density nitrogen-doped porous carbon catalysts have been regarded as promising alternatives to precious metals in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and metal–air batteries based on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We herein synthesized high-density pyridinic and graphitic N-doped hollow carbon nanospheres (G&P N-HCS) using a high-yield amino-1H-tetrazole (ATTZ) via a self-sacrificial-template method. The synthesized G&P N-HCS shows a high N content (15.2 at%), in which pyridinic (Pr) and graphitic (Gr) N are highly reactive for the ORR catalysis. We found that the half-wave potential and limiting current density of G&P N-HCS are comparable to the state-of-the-art Pt/C, whereas its cyclic durability is much superior to that of Pt/C. Experimental results indicate that an optimal ratio (1 : 1) between Gr N and Pr N in G&P N-HCS exhibits the highest ORR performances, rather than Gr N-dominated N-HCS or Pr N-dominated N-HCS. Notably, N-HCS containing only Gr N and Pr N has poor catalytic performance for ORR in alkaline electrolytes. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations untangle the catalytic nature of Pr and Gr N and decipher the relations between the N type(s) and total N content required for the ORR catalysis. This study provides a new way to design efficient N-doped porous carbon-enriched active sites, and solves the cathode catalyst in the commercialization of PEMFC and metal–air batteries.

High-Capacity, Dendrite-Free, and Ultrahigh-Rate Lithium-Metal Anodes Based on Monodisperse N-Doped Hollow Carbon Nanospheres.

To unlock the great potential of lithium metal anodes for high-performance batteries, a number of critical challenges must be addressed. The uncontrolled dendrite growth and volume changes during cycling (especially, at high rates) will lead to short lifespan, low Coulombic efficiency (CE), and security risks of the batteries. Here it is reported that Li metal anodes, employing the monodisperse, lithiophilic, robust, and large-cavity N-doped hollow carbon nanospheres (NHCNSs) as the host, show remarkable performances-high areal capacity (10mAhcm-2), high CE (up to 99.25% over 500 cycles), complete suppression of dendrite growth, dense packing of Li anode, and an extremely smooth electrode surface during repeated Li plating/stripping. In symmetric cells, a highly stable voltage hysteresis over a long cycling life >1200 h is achieved, and a low and stable voltage hysteresis can be realized even at an ultrahigh current density of 64mAcm-2. Furthermore, the NHCNSs-based anodes, when paired with a LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode in full cells, give rise to highly improved rate capability (104mAhg-1 at 10 C) and cycling stability (91.4% capacity retention for 200 cycles), enabling a promising candidate for the next-generation high energy/power density batteries.

High surface N-/O-doped microporous carbons for stable supercapacitor and carbon dioxide sorption applications

Abstract A series of N-/O-doped microporous carbon materials are prepared through the KOH activation of N-doped microporous carbon nanospheres (MCNs) directly prepared from the carbonization of as-prepared mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs). Different amounts of KOH are employed to prepare KOH-activated MCNs: MCN–nKOH (where n denotes the weight ratio of KOH to MCN). Compared to nonactivated N-doped MCN, the N-/O-doped MCN–nKOH series reveal superior gas uptake abilities. The MCN–2KOH sorbs 496.8 cm3 g−1 (22.17 mmol g−1) of CO2 at 196 K, 2.12 wt% (10.50 mmol g−1) of H2 at 77 K, and 185.5 cm3 g−1 (8.27 mmol g−1) of CH4 at 196 K. The electrochemical capacitive properties are evaluated by both 3-electrode and 2-electrode measurements. Compared to MCN, the MCN–nKOHs displays enhanced rate capabilities of capacitance. MCN–2KOH shows the highest specific capacitance of 459.6 F g−1 and maximum specific energy of 37.6 Wh kg−1 at 0.1 A g−1. It also exhibits high specific power of 53323 W kg−1 at 120 A g−1. The MCN–nKOH electrodes show superior electrochemical cycling stabilities up to 30000 cycles. The symmetric 2-electrode MCN–2KOH supercapacitor also displays high capacitance of 322.6 F g−1 and energy density of 14.8 Wh kg−1 at 0.1 A g−1.

Hierarchical CoSeS nanostructures assisted by Nb doping for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction

Metal doping for active sites exhibits remarkable potential for improving the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Multi-doping and the use of a conductive substrate can further modulate catalytic performance. Herein, Nb-CoSe well dispersed in N-doped carbon nanospheres (NCs, Nb-CoSe@NC) was synthesized to serve as a conductive substrate and facilitated good dispersion of active sites for the HER. Nb doping can also change the electronic structure of CoSe, which facilitates the activity for the HER. In order to further improve the conductivity and intrinsic activity of Nb-CoSe@NC, dual, nonmetal doping was realized through gas sulfurization to prepare hierarchical Nb-CoSeS@NC. The prepared Nb-CoSeS@NC, with a core-shell structure, exhibited a low overpotential of 115 mV at 10 mA cm–2, which is smaller than that of the most doped catalysts. In addition, NCs not only improved the dispersion and conductivity of the catalyst but also prevented metal corrosion in an electrolyte, thus facilitating the long-term stability of Nb-CoSeS@NC. Moreover, the synergistic effect of the multi-doping of Nb, S, and Se was explained. This work provides a promising, multi-doping strategy for the large-scale application of transition-metal-based electrocatalysts for the HER.

Facile synthesis of N-doped hollow carbon nanospheres wrapped with transition metal oxides nanostructures as non-precious catalysts for the electro-oxidation of hydrazine

In the present work, N-doped hollow carbon nanospheres (N-HCNSs) is prepared by direct carbonization of polyaniline-co-polypyrrole (PACP) hollow spheres without template needing. Two different NiO nanostructures (nanosheets and nanowires) are prepared by forming a shell around the N-HCNSs via simple hydrothermal/calcination processes ([email protected] and [email protected]). The morphology and structure of the nanostructures are characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared nanocomposites are used as catalysts for the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine. The electrocatalytic activities of different electrodes including GCE, N-HCNSs/GCE, NiO-NPs/GCE, [email protected]/GCE and [email protected]/GCE for hydrazine oxidation are compared using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The obtained results revealed significantly higher electroactive surface area (ECSA), higher catalytic activity, lower over-potential and better stability of [email protected]/GCE toward the hydrazine electro-oxidation. This observation can be related to the different parameters such as the unique nanowires structure with free pores and the enlarged specific surface area, high conductivity of N-HCNSs, and the synergistic effect between NiO and N-HCNSs.

Low cost Na2FeSiO4/H–N-doped hard carbon nanosphere hybrid cathodes for high energy and power sodium-ion supercapacitors

Na 2 FeSiO 4 (NFS)/H–N-doped hard carbon nanospheres (HN-HCNSs) hybrid cathodes have been synthesized by using ferrous gluconate as template and carbon source via sol-gel method for the first time. In the structure of this hybrid cathode, the ultrathin NFS nanosheets are uniformly anchored in the mesoporous network structure of HN-HCNSs coating, forming the fast conductive transport pathways for electrons and Na + -ions. The NFS/HN-HCNSs hybrid cathode shows a hybrid energy storage mechanism with high initial discharge capacity of 218.4 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C and in the voltage range of 1.2–4.6 V versus Na/Na + . It also shows excellent long-term cycling stability (the capacity retention rates of 73.8% at 1 C after the 3300 cycles and 56.8% at 5 C after the 750 cycles in the voltage range of 1.5–4.6 V). Moreover, the unique mesoporous carbon-coated structural features endow the hybrid cathode with a maximum energy density of 331.99 W h kg −1 and a maximum power density of 2431.87 W kg −1 within working voltage range of 1.5–4.6 V. • Na 2 FeSiO 4 /H–N-doped mesoporous hard carbon nanosphere hybrid cathodes was synthesized. • Ferrous gluconate template controlled the formation of mesoporous carbon-coated structure. • This structure gives a remarkable synergic effect of Na-ion battery-supercapacitor. • This hybrid electrode delivers high energy and power densities.

Graphitizing N-doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres via facile single atom iron growth for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction

Single atom catalyst is of great importance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, facile preparation of single atom catalyst without using well-designed precursors or labor-intensive acid leaching remains an urgent challenge. Herein, a simple pyrolysis of Fe3+-loaded mesoporous phenolic resin (mPF)-melamine precursor is used to prepare the single atom iron-anchored N-doped mesoporous graphitic carbon nanospheres (Fe/N-MGN). Investigation of the synthesis reveals the appropriate Fe-assisted catalysis effect and mPF template effect, which not only spurs the highly graphitic porous framework of Fe/N-MGN with plentiful pyridinic N/graphitic N, but also assures the dispersed single atom Fe anchoring without elaborated procedures. As a result, the as-synthesized Fe/N-MGN demonstrates high catalytic activity, good durability and excellent methanol tolerance for ORR. This work promises a facile method to regulate the graphitic carbon growth and single atom Fe loading for the highly efficient electrocatalysis.

MnO2 particles grown on the surface of N-doped hollow porous carbon nanospheres for aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries

The growing demand for energy storage devices leads to great interest in advanced batteries researches. Among them, aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries (ARZIBs) has attracted wide attention due to their low cost, simple manufacturing process and environmental friendliness. Here, we prepared a composite material, namely MnO2 particles grown on the surface of N-doped hollow porous carbon nanospheres, that is, combining hollow carbon material with metal oxides, and employed it as the cathode of ARZIBs. Owing to the synergistic merits of desirable structural features of manganese oxides and hollow porous carbon nanospheres, the composite material exhibited excellent performance for the storage of zinc ions, including high capacity of 206 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1, impressive rate capability of 103 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1 and superior cycling stability with the coulombic efficiency (capacity retention) of 98.3% over 650 cycles. The distinguished electrochemical behavior is attributed to the synergistic effects of desirable structural features of manganese oxides and hollow porous carbon nanospheres, which can be summed up as larger electron modified interface, high mass loading, and stable carbon-layer structure. These results demonstrate that the composite material could satisfy the criteria for applying in advanced ARZIBs.

Ni or FeO nanocrystal-integrated hollow (solid) N-doped carbon nanospheres: preparation, characterization and electrochemical properties

In this paper, phase-pure monodisperse NiO nanocrystals were prepared in a temperature-dependent manner via a thermal decomposition approach, showing sphere-like shapes and snowflake-like NiO arrays. Such hydrophobic NiO nanocrystals were converted into hydrophilic nickel oxide-sodium oleate-Pluronic P123 (NiO-SO-P123) micelles in aqueous solution. Phenolic resin (PR) formed in situ was successfully deposited on the hydrophilic area of the NiO-SO-P123 micelles via a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism to form NiO-phenolic resin nanospheres (NiO-PRNSs) with uniform particle size. By adjusting the size and amount of NiO nanocrystals used, the diameter of the obtained NiO-PRNSs can be effectively controlled from 185 to 103 nm, and a narrow size distribution is seen, revealing the effects of the NiO nanocrystals on the reconstructed NiO-integrated micellar size. Meanwhile, the morphology (ring buoy, semi-bowl, sphere) depends upon the initial amount of NiO. The carbonization of NiO-PRNSs produced Ni(0)-integrated hollow N-doped carbon nanospheres (Ni(0)-HNCNSs), which involved the conversion of NiO to Ni(0) and the contraction of particle size, and the size and distribution was affected by the starting amount of NiO. However, upon using monodisperse and polyhedral FeO nanocrystals, the obtained FeO-free/-incompletely-filled/-fully-filled core-shell structured Fe-PRNSs showed relatively uniform particle size, except for when multiple FeO cores formed large FeO-PR nanospheres after starting with the same initial FeO size. The carbonized FeO-HNCNSs still preserved a pomegranate-like core-shell structure with uniform size and there was no change in the size of the FeO nanocrystals. Moreover, high-loaded Ni(0)-integrated hollow or solid N-doped carbon microspheres or flakes can be synthesized via a one-pot method, but with a broad size range, showing highly uniform Ni distribution with a Ni size as small as 8.5 nm. Note that Ni(0)- and FeO-HNCNSs were prepared for the first time according to our knowledge. Finally, low-loaded Ni- and FeO-HNCNSs with uniform morphology and size were chosen as representatives to investigate their electrochemical properties for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), showing excellent lithium storage properties and superior reversibility. This study provides a potential strategy for controlling the sizes and morphologies of metal-integrated carbon materials to obtain adjustable electrochemical properties.

N-Doped carbon nanospheres with nanocavities to encapsulate manganese oxides as ORR electrocatalysts

MnO2(Mn3O4or MnO) nanoparticles embedded in nanocavities of N-doped carbon nanospheres as ORR electrocatalysts have been reported.

A cellulose dissolution and encapsulation strategy to prepare carbon nanospheres with ultra-small size and high nitrogen content for the oxygen reduction reaction

Space-confined pyrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to prepare ultra-small N-doped carbon nanospheres (NCNs) with high nitrogen content and superior ORR performance.

Atomically dispersed Fe atoms anchored on COF-derived N-doped carbon nanospheres as efficient multi-functional catalysts.

Non-noble metal isolated single atom site (ISAS) catalysts have attracted much attention due to their low cost, ultimate atom efficiency and outstanding catalytic performance. Herein, atomically dispersed Fe atoms are prepared by a covalent organic framework (COF)-absorption–pyrolysis strategy. The obtained Fe ISASs anchored on COF-derived N-doped carbon nanospheres (Fe-ISAS/CN) served as a multi-functional catalyst in electro-catalysis and organic catalysis, exhibiting better catalytic performance than commercial Pt/C for the ORR with good stability and methanol tolerance. Besides electro-catalysis, the Fe-ISAS/CN also showed outstanding catalytic performance in organic reactions, such as the selective oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone and dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline with excellent reactivity, selectivity, stability and recyclability. Co and Ni ISAS materials can also be prepared by this method, suggesting that it is a general strategy to obtain metal ISAS catalysts. This work will provide new insight into the design of COF-derived metal ISAS multi-functional catalysts for electro-catalysis and organic reactions using rationally designed synthetic routes and the optimized structure of substrates.

One-Step Synthesis of Monodispersed Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres for High-Performance Flexible Quasi-Solid-State Micro-Supercapacitors.

Cost-effective synthesis of carbon nanospheres with a desirable mesoporous network for diversified energy storage applications remains a challenge. Herein, a direct templating strategy is developed to fabricate monodispersed N-doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres (NMCSs) with an average particle size of 100 nm, a pore diameter of 4 nm, and a specific area of 1093 m2 g-1 . Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and tetraethyl orthosilicate not only play key roles in the evolution of mesopores but also guide the assembly of phenolic resins to generate carbon nanospheres. Benefiting from the high surface area and optimum mesopore structure, NMCSs deliver a large specific capacitance up to 433 F g-1 in 1 m H2 SO4 . The NMCS electrodes-based symmetric sandwich supercapacitor has an output voltage of 1.4 V in polyvinyl alcohol/H2 SO4 gel electrolyte and delivers an energy density of 10.9 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 14014.5 W kg-1 . Notably, NMCSs can be directly applied through the mask-assisted casting technique by a doctor blade to fabricate micro-supercapacitors. The micro-supercapacitors exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility, long-term stability, and reliable power output.

Novel activated N-doped hollow microporous carbon nanospheres from pyrrole-based hyper-crosslinking polystyrene for supercapacitors

Here, pyrrole-based hollow microporous organic nanospheres (Py-HMONs) were firstly synthesized through co-hyper-cross-linking of pyrrole and polylactide-b-polystyrene (PLA-b-PS) diblock copolymers based on Scholl reaction. The effect of diblock copolymers and pyrrole amount on the morphology of Py-HMONs was discussed. Py-HMONs can be further transformed into activated N-doped hollow microporous carbon nanospheres (AN-HMCNs) with enhanced high surface area (1347 m2 g−1) by a simply KOH-activated pyrolyzing treatment. Owing to high surface area, unique hollow spherical structure and nitrogen heteratom doping, the obtained AN-HMCNs as supercapacitor electrodes deliver a high specific capacitance of 395 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. More remarkably, AN-HMCNs electrodes exhibit outstanding cycling stability with almost no decrease over 10000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1. This work provide a new avenue to prepare activated hollow porous carbon nanospheres with high surface area and nitrogen-doping for high-performance supercapacitor applications.

Ultrafine Pd nanoparticles immobilized on N-doped hollow carbon nanospheres with superior catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and hydrogenation of nitroarenes

The fabrication of ultrafine noble metal nanoparticle (NMNP)-based catalysts is significant for heterogeneous catalysis due to their excellent performance for organic transformations. In this study, N-doped micro-mesoporous hollow carbon nanospheres (HCN) with a nitrogen content of ∼3.5 wt% are easily prepared by simple carbonization. Then, ultrafine Pd NPs are immobilized on HCN, affording Pd/HCN as a dual-function catalyst which exhibits superior catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and hydrogenation of nitroarenes, under mild reaction conditions. The doping of HCN with nitrogen is beneficial for the high dispersion, anchoring, and particle size control of ultrafine Pd NPs, leading to the maximum utilization of Pd atoms and further enhancing the catalytic activity of Pd/HCN. In addition, the obtained Pd/HCN catalyst exhibits excellent reusability and stability. Hence, this study demonstrates the prospect of developing ultrafine NMNP-supported catalysts with high performance for organic transformations.

Tungsten Carbide Encapsulated in Grape-Like N-Doped Carbon Nanospheres: One-Step Facile Synthesis for Low-Cost and Highly Active Electrocatalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers

Tungsten carbide (WC) is an alternative to the costly and resource-constrained Pt-based catalysts. Herein, a one-step facile and easily scalable approach is reported to synthesize ultrafine WC nanocrystals encapsulated in porous N-doped carbon nanospheres (NC) by simple self-polymerization, drying, and annealing. It is worth mentioning that this developed method has four novel features: (1) the synthesis process, without any hard template or hydrocarbon gas feeding, is, notably, very facile and efficient with low cost; (2) the carbon coating on WC nanocrystals not only restrains coarsening of particles but also creates strong coupling interactions between the nanocrystallines and the conductive carbonaceous matrix; (3) uniform grape-like WC@NC nanospheres with high specific surface area can be obtained in a large scale; and (4) single-phase WC can be achieved. As a result, WC@NC demonstrates remarkable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalytic performance with overpotentials of 127 and 141 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and Tafel slopes of 56.3 and 78.7 mV dec-1 in acid and alkaline media, respectively. Our density functional theory calculations manifest that the strong synergistic electronic effect between WC and its intimately bonded carbon shell vastly boosts the HER electrocatalytic activity. WC@NC catalysts as a cathode are further tested in a home-made electrolyzer with 0.78 A cm-2 achieved at a cell voltage of 2 V at 80 °C and operated stably at 200 mA cm-2 for more than 20 h.

N-doped ordered mesoporous carbon spheres derived by confined pyrolysis for high supercapacitor performance

Herein, we report a confined pyrolysis strategy to prepare mesoporous carbon nanospheres by which surface area of carbon spheres is increased, pore size is enlarged and effective N-doping is achieved. In this method, the mesoporous polymer sphere as carbon precursor and 2-methylimidazole as nitrogen precursor are encapsulated in a compact silica shell which provides a confined nano-space for the pyrolysis treatment. The in situ generated gases from mesoporous polymer sphere and 2-methylimidazole under pyrolysis diffuse into the pores of mesoporous polymer sphere in the confined compact silica shell, resulting in increased surface area, larger pore size and N-doping due to self-activation effect. As electrodes in supercapacitor, the N-doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres exhibit a significantly enhanced specific capacitance of 326 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, which is 2 times higher than that of mesoporous carbon spheres under unconfined pyrolysis condition, exhibiting its potential for electrode materials with high performance.

Aging mechanism of MoS2 nanosheets confined in N-doped mesoporous carbon spheres for sodium-ion batteries

N-doped hollow carbon nanospheres (NHCS) with mesoporous carbon shells is selected as nanoreactors and encapsulated with few-layered MoS2 nanosheets to monitor its electrochemical properties and structural conversion in long-term cycling. Mesoporous walls of NHCS can facilitate electrolyte penetration and provide conductive shells for superior mass diffusion and charge transfer. When serving as SIB anodes, MoS2@NHCS has a capacity value of 371 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 with a capacity retention of 94.9% after 100 cycles which is higher than powder form MoS2 and is among the highest values of earlier reported MoS2 electrodes. The origin of gradual capacity decay of MoS2@NHCS anodes in-between 50 to 150 cycles has been investigated. Transmission electron microscopy and ex-situ X-ray diffraction have shown significant morphology change of space-confined MoS2 and the production of MoO3 together with oxygen-deficient MoOx after continuous charge/discharge test. After long-term cycle test of MoS2@NHCS, the ratios of Mo6+ and Mo5+ increased significantly with the decreasing of Mo4+ ratio, while the sulfur from MoS2 transformed from S2− to SO42−. This work highlight the phase transformation and composition change of MoS2 for MoS2-based anode in long-duration charge/discharge tests.

Ultrafine and highly-dispersed bimetal Ni2P/Co2P encapsulated by hollow N-doped carbon nanospheres for efficient hydrogen evolution

Ultrafine Ni2P/Co2P nanoparticles encapsulated in hollow porous N-doped carbon nanospheres are synthesized through a facile two-step access. Firstly, metallic Ni and Co coated by hollow N-doped spheres as precursors are obtained through a high temperature calcination route of organic polymer and inorganic Ni and Co salts. Then bimetal Ni2P/Co2P supported on N-doped carbon nanospheres are acquired by a facile phosphorization process. It is worth to note that aniline-pyrrole polymer can prevent fast growth and severe aggregation of Ni2P/Co2P, which implies more exposed active sites. Moreover, the calcination of hollow polymer spheres lead to the formation of ultrathin NC shell on the surface of Ni2P/Co2P hybrids, which can tune electronic structures, improve the conductivity and protect active sites from corrosion in harsh conditions. When used as HER catalyst, it displays remarkable catalytic activity in both acidic and alkaline solutions, which needs an onset potential of only 164 mV and 168 mV, respectively. Therefore, this work may propose a new strategy to design unique inorganic-organic heterostructures to combine ultrafine metal phosphides with porous carbon for efficient HER.

Electrocatalytic Imprinted Polymer of N-Doped Hollow Carbon Nanosphere-Palladium Nanocomposite for Ultratrace Detection of Anticancer Drug 6-Mercaptopurine.

In this work, a nanohybrid-based imprinted polymer consisting of N-doped hollow carbon nanospheres and palladium is reported for the electroanalysis of ultratrace level of anticancer drug, 6-mercaptopurine, used in the treatment of leukemia. For this, N-doped carbon nanospheres decorated with palladium were first developed, and subsequently, a molecular imprinted polymer layer was grown onto their surfaces. The so-produced silica-embedded nanocomposite was made hollow by etching silica moieties with hydrofluoric acid. Finally, the whole system was doped on an ionic-liquid-modified pencil graphite electrode. The underlying synergistic effect of hollow carbon nanosphere-supported palladium nanoparticles inculcated electrocatalytic action. Notably, all rebinding sites in solid core-shells were confined within the shell, which hampers the effective diffusion of template. However, in this work, an effective diffusion of template across the hollow structure of inner and outer surfaces was observed. Consequently, this rendered approximately 2-fold heterogeneous rate constant as compared to the solid core-shell-based sensor. Differential pulse voltammetric transduction was used for ultratrace detection of 6-mercaptopurine through anodic stripping method. The hollow imprinted sensor revealed a linear dependence of current with concentration range 0.80-70.748 ng mL-1. The limits of detection 0.11-0.22 ng mL-1 were realized in water, human blood plasma, urine, and pharmaceuticals. Thus, the proposed sensor demonstrated an attractive sensitivity reproducibility, as well as endurance requisite for the treatment of leukemia patients.