Rate Of Movement Research Articles

Dead mammal walking: A month‐long march by a bison (Bison bison) after an ungulate–vehicle collision

AbstractGlobally, ungulate–vehicle collisions (UVCs) are a major human safety concern and may also represent a significant source of mortality for some ungulate populations. However, records of UVC based on counts of roadside carcasses or reports by drivers involved in these incidents are assuredly underestimated because not all ungulates struck die immediately or at the roadside or are reported by drivers or authorities. Here, we provide an observation and analysis of the movements of a GPS‐collared bison (Bison bison) that was involved in a UVC on the Alaska Highway and died in a thick boreal forest 29 days later. During that time, she moved 49.7 km from where she was hit. Her daily movement rate (in kilometers per hour) and daily net displacement (in kilometers per day) were significantly greater in the 29‐day period before she was struck compared with 29 days afterward. This vivid example illustrates that individuals injured in a UVC can die several weeks later and at a considerable distance from where they were initially struck. Moreover, when they eventually die, it may be where their carcass would not be found or associated with a UVC. Bison are the largest land mammal in North America and perhaps more robust to some lower impact UVC than smaller bodied species. Even so, if not for the GPS collar on this bison, we would have never known the fate of this individual, and the carcass likely never found. Taken together, the movements and final resting place of this bison illuminate how estimates of mortality as a result of UVC can be underestimated when the animal does not die immediately and in a location where it can be found. Given our data, we further urge managers to consider roadside counts of animals killed in UVC as a minimum estimate when considering options for mitigation.

Numerical simulation of fault activity in the Qilian tectonic belt and dynamic background of Menyuan earthquake series

Some faults in the Qilian tectonic belt are seismogenic areas for strong earthquakes, including the western section of the Lenglongling fault, which frequently occures moderate-strong Menyuan earthquakes. In this study, using GPS velocity data of 1991–2015 as the boundary constraints, a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element dynamic model is constructed by comprehensively considering the regional dynamic environment, crust-mantle transverse-longitudinal inhomogeneity, and spatial spreading of a complex fault system. The objective is to investigate the long-period characteristics of fault movement and stress change in the Qilian tectonic belt caused by tectonic loading, and to discuss the seismogenic conditions of the Menyuan earthquakes. The results show that the annual change of long-period movement and stress of the major faults in the Qilian Mountain tectonic zone are characterized by significant segmentation. Due to its unique geometric bend morphology, the western section of Lenglongling fault has a low movement rate, significant slip deficit and high shear stress accumulation, which are conducive to the gestation and occurrence of earthquakes. Furthermore, the seismogenic area of the Menyuan earthquake series is jointly subjected to NE-SW compressive and NW-SE tensile stress fields, and the maximum shear stress and elastic strain energy accumulate faster than in the surrounding areas. Overall, the western section of the Lenglongling fault has a strong dynamic background and favorable conditions for the frequent occurrence of the Menyuan earthquake series.

Reach scale channel planform dynamics of transboundary River Jaldhaka within Himalayan Foreland Basin

ABSTRACT The slopes of Himalayan piedmont and foothill plain are being modified by the Himalayan origin river systems. In this study, spatiotemporal dynamics of channel planform of braided River Jaldhaka have been estimated using United States Army Map (1956) and landsat satellite images (1980-MSS, 1990-TM, 2000-TM, 2010-ETM+ and 2022-OLI) for the delineation of banklines, channel length, sinuosity index, braiding index, channel widths, identification of partial channel avulsion sites and bankline migration using Digital Shoreline Assessment System (DSAS) toolbar. Linear Regression Rate, Net Bankline Movement and End Point Rate were also calculated. Results revealed that the lower reach is more sinuous (maximum average channel sinuosity 1.65) compared with reach-I (1.29) and II (1.11)). The maximum channel width was in the year 2022 (968.6 m) and minimum average channel width was in 1956 (239.87 m). The maximum BI value (3.55) has been calculated in the sub reach-2 (SR-2, reach-I). Similarly, DSAS output shows maximum average EPR values (6.43 m/year) in lower reach which was most erosion prone bank. Bank facies study showed that non-cohesive bank materials accelerate rapid rate of channel avulsion and bank erosion. The variation of discharge, velocity, presence of vegetation and anthropogenic interventions controls the nature of planform changes of Jaldhaka River.

Sleep staging algorithm based on smartwatch sensors for healthy and sleep apnea populations

ObjectiveSleep stages can provide valuable insights into an individual's sleep quality. By leveraging movement and heart rate data collected by modern smartwatches, it is possible to enable the sleep staging feature and enhance users' understanding about their sleep and health conditions. MethodIn this paper, we present and validate a recurrent neural network based model with 23 input features extracted from accelerometer and photoplethysmography sensors data for both healthy and sleep apnea populations. We designed a lightweight and fast solution to enable the prediction of sleep stages for each 30-s epoch. This solution was developed using a large dataset of 1522 night recordings collected from a highly heterogeneous population and different versions of Samsung smartwatch. ResultsIn the classification of four sleep stages (wake, light, deep, and rapid eye movements sleep), the proposed solution achieved 71.6 % of balanced accuracy and a Cohen's kappa of 0.56 in a test set with 586 recordings. ConclusionThe results presented in this paper validate our proposal as a competitive wearable solution for sleep staging. Additionally, the use of a large and diverse data set contributes to the robustness of our solution, and corroborates the validation of algorithm's performance. Some additional analysis performed for healthy and sleep apnea population demonstrated that algorithm's performance has low correlation with demographic variables.

Performance evaluation of Bi/Zn‐impregnated commercial TiO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic nitrobenzene decomposition

AbstractBACKGROUNDCommercial TiO2 nanoparticles were subjected to modification through Bi and Zn metal doping. The resulting catalysts were comprehensively characterized, and their performance was then reviewed for removal of model pollutant nitrobenzene in water.RESULTSAmidst the synthesized catalysts, the co‐doping of Bi/Zn (0.25:0.75 wt%) demonstrated the best photocatalytic degradation activity, achieving 95% degradation within 90 min of reaction time, with 2.99 × 10−2 min−1 rate constant value. The involvement of different radicals during the degradation process was elucidated by employing appropriate radical scavengers. Furthermore, the degradation results were investigated applying the first‐order kinetic model, leading to the determination of reaction rate constants and initial rates of the degradation process.CONCLUSIONAn improved photocatalytic activity was observed with metal doping due to the synergistic effect of doped metals with commercial TiO2 and profound charge transfer among them. It was observed that performance was increased with temperature rise in the practical range of application, that is, 5–20 °C. This behavior was due to high rate of movement of charge carriers. Further, involvement and functioning of various radical species such as h+, OH− and O2− in nitrobenzene degradation were successfully established using appropriate radical scavengers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Determining the depth and rate of soil movement down the soil profile using an environmental tracer: a hillslope scale assessment

Context Soil materials can be delivered to depth from both in situ and ex situ materials. Here, we examine a hillslope in an agricultural environment that has been used for cropping and cattle grazing for over 150 years and a parallel area where cattle have been excluded for approximately 20 years. The exclusion area is a shelterbelt and also provides ecological services. Aims To quantify the depth and rate of down profile soil movement using the environmental tracer 137Cs at points along a hillslope profile. Methods 137Cs concentration is measured to bedrock at regular intervals both inside and outside a fenced of ecological services area pre-drought (2015) and post-drought (2021). In Australia. 137Cs is the by-product of nuclear weapons use and testing from1945 to 1972. Therefore, this places an age constraint on any labelled soil. Key results Results show that soil materials can move down the soil profile to reach bedrock at decadal time scales. An important finding is that materials from the surface can reach depths of up to 80 cm near the hillslope crest and up to 2.2 m at the base of the hillslope. Conclusions This demonstrates a relatively rapid translocation of surface material. Implications The method provides the ability to quantify the rapid movement of soil components and demonstrates the potential for deep sequestration of soil organic carbon. The results demonstrate the potential for soil amendments and agrochemicals to be rapidly transported to depth. The findings suggest that cattle exclusion has no impact on the movement of soil materials down the profile over the 20-year exclusion period.

Effect of Step Load Based on Time under Tension in Hypoxia on the ACL Pre-Operative Rehabilitation and Hormone Levels: A Case Study.

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of step load in hypoxia on the effectiveness of preoperative rehabilitation (PR) and hormone levels based on a case study. Introduction: We assessed the impact of variables such as rate of movement and time under tension (TUT) in normobaric hypoxia on the levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and erythropoietin (EPO). Additionally, the impact of step load on the hypertrophy and strength of knee extensors and flexors was assessed. Methods: The work uses a case study, the research subject of which was a 23-year-old female professional handball player. The tests included an isokinetic assessment of the peak torque of knee extensors and flexors as well as body composition analysis. Results: The results showed a more than (10.81-fold) increase in GH after the microcycle with time under tension (TUT). The deficit between the lower limbs was also reduced. Conclusions: Using a hypoxic environment based on an appropriate altitude, combined with changes such as a short rest break between sets and a controlled tempo of movement with an eccentric phase, TUT may offer an alternative to the PR process, especially among athletes who care about fast RTS.

Physiology Core Concepts Guide Successful Mechanistic Reasoning

Mechanistic reasoning is a powerful strategy used to organize one’s thinking by leveraging the properties and behaviors of underlying entities to explain how and why phenomena occur. Modell identified seven “general models” (i.e., principles) in physiology that could serve as a cognitive framework for students to use to reason mechanistically about a variety of seemingly-distinct processes. Many of these principles are also Physiological Core Concepts. Though there are frameworks to analyze students’ use of mechanistic reasoning, there is currently no framework to analyze how physiology students use principles or Core Concepts to support their use of mechanistic reasoning to solve complex problems. In this study we ask two research questions about students use of the principle of Flux (i.e., the Core Concept of Flow Down Gradients) 1) How do students use the Flux Relationship to guide their mechanistic reasoning? 2) Are students who use the Flux Relationship to guide their mechanistic reasoning more successful when solving complex organismal biological problems? We recorded and transcribed in-class discussions of 14 introductory biology students in 4 small groups as they worked across a term to solve complex problems related to the principle of Flux (rate of movement ∝ gradient/resistance). To address RQ1, we combined emergent codes with established frameworks for mechanistic reasoning and Flux reasoning. We iteratively applied our codes to a subset of transcripts, compared interpretations and coding, revised the framework and re-coded. In this way we developed a framework to characterize how students use the Flux Relationship to guide their mechanistic reasoning. To address RQ2, we scored each discussion for accuracy and whether or not the students used the Flux relationship to guide their mechanistic reasoning. We then used a chi-square test to determine if more students who used Flux to guide their reasoning were accurate. RQ1 results: Our principle-based mechanistic reasoning framework for Flux includes two established mechanistic reasoning categories: identification (introduction of components of a system) and chaining (using the relationships between components to reason mechanistically). The framework then identifies how students use flux, or don’t, while discussing a complex physiological problem. For example, students may 1) identify or chain without using Flux, 2) identify an aspect of the Flux Relationship without using it to chain, 3) use the Flux relationship to chain. RQ2 results: We found that students who used the Flux Relationship to chain were significantly more likely to be accurate in their discussion. Our study adds to the current literature by providing researchers and instructors with a more meaningful analysis of how students use physiological principles/Core Concepts when mechanistically reasoning to solve complex problems. Additionally, our results support the claim that supporting students' use of principles/Core concepts can lead to higher accuracy in their reasoning. Finally, our framework can be used to measure the impact of instructional interventions designed to increase the use of students' principle-based mechanistic reasoning. Work funded by NSF. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Caterpillar movement mediates spatially local interactions and determines the relationship between population density and contact.

While interactions in nature are inherently local, ecological models often assume homogeneity across space, allowing for generalization across systems and greater mathematical tractability. Density-dependent disease models are a prominent example of models that assume homogeneous interactions, leading to the prediction that disease transmission will scale linearly with population density. In this study, we examined how the scale of larval butterfly movement interacts with the resource landscape to influence the relationship between larval contact and population density in the Baltimore checkerspot (Euphydryas phaeton). Our study was inspired by the recent discovery of a viral pathogen that is transmitted horizontally among Baltimore checkerspot larvae. We used multi-year larvae location data across six Baltimore checkerspot populations in the eastern U.S. to test whether larval nests are spatially clustered. We then integrated these spatial data with larval movement data in different resource contexts to investigate whether heterogeneity in spatially local interactions alters the assumed linear relationship between larval nest density and contact. We used Correlated Random Walk (CRW) models and field observations of larval movement behavior to construct Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) of larval dispersal, and calculated the overlap in these PDFs to estimate conspecific contact within each population. We found that all populations exhibited significant spatial clustering in their habitat use. Subsequent larval movement rates were influenced by encounters with host plants and larval age, and under many movement scenarios, the scale of predicted larval movement was not sufficient to allow for the "homogeneous mixing" assumed in density dependent disease models. Therefore, relationships between population density and larval contact were typically non-linear. We also found that observed use of available habitat patches led to significantly greater contact than would occur if habitat use were spatially random. These findings strongly suggest that incorporating larval movement and spatial variation in larval interactions is critical to modeling disease outcomes in E. phaeton. Epidemiological models that assume a linear relationship between population density and larval contact have the potential to underestimate transmission rates, especially in small populations that are already vulnerable to extinction.

An individual-based movement model for contacts between mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)

Contacts between individuals are key for the spread of infectious disease. Although essential to understanding disease spread, contact rates are difficult to predict, based simply on population demographics in wildlife populations, because contact rates depend upon environmental features as well as the nature of social interactions within and between groups of individuals. We developed a detailed, behaviorally structured, individual-based model (IBM) in Netlogo to simulate contacts between- and within-groups of individual mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), a species particularly susceptible to chronic wasting disease. The model tracks contacts (defined as two individuals coming within five meters of one another), recorded as between- or within-group depending on the social group membership of the two individuals (dyad). We parameterized the model with data from mule deer with global positioning systems (GPS) collars in east-central Alberta, Canada. Individuals move according to habitat preferences, home range attraction, and grouping behaviours. Animals were tracked at two-hour time steps and were modelled as selecting locations relative to preferred resources based on sex-specific integrated step-selection functions (iSSFs) with steps biased toward a home range centroid. Total within-group contacts increased with group size and were sensitive to changes in movement cohesion of the group and movement persistence, particularly movement cohesion. Total between-group contacts were sensitive only to the number of groups. We compared model predictions for where the locations of deer contacts occurred against an existing statistical model for the relative contact probabilities (RCP) on the same landscape (Dobbin et al. 2023). Predicted locations of deer contacts generally were consistent with higher predicted RCP values. When disease transmission is a function of contact rate, the model can be used to assess the interaction between model components (e.g., movement rates, grouping rules, home ranges, animal densities) and the spatial distribution of key natural and artificial resources that may attract deer and potentially increase disease spread.

Speed of environmental change frames relative ecological risk in climate change and climate intervention scenarios

Stratospheric aerosol injection is a potential method of climate intervention to reduce climate risk as decarbonization efforts continue. However, possible ecosystem impacts from the strategic design of hypothetical intervention scenarios are poorly understood. Two recent Earth system model simulations depict policy-relevant stratospheric aerosol injection scenarios with similar global temperature targets, but a 10-year delay in intervention deployment. Here we show this delay leads to distinct ecological risk profiles through climate speeds, which describe the rate of movement of thermal conditions. On a planetary scale, climate speeds in the simulation where the intervention maintains temperature are not statistically distinguishable from preindustrial conditions. In contrast, rapid temperature reduction following delayed deployment produces climate speeds over land beyond either a preindustrial baseline or no-intervention climate change with present policy. The area exposed to threshold climate speeds places different scenarios in context to their relative ecological risks. Our results support discussion of tradeoffs and timescales in future scenario design and decision-making.

Assessment of Movement and Dam Passage of Paddlefish in the Ohio River, West Virginia.

Paddlefish (Polydon spathula), a large-bodied and highly migratory species of large river systems, has experienced population declines or extirpation in parts of its range. As an effort to reestablish Paddlefish populations in the Ohio River of West Virginia, the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources has periodically stocked Paddlefish, but post-stocking studies are needed to assess the status of the reintroduced population, including information on movements of Paddlefish or on their passage through navigation dams of the Ohio River. Using telemetry techniques, we monitored seasonal movements and assessed dam passage of five Paddlefish in the Robert C. Byrd pool of the Ohio and Kanawha rivers. Paddlefish were highly mobile with two individuals using the entire R.C. Byrd pool during the 11-month study period. The highest movement rates occurring during the expected spawning period of April and May, where all individuals frequented the upper section of the pool in Kanawha River. Downstream passage was documented for one individual at the R.C. Byrd lock during July 2023, but no evidence of passage was documented for the locks at Racine or Winfield. Tagging of additional Paddlefish is planned, which will increase sample size for future assessments and continue efforts toward the long-term conservation and management of Ohio River Paddlefish.

Changes in Induced-Antipredation Defense Traits and Transcriptome Regulations of Daphnia magna in Response to 5-HT1A Receptor Antagonist.

The serotonin signaling system plays a crucial role in regulating the ontogeny of crustaceans. Here, we describe the effects of different concentrations of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor antagonist (WAY-100635) on the induced antipredation (Rhodeus ocellatus as the predator), morphological, behavioral, and life-history defenses of Daphnia magna and use transcriptomics to analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results indicate that exposure to WAY-100635 leads to changes in the expression of different defensive traits in D. magna when faced with fish predation risks. Specifically, as the length of exposure to WAY-100635 increases, high concentrations of WAY-100635 inhibit defensive responses associated with morphological and reproductive activities but promote the immediate negative phototactic behavioral defense of D. magna. This change is related to the underlying mechanism through which WAY-100635 interferes with gene expression of G-protein-coupled GABA receptors by affecting GABBR1 but promotes serotonin receptor signaling and ecdysteroid signaling pathways. In addition, we also find for the first time that fish kairomone can significantly activate the HIF-1α signaling pathway, which may lead to an increase in the rate of immediate movement. These results can help assess the potential impacts of serotonin-disrupting psychotropic drugs on zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems.

Bilateral distalization of maxillary first molars in a group of adult patients after extraction of maxillary second molars using infra-zygomatic mini-implants: A prospective clinical trial

It is now possible to predictably distalize maxillary first molars in nongrowing patients with the infra-zygomatic gear distalizer and to improve malocclusions without having to extract the premolars and regardless of the patient's compliance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the amount and rate of distal movement of the maxillary first molars using our proposed appliance after extraction of maxillary second molars. Ten nongrowing female patients successfully treated with our proposed appliance were the subjects of this study. The amount, rate, and type of distalization, were analyzed through upper jaw cone beam computed tomography (pre- and post-treatment) and scanned casts taken on a monthly interval. The average amount of distalization of the maxillary first molars was 4.03 mm at the crown level and 2.88 mm at the root level. The rate of distalization had an average of 0.61 mm per month with a maximum of 0.79 mm in the first month because of the regional acceleratory phenomena after extracting the maxillary second molar. The maxillary first molars were distalized in a significant manner and all patients reached a Class I relation within an average duration of 6.4 months. The proposed appliance proved to be a viable noncompliance modality to distalize maxillary first molars correcting maxillary Class II malocclusions characterized by maxillary protrusion or maxillary incisor crowding.

Evaluating the Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Second Lower Molars Protraction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in dentistry was entered several decades ago, yet its clinical use in orthodontics still requires further investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of local injection of PRP on the rate and typeof mandibular second molar protractionmovement compared with the comparator (no PRP) group. Material and methods Eighteen patients aged between 17 and 25 years were randomly allocated in a split-mouth study design to receive PRP injections on one sideimmediately before the start of molar protraction (PRP group), while the other side received only saline solution (comparator group). Eligibility criteria included bilaterally extracted mandibular first molars casesand indicated mandibular second molars protraction. The primary outcome of the study consisted of measuring the rate of molar protraction from the beginning of protraction (T0) to the end of the seventh month (TF), using a digital gauge. The secondary outcome included measuring the typeof second molar protraction movement between T0 and TFby lateral cephalometric images. Randomization of the intervention side was performed by picking out opaque sealed envelopes. The blinding of the principal investigator was impossible but blinding of the patient was achieved by injection of saline. Analyses were done using paired samples T-test to compare the changes in all variables between T0 and TF. The level of significance was taken at a P-value < 0.05. Results No significant difference was detected between the PRP and comparator groups in the rate of second lower molar protraction during seven months (0.56±0.07 mm per month in the comparator group, whereas, was 0.6±0.11 mm per month in the PRP group). Molar protraction parameters in both groups showed second lower molars moving by controlled tipping closer to bodily movement (Root Movement:Crown Movement≈0.8). Conclusions Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is ineffective in accelerating the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) during molar protraction, and it has no effect on the type of tooth movement. In addition, the mechanics that we used (6 mm power arm in combination with miniscrews) are effective in mandibular second molar protraction by controlled tipping closer to bodily movement.

Risk response towards roads is consistent across multiple species in a temperate forest ecosystem

Roads can have diverse impacts on wildlife species, and while some species may adapt effectively, others may not. Studying multiple species' responses to the same infrastructure in a given area can help understand this variation and reveal the effects of disturbance on the ecology of wildlife communities. This study investigates the behavioural responses of four species with distinctive ecological and behavioural traits to roads in the protected Bohemian Forest Ecosystem in central Europe: European roe deer Capreolus capreolus, a solitary herbivore; red deer Cervus elaphus a gregarious herbivore; wild boar Sus scrofa, a gregarious omnivore and Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx, a solitary large carnivore. We used GPS data gathered from each species to study movement behaviour and habitat selection in relation to roads using an integrated step selection analysis. For all species and sexes, we predicted increased movement rates in response to roads, selection of vegetation cover near roads and open areas after road crossings, and increased road avoidance during the day. We found remarkably similar behavioural responses towards roads across species. The behavioural adaptations to road exposure, such as increased movement rates and selection for vegetation cover, were analogous to responses to natural predation risk. Roads were more strongly avoided during daytime, when traffic volume was high. Road crossings were more frequent at twilight and at night within open areas offering food resources. Gregarious animals exposed to roads favoured stronger road avoidance over faster movements. Ungulates crossed roads more at twilight, coinciding with commuter traffic during winter. Despite differences in the ecology and behaviour of the four species, our results showed similar adaptations towards a common threat. The continuous expansion of the global transportation network should be accompanied by efforts to understand and minimise the impact of roads on wildlife to assist wildlife management and ensure conservation.

Movement and Home Range of Amur Soft-Shell Turtle (Pelodiscus maackii) in the Ussuri River, Heilongjiang Province, China.

Comprehensively understanding the spatial ecology and habitat preferences of endangered species is essential for population restoration and conservation. We investigated the home range and movement of the endangered Amur soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus maackii) in the Ussuri River, Heilongjiang Province, Northeastern China. The study involved tracking 19 Amur soft-shell turtles from late June to mid-October, 2022, resulting in complete and partial home range size data for eight subadults and two adults, respectively. The primary analysis focused on eight subadults, and the models that best described daily movement were identified. We also explored the potential factors influencing home range size. The mean movement rate ranged from 39.18 ± 20.04 m/day to 72.45 ± 29.36 m/day and was positively correlated with the linear home range and water temperature. The most enlightening estimation of home range was derived from a 95% kernel density estimate, utilizing likelihood cross-validation smoothing while adhering to constraints delineated by the river boundaries. The average size of the home range was determined to be 1.02 hectares and displayed no correlation with body size. Subadults tended to establish well-defined home ranges over time, whereas defining home ranges for adults proved challenging. This research addresses a gap regarding the ecology of the Amur soft-shell turtle and provides a foundation for future conservation plans.

Contemporary theories of orthodontic tooth movement

Coordinated biological responses are required to bring about orthodontic tooth movement. Several theories have been proposed for the mechanisms underlying tooth movement. Techniques have been investigated for reducing pain associated with orthodontics, as well as increasing the rate of tooth movement. Modern molecular and genetic techniques have improved our understanding of biological processes underlying tooth movement, but there is still a great deal of detail that is unknown. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article provides an update on contemporary theories of orthodontic tooth movement.

Accelarated Orthodontic Treatment Using Microosteoperforations: A Comparative Study.

Accelerated orthodontic treatment has gained popularity in recent years as patients seek shorter treatment durations. Microosteoperforations (MOPs) have emerged as a minimally invasive technique to expedite tooth movement. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of MOPs in accelerating orthodontic treatment with conventional methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 orthodontic patients requiring dental alignment. The participants were divided into two groups: Group A (MOPs) and Group B (conventional orthodontic treatment). In Group A, MOPs were performed at the beginning of the treatment. Both groups received monthly orthodontic adjustments. Treatment duration, rate of tooth movement, and patient discomfort were measured and compared between the two groups. The study found that in Group A, the treatment duration was reduced by 30% compared to Group B (P < 0.05). The rate of tooth movement in the MOPs group was 1.5 times higher than the conventional group (P < 0.01). Additionally, patient-reported discomfort levels were similar between the two groups. No adverse events related to MOPs were observed during the study. MOPs significantly accelerate orthodontic treatment, reducing treatment duration by 30% and increasing the rate of tooth movement by 1.5 times compared to conventional methods. Importantly, MOPs are well-tolerated by patients, making them a valuable option for expediting orthodontic treatment with minimal discomfort. This study highlights the potential benefits of integrating MOPs into orthodontic practice to improve treatment efficiency and patient satisfaction.

Three-dimensional pelvimetric evaluation of the pelvic cavity in different dog breeds

Objective:The mean of pelvis diameters and development of pelvis: It is known that it varies depending on many factors such as race, body size, gender, nutrition, movement rate and hormone. In this context, the study was carried out to examine the cavum pelvis of different breeds of dogs using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Materials and Methods:A total of 43 dogs, 19 different breeds, were used in the study. Pelvis region was scanned with a 64-detector MDCT device with a section thickness of 0.625 mm. The obtained images were transferred to the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer program to create a three-dimensional model of the cavum pelvis, and then pelvic measurements were taken. Results: In the pelvimetric examination, it was determined that conjugated Diameter was highest in Kangal Shepherd dogs and vertically Diameter was highest in Kangal Shepherd dogs. The lowest average of both diameters was found in Pomeranian dogs. Pelvis slope formed between these two ages was observed to be highest in Alabai breed dogs with 38° and lowest in Pekingese, Pomeranian and Setter breed dogs with 18°. Conclusion: it is thought that it will be beneficial for many disciplines, especially gynecology, to reveal the differences between the breeds by comparing the results of the dog breeds whose metric characteristics of the cavum pelvis were examined.