Multiple Linear Models Research Articles

Analysis of Hospitalization Costs and Influencing Factors of AKI in Adult Patients

Objective: To investigate the economic burden of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) by analyzing the distribution of hospitalization expenses and its influencing factors in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University. Methods: The hospitalization information of patients with AKI from January 2020 to January 2023 was collected and sorted through the hospital charging system and the factors affecting the total hospitalization cost were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results: Univariate analysis showed that age, occupation, marriage, length of hospitalization, recovery of renal function, and stage of AKI had significant effects on hospitalization cost (P < 0.05). The result of the multiple linear regression analysis model showed that age (t = 4.11, P < 0.0001), length of hospitalization (t = 16.10, P < 0.0001), recovery of renal function (t = 3.26, P < 0.0001), AKI stage (t = 5.23, P = 0.002) are factors affecting the economic burden of patients with AKI. Conclusion: AKI patients should be managed according to age stratification to effectively control the progression of the disease and improve the quality of the medical services provided. This will reduce the economic burden of patients.

Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Kidney Health Assessed in the Population-Based CHRIS Study Using Reduced Rank Regression

ObjectiveWhile diet plays a key role in CKD management, the potential for diet to impact CKD prevention in the general population is less clear. Using a priori knowledge, we derived disease-related dietary patterns (DPs) through reduced rank regression (RRR) and investigated associations with kidney function, separately focusing on generally healthy individuals and those with self-reported kidney diseases, hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Methods8,686 participants from the population-based Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study were split into a group free of kidney disease, hypertension and diabetes (n=6,133) and a group with any of the three conditions (n=2,553). Diet was assessed through the self-administered GA2LEN food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and DPs were derived through RRR selecting FFQ-derived sodium, potassium, phosphorus and protein intake as mediators. Outcomes were creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), CKD and microalbuminuria. Multiple linear and logistic models were used to assess associations between RRR-based DPs and kidney outcomes separately in the two analytic groups. ResultsWe identified three DPs, where high adherence reflected high levels of all nutrients (DP1), high potassium-phosphorus and low protein-sodium levels (DP2), and low potassium-sodium and high protein-phosphorus levels (DP3), respectively. We observed heterogeneous associations with kidney outcomes, varying by analytic group and sex. Kidney outcomes were much more strongly associated with DPs than with single nutrients. ConclusionRRR is a feasible approach to estimate disease-related DPs and explore the combined effects of nutrients on kidney health. Heterogeneous associations across kidney outcomes suggest possible specificity to kidney function or damage. In individuals reporting kidney disease, hypertension or diabetes, specific dietary habits were associated with better kidney health, indicating that disease-specific dietary interventions can be effective for disease control.

The phenotype of recovery XI: associations of sleep quality and perceived stress with discounting and quality of life in substance use recovery

PurposeSleep and stress show an interdependent relationship in physiology, and both are known risk factors for relapse in substance use disorder (SUD) recovery. However, sleep and stress are often investigated independently in addiction research. In this exploratory study, the associations of sleep quality and perceived stress with delay discounting (DD), effort discounting (ED), and quality of life (QOL) were examined concomitantly to determine their role in addiction recovery. DD has been proposed as a prognostic indicator of SUD treatment response, ED is hypothesized to be relevant to the effort to overcome addiction, and QOL is an important component in addiction recovery.MethodAn online sample of 118 individuals recovering from SUDs was collected through the International Quit and Recovery Registry. Exhaustive model selection, using the Bayesian Information Criterion to determine the optimal multiple linear model, was conducted to identify variables (i.e., sleep quality, perceived stress, and demographics) contributing to the total variance in DD, ED, and QOL.ResultsAfter model selection, sleep was found to be significantly associated with DD. Stress was found to be significantly associated with psychological health, social relationships, and environment QOL. Both sleep and stress were found to be significantly associated with physical health QOL. Neither sleep nor stress was supported as an explanatory variable of ED.ConclusionTogether, these findings suggest sleep and stress contribute uniquely to the process of addiction recovery. Considering both factors when designing interventions and planning for future research is recommended.

Breaking the budget chains: Empowering Iraqi small- and medium-sized enterprises through Beyond Budgeting

Background: Traditional budgeting has faced criticism, leading researchers to explore alternative management control methods such as Beyond Budgeting. Despite its potential benefits, Beyond Budgeting adoption remains limited.Aim: This research investigates Beyond Budgeting’s effect on Iraqi small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) performance, focusing on competitive advantage.Setting: The study targets Iraqi SMEs, considering their diverse business landscape. A random sample of 353 accountants was chosen from a research community of 22 974 individuals. SPSS and AMOS 26 software and a custom questionnaire were used.Method: The authors conducted multiple linear regression analysis and Structural Equation Modeling to address our study’s objectives. Additionally, we utilised maximum likelihood procedures to assess factor loadings, construct validity and reliability.Results: Beyond Budgeting implementation significantly affected both financial and nonfinancial performance. It demonstrated positive effects on cost leadership and competitive advantage differentiation. However, an indirect negative impact on nonfinancial performance was observed through the influence on cost leadership, suggesting a trade-off between cost reduction and other nonfinancial factors.Conclusion: The study acknowledges limitations in sample size and the need for considering additional factors. Further research is required to understand Beyond Budgeting’s limited adoption in Iraq. The study contributes valuable insights on Beyond Budgeting as a substitute for traditional approaches, benefiting managers and policymakers.Contribution: This study emphasises Beyond Budgeting’s significant impact on Iraqi SME performance, highlighting the relationship between Beyond Budgeting, competitive advantage strategies, financial and nonfinancial performance. The findings provide insights for enhancing budgeting practices in Iraqi SMEs.

What Predicts COVID-Specific Symptoms of Stress in Children and Adolescents, Virus Threats or Social Distancing?

The COVID-19 crisis may have deleterious effects on children's and adolescents' mental health. However, there have been no published studies in which the COVID-related stress symptoms were investigated in a French ordinary pediatric population. The main objective of this study was to examine virus threats and social distancing measures to determine which were more disturbing for children and adolescents, and which were better predictors of post traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). 1639 parents of children aged between 1 and 18 participated in an online survey. Parents completed questionnaires regarding their children's and adolescents' mental health while in the first French confinement. The data showed that most children and adolescents had PTSS, such as irritability and tantrums, intrusive thoughts or memories, difficulties in falling asleep, aggression, trouble concentrating, and negative emotions. Multiple linear models supported that both virus threats and social distancing- related disturbances were predictors of PTSS scores, with social distancing being a stronger predictor of PTSS scores than virus threats. Additional analyses across age groups revealed that social distancing measures predicted two times more PTSS than virus threat measures in toddlers, while virus threat measures were a stronger predictor of PTSS in adolescents. This is the first study that has investigated stress symptoms in a French pediatric population during the first French confinement episode because of the COVID-19 crisis.

Pengaruh Rasio Tunggakan Dan Rasio Penagihan Terhadap Profitabilitas (Survey Pada PT. Bank National Nobu Tbk Cabang Palembang Square Periode 2018-2020)

This study aims to analyze the effect of the arrears ratio and collection ratio on profitability at PT Bank National Nobu Tbk Palembang Square Branch. The sample selection was determined by purposive sampling from the year of 2018 to 2020. The analytical model used in this study was a multiple linear regression analysis model. Based on the results of research and analysis conducted, it can be concluded that partially the ratio of arrears has no effect on profitability at PT Bank National Nobu Tbk Palembang Square Branch. While the billing ratio has an effect on profitability at PT Bank National Nobu Tbk. Meanwhile, the ratio of arrears and the ratio of collections together affects the profitability of PT Bank National Nobu Tbk. This research is expected to be additional literature on the topic of corporate profitability.

Analysis Of The Influence of Organizational Culture, Work Discipline, And Job Satisfaction On Employee Performance At Pt. Bank Syariah Indonesia Office Area Semarang City

This study aims to analyze the significant effect of Organizational Culture, Work Discipline, and Job Satisfaction on Employee Work Productivity with Work Motivation as a Moderating Variable at Bank Syariah Indonesia Branch Office of the Student Army Soldiers in Semarang City, either simultaneously or partially. The population in this study were all employees of Bank Syariah Indonesia Semarang City Area Office, while the sample in this study were 34 respondents who became employees of Bank Syariah Indonesia Semarang City Area Office who were selected using a saturated sampling technique. The data used in this study are primary data obtained through distributing questionnaires. The analysis model used in this study was the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Model, while the data analysis technique used a simultaneous significance test (F test), coefficient of determination test (R2), and partial significance test (t-test) which were processed with the SPSS 25.00 program. The results of proving the hypothesis and discussion show that the variables of organizational culture, work discipline, and job satisfaction simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance at PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Semarang City Area Office. Partially, the organizational culture and work discipline variables each have a positive and significant effect, while the job satisfaction variable partially has a positive but not significant effect on employee performance at PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Semarang City Area Office.
 Keywords: Employee Performance, Organizational Culture, Work Discipline, Job Satisfaction

The role of the cultural context in moderating the effect between the presence of women directors and firm environmental innovation

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between the presence of women in board of directors and environmental innovation and the moderating role of the cultural context in terms of gender inequality through the lens of Social Identity Theory. We measured the presence of women directors as board gender diversity, presence of only one woman director and presence of at least three women directors. We measured environmental innovation using environmental patents, also distinguishing among Air Pollution, Solid Waste, and Water Pollution. The sample consists of 2453 manufacturing firms operating in Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Germany. The Multiple Linear Regression Poisson models performed suggest that the presence of women directors do not affect or reduce environmental innovation, while gender inequality in the cultural context plays a negative moderating role. This study contributes to literature as it clarifies the previous contradictory results and investigates the moderating role of the cultural context.

Determinants of immunoglobulin G responses to respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus in children and adults.

Exposure to respiratory viruses is a significant cause of morbidity and affects virus-specific antibody levels. Little is known about determinants associated with immune response to these viruses. We aimed to investigate the determinants of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)- and rhinovirus (RV)- specific IgG responses in both children and adults. The study is based on the EGEA cohort, composed of 530 samples of children in EGEA1 (1991-95) and 1241 samples of adults in EGEA2 (2003-07). Cumulative RV-specific IgG levels (species A, B and C) and IgG levels to RSV-G protein were measured by using micro-array technoloy. Multiple linear mixed models (random effect to account for familial dependence) were performed to assess associations between age, sex, body mass index (BMI), tobacco smoke exposure and season of blood sampling with RSV-and RV-specific IgG levels. In children (11.1 ± 2.8 years old, 57% boys), higher RV-specific IgG levels were associated with older age (only for RV-B), female sex and lower BMI, while only older age was associated with higher RSV-specific IgG levels. In adults (43.5 ± 16.7 years old, 48% men), younger age, female sex, lower BMI, active smoking and all seasons except summer were associated with higher RV-specific IgG levels. Older age, active smoking and all seasons except summer were associated with higher RSV-specific IgG levels. Personal and seasonal determinants of RSV- and RV-specific IgG levels seem to vary according to the respiratory virus type and between children and adults, suggesting different patterns of responses along the life course.

Measuring Online Customer Satisfaction Based on Customer Reviews: Topic Modeling Method Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) Algorithm

Companies invest significant resources in retaining their customers. Nonetheless, organizations have witnessed customer attrition due to inadequate loyalty. This trend is particularly prevalent among online customer bases. The root cause of this issue lies in the absence of an effective tool for measuring online customer satisfaction that surpasses the capabilities of existing methods. To address this concern, a quantitative study explored the dimensions of online customer satisfaction measurement and established a model applicable across industries for gauging and predicting online customer satisfaction. This was accomplished by conducting an online survey via SurveyMonkey with 384 respondents, employing supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques in conjunction with the topic modeling algorithm, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The findings of this study revealed a significant relationship between predictor variables such as navigation, playfulness, information quality, trust, personalization, and responsiveness and the target variable, online customer satisfaction, employing multiple linear modeling (LSM). Furthermore, it was observed that this phenomenon transcends age groups, impacting both younger and older customers alike. However, it is essential to acknowledge certain limitations, including the risk of overfitting, challenges in establishing external validity, a narrow focus on the retail sector (B2C), and a restricted scope limited to the United States market.

Impact of Prefracture Cognitive Impairment and Postoperative Delirium on Recovery after Hip Fracture Surgery

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the impact of prefracture cognitive impairment (CI) severity and postoperative delirium on recovery after hip fracture surgery in older patients. DesignProspective study with a 1-year follow-up. Setting and ParticipantsWe included 355 patients aged ≥80 years from 2 acute hospitals in Japan. MethodsBarthel Index (BI) ambulation scores were assessed prefracture and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The score at each time point minus the prefracture score was used as the ambulation recovery variable. The 21-item Dementia Assessment Sheet for the Community-based Care System (DASC-21) and Confusion Assessment Method were used to assess CI severity and delirium, respectively. The impacts of CI severity and delirium on recovery at 1 month and by 12 months postoperatively were examined. Linear multiple regression and linear mixed effects models were used. ResultsBI ambulation scores remained the same or improved from prefracture levels in 26.8%, 34.4%, 33.0%, and 30.4% of patients at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Ten patients (2.8%) had fall-related hip fractures, 20 (5.6%) were rehospitalized, and 43 (12.1%) died during this period. Although DASC-21 CI severity significantly affected the recovery both at 1 month and by 12 months postoperatively [standardized β (Stdβ) = −0.39, P < .0001, and Stdβ = −0.37, P < .0001, respectively], delirium did not. Other variables affecting recovery by 12 months postoperatively included prefracture BI ambulation scores, Mini Mental State Examination scores, age, fracture type, place of residence, and time. Conclusions and ImplicationsPostoperative ambulation recovery, excluding the effect of death and other poor outcomes, is influenced by prefracture CI severity, and the presence of delirium itself may not be the moderating variable. These results emphasize the importance of treatment planning based on prefracture CI severity and indicate that assessments such as the DASC-21 may be useful in implementing such a plan.

Analisis Harga, Kualitas Produk dan Kepuasan Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Mcdonald Gresik: Studi pada Pengguna Aplikasi Limited Time Offer

This study aims to examine Price, Product Quality, Satisfaction with Mcdonalds Gresik Customer Loyalty in the use of the Limited Time Offer application. The population in this study is all people who use or customers who use the Limited Time Offer application in Gresik using the nonprobability sampling method of 76 respondents as a sample. The source of data in this study is primary data, which is the result of distributing questionnaires to respondents. The type of data used is subjective data in the form of written responses as questionnaire responses. The analysis model used in this study is a multiple linear regression analysis model. To determine the significance of research variables partially on work productivity, t-test techniques are used. By using a level of 5% or 0.05. The results show that Price affects Loyalty but Product Quality and Satisfaction do not affect McDonalds Gresik Customer Loyalty.

The Influence of Financial Knowledge, Financial Experience, and Income on Financial Management Behavior of Civil Servants in Pontianak City

This research aims to determine the influence of financial knowledge, financial experience and income on the financial management behavior of civil servants in the city of Pontianak. This type of research uses an associative research method. The population in this study were civil servants in 16 government agencies in Pontianak City, totaling 150 people. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling. The data analysis tools used in this research are multiple linear regression analysis, multiple correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R2), simultaneous test (F test) and partial test (t). The results of this research show that the multiple linear regression equation model is Y = 23.248 + 0.018X1 + 0.291X2 + 0.475X3 + e. The correlation coefficient value shows an R value of 0.507, this value shows that financial knowledge (X1), financial experience (X2) and income (X3) with financial management behavior (Y) have a fairly strong correlation. The results of the coefficient of determination value show an R2 value of 0.257, which means that financial knowledge, financial experience and income influence the ups and downs of financial management behavior by 25.7% and the remaining 74.3% is influenced by other factors not examined in this research. The results of the simultaneous test (Test F) show that there is a significant influence simultaneously (together) between financial knowledge, financial experience and income on financial management behavior. The results of the partial test (t test) show that there is no partial significant influence between financial knowledge on financial management behavior and there is a partial significant influence of financial experience and income on the financial management behavior of civil servants in the city of Pontianak.

Artificial neural network and multiple linear regression modeling for predicting thermal transmittance of plain-woven cotton fabric

The present research compares a machine learning model with a statistical model, with specific emphasis on artificial neural networks and multiple linear regression models. The aim of this study is to forecast the thermal transmittance of a plain-woven cotton fabric using input data such as thread density measured in ends per inch, picks per inch, and fabric thickness. The artificial neural network is built using a network with feed-forward backpropagation, and the MATLAB software’s training function trainlm is used to modify its weight and basic values based on Levenberg–Marquardt optimization techniques. The sigmoid transfer function is used to set the layer output and measure network performance in terms of the root mean squared error, mean absolute error percentage, and coefficient of determination which were determined. For the artificial neural network prediction model, the root mean squared error and mean absolute error percentage were 1.05 and 3.132%, respectively, while the coefficient of determination was 0.9307. In contrast, the multiple linear regression prediction model had root mean squared error and mean absolute error percentage values of 2.98 and 8.97%, respectively, along with a coefficient of determination of 0.4727. The results reveal that the artificial neural network model outperforms the multiple linear regression model, showing superior accuracy and robustness in capturing the intricate interactions between important fabric parameters (ends per inch, picks per inch, and thickness) and thermal transmittance values. This research emphasizes the efficiency of artificial neural network modeling as a superior tool for forecasting thermal transmittance in textile applications rather than employing the time-consuming trial-and-error process for delivering significant insights for material engineering and energy-efficient design.

PENGARUH INFORMASI AKUNTANSI BIAYA DAN CSR TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN

This research aims to determine the effect of cost accounting information proxied by production costs and CSR disclosure on company value as proxied by Tobin's Q. The company that is the object of this research is a food and beverage sub sector manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The sample in this study consisted of 11 companies using purposive sampling. The analysis model used in this research is a multiple linear regression analysis model. The t-test results show that the production cost variable has a negative effect on company value. Additionally, it is found that CSR disclosure also exhibited a negative correlation with company value, implying that companies engaging in more CSR activities may not necessarily witness a commensurate increase in their valuation. These outcomes contribute valuable insights into the complex dynamics between cost accounting, CSR practices, and corporate value in the context of the examined food and beverage sub sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to collect data that demonstrates how various financial ratios affect the development of a company's bottom line. Multiple ratios are used in the analysis, such as the Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Total Asset Turnover (TAT), and Net Profit Margin (NPM). This research covers the time period from 2017 to 2021 and is limited to manufacturing companies that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Eight of these organizations make up the sample size for this study. The f-test and t-test are used to examine the hypotheses, and the multiple linear regression analysis model is used for data analysis in this study. This investigation suggests that neither the Current Ratio (CR), nor the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), nor the Total Asset Turnover (TAT) significantly affects the development of profits. However, the Net Profit Margin (NPM) is found to be a highly important predictor of future profits. Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Total Asset Turnover (TAT), and Net Profit Margin (NPM) were used as independent variables in this investigation.

Human Capital, Education, and Economic Growth in Morocco: An Empirical Investigation

The purpose of our research is to investigate the impact of human capital as a proxy for education on Moroccan economic growth. We mobilize a database derived from the World Bank and Penn World Table for this purpose. According to empirical results based on multiple linear models, human capital is a significant driver of economic growth in Morocco. Other control variables, such as domestic credit provided by the banking sector, savings level, trade openness, government effectiveness, and regulatory quality, also had a positive impact on growth, but their significance was not confirmed. Based on the study, corruption has a negative and significant impact on economic growth.

Pengaruh Kinerja Pegawai terhadap Pengembangan Karir Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Karawang

This study aims to determine the effect of employee performance on the career development of the Public Works Service and Karawang regency spatial planning. This type of research is quantitative research with descriptive and verification research methods. The sample in this study was 175. The sampling technique used in this study was saturated sampling. The analysis model in this study uses a multiple linear regression analysis model. The results of the study show that there is an influence between employee performance on the career development of the Public Works Office and spatial planning of the Karawang regency.

A Time Duration Optimization Model for the Construction of Piles

Time and adequate management of the scheduling of activities are very critical in every construction project. This study formulated a multiple linear regression optimization model to address issues bordering on delays in pile construction operations. A 300mm diameter reinforced concrete pile, 5.4m long, with a plastic casing was used. A total of 32 piles were constructed in a silty soil completely submerged in water at Bonny, Nigeria. The friction piles were constructed serially with a boring method, while the soil was extracted with the piling auger. The volumes of the extracted soil and concrete poured to fill the holes were accounted for, theoretically and actually. The same was done for the reinforcement cages installed in each pile shaft. The model was formulated and tested using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The model was found to be fit, adequate, and highly accurate with an R2 value of 0.874.

Abstract TP91: Baseline Comorbidities and Functional Status Are Associated With Subacute Post-Stroke Aphasia Severity

Speech or language changes are just one of the critical stroke warning signs. While symptoms may resolve with treatment, there are individuals for whom aphasia persists. The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of which factors are associated with aphasia status in the first six months after left hemisphere stroke to aid clinicians in discussing prognosis and preparing patients for what to expect in recovery. The sample consisted of a subset of individuals from a large, ongoing, federally funded, observational study of speech and language profiles, for whom an NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) total score was available (N=59, 35 female, mean age at stroke= 65 years, range = 38-92). We analyzed the complex interaction between the baseline medical (reperfusion/surgical intervention; comorbid hypertension, atrial fibrillation, high cholesterol, diabetes), functional (NIHSS total score), and demographic (age, sex, race) characteristics associated with the Quick Aphasia Battery (QAB) overall score, a measure of aphasia severity, using multiple linear regression. An additional one-way ANOVA was conducted to examine the relationship between baseline (NIHSS language subtest rating) and subacute aphasia status. The multiple linear model of the relationship between baseline factors and subacute aphasia severity was significant (F(114, 43)=1.956, p=0.047), though it accounted for less than 40% of the variance in aphasia severity scores. Of the factors included in the model, hypertension (F(1, 43)=4.513, p=0.039) and NIHSS total score (F(1, 43), p&lt;0.001) were significant. In our secondary analysis, the one-way ANOVA was significant (F(3, 50)=6.106, p=0.001) with individuals rated as normal having, on average, a 3 point difference (p=.001) in overall QAB score from those rated as mute at baseline. This study examined the association between baseline comorbidities and functional status in adults with subacute post-stroke aphasia. We noted that hypertension and baseline NIHSS total score are significantly related to aphasia severity as measured by the QAB overall score in the subacute phase. Although much variation exists, our results may indicate that those with unimpaired language at baseline tend to perform better later in recovery.