Multi-word Research Articles

Experiments with Cross-Language Information Retrieval on a Health Portal for Psychology and Psychotherapy.

Few studies have been performed within cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) in the field of psychology and psychotherapy. The aim of this paper is to to analyze and assess the quality of available query translation methods for CLIR on a health portal for psychology. A test base of 100 user queries, 50 Multi Word Units (WUs) and 50 Single WUs, was used. Swedish was the source language and English the target language. Query translation methods based on machine translation (MT) and dictionary look-up were utilized in order to submit query translations to two search engines: Google Site Search and Quick Ask. Standard IR evaluation measures and a qualitative analysis were utilized to assess the results. The lexicon extracted with word alignment of the portal's parallel corpus provided better statistical results among dictionary look-ups. Google Translate provided more linguistically correct translations overall and also delivered better retrieval results in MT.

The Role Of Using Lexical Bundles On The Development Of Proficiency Of Iraqi EFL University Students

It has been observed that vocabulary constitute an essential factor in foreign language learning. Learners of English language need to have command of a wide range of complex lexical units which are prefabricated as chunks of arranged patterns of phrases and words. Biber, et al.(1999:991-992) define lexical bundles as '' recurrent expressions or sequences of three or more word forms that commonly go together in natural discourse''. They(ibid) add that ''lexical bundles can be regarded as building blocks that tend to be used frequently by different speakers in different situations''.They are retrieved and reprocessed as whole units which may not only enhance the accuracy and fluency of language, but also speed up language processing significantly. The present study deals with the investigation of the role of teaching lexical bundles in the development of Iraqi EFL proficiency in the Department of English, Faculty of Arts, University of Kufa. The most important purpose of lexical bundles is creating discourse coherence which helps students tocommunicate and practice language with effective and successful facilities. The study attempts to answer the following questions: 1) Is the use of lexical bundles necessary and effective in enhancing and developing of Iraqi EFL? 2) What is the difference between students who are unaware and unfamiliar with the use of lexical bundles and those who are familiar and able to identify them? The sample of the test consists of two types of questions (fill in the blanks 'production' and multiple choices 'recognition' ) and 40 students are selected randomly at the mentioned department. The participants are divided into two groups , each group with 20 students. The first group who are not aware how to use lexical bundles constructed the pre-test exam and the second group with 20 students done the post-test exam who are well constructed with the experience and knowledge of learning lexical bundles. The findings of the analysis have shown that students(pre-test) at the level of production score high and low rates concerning noun phrase based bundles. Whereas at the level of recognition students face difficulty in the recognition of clauses. Here, phrases are recognized more than clause are. The post-test which is concerned with those students who have attended lexical bundles classes shows high rates of correct answers in the use of noun phrase, verb phrase, preposition phrase and it cleft clause at the level of production and recognition. Therefore, learning such multi word expressions can contribute to gaining effective proficiency in language communication and competence

작업기억 용량과 어휘 학습 유형이 중학생의 영어 다어동사 습득에 미치는 영향

작업기억 용량과 어휘 학습 유형이 중학생의 영어 다어동사 습득에 미치는 영향

Sequential processing during noun phrase production

This study examined whether the brain operations involved during the processing of successive words in multi word noun phrase production take place sequentially or simultaneously. German speakers named pictures while ignoring a written distractor superimposed on the picture (picture-word interference paradigm) using the definite determiner and corresponding German noun. The gender congruency and the phonological congruency (i.e., overlap in first phonemes) between target and distractor were manipulated. Naming responses and EEG were recorded. The behavioural performance replicated both the phonology and the gender congruency effects (i.e., shorter naming latencies for gender congruent than incongruent and for phonologically congruent than incongruent trials). The phonological and gender manipulations also influenced the EEG data. Crucially, the two effects occurred in different time windows and over different sets of electrodes. The phonological effect was observed substantially earlier than the gender congruency effect. This finding suggests that the processing of determiners and nouns during determiner noun phrase production occurs at least partly sequentially.

Vezljivost glagolov s slovarsko oznako s širokim pomenskim obsegom

Prispevek predstavlja skupino glagolov s slovničnim kvalifikatorskim pojasnilom s širokim pomenskim obsegom (oznaka v SSKJ). Sodeč po označenih leksemih in po njihovem ponazar j alnem gradivu lahko trdimo, da je slovnično kvalifikatorsko pojasnilo s širokim pomenskim obsegom (kar potem velja tudi za pojasnilo z oslabljenim pomenom) izrazito vezljivostna oznaka, kar jo opravičuje ter hkrati opozarja na nujen natančnejši pregled vezljivostnih sposobnosti leksema pred njeno uporabo. Tovrstne širokepomensko-skladenjske vezljivostne zmožnosti, predvsem glagolov, pridevnikov in samostalnikov kot nosilcev vezljivosti ali kot vezljivostnih udeležencev oz. skladenjskih določil upravičijo tudi ločevanje med predlogi kot prostimi glagolskimi morfemi in predlogi kot /ne/obvezno vezavnimi udeleženskimi morfemi (ki v okviru istega leksema vezljivostno precizirajo določen glagolski pomen).

A constructionist approach to the teaching of phrasal verbs

The central issue of the present article is the analysis of phrasal verbs (hereafter termed multiword verbs [MWVs]) from the perspective ofconstruction grammars(Goldberg, 1995; Suttle and Goldberg, 2011). As is well known, English MWVs present special challenges to L2 learners due, among other things, to the shapelessness of their conceptual components and the ensuing impossibility to arrive at equivalent word-meaning correspondences (mappings) in the learners’ mother language (see Gilletteet al., 1999). This brings us to the first theoretical claim of this paper – namely, that MWVs (also termed phrasal verbs, verb-particle collocations, verb-particle combinations etc.) are lexical chunks that can be retrieved by speakers either as wholes, without special recourse to syntactic parsing, or as verb-particle semantic associations (Cappelleet al., 2010). This idea is combined with the notion that MWVs inherit their syntax-semantics from prototypicalArgument Structure Constructions(Goldberg, 2013a) withinVerb Argument Constructions(VACs) frames. VACs are thus associated with prototype verbs like‘go‘, ‘come’, ‘get’, ‘put’, etc., to project their meaning upon less-frequent verbs occupying aV-slot frame(a verbal position). It follows that MWVs function ashyponymsthat express specific semantic nuances not available in prototype verbs. For example, in the sentence ‘Aryascooped upa rock and hurled it at Joffrey's head’ (George R. R. Martin,A Game of Thrones[1996]), the verbscoop upsuggests acaused motionusually conveyed by the verbLIFT, i.e. the prototype of thesimple transitive Verb Argument Construction. From this vantage, it is suggested that a way to activate the weak verb-object interface is through its assignation to specific prototypesbootstrapping(providing an initial basis for) both the conceptualisation of the MWVs and their potential mapping to specific words (which I term inherited surface forms).

The Effect of Conceptual Metaphors on Turkish EFL Learners' Comprehension and Production of Phrasal Verbs

Comprehending and using phrasal verbs properly in the foreign language acquisition process is a heavy work for L2 learners. Language learners may be unfamiliar with these multi-word verbs and lack the necessary knowledge and skills to cope with them. The intent of this current study was to find out whether awarenessraising about phrasal verbs through cognitive linguistic approach assist Turkish EFL learners in their learning of phrasal verbs and to what extent awareness-raising is helpful. 63 first year ELT Department students studying at a public university took part in the research. Findings of the study demonstrated that the participants who learned phrasal verbs by recognizing the functions of orientational metaphors did not necessarily perform significantly better than those who learned them through their Turkish equivalents with example sentences. Though the participants in the experimental group performed slightly better than the ones in the control group on the second completion task, this difference was found to be statistically nonsignificant Results of the study, however, implied that dividing phrasal verbs into different groups according to their underlying orientational properties may be effective in the teaching of phrasal verbs so that the learners can understand the functions of satellites by using metaphorical thought.

ENGLESKI DVOČLANI GLAGOLI SA PARTIKULAMA OFF I ON I NJIHOV PREVOD NA SRPSKI JEZIK – KORPUSNA ANALIZA

U radu se analiziraju engleski dvočlani glagoli sa partikulama off i on i njihovi prevodni ekvivalenti u srpskom jeziku. U cilju izučavanja različitih vidova prevođenja engleskih dvočlanih glagola, izvršili smo kontrastivnu analizu korpusa koji se sastoji od 80 dvočlanih glagola sa par- tikulama off i on. Korpus je sakupljen iz engleskog romana Atonement autora Ijana Makjuana i njegovog objavljenog srpskog prevoda Iskupljenje (prevela Arijana Božović). Nakon uvodnog dela, koji pruža relevantne teorijske okvire vezane za višečlane i dvočlane glagole, njihov odnos prema kategorijama aspekta i akcionsarta, kao i za očekivane prevodne ekvivalente na osnovu rezultata dosadašnjih studija, centralni deo rada bavi se analizom izabranih primera iz korpusa. U završnom delu rada daju se rezultati i opšti zaključci o tendencijama vezanim za glagolske odlike dvočlanih glagola sa partikulama off i on kao i za načine njihovog prevođenja.

The Effect of Chunk Learning on Listening Comprehension

The present study is done to examine the effect of chunk learning on students’ listening comprehension. Based on the nature of the study, the null hypothesis was proposed, chunk learning has no effect on (TOEFL) listening comprehension. In order to test the null hypothesis, a sample of 60 students was chosen. They were randomly put into two groups (experimental and control). Members of each group were randomly assigned to one of the following conditions; first the experimental group was given the same passages containing multiword in the passages of experimental group and the control group that we did not give them any passages in multiword. The design used for this study was a quasi experimental one. An English Language Test was administered at the beginning to ensure the homogeneity of the two groups in language proficiency. Then a pre-test was done to measure the student’s knowledge of multi words. After the treatment which took 20 sessions,30 minutes per session, the same pre-test was administered as a post-test to measure the effect of the treatment. Analysis of the calculated normality test (K-S), descriptive statistic of pre-test, paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test for experimental and control group provided us with the judgment to reject the null hypothesis. In other words, the result revealed that: chunk learning (multi words, verbs idioms and collocations) has a significant effect on listening comprehension ability.

Hybrid Part-Of-Speech Tagger for Non-Vocalized Arabic Text

Part of speech tagging (POS tagging) has a crucial role in different fields of natural language processing (NLP) including Speech Recognition, Natural Language Parsing, Information Retrieval and Multi Words Term Extraction. This paper proposes an efficient and accurate POS Tagging technique for Arabic language using hybrid approach. Due to the ambiguity issue, Arabic Rule-Based method suffers from misclassified and unanalyzed words. To overcome these two problems, we propose a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) integrated with Arabic Rule-Based method. Our POS tagger generates a set of three POS tags: Noun, Verb, and Particle. The proposed technique uses the different contextual information of the words with a variety of the features which are helpful to predict the various POS classes. To evaluate its accuracy, the proposed method has been trained and tested with two corpora: the Holy Quran Corpus and Kalimat Corpus for undiacritized Classical Arabic language. The experiment results demonstrate the efficiency of our method for Arabic POS Tagging. In fact, the obtained accuracies rates are 97.6%, 96.8% and 94.4% for respectively our Hybrid Tagger, HMM Tagger and for the Rule-Based Tagger with Holy Quran Corpus. And for Kalimat Corpus we obtained 94.60%, 97.40% and 98% for respectively Rule-Based Tagger, HMM Tagger and our Hybrid Tagger.

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON MULTI-WORD VERBS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS RECOMMENDED BY THE BRAZILIAN TEXTBOOK NATIONAL PROGRAM - PNLD 20121

This paper focuses on the analysis of textbooks used in regular schools and language institutes in order to contribute to an overview of the current situation of the EFL material provided to language students in Brazil. It presents the results of a language aspect, that is, the multi-word verbs. This research aimed at an analysis of how multi-word verbs are presented and discussed in English textbooks from the Brazilian Textbook National Program (PNLD 2012), and at an investigation, by means of a short questionnaire, of the way English teachers, mainly, but not only, from public schools, help their students master this linguistic aspect of the target language. The purpose was, first, to check whether a distinction between the adverb/ preposition particles is made in relation to such verbs, as well as to check the use of terminology for an appropriate syntactic discussion. The results from the textbook analysis and from the questionnaires were compared to help visualize the current situation of the multi- word verbs teaching.

Claudia Claridge Multi-word Verbs in Early Modern English: A Corpus-based Study (Language and Computers: Studies in Practical Linguistics No. 32)Amsterdam/Atlanta: Rodopi 2000 317 pp.

Claudia Claridge Multi-word Verbs in Early Modern English: A Corpus-based Study (Language and Computers: Studies in Practical Linguistics No. 32)Amsterdam/Atlanta: Rodopi 2000 317 pp.

The appropriateness of input of multi-word verbs: Word order of phrasal verbs.

The appropriateness of input of multi-word verbs: Word order of phrasal verbs.

First Token Algorithm for Searching Compound Terms Using Thesaurus Database

Problem statement: Searching text materials is the one of the most im portant operations that carried out by search engines either on web or desktop applications, searching algorithms are required sometimes to find a specific word into a t ext, others to find a multi word term (pattern matching) into a text. Searching for term into a th esaurus database can be carried out using many searching algorithm such as brute-force algorithm a nd others. Approach: We addressed several issues concerning developing a searching algorithm that se arch terms into thesaurus database. Two exact algorithms were discussed and compared. The first a lgorithm, brute-force algorithm and the second one were proposed by this study to enhance brute-force algorithm. Results: We proposed an efficient search algorithm and compare it with brute force technique . Computational results showed that our algorithm can provide an efficient search algorithm that redu ces the number of queries and the total time requir ed to finish the required task. Conclusion: Our study showed an optimum solution for larger si ze of the studied problem with much less processing time than the brute-force algorithm. The modified algorithm has a higher efficiency to deal with Thes aurus Database searching problems.

Identifying patterns for unsupervised learning of multiword terms

The identification of valid terms in any domain is fundamental to its computerization. For this reason, in this paper we present a method for obtaining automated morphosyntactic patterns, which will help researchers to obtain valid terms from the proposed patterns, in order to build quality ontologies for the translation from one language to another, or to find important concepts in short sentences, which can be used as parameters in question-answer systems. For this purpose, we use some statistical methods which show candidates in a pattern vector. Then, a heuristic process unfolds to refine the pattern vector obtained, based on two main parameters: the statistical results previously obtained and the pattern length analyzed. As a result, we obtain the collection of the best patterns for the detection of real multiword terms. Key words: Morphosyntactic patterns, multiword terms, incremental learning.

A functional account of verb use in the early stages of English multiword development

The present study investigates flexibility of verb use in the early stages of English multiword development, and its relationship with patterns attested in the input. The data is taken from a case study of a monolingual English-speaking boy aged 2 ; 5-2 ; 9 and his mother while engaged in daily activities in the home. Data were coded according to Halliday's (1975) functional system. The findings suggest that early multiword verb use is functionally restricted and closely tied to verb use in the input.

Shallow morphology based complex predicates extraction in Oriya

This paper presents the extraction of Complex Predicates (CPs) in Oriya based on shallow morphology and available seed lists of verbs. Generally Oriya language is a free word order language. Free word order languages have relatively unrestricted local word group or phrase structures that make the problem of complex predicates extraction quite challenging. The complex predicates are generally the special multi word expression which is extracted with a special emphasis on compound verbs (Verb + Verb) and conjunct verbs (Noun /Adjective +Verb)/ (Verb + Noun /Adjective). The lexicalization of compound and conjunct verbs is done based on the information of shallow morphology. Lexical scopes of compound and conjunct verbs in consecutive sequence of Complex Predicates (CPs) have been identified. Aim of the current work is, to investigate the possibility of improving the accuracy of complex predicates extraction making it sensitive to verb sub categorization and to evaluate the recall, precision and Fscore on different operational environment.

A new multiword expression metric and its applications

Multiword Expressions (MWEs) appear frequently and ungrammatically in natural languages. Identifying MWEs in free texts is a very challenging problem. This paper proposes a knowledge-free, unsupervised, and language-independent Multiword Expression Distance (MED). The new metric is derived from an accepted physical principle, measures the distance from an n-gram to its semantics, and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on MWEs in two applications: question answering and named entity extraction.

A Contrastive Approach to Multi–word Term Extraction from Domain Corpora

A Contrastive Approach to Multi–word Term Extraction from Domain Corpora

The prosody of early multi-word speech: word order and its intonational realization in the speech of Italian children

Le but de cette recherche etait d'etudier, chez des enfants italiens, le developpement de la capacite a utiliser les caracteristiques prosodiques pour marquer differentes structures syntaxiques d'enonces a plusieurs termes, au cours de la premiere phase d'acquisition de la syntaxe. L'accent est mis sur les realisations prosodiques des enonces multi-mots dans lesquels les enfants commencent a utiliser les structures verbales (taille du vocabulaire > 400 mots, rang de LME entre 1,3 et 3,0). Les resultats ont montre d'une part que l'ordre non-canonique n'est pas marque par un type specifique de contours d'intonation et, d'autre part que les contours ne sont pas associes a des indices temporels ou frequentiels (FO max, min, etc.) specifiques. En revanche, lorsque le sujet est exprime dans les enonces canoniques, il est tres souvent marque par l'accent primaire.