Municipal Solid Waste Management Services Research Articles

Multi-criteria decision analysis to mitigate the impact of municipal solid waste management services during floods

The efficiency of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) services indicates the sustainability of a city. Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are defined as sustainable global agenda covering normal and disaster situations as per goal#11, to make sustainable cities and communities with holistic disaster risk management. Local governments are among the target groups to adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies. Mitigation plans are highly important, especially during crises such as flooding that have the potential to disrupt regular waste management services in cities.This study aims to identify practical approaches for impact mitigation and preparedness of MSWM services during floods. In this study, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is applied, using a panel of responsible providers and waste management and town planning specialists to assess appropriate impact mitigation alternatives. Flood impacts on MSWM in cities are classified into three situations: 1) Cannot collect waste from sources (CNC), 2) Cannot transfer waste for final disposal (CNT), and 3) Cannot collect and transfer waste for final disposal (CNC and CNT). The decision support system is designed based on the principles of sustainable development, and considers impacting criteria, namely environment, society and economic factors.The results show that modifying waste-hauling trucks is the most appropriate alternative for all situations to prepare for mitigating flood impact on MSWM services. The findings can help develop an appropriate mitigation management plan for waste management systems during floods that challenges practice to develop cities and communities sustainably and achieve the SDGs.

A system dynamics modeling to evaluate flooding impacts on municipal solid waste management services

The municipal solid waste management service system has been one of the most important service provisions in the city. Complex linkages within the system are impacted by waste quantities and qualities. Due to the complex characteristic of stock and flow in a waste management system, it is difficult to design a sustainable management system that can handle varying conditions, particularly in case of a disaster. Interferences from the natural disaster i.e. flooding could potentially affect the entire MSWM system. Flooding is a major disaster in many regions of the world and poses a challenge as an external disturbance to any part of the waste management system.This research has applied the concept of system dynamics (SD) to understand patterns and evaluate flood impacts on the waste management systems of 22 districts that transport waste to the Nongkhaem transfer station in Bangkok, Thailand. The SD model of waste management illustrates waste generation trends and collection and transfer patterns to predict potential flood-affected areas.The research analyzed different flooding hazard scenarios and evaluated potential impacts within flood-prone areas. The results proved that flooding has various degree of impacts on the accumulated waste amounts of services areas within and outside the flooded areas. The findings can be a guideline to help prepare an appropriate mitigation plan for waste management under flood conditions.

THANKYOU: from waste to resource

Learning outcomes The case helps to introduce some of the elements of strategic management process, which are vital for competitive advantage, particularly for the public utility services such as MSWM. It intends to achieve the following objectives: analyse the external environment for MSWM industry in India; analyse the internal organizational environment for a firm’s strategic competitiveness; introduce the concept of value and value chain understand the role of Stakeholder groups; understand the concept of public–private partnerships (PPP); and understand the role of technology in sustaining a competitive advantages. Case overview/synopsis This case focuses on entrepreneurial venture of Gaurav Sharma and his team who intend to transform the landscape of Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) industry in the country. THANKYOU (letsthankyou.com) is a Jaipur, India-based enterprise offering waste management solutions across different verticals. It was founded in 2016, following an opportunity in the waste management industry unleashed by the Government of India’s (GOI) new MSWM 2016 rules making it mandatory for the waste generators to manage (segregate, process, transport and disposal) their own waste. After initial examination of MSWM service scenario in the country, Gaurav and his two team members realize that a lack of integration among the multiple entities of waste management value chain is the root cause of the current poor state of affairs. So, they come up with an online marketplace, which offers a one-stop solution for the waste management of general households, residential settings and corporate. With initial projects implemented in the decentralized mode offering unit-level services such as door-to-door waste collection, on-demand waste pick-up and waste audits for corporate, the company has eventually got an opportunity of working on a centralized MSWM project for a leading hotel. Indeed, the company has the first mover advantage of entering the government controlled MSWM industry. However, to move forward, the THANKYOU team must address some fundamental issues in the industry: How to integrate the informal and formal sectors involved in waste management to achieve economies of scale? How to make land-filling the least preferred option of waste management? How to use technology to enhance the efficiency of MSWM value chain? Complexity academic level The case can add value to a course on strategic management at the post-graduate level. It highlights the role of external and internal environment analyses in the formulation of business strategy, ultimately leading to a firm’s strategic competitiveness. In a strategic management course, the case can be used to discuss introductory topics such as the analysis of internal and external environment; value creation by leveraging internal resources and capabilities; analysis of a firm’s dependence on its stakeholder groups; ascertainment of the profitability driver for a firm’s business model; and the concept of PPP. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy

Solid Waste Generation Rate and Management Practices in the Case of Chiro Town, West Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

The current rapid increase in population together with expansion of the town is producing large volumes of wastes, which demand greater infrastructure, institutional setup and community participation for its management. However, most of solid wastes that generated are remaining uncollected and simply dumped at open space. This study focused on identifying the types of solid wastes, waste generation rates, management practices and municipal solid waste management service of Chiro town. The results were based on the data collected from sample respondents that drawn from three kebeles of the town, proportional to total households through simple random sampling techniques. The result revealed that the types of wastes produced by sample respondents were organic matter, plastic, paper and clipboard, metal and others wastes (ash, leather and e-waste). The average solid waste generation rate of the town is 0.304 kg/capita/day. In the town there is no recognized prepared place either for the waste collection or for final disposal. The common disposal places used by the community were ditch (44.95%), local field (20.7%), road side (24.2%), farm land (3.5%) and burning-burying (4.5%). Yet around 2% of the respondents do not know where the wastes come out of their home finally disposed to as they deliver it by informal waste pickers. Therefore, its top priority to prepare the dumping sites and establish institutional setup for proper handling of the waste in the town.

Investigating municipal solid waste management system performance during the Arba\u2019een event in the city of Kerbala, Iraq

Every year, many religious events attended by 300 million pilgrims take place in many holy cities and sites around the world. However, research on municipal solid waste is limited despite the reputation of religious events to generate substantial amounts of waste. This research aims to address this gap and contribute to new knowledge on municipal solid waste management at religious events by investigating and evaluating the municipal solid waste management system applied at the Arba’een event in Kerbala, one of the largest religious events in Iraq. Field observations and in-depth interviews with nine senior managers from Kerbala’s municipalities were conducted during the event in 2016, to develop an overall picture of the municipal solid waste management system applied during the event. The data were analysed using thematic analysis and fed to the ‘Wasteaware’ benchmark indicators framework to evaluate the performance of the event system. The results indicated that the system suffers from operational and governance weaknesses. Despite a focus on municipal solid waste collection and transportation, the collection coverage is only ~ 70%. There is no controlled landfill site in Kerbala. It is estimated that currently ~ 5% of the event municipal solid waste is recycled by informal recyclers: there is no formal recycling scheme. Kerbala does not perform well regarding governance. The inclusivity of providers and users of the municipal solid waste management services is minimal during the event, as the majority of stakeholders are not included in decision-making processes. Municipal solid waste management services are delivered free of charge, thus significantly influencing the financial sustainability of the system. This study recommends that MSW recycling should be encouraged through integrating the informal sector, improving public awareness and introducing a formal recycling scheme to make the event municipal solid waste management system effective and financially sustainable.

Client Satisfaction Towards Municipal Solid Waste Management Service in Jimma City, South West Ethiopia

Client Satisfaction Towards Municipal Solid Waste Management Service in Jimma City, South West Ethiopia

Client Satisfaction Towards Municipal Solid Waste Management Service in Jimma City, South West Ethiopia

Client Satisfaction Towards Municipal Solid Waste Management Service in Jimma City, South West Ethiopia

Toward effective multi-sector partnership: A case of municipal solid waste management service provision in Bangkok, Thailand

An increasing amount of municipal solid waste needs an effective waste management system to provide reliable service, but in reality this has failed to respond to the demand. Partnership is considered as a potential solution that can increase waste management service performance. A public-private-community partnership was studied as a potential way to alleviate the impacts of ineffective waste management. Based on the tripartite service concept, the roles and relationships between service providers and service recipients were identified by incorporating analyzed results obtained from questionnaires, interviews, and site visits. Bangkok was selected as a representative urban city in a developing country that has experienced problems caused by ineffective waste management. The results showed that 87.2 percent of respondents thought that everyone should be responsible for and be part of waste management. A public-private-community partnership was a vital factor in a successful waste management system and also had high possibility to be implemented. In the partnership, essential roles were identified for each stakeholder sector including service recipients, intermediaries, and service providers. Based on the tripartite service concept, a modified conceptual model was proposed.

Operator models for delivering municipal solid waste management services in developing countries: Part B: Decision support.

This is the second of two papers reporting the results of a major study considering 'operator models' for municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in emerging and developing countries. Part A documents the evidence base, while Part B presents a four-step decision support system for selecting an appropriate operator model in a particular local situation. Step 1 focuses on understanding local problems and framework conditions; Step 2 on formulating and prioritising local objectives; and Step 3 on assessing capacities and conditions, and thus identifying strengths and weaknesses, which underpin selection of the operator model. Step 4A addresses three generic questions, including public versus private operation, inter-municipal co-operation and integration of services. For steps 1-4A, checklists have been developed as decision support tools. Step 4B helps choose locally appropriate models from an evidence-based set of 42 common operator models ( coms); decision support tools here are a detailed catalogue of the coms, setting out advantages and disadvantages of each, and a decision-making flowchart. The decision-making process is iterative, repeating steps 2-4 as required. The advantages of a more formal process include avoiding pre-selection of a particular com known to and favoured by one decision maker, and also its assistance in identifying the possible weaknesses and aspects to consider in the selection and design of operator models. To make the best of whichever operator models are selected, key issues which need to be addressed include the capacity of the public authority as 'client', management in general and financial management in particular.

Operator models for delivering municipal solid waste management services in developing countries. Part A: The evidence base.

This article presents the evidence base for 'operator models' - that is, how to deliver a sustainable service through the interaction of the 'client', 'revenue collector' and 'operator' functions - for municipal solid waste management in emerging and developing countries. The companion article addresses a selection of locally appropriate operator models. The evidence shows that no 'standard' operator model is effective in all developing countries and circumstances. Each city uses a mix of different operator models; 134 cases showed on average 2.5 models per city, each applying to different elements of municipal solid waste management - that is, street sweeping, primary collection, secondary collection, transfer, recycling, resource recovery and disposal or a combination. Operator models were analysed in detail for 28 case studies; the article summarises evidence across all elements and in more detail for waste collection. Operators fall into three main groups: The public sector, formal private sector, and micro-service providers including micro-, community-based and informal enterprises. Micro-service providers emerge as a common group; they are effective in expanding primary collection service coverage into poor- or peri-urban neighbourhoods and in delivering recycling. Both public and private sector operators can deliver effective services in the appropriate situation; what matters more is a strong client organisation responsible for municipal solid waste management within the municipality, with stable political and financial backing and capacity to manage service delivery. Revenue collection is also integral to operator models: Generally the municipality pays the operator from direct charges and/or indirect taxes, rather than the operator collecting fees directly from the service user.

Waste-to-energy policy in Thailand

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the conversion of waste-to-energy (WtE) in Thailand. The amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Thailand in 2013 was 26.77 million tons which requires an enormous budget allocation for municipal solid waste management (MSWM). However, the budget is insufficient to provide adequate MSWM services. In order to increase the efficiency, sustainable and environmentally in MSWM, WtE technologies are provided as a solution toward a successful policy. Thailand considers WtE, incineration, refuse derived fuel (RDF), anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis and gasification, and landfill gas recovery to be renewable technologies. These technologies not only reduced the quantity but also improved the quality of waste to meet the required pollution control standards, besides generating a substantial quantity of energy.

GESTÃO INTEGRADA DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS: PERSPECTIVAS E DESAFIOS

A gestão integrada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) justifica-se devido à situação de esgotamento e comprometimento de recursos naturais, dos problemas sociais, ambientais e econômicos de disposição final. A deficiência dos serviços de gestão de RSU tem gerado impactos negativos nas condições de vida e de bem-estar da população. Constatando os impactos ambientais que os RSU podem causar e a precariedade da situação atual em vários municípios brasileiros, alternativas são necessárias visando a melhoria da sua gestão, ao aumentar a eficiência e reduzir seus custos, colaborando com a preservação do meio ambiente. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar as principais tecnologias de gestão, valorização, tratamento e/ou disposição dos RSU utilizadas no Brasil e apontar alguns municípios do Sul do Brasil com modelos de gestão eficazes. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as principais vantagens e desvantagens das tecnologias, abordando uma conceituação, características do processo e aspectos econômicos. Também foram pesquisados artigos sobre o tema e municípios com modelos de gestão eficazes na região Sul. Conclui-se que os municípios são propulsores do desenvolvimento socioeconômico e devem adotar as diretrizes aprovadas como forma de implementar suas ações nessa área, sendo a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos um instrumento norteador.

Understanding the mechanism of food waste management by using stakeholder analysis and social network model: An industrial ecology perspective

Household food waste accounts for the largest fraction of municipal solid waste and becomes an emerging issue in the biogeochemical cycle of urban ecosystem. Multiple stakeholders with varied characteristics are involved in the food waste management; moreover, they can throw great impacts on the material flow of urban waste, in an industrial ecology perspective. However, the internal mechanism of food waste recycling and composting, regarding the behavior and interaction of different stakeholders, is not clear in previous studies. In this research, recycling and composting potential of household food waste is studied by applying the methodology of stakeholder analysis and social network model. The interest, attitude, power and knowledge of different stakeholders and their social networks were examined by interviews, with the studied case of Beijing, China. Result shows the significant difference of multiple stakeholders’ properties. The governmental department of municipal solid waste management has the highest power and maximum interest on food waste recycling, whereas the key players (both high power and maximum interest) located in the midstream and downstream of food waste recycling (utilization of compost) are lacking. In addition, the stakeholders, who easily collect accurate information on food waste recycling, are also the ones most willing to share the knowledge. However, the knowledge and information of most stakeholders are insufficient and inaccurate. The density, node and centrality of the social networks on food waste recycling and composting indicate that here were inefficient connection or disjoint between downstream stakeholders and up/midstream stakeholders, however the some key nodes, e.g. composting utilization stakeholders (fertilizer plants) and municipal solid waste management service companies, could contribute more to bridge the social networks of food waste management. Using the tools of stakeholder analysis and social network models can help in understanding the internal mechanism and the complexity of the material flows of urban ecosystem.

How much are people willing to pay for efficient waste management schemes? A benefit transfer application.

To socially justify the need for better municipal solid waste management services, especially in the light of the limited availability of public funds, it is important to quantify the monetary value of the potential social and environmental benefits offered by them. This article aims at estimating society's willingness to pay improved municipal solid waste management and establishing suitable reference values using the 'benefit transfer' method. To this direction, relevant studies from the global scientific and grey literature in the field of municipal solid waste management valuation are analysed and two different transfer approaches are implemented. According to the analysis, the mean annual willingness to pay per household is 88.4 USD(2014) (5%-trimmed mean: 78.7 USD(2014); 95% confidence interval lower bound: 64.8 USD(2014) and upper bound: 112.0 USD(2014)). The analysis yields estimates with a high standard deviation and notably broad confidence intervals, owing to design issues of the primary studies, the different socioeconomic profiles of the populations surveyed and the existing level of municipal solid waste management services. Thus, a meta-regression model is estimated to explore the sources of heterogeneity and facilitate more accurate transfer values. Nevertheless, the limited number of observations and some methodological issues in the design and conduct of the original surveys set certain challenges and increase the level of uncertainty of the transfer values.

Municipal Solid Waste Management services and its funding in Spain

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation and management concern many cities. Several implications, mainly resource-consumption, socio-economic and environmental-sustainability, arise. Concurrently, financial-budgetary constraints in some local governments provoke allegations of “misuse” of Waste-collection-treatment-disposal charges and suggestions that they are used mainly to balance budgets.The paper first examines traditional forms of levying charges for Waste-collection-treatment-disposal under the coverage of the Polluter-Pays-Principle in OECD countries and Spanish provincial capitals, finding a prevalence of flat fee systems in Spain.Regarding Madrid specifically, the paper analyses the relationship between its Waste-collection-treatment-disposal charges and some possibly (in-)dependent variables. Relationships between MSW generated and some potentially-linked variables are identified. Analysis rejects that Madrid waste generation-treatment-disposal charges based on dwelling values had a positive relationship with waste generated (more value of the properties in a district does not imply more waste generated), and reveals/-confirms other significant correlations between some variables, it being remarkable that neither age, gender, nationality nor education were found relevant. Conclusions – such as the soundness of the suggested use of the number of dwellings per district as a suitable indicator for the level of waste generated (and its required funding) and the inexistence of a conventional Pay As You Throw system in Madrid – are offered with some policy implications-considerations.

Performance Assessment of Urban Municipal Solid Waste Management Services in an Indian State

Performance Assessment of Urban Municipal Solid Waste Management Services in an Indian State

Alternative management structures for municipal waste collection services: The influence of economic and political factors

Identifying and characterising the factors that determine why a local authority opts for a particular way of managing its waste collection service is an important issue, warranting research interest in the field of municipal solid waste (MSW) management. This paper presents empirical evidence spanning a broad time horizon (2002–2010) showing that economic and political factors impact in different ways on the provision of waste management services. We examine five alternatives in this area, including public and private service delivery formulas and, within each field, individual and joint options. Our findings highlight the importance of the service cost and that of the various indicators of fiscal stress as determinant factors of management decisions regarding the provision of MSW management services.

Efficiency evaluation of municipal solid waste management utilities in the urban cities of the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, using stochastic frontier analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evolve a framework for assessing the efficiencies of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) services.Design/methodology/approachStochastic frontier analysis (SFA), a deterministic parametric frontier technique, has been employed for benchmarking of the MSWM services across municipalities in 22 cities in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.FindingsThis paper reviews the solid waste management status and applies SFA to evaluate the relative performances of the services in terms of seven models, of which two models were found significant and acceptable based on the null hypothesis, significance of elasticity of variables, and an absence of data heteroskedasticity. The paper discusses the results in the context of various indicators, and finds that a large number of MSWM municipalities exhibit relative inefficiencies, implying that most municipalities can achieve higher levels of outputs by deploying fewer resources, thereby improving performances without necessarily increasing municipal spendings.Social implicationsThe work suggests some of the changes at the policy level that would affect the way in which solid waste is managed currently in India, and hence the work has social implications whereby the lives of a billion people will be improved through improved solid waste management services.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's information, advanced benchmarking techniques such as SFA have seldom been applied for evolving the efficiencies of solid waste management municipalities, primarily because the sanitation services are yet to take the shape of an industry in the developing world. Lack of availability of data and non‐transparent functions of these services prevent further exploration into estimating the inefficiencies of these service utilities. The paper will be of use to policy makers, solid waste managers, administrators, and sector regulators.

Households’ perceptions of private sector municipal solid waste management services: A binary choice analysis

The increase in the volume of waste materials discharged to the environment and deterioration of environmental quality in urban areas have been an issue of major concern for many governments in developing countries. To improve effectiveness and efficiency in the delivery of waste management services some of the governments have involved the private sector. This study uses binary choice model to examine urban residents’ perceptions regarding solid waste management that involves the private sector and what could be done to improve the waste management services. The data were generated from survey conducted in 238 households in Ilorin in southwest Nigeria. The results show that most of the respondents were not satisfied with solid waste management in the Ilorin. Binary logit model estimates reveal that the respondents’ perceptions regarding waste management were determined by income, travel time to dump site and marital status, as well as awareness of laws regarding waste disposal and activities of sanitary inspectors. For solid waste management in urban areas to be sustainable, it requires participation of the government, private sector and residents. The results generated from this study can help waste management authorities in designing a more sustainable waste management strategy in Ilorin, as well as in other cities that have similar conditions.

Optimization model for integrated municipal solid waste management in Mumbai, India

Mumbai, the largest metropolitan city in India, generated 6,256 tons of waste per day in 2001. It is the responsibility of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) to provide Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management services; however, the MCGM is not able to handle the increasing quantity of waste. As a result, waste litters all over the place giving rise to health and environmental problems. Hence, there is a need to involve private sector and community participation in waste management. In this paper, a linear programming model is developed to integrate different options and stakeholders involved in MSW management in Mumbai. Various economic and environmental costs associated with MSW management are taken into consideration while developing the model.