Multiple Frequency Analysis Research Articles

Comparison of EEG signal statistical parameters between healthy and SARS-CoV-2 affected individuals

This paper proposes a methodology for selecting and analyzing electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to compare patients with neurological changes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection with healthy individuals. The processing approach involves multiple steps, including windowing, filtering, and frequency analysis, all applied to the EEG data. These methods ensure a clear distinction between healthy and affected brain activity. After processing, key statistical parameters are extracted, averaged, and visualized to highlight the differences between the two groups. Specifically, skewness, kurtosis, and dominant frequency show notable variations. Skewness measures the asymmetry of the signal, kurtosis reflects the sharpness of the peaks, and dominant frequency captures the most prominent oscillations in the brain's activity. The analysis reveals that these parameters significantly differ between healthy individuals and those with neurological changes due to the virus. These differences can provide insights into the neurological impacts of SARS-CoV-2, offering a potential basis for further diagnosis and monitoring. Overall, the proposed methodology presents a systematic way to understand and compare the brain function of affected individuals against healthy controls.

교육현장적용을 중심으로 한 에듀테인먼트 분야의 국내 연구동향 분석

This paper aims to draw implications for future research on edutainment with particular focus on applying edutainment in the classroom setting through a stock-taking effort of Korean research on edutainment. Employing multiple frequency analysis and cross-analysis of the findings between this paper and our previous trend analysis of edutainment research in Korea (Lee & Kim, 2015), we have analyzed a total of 54 research, 40 peer-reviewed articles and 14 dissertations, related to edutainment that have been published from 2015 to 2022. We primarily find that first, through a comparison of the naïve frequency of edutainment research papers before and after 2015, the number of research publications post-2015 are in decline which contrasts with the trend of increasing academic attention to edutainment pre-2015. Second, with regards to the type of edutainment’s application in the classroom, we find that the use of the latest technology such as virtual and augmented reality has increased. Moreover, the use of edutainment has appeared for a wider variety of educational contents. In addition, when it comes to the effectiveness of edutainment in education, the importance of mutual interactivity rather than academic scores appears to be highlighted. Drawing from these findings, we present the direction of future research on edutainment’s application to educational settings for strengthened effectiveness of edutainment.

SItomo – A toolbox for splitting intensity tomography and application in the Eastern Alps

The tomographic inversion of shear wave splitting data for upper mantle anisotropy has been a longstanding challenge. This is due to the ray-based approximation of classical approaches and the near-vertical incidence of the core-mantle converted phases such as SKS that are often used. Recent developments include the calculation of finite-frequency sensitivity kernels for SKS splitting intensity observations, which allows us to accurately take into account the sensitivity to anisotropic structure with depth. A requirement of this tomographic technique is a dense station spacing, which results in overlapping sensitivity kernels at depth and allows for the localization of anisotropic structure. This is satisfied by a growing number of temporary seismic deployments, which motivates the desire to image anisotropic complexities with depth. Here, we introduce and make available a toolbox for the MATLAB environment that facilitates the application of finite-frequency splitting intensity tomography to dense seismic arrays. Our implementation includes several key features, including: 1) A forward calculation of splitting intensities and sensitivity kernels for a complex anisotropic model space. 2) Consideration of the dominant period of the wave, allowing for multiple-frequency analysis, as well as the incoming wave’s non-vertical incidence. 3) The inversion can be based on a classical gradient descent, on a form of the conjugate gradient method known as the BFGS algorithm, or on a gradient-informed stochastic reversible jump algorithm, allowing for a data-driven parametrization of the model space. 4) Importing splitting intensity measurements from waveforms processed in SplitRacer allows for fast pre-processing of large data sets due to its fully automatic design. To illustrate our method, we present both synthetic tests and an application to real data. We apply our inversion procedure to data from the Swath-D network, which densely covers the transition of the Central to the Eastern Alps. Previous studies showed evidence for an abrupt lateral change of layered seismic anisotropy that had been attributed to an opening for channeled asthenospheric flow. Using an SKS splitting intensity tomography approach, we can confirm previous inferences while providing additional constraints on the distribution of anisotropy laterally and with depth.

James A. Banks의 다문화교육과정 개혁을 위한 접근법에 대한 재고

Objectives In the field of multicultural curriculum research, Banks' approach to multicultural curriculum reform is recognized as one of the representative theories. However, as some theories fixed the discussion of multicultural curriculum, the external expansion of multicultural curriculum theory was limited. In this study, the validity of Banks’ approach was examined from various angles through Schwab's practical approach.
 Methods As part of Schwab's arts of practical, a survey of 316 teachers was conducted, and multiple response analysis, frequency analysis, and cross-analysis were conducted. As part of Schwab's arts of eclectic, the root cause of the problems of Banks' theory appeared in the survey was explored through literature analysis.
 Results As a result of analyzing the first research question, Banks' multicultural education approach consisted of four approaches: a contributions approach, an additive approach, a transformation approach, and a decision-mak-ing and social action approach, and gradation and value sequence were inherent among them. As a result of the analysis of the second research question, there were many gaps between the practice and awareness of field teachers' multicultural education from Banks' theory. As a result of the analysis of the third research question, the gap problem in Banks' theory is fundamentally lack of philosophical arrangement for each approach, inherent ele-ments that can encourage value sequencing of educational activities by school level, Ignoring the multilayered ap-plicability of approaches according to the complexity and context of educational content, and the specific scope of curriculum transformation was absent in the transformative approach.
 Conclusions It was suggested, first, Banks' approach to reforming the multicultural curriculum needs to reinforce philosophical discussions, second, after restoring the equivalence of educational order or educational value among approaches, to modify the approach so that it can be used selectively according to the educational content, third, to provide specific guidelines so that teachers can apply them.

장애위험 영유아의 조기발견 및 조기개입에 대한 국공립 장애아통합어린이집 보육교사의 인식과 실태 및 지원 요구

In this study, a survey was conducted to find out the perception and support needs for early identification and early intervention of at-risk young children, targeting child care and education teachers of public inclusive child care and education centers for young children with disabilities. A total of 116 questionnaires were used as final analysis data. And using SPSS 29.0, frequency analysis, multiple response frequency analysis, and content analysis were performed according to the characteristics of the items. The research results are as follows. First, participants at public inclusive child care and education centers for young children with disabilities collected information on at-risk young children through regular observation and anecdotal records, and then diagnosed them using a screening tool. Second, participants mainly recognized the behavioral characteristics of young children with autism as well as developmental delays as behavioral characteristics of at-risk young children. Third, participants are aware of the needs for early identification and early intervention, but they are experiencing difficulties due to lack of related knowledge and differences in views between parents and public inclusive child care and education centers. Fourth, participants requested support from special education experts, training to strengthen child care and education teachers’ competency, reduced teacher-to-child ratio, and systematic and professional institutional support for early identification and early intervention of at-risk young children. This study is meaningful in that it provided basic data for the establishment of a support system for early identification and early intervention of at-risk young children.

Spectroscopic and photometric study of the pulsating eclipsing binary HIP 28271

We report the results of the detailed study of the single-lined eclipsing binary HIP 28271 with time-series high-resolution spectra and high-precision TESS photometry. The binary modeling indicates that HIP 28271 has a short orbital period of 2.7404254−4e−7+9e−7 days, with an eccentricity ofeorb = 0.0062−0.0013+0.0006. Our light-curve analysis leads to the masses and radii for both components as follows: M1 = 2.63−0.10+0.09M⊙, R1 = 3.81−0.07+0.05R⊙, and M2 = 0.86−0.02+0.02M⊙, R2 = 0.84−0.01+0.01R⊙. Multiple frequency analyses of the residual light curves yields 23 significant pulsation signals, including ten independent frequencies. The pulsation periods and constants for the ten independent frequencies, and the physical parameters suggest that the primary component of HIP 28271 is a δ Sct pulsator.

A Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Short-period Algol EW Boötis with a δ Sct Pulsator

In this paper, we present Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry and high-resolution spectra of the short-period Algol EW Boo. We obtained double-lined radial velocities (RVs) from the time-series spectra and measured the effective temperature of the primary star as T eff,1 = 8560 ± 118 K. For the orbital period study, we collected all times of minima available for over the last 30 yr. It was found that the eclipse timing variation of the system could be represented by a periodic oscillation of 17.6 ± 0.3 yr with a semiamplitude of 0.0041 ± 0.0001 day. The orbital and physical parameters were derived by simultaneously analyzing the TESS light and RV curves using the Wilson–Devinney (WD) binary star modeling code. The component masses and radii were showed over 3% precision: M 1 = 2.67 ± 0.08 M ⊙, M 2 = 0.43 ± 0.01 M ⊙, R 1 = 2.01 ± 0.02 R ⊙, and R 2 = 1.35 ± 0.01 R ⊙. Furthermore, multiple frequency analyses were performed for the light-curve residuals from the WD model. As a result, we detected 17 pressure-mode pulsations in the region of 40.15–52.37 day−1. The absolute dimensions and pulsation characteristics showed that the δ Sct pulsator was the more massive and hotter primary star of the EW Boo.

한국어 학습자의 정의적 요인과 전화한국어 만족도 연구

Objectives This study is focused on finding the satisfaction of Korean learners learning Korean by telephone. Methods The survey was conducted on 39 Korean learners to find out the satisfaction of learning Korean by telephone. Multiple response frequency analysis was conducted to investigate which linguistic area of the learners was most affted by learning Korean by telephone. After that, the correlation analysis between anxiety, interest, attitude, efficacy, and satisfaction, which are personal factors of the learners, was examined. Also, regression analysis was conducted to check if the factor with the highest correlation with satisfaction affect the satisfaction of learning Korean by telephone. Results In the survey, learners responded that they felt that ‘speaking’ improved the most among listening, reading, and speaking, and that they received the most help in the pronunciation aspect of speaking. In addition, among the individual factors of learners, the correlation between self-efficacy and satisfaction was the highest, and it was confirmed that self-efficacy influenced satisfaction. Conclusions Through this, it was found that the platform called ‘learning Korean by telephone’ is helpful for learning pronunciation from among the different areas of speaking. In addition, it turned out that the higher the learners' efficacy, the higher the satisfaction of learning Korean by telephone, so it was found that a teacher of teaching Korean by telephone who is able to increase self-efficacy would be needed.

The Psychosocial Risk Factors Evaluation and Management of Shift Personnel at Forest Harvesting

The study describes psychosocial risk factors at work in relation to the general functional state of a body, working capacity and stress among shift workers at a logging enterprise in the Far North. The study involved 153 loggers with a 14-day shift period. Research methods included the psychophysiological instrumental method (variocardiointervalometry) used to assess the general functional state of a body, M. Luscher’s color test to assess working capacity and stress and QNordic to assess psychosocial factors. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple stepwise regression analysis and frequency analysis. It was found that 71.1% of employees have a favorable general functional state of the body, 28.9%—unfavorable; the forest loggers who took part in the survey have a high level of working capacity and a low level of stress. It was substantiated that the general functional state of a body, stress and working capacity, measured by objective and subjective methods, are differentially interconnected with psychosocial factors at work. The general functional state of forest harvesting workers is influenced by factors of labor content, intensity and organization. The relationships with the immediate supervisor are important in order to increase the working capacity and efficiency of employees as well as their involvement in work.

BD+47 378: An Eclipsing Binary Containing a δ Sct Pulsating Star

New high-resolution spectra of the eclipsing binary BD+47 378 were obtained on five nights between 2020 and 2021 with the Bohyunsan Observatory Echelle Spectrograph in Korea. We collected the TESS light curve of the system obtained from Sectors 17 to 18, which shows a flat bottom at the secondary eclipse, an O’Connell effect, and oscillation features. From the spectral analysis, the radial velocities (RVs) of the primary and secondary stars were obtained, and the temperature of the brighter and more massive primary component was determined to be 7140 ± 100 K. According to a simultaneous analysis of the double-lined RVs and TESS light curves, the masses and radii of both components are M 1 = 1.69 ± 0.03 M ⊙, M 2 = 0.80 ± 0.02 M ⊙, R 1 = 2.01 ± 0.01 R ⊙, and R 2 = 0.79 ± 0.01 R ⊙, respectively. The primary component of the system is located on the δ Sct and γ Dor instability strips. After subtracting the theoretical light curve from the TESS data, a total of four independent frequencies (5.7235 day−1, 6.2577 day−1, 6.9588 day−1, and 14.7675 day−1) were detected using the multiple frequency analysis. These frequencies are typical of a δ Sct pulsator. The results reveal that BD+47 378 is a detached system consisting of two main-sequence stars with a δ Sct type primary component.

액션 치어리딩 참여 활동 학생들의 인식, 가치, 만족도에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception, value, and satisfaction of students participating in action cheerleading. For the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted for about two months from October 2021 targeting a total of 543(91 males, 452 females) middle school, high school, and college students who are participating in action cheerleading. The surveyed data were analyzed using frequency analysis, multiple response frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis using the SPSS statistical program. One-way ANOVA was performed to determine the difference in satisfaction among the participants of action cheerleading activities. The resulting results are as follows. First, the perception of middle school and college students was highest for ‘action cheerleading is good’, and high school students have good teamwork. Next, middle and high school students showed a high level of fun, and college students showed a high level of

Satisfaction of industrial health care managers regarding the work of industrial hygiene engineers: a cross-sectional study.

A group health service is a system that delegates workplace health management to an entrusted institution. There have been various studies on group health services to date, but recent changes, such as an increase in foreign workers, are rapidly changing industry characteristics. Satisfaction was assessed using a 27-question survey distributed among 203 workplaces employing health professionals. The survey items consisted of general characteristics, comprehensive satisfaction, requirements for health professionals' work, and satisfaction with work environment management, ergonomic management, and healthcare management. Multiple regression and frequency analyses were performed. The comprehensive satisfaction was 4.08 points on average, out of 5. The comprehensive satisfaction of health professionals in the industry was positively correlated with each factor. Hazardous materials and chemical management (material safety data sheets, MSDSs) were the most common requirements. A low level of satisfaction with work environment management indicates high demand for healthcare management. The working environment should be improved by identifying characteristics of the workplace, examining harmful substances, inspecting equipment, and enhancing worker methods. The shorter the work experience of health professionals, the more dependent they are on group health services. The variables affecting comprehensive satisfaction were the period of work, healthcare management satisfaction, and work environment management satisfaction. Most of the requirements of health professionals in the workplace were practical improvement case presentations, MSDSs, and legal document management.

What Do Mothers Consider When Choosing Screen Media Programs for Their Infants?

This study aimed to understand what factors the mothers of infants consider to be important when choosing screen media programs for their children, and to investigate whether those features differ according to maternal socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., age, education level, employment status, and family income). The study participants comprised 948 mothers who were the primary caregivers and had at least one child aged 4-6. They were asked to select three of the following aspects as critical criteria for determining if a given screen media program is appropriate for infants: (a) contents suitable to the child’s developmental level, (b) behaviors of characters, (c) appearance of characters, (d) visual aspects of program, (e) duration of screen media program, (f) whether the screen media program includes instructive contents, and (g) whether the program leads to opportunities for conversations among family members and activities with children. Multiple response frequency analysis and multiple response cross-analysis were used to analyze the mothers’ responses. The results revealed that the majority of the mothers reported that ‘contents suitable to the child’s developmental level’ represented the first-ranked criterion for selecting screen media programs for their child, which was followed by ‘behaviors of characters,’ and ‘whether the screen media program includes instructive contents.’ However, such criteria for screen media programs for infants differed according to maternal age, education level, employment status, and family income. These outcomes suggest that different information needs to be provided based on maternal characteristics in order to help mothers determine the quality of screen media programs for their infants.

Pulsation and Rotation of the EL CVn-type Eclipsing Binary 1SWASP J024743.37-251549.2

Abstract EL CVn-type eclipsing binaries are composed of a massive A-type main-sequence primary star and a hotter B-type secondary star. This paper presents the time-series photometric and asteroseismic results of the EL CVn-type star 1SWASP J024743.37-251549.2. Well-defined eclipsing light curves were constructed by using the novel high-cadence BV data and archival TESS data, and the physical parameters of each binary component were derived by modeling the light curves. Multiple frequency analysis was performed to investigate the pulsation properties of the binary components. A reliable signal could not be detected in the high-frequency region of 100–300 day−1, unlike in the previous discovery of three frequencies around 200 day−1. This indicates that the pulsation amplitudes of the prehelium white dwarf secondary component decreased considerably. By contrast, 12 frequencies were detected in the range of 33–53 day−1. Most of them were classified as δ Sct-type pulsations originating from the primary star. Theoretical frequencies for the seismic analysis were obtained by adding the nonrotating model frequencies from the GYRE and their rotational shifts from the complete calculation approach. Grid-based fitting was conducted for various stellar properties. The theoretical frequencies and stellar parameters of the best solution concurred well with the observations. The rotation rate was constrained to 1.50 ± 0.02 day−1, indicating the synchronized rotation of the primary star. The results imply that the complete approach based on the polytropic model is applicable to the seismic analysis of fast-rotating δ Sct stars.

중학생과 고등학생의 수면미충족 유형과 자살생각과의 연관성

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the association between sleep insufficient type and suicidal ideation among Korean middle and high school student. Methods: The data for this study was the 2018 Youth Health Behavior Survey. Sleep insufficient type was classified 4 categories(Type of quantitative and qualitative sufficient; Type of quantitative insufficient; Type of qualitative insufficient. Type of quantitative and qualitative insufficient). Multiple frequency and multiple chi-square analysis was performed. And multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to the association between sleep insufficient type and suicidal ideation for middle and high school students. Results: 40.1% of middle school students reported that they felt subjective sleep sufficient and slept more than the average sleep duration while 30.4% of high school students stated they did. For middle school students, the odds ratio(OR) of suicidal ideation in Type of quantitative insufficient was 1.18 times(95%CI, 1.05-1.33), in Type of qualitative insufficient was 1.37 times(95% CI, 1.18-1.60), in Type of quantitative and qualitative insufficient was 1.58 times(95% CI, 1.40-1.77) higher than Type of quantitative and qualitative sufficient. For high school students, the odds ratio of suicidal ideation in Type of quantitative insufficient was 1.26 times(95%CI, 1.08-1.47), in Type of quantitative and qualitative insufficient was 1.20 times(95% CI, 1.05-1.36) higher than Type of quantitative and qualitative sufficient. Conclusion: Sleep insufficient type and other characteristics for suicidal ideation were different among middle and high school students. In order to reduce suicidal ideation and suicide mortality, it might need to improve the sleep insufficient for the students and to intervention by student characteristics.

Association Between Intimate Partner Violence Subtypes and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Hazardous Substance Use.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common problem for women in the United States and is associated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as hazardous use of substances like alcohol and drugs. However, not all subtypes of IPV (i.e., physical, sexual, and psychological) are equally predictive of PTSD and hazardous substance use. Although previous research suggests that psychological IPV has the strongest relative effect on PTSD symptoms and substance use, there is less research on IPV subtypes' cumulative effects. In this study, we examined the relative and cumulative effects of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV on PTSD symptoms and hazardous substance use in a sample of women in the United States recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 793) using bootstrapped multiple regression and configural frequency analyses. Results suggest that physical IPV had the most pronounced influence (medium-large effect sizes) on substance use across women, but that the cumulative effects of all three IPV subtypes were most closely associated with diagnostic levels of both PTSD and substance use at the level of groups of women. These findings clarify and extend previous research on the differential effects of IPV subtypes and provide directions for future research and clinical intervention.

The Pre-He White Dwarfs in Eclipsing Binaries. II. WASP 0843–11

Abstract We present the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry and our high-resolution spectra of the EL CVn–type star 1SWASP J084356.46–113327.5 (WASP 0843–11), which consists of an F-type main-sequence (MS) star and a hotter low-mass helium white dwarf precursor (pre-He WD). In a spectral analysis, double-lined radial velocities (RVs) were obtained for the first time. From a simultaneous analysis of the TESS light and RV curves, the masses, radii, and temperatures of each component were determined to be M 1 = 1.733 ± 0.031 M ⊙, M 2 = 0.220 ± 0.008 M ⊙, R 1 = 2.094 ± 0.013 R ⊙, R 2 = 0.331 ± 0.003 R ⊙, T 1 = 6960 ± 120 K, and T 2 =9870 ± 310 K, respectively. According to their physical properties, the primary and secondary stars are located on the instability strips of δ Sct/γ Dor hybrids and extremely low-mass WDs, respectively. We applied multiple frequency analyses to the residual light curve after subtracting the binarity effects and detected a total of four independent frequencies. A frequency of f 3 = 1.6356 day−1 in the low-frequency region was reminiscent of γ Dor stars, while the other three frequencies of f 2, f 15, and f 18 in the high-frequency region (150–196 day−1) are probably related to pre-He WD components. Our results demonstrate that the more massive MS primary star of WASP 0843–11 is a γ Dor pulsator, whereas the hotter secondary component is a pre-He WD with high-frequency pulsations.

REVIEW OF THE COMMUNICATION LEVELS OF WOMEN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS ACCORDING TO FREE TIME ACTIVITIES

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to examine the communication levels of female volleyball players according to their leisure time activities. In addition, the communication levels of the participants according to their age, education, years of doing sports and the number of siblings were also examined. Method: Our sample group consists of 147 female volleyball players who played volleyball in volleyball clubs in Kütahya and Tekirdağ provinces in 2019. Descriptive research method was used in the research. Data were collected from volunteer participants by using the “Communication Skills Assessment Scale” (CIDI) developed by Korkut (1996). The scale has a single sub-dimension and consists of 25 items and the Cronbach Alpha value was found to be .86. By directing distribution normality to parametric tests, multiple frequency analysis, one-way variance and correlation analyzes were applied. Results: While there is no significant difference between age, education, number of siblings and communication skills of female volleyball players, there is a significant difference according to the year of doing sports and leisure time activities. The communication level of female volleyball players who have been playing sports for 4-9 years is higher than those who have been doing sports for 10 years or more. In addition, those who read books in their free time got the highest score, and those who went to the movies got the lowest score. In the correlation analysis, there is a weak positive relationship between the communication levels of volleyball players with reading books, and a weak negative relationship with the scores of going to the movies. Conclusion: According to the data results of 147 female volleyball players participating in the study, the communication skill scores of female volleyball players reading books in leisure activities were higher than the others.

Influence of Marketing-Mix(7P) on Re-choice, Loyalty and the Satisfaction of Child Care Center

본 연구는 어린이집 경영효율화를 위하여 Marketing mix 7P가 어린이집에 대한 만족도, 충성도 및 재선택 의도에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 서울특별시와 경기도 그리고 강원도 C시의 어린이집에 재원 중인 아동의 보호자를 대상으로 수집한 자료를 SPSS Statistics Program 21.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 상관분석 그리고 다중회귀분석 및 분산분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 어린이집 만족도는 의사소통, 보육환경, 건강·안전의 3개 요인으로 도출되었고, 충성도는 1개의 요인으로 추출되어 내적타당도를 확보하여 신뢰성이 검정되었다. 둘째, Marketing mix 7P는 만족도, 충성도 및 재선택 의도에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어린이집에 대한 만족도, 충성도 및 재선택 의도는 어린이집 유형에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 민간어린이집과 직장어린이집이 유의미한 차이가 있었으며, 민간어린이집의 평균이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과는 어린이집의 시장중심 경영효율화를 위하여 Marketing mix의 적용이 유의미함을 시사한다. 아울러 민간어린이집의 존립을 위하여 마케팅전략을 통해 만족도, 충성도를 향상시켜 어린이집을 재선택하도록 유도함으로써 원활한 원아모집과 이로 인한 경제적인 안정으로 원장과 교사들이 보육에만 집중하여 보육의 질이 보장되도록 운영할 수 있는 정보를 제공함에 의의가 있다.This research is to conform what Marketing-Mix(7p) influence on re-choice, loyalty and Satisfaction of Child Care Center for streamlining of management. In order to proceed, information was collected from Child Care teachers who attend centers in city of C in Kangwon-do, Kyeongki-do, and Seoul. Then it was examined by several methods which are multiple linear regression analysis, frequency analysis, and correlation analysis using SPSS Statistic program 21.0. In consequence of research, first of all, satisfaction of center shown to be having 3 factors which are communication, nursery environment, and heath · safety, loyalty has 1 factor. Considering these, the research is internally valid therefore it is proven to be reliable. Second, Marketing-Mix(7p) is effect to satisfaction, loyalty, and re-choice of center. Third, there is difference of intention between satisfaction, loyalty and re-choice of center depends on kinds of Child Care Center. Specially, reasonable difference is in between private center and center in workplaces. This result shows that applying of Marketing-Mix(7p) to market-focused streamlining management of center is meaningful. In addition, it is meaningful to provide information that for existence of center, improving satisfaction and loyalty to lead re-choice to the center by marketing strategy, smooth recruitment will occur therefore employee to be financially stable so they can focus on providing quality nursery.

Mapping the Dynamic Recruitment of Spinal Neurons during Fictive Locomotion.

The basic rhythmic activity that underlies stepping is generated by a neural network, situated in the spinal cord, known as the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG). While a series of lesion experiments have demonstrated that the mammalian locomotor CPG is distributed throughout the ventral portion of the caudal spinal cord, the specific transverse distribution of this neural network is unclear. Here we evoke fictive locomotor activity of various frequencies in upright spinal cords prepared from male and female neonatal mice. This preparation enables us to use an imaging approach to identify locomotor-related cells across the transverse plane of the spinal cord. Results indicate that there is a clear shift in the recruitment of cells toward the ventromedial, and away from the ventrolateral, spinal cord as the frequency of fictive locomotion increases. Surprisingly, the analysis of multiple frequencies of fictive locomotion in the same spinal cord indicates that few neurons are involved in locomotor outputs across multiple speeds. Collectively, these experiments allow us to map the transverse distribution of the locomotor CPG and highlight the pattern of dynamic recruitment that occurs within this neural circuit as the frequency is altered. Our findings are consistent with data indicating that there is a speed-dependent recruitment of interneuronal populations during locomotion and suggest that the locomotor CPG is not a static network, but rather the specific cells recruited vary extensively based on demand.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this article, we use an imaging approach to identify all those cells that are rhythmically active at the same frequency as fictive locomotion recorded from the ventral roots of the isolated spinal cord. These experiments allow us to map the distribution of locomotor-related cells across the transverse plane of the spinal cord and identify the recruitment pattern of these cells as the frequency of locomotor outputs is altered. Our results indicate that there are drastic changes in the specific neurons activated at different frequencies and provide support for the concept that the locomotor central pattern generator is a modular network with speed-dependent recruitment of interneuronal components.