Movement Coordination Research Articles

Test Control of Inclusive Physical Education: Assessment Using the Newest Electronics

The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of a device developed based on the latest electronics to control the coordination of movements of the lower limbs of students with disabilities. Materials and methods. 34 students with disabilities were involved in the study. At the time of the experiment, they had functional disorders of the lower limbs as a result of injuries and received a doctor’s permission to participate in the experiment. The research was conducted at the theoretical and empirical levels, using the following methods: analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization, technical modeling, pedagogical testing, and mathematical statistics. Results. In the research process, a device was used, which was developed as part of the conducted research. The device consists of two rubber mats in which capacitive proximity sensors are placed. The test task involves recording the number of touches of rubber mats in 20 seconds. The information received from the sensors during the student’s performance of the test task, namely the alternate touching of the rubber mat with the big toe, is sent to the microcontroller via an infrared communication line. The development uses a high-performance microcontroller ATMega 328P, which can support a wide range of sensors and generate information about the time and frequency of leg movements. The signals of the student’s toes touching the rubber mats, received by capacitive sensors, are processed by a microcontroller and displayed on a PC through a serial connection and using the Arduino software, which allows reading the received information about the execution of movements. Under the conditions of the pedagogical experiment, we tried to determine the quality of the measurement results. According to the obtained numerical indicators, the numerical values of the test authenticity obtained by the traditional method of fixing the results by a specialist correspond to the value “low”. The results of the validity calculations showed that the correlation between the test measurement results and the evaluation results using the developed device was optimal with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.6. Conclusions. The importance of a high level of development of the coordination of movements of the lower limbs of students with disabilities is determined by the need to develop this quality to ensure the effectiveness of their rehabilitation in the process of inclusive PE. The analysis of the obtained material allows us to state that the practical application of the inclusive PE device developed based on the latest electronics will allow scientifically based optimization of this process to ensure its effectiveness.

Swimming as a means of harmonious development of high school children

This article is devoted to the study of the role of swimming as a harmonious development of children of high school age. In the context of the modern educational process, where the emphasis is on a comprehensive approach to the physical and mental development of children, swimming is an effective means of achieving this goal.
 The positive influence of swimming on the physical condition of children, in particular on the development of the musculoskeletal system and the cardiovascular system, improving their physical strength, endurance and coordination of movements is considered. Special attention is paid to the positive effect of swimming on the child's body. The impact of swimming on improving mental health has been analyzed, indicating the level of concentration, self-discipline and general emotional stability in children engaged in this sport. Immersion in water can promote relaxation and reduce stress. Swimming can improve mood, reduce anxiety levels and promote a general sense of well-being. It is also important to note the social aspect joint training and teamwork can help to form friendships and increase self-esteem.
 The conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of including swimming in the system of physical education, as an effective tool for achieving the harmonious development of their physical and mental health.

Assessing neurotropic effects of new antiepileptic nitrogen-containing drugs

Objective: to evaluate an effectiveness of new nitrogen-containing compounds for alleviating epileptiform conditions in animal experimental study, and conduct molecular modeling of a new neurotropic drug.Material and methods. The anticonvulsant and psychotropic effects of six new heterocyclic compounds synthesized at the Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry were analyzed: № 1 (tetrahydrobenzothienopyrimidine), № 2 (pyridopyrimidine), № 3 (pyranotriazolopyridine), № 4 (thioalkylpyranotriazolopyridine), № 5 (pyrazolyltetrahydrothienoisoquinoline), and № 6 (thioxopyranopyridine). Experiments were carried out with 300 white outbred male mice weighing 18–24 g and 48 male rats weighing 120–150 g. The anticonvulsant spectrum of action was assessed in mice using the following tests: maximum electric shock, corazole-induced seizure. The psychotropic compound-related properties were analyzed using the following tests: elevated plus maze, open field, conflict situation. The neurotoxic compound-related effects were evaluated by incoordination of movements in rotating rod test. Comparison was performed with pufemide (3-(p-isopropoxyphenyl)succinimide), ethosuximide and diazepam.Results. The new nitrogen-containing drugs were revealed to exhibit high anticonvulsant activity, especially observed in corazoleinduced seizure test. All select compounds have anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, psychosedative or behavior-activating effects. Compound № 1 (N3212) is the most effective (median effective dose is 16 mg/kg) in antagonism to corazole action and is significantly superior to ethosuximide and pufemide exceeding by 10- and 5-fold, respectively. The compound shows least toxic (median lethal dose is 2300 mg/kg) and low neurotoxic (median toxic dose is 660 mg/kg) effects. Therapeutic and protective indices for Compound No. 1 exceeds that of ethosuximide by 17- and 13-fold, and of pufemide by 6- and 8-fold, respectively.Conclusion. The select compounds are superior to the approved drugs used in medical practice, pufemide and ethosuximide. A Compound N3212 selected among them may find application as an anticonvulsant drug with psychotropic effects.

NGHIÊN CỨU XÂY DỰNG THIẾT BỊ HỖ TRỢ QUÁ TRÌNH LUYỆN TẬP PHỤC HỒI CHẤN THƯƠNG CỔ TAY

In this paper, we develop a supportive device to monitor the rehabilitation exercise process for people with disabilities to use their hands. The prototype is designed to include a resistance cable system to support the rehabilitation of the patient's hand motor function. During training, the patient pulls the resistance cable to exercise, and the resistance cable system applies force to the product's sensor block. The sensor block is capable of measuring parameters when force is applied, allowing the calculation of hand force during the patient's training. The hand force data obtained from the sensor block is then sent to a separate IoT-based application. This mobile-platform app is particularly developed for hosting data and providing a view for user to track his/her process of training. Additionally, the product is designed with angle measurement capabilities to track motion coordinates during the patient's hand training. The product is tailored to the physique of Vietnamese individuals. The patient's training results are stored on the Internet and displayed on a mobile application, facilitating the monitoring of training progress, comparing patient training results with standard data, and allowing remote monitoring by the patient's family members or healthcare professionals.

Incidental visual processing of spatiotemporal cues in communicative interactions: An fMRI investigation

Abstract The interpretation of social interactions between people is important in many daily situations. The coordination of the relative body movements between them may provide visual cues that observers use without attention to discriminate such social interactions from the actions of people acting independently of each other. Previous studies highlighted brain regions involved in the visual processing of interacting versus independently acting people, including posterior superior temporal sulcus, and areas of lateral occipitotemporal and parietal cortices. Unlike these previous studies, we focused on the incidental visual processing of social interactions; that is, the processing of the body movements outside the observers’ focus of attention. In the current study, we used functional imaging to measure brain activation while participants were presented with point-light dyads portraying communicative interactions or individual actions. However, their task was to discriminate the brightness of two crosses also on the screen. To investigate brain regions that may process the spatial and temporal relationships between the point-light displays, we either reversed the facing direction of one agent or spatially scrambled the local motion of the points. Incidental processing of communicative interactions elicited activation in right anterior STS only when the two agents were facing each other. Controlling for differences in local motion by subtracting brain activation to scrambled versions of the point-light displays revealed significant activation in parietal cortex for communicative interactions, as well as left amygdala and brain stem/cerebellum. Our results complement previous studies and suggest that additional brain regions may be recruited to incidentally process the spatial and temporal contingencies that distinguish people acting together from people acting individually.

Fractional Laplacian Spinning Particle in External Electromagnetic Field

We construct a fractional Laplacian spinning particle model in an external electromagnetic field that generalizes a standard relativistic spinning particle model without anti-commuting spin variables. The one-dimensional fractional Laplacian in world-line variable λ governs the kinetic energy that is non-local in λ. The interaction between the particle’s charge and the electromagnetic four-potential is non-local in λ, while the interaction between the particle’s spin tensor and the electromagnetic field is standard. By applying the variational principle, we obtain the equations of motion for particle coordinates. We solve analytically the equations of motion in two particular cases: the constant electric and magnetic field. For more complex field configurations, the equations are, in general, non-local and non-linear. By making the assumption of a much weaker interaction term between the charge and four-potential compared with the interaction between spinning degrees of freedom and the electromagnetic field, we obtain approximate analytical solutions in the case of a quadratic electromagnetic potential.

Cognitive decline and affective alterations in SCA2-58Q mice

The cerebellum is traditionally recognized as a brain region dedicated to motor control and movement coordination. Yet, the growing body of research has recently highlighted the cerebellar role in cognitive processes, learning, and emotional states. Patients with damage to this particular region of the brain exhibit deficiencies in verbal communication, impaired speech, executive functions, and memory, along with various affective disorders [1]. In the field of neurodegeneration research, the cerebellum is primarily recognized for its role in the onset of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). SCA2 is an autosomal dominant polyglutamine-related neurological disorder resulting from a notable escalation in the number of CAG triplet repeats that encode the amino acid glutamine in the ATXN2 gene. The mutated protein ataxin-2 fails to perform its molecular functions, disrupting calcium homeostasis and cellular activity, ultimately resulting in widespread Purkinje neuron death in the cerebellar cortex [2]. In our research, we used SCA2-58Q transgenic mice that express the mutant human ataxin-2 gene under the action of the Purkinje-specific promoter (PCP2/L7). Each of these tests were aimed at evaluating specific aspects of the mice’s behavior. This model enabled to investigate the direct involvement of Purkinje cells in the cognitive and affective symptoms associated with SCA2. Our team conducted three behavioral tests to determine the anxiolytic behavior: the open field test, the novelty suppressed feeding test, and the light-dark place preference test. The novel object recognition and fear conditioning tests were used to assess recognition and contextual memory, respectively. The Morris water maze test was conducted to evaluate spatial learning and memory. The researchers assessed depression and anhedonia levels using the forced swimming, tail suspension, and sucrose preference tests. The study revealed anxiety, spatial memory impairment, and affective decline in 7–8-month-old SCA2 mice. Previous results of the beam walk test [3, 4] indicated a delay in motor skill development in SCA2-58Q mice, which began at 8–10 months of age. This indicates that cognitive decline and affective changes occur before the primary motor impairment in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatment for SCA2, and patients are typically given supportive therapy and treatment for individual symptoms. In conclusion, our research provides a more comprehensive clinical picture and takes a step towards optimizing the diagnosis and selecting more effective therapy options for SCA2.

The DNA repair enzyme, aprataxin, plays a role in innate immune signaling.

Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a gradual loss of coordination of hand movements, speech, and eye movements. AOA1 is caused by an inactivation mutation in the APTX gene. APTX resolves abortive DNA ligation intermediates. APTX deficiency may lead to the accumulation of 5'-AMP termini, especially in the mitochondrial genome. The consequences of APTX deficiency includes impaired mitochondrial function, increased DNA single-strand breaks, elevated reactive oxygen species production, and altered mitochondrial morphology. All of these processes can cause misplacement of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, which can activate innate immune sensors to elicit an inflammatory response. This study explores the impact of APTX knockout in microglial cells, the immune cells of the brain. RNA-seq analysis revealed significant differences in the transcriptomes of wild-type and APTX knockout cells, especially in response to viral infections and innate immune pathways. Specifically, genes and proteins involved in the cGAS-STING and RIG-I/MAVS pathways were downregulated in APTX knockout cells, which suggests an impaired immune response to cytosolic DNA and RNA. The clinical relevance of these findings was supported by analyzing publicly available RNA-seq data from AOA1 patient cell lines. Comparisons between APTX-deficient patient cells and healthy control cells also revealed altered immune responses and dysregulated DNA- and RNA-sensing pathways in the patient cells. Overall, this study highlights the critical role of APTX in regulating innate immunity, particularly in DNA- and RNA-sensing pathways. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of AOA1 pathology and highlights potential therapeutic targets for this disease.

Alteration of cognitive function and locomotor coordination by top-of-the-foot applied perturbations

Footwear is essential for human locomotion and can influence various aspects of human behaviour. While the impact of most footwear features on locomotion and human behaviours has been studied extensively during the last 50 years, the footwear upper is very little studied. In particular, the impact of the footwear upper on cognition, movement coordination, and task performance is virtually unknown. In this study, vibrations of different intensities applied to the foot upper during the execution of basic locomotory tasks were used to determine the impact of the footwear upper on cognition and movement coordination. Sixteen participants were recruited for this study and asked to perform several locomotory tasks while undergoing an auditory Stroop test. Vibrations of various intensities were applied to the footwear upper using a set of five vibrators placed on high-sensitivity areas of the foot. The effects of vibrations on comfort level using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and cognition, postural balance, and sway were quantified using an auditory Stroop test, and inertial sensors derived movement coordination. The findings revealed a clear linear relationship between the intensity of vibrations and the perceived level of comfort. However, during walking, no linear correlation was observed between the vibration intensity and reaction time. On the other hand, during standing, a significant correlation between the vibration intensity and reaction time was observed. Moreover, the results demonstrated that as the vibration intensity increased during the standing condition, the magnitude of body sway also increased non-linearly. Finally, the results suggest that attaining an optimal level of comfort can improve attention and cognitive processes. This study highlights the importance of footwear uppers on cognitive and biomechanical performance. Vibration intensity affects comfort and reaction time differently for standing and walking. Some of these findings could have implications for footwear design both from a comfort and performance perspective.

Problems of Motor Development of 6-7 Years Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Original Research<strong>Problems of Motor Development of 6-7 Years Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders</strong>Lyudmila N. Voloshina <sup>1, *</sup>, Viktor L. Kondakov <sup>1</sup>, Karina E. Panasenko <sup>1</sup>, Lyudmila K. Buslovskaya <sup>1</sup>, Dmitry V. Shcherbin <sup>2</sup>* <strong>Correspondence: </strong>Lyudmila N. Voloshina; E-Mail: <a href="mailto:voloshina_l@bsu.edu.ru">voloshina_l@bsu.edu.ru</a><strong>Academic Editor: </strong>Fabrizio Stasolla<strong>Special Issue</strong>: <a href="https://www.lidsen.com/journals/genetics/genetics-special-issues/rare-genetic-syndromes-from-diagnosis-treatment">Rare Genetic Syndromes: From Diagnosis to Treatment</a><em>OBM Genetics</em>2023, volume 7, issue 4doi:10.21926/obm.genet.2304205<strong>Received:</strong> September 21, 2023<strong>Accepted:</strong> December 05, 2023<strong>Published:</strong> December 11, 2023<strong>A</strong><strong>b</strong><strong>stract</strong>According to modern research, there is a high risk of motor development disorders in children 6-7 years old with autism spectrum disorders. This determines the relevance of studying the problem of individual differences in motor development of children 6-7 years old with autism spectrum disorders, the need for objective assessment of its level, and the determination of group and individual strategies for correction of motor development. The study identifies and evaluates the motor development problems of 6-7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders. Materials and methods of the study. Analysis and comparison of the results of observations of the motor development of 27 children 6-7 years old with autism spectrum disorders attending compensatory and combined orientation groups and 100 children of the same age with homotypic product attending general developmental and combined orientation groups of preschool institutions in Belgorod. The following methods were used: theoretical (analysis, generalization, comparison), empirical (observation of the performance of motor tasks, and methods of mathematical statistics (Student's t-criterion): results and their discussion. The comparative analysis of motor development indicators of 6-7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders and normotypically developing children shows the reliability of their differences (p < 0.05) in qualitative and quantitative indicators. The research confirmed the presence of problems in children with autism spectrum disorders related to the development of balance function (51.85%), impaired regulation of muscle activity, and difficulties in purposeful performance of movements (44.44%). Movement coordination disorders are observed in 55.85% of children: conclusions and conclusion. The study results indicate the relevance of the search for new means of correction of motor development of 6-7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders at this age stage. The study confirmed the high risk of motor disorder development in children of this nosological group.

An ecological study protocol for the multimodal investigation of the neurophysiological underpinnings of dyadic joint action.

A novel multimodal experimental setup and dyadic study protocol were designed to investigate the neurophysiological underpinnings of joint action through the synchronous acquisition of EEG, ECG, EMG, respiration and kinematic data from two individuals engaged in ecologic and naturalistic cooperative and competitive joint actions involving face-to-face real-time and real-space coordinated full body movements. Such studies are still missing because of difficulties encountered in recording reliable neurophysiological signals during gross body movements, in synchronizing multiple devices, and in defining suitable study protocols. The multimodal experimental setup includes the synchronous recording of EEG, ECG, EMG, respiration and kinematic signals of both individuals via two EEG amplifiers and a motion capture system that are synchronized via a single-board microcomputer and custom Python scripts. EEG is recorded using new dry sports electrode caps. The novel study protocol is designed to best exploit the multimodal data acquisitions. Table tennis is the dyadic motor task: it allows naturalistic and face-to-face interpersonal interactions, free in-time and in-space full body movement coordination, cooperative and competitive joint actions, and two task difficulty levels to mimic changing external conditions. Recording conditions-including minimum table tennis rally duration, sampling rate of kinematic data, total duration of neurophysiological recordings-were defined according to the requirements of a multilevel analytical approach including a neural level (hyperbrain functional connectivity, Graph Theoretical measures and Microstate analysis), a cognitive-behavioral level (integrated analysis of neural and kinematic data), and a social level (extending Network Physiology to neurophysiological data recorded from two interacting individuals). Four practical tests for table tennis skills were defined to select the study population, permitting to skill-match the dyad members and to form two groups of higher and lower skilled dyads to explore the influence of skill level on joint action performance. Psychometric instruments are included to assess personality traits and support interpretation of results. Studying joint action with our proposed protocol can advance the understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms sustaining daily life joint actions and could help defining systems to predict cooperative or competitive behaviors before being overtly expressed, particularly useful in real-life contexts where social behavior is a main feature.

The influence of sound waves and musical experiences on movement coordination with beats

Synchronizing movement with external stimuli is important in musicians and athletes. This study investigated the effects of sound characteristics, including sound with harmonics (square wave) and without harmonics (sine wave) and levels of expertise in sports and music on rhythmic ability. Thirty-two university students participated in the study. The participants were divided into sixteen music education (ME) and sixteen physical education (PE) majors. They were asked to perform finger tapping tasks with 1,2 and 3 Hz beat rates, tapping in time with the sine and square wave beat produced by a metronome. The relative phase angle of finger tapping and the onset time of metronome sound were calculated using circular statistics. The results showed that type of wave and music experience affected the rhythmic ability of participants. Our study highlights the importance of types of waves on rhythmic ability, especially for participants with no background in music. The square wave is recommended for athletes to learn to synchronize their movement with beats.

2023 아시아 청소년 우슈 선수권대회 제3국제경기투로의 경기력 향상 방안 연구

This study analyzed the competition content of 14 sports by 5 youth representative athletes who participated in Group A of the 11th asian junior wushu championships in 2023 and reached the following conclusions. First, the vertical velocity must be increased by the reaction force of the ground to increase the height of the jump, and it has been shown that a safe landing can be achieved only by performing a kick with a leisurely staying in the air. Second, it was found that the Bow Stance should keeping the femur of the front leg horizontal, the Butterfly Stance should keeping the calf of the back leg and the inner side of the foot close to the floor, and for the Front and Back Sweep, the rotation is efficient when it is controlled to prevent the center of gravity from swinging around the rotation axis. Third, it has been revealed that improving muscle function control through repetitive training for shaking of movements. Fourth, it has been found that high scores are obtained for the level of acting only when the movement standard and moderation are clear and so the coordination of movements and the harmony of weapons are well organized.

FMS 기능성 동작훈련이 중국 대학 에어로빅 선수의 신체자세 조절 능력에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

The present study explores the effects of FMS functional movement training on aerobic athletes' body posture coordination, and explores the application of FMS functional movement training to the promotion of aerobic athletes' physical performance. In aerobic exercise, body posture control ability is an important criterion for the expression of technical movements, the display of form art aesthetics, and the evaluation of aerobic competition performance. Physical training is the most basic way to improve body posture control, and FMS functional movement training is an emerging physical training mode in recent years, which attaches more importance to functional training than traditional physical training, does not improve athletes' self-confidence in a purposeful way, and has a relatively good improvement effect on technical movements with relatively high movement requirements.40 college aerobic athletes were randomly divided into two groups: Traditional physical training Group (T, N=20) and FMS functional movement training Group (F, N=20). The control group adopts the traditional physical training method, and the functional training group adopts the training method based on the functional movement design of FMS. The results showed that compared with before training, after the traditional physical training group and the FMS functional movement training group intervened, the subjects' FMS test improved significantly in all six motility movements (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the straight bow squat and active orthogonal lifting test (P>0.05). The body posture coordination in the dynamic movement and static movement of aerobics was significantly improved only in the FMS functional movement training group (P<0.05).Conclusion: FMS functional training can relatively well promote aerobic athletes' body control ability and body posture coordination in the movement process, which is suitable for further application and dissemination in the physical fitness training of college aerobic athletes.After 12 weeks of training, the scores of various indicators of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group before the experiment, and the results of the FMS test were significantly improved; the effect of the experimental group was better than that of the control group, reducing the incidence of exercise damage; the physical stability, flexibility and asymmetry of the experimental group athletes were improved, but the effect on active right angle rise and straight lunge squat was not obvious. In the body posture control ability test under the static movement plane change condition, the 8-step ventral bridge, 5-step lateral bridge and hexagonal bridge of the experimental group and the control group showed significant differences, and the experimental configuration results were better than the control group, and the before-and-after comparison of the experimental group was significant.It shows that FMS functional movement training can improve the body posture control ability of aerobic athletes in the static movement plane. In the test of aerobic athletes' body posture control ability under the condition of dynamic movement direction change, the results show that the improvement effect of the T-shaped, W-shaped and Y-shaped tests of aerobic combination steps of the experimental group before and after the experiment is better than that of the control group, and each indicator has a significant difference within the group, indicating that FMS functional movement training has improved the body posture control ability of aerobic athletes.

Chewing Analysis by Means of Electromagnetic Articulography: Current Developments and New Possibilities

Chewing is a complex procedure that involves sensory feedback and motor impulses controlled by the trigeminal system in the brainstem. The analysis of mandibular movement is a first approximation to understanding these mechanisms. Several recording methods have been tested to achieve this. Video, ultrasound, the use of external markers and kinesiographs are examples of recording systems used in research. Electromagnetic articulography is an alternative method to those previously mentioned. It consists of the use of electromagnetic fields and receiver coils. The receiver coils are placed on the points of interest and the 3D coordinates of movement are saved in binary files. In the Oral Physiology Laboratory of the Dental Sciences Research Center (Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas—CICO), in the Faculty of Dentistry at the Universidad de La Frontera (Temuco, Chile) several research studies have been carried out using the AG501 3D EMA articulograph (Carstens Medizinelektronik, Lenglern, Germany). With this device, they developed a series of protocols to record mandibular movement and obtain new information, such as the 3D Posselt polygon, the area of each polygon, individualized masticatory cycles and speed and acceleration profiles. Other investigations have analyzed these parameters, but separately. The AG501 allows for holistic analysis of all these data without altering natural movement. A limitation of this technology is the interference generated by its metallic elements. The aim of the present work is to show the developed methods used to record mandibular movement in the CICO, using the AG501 and compare them with others used in several research studies.

Rapid online correction of reach-to-manipulate movements in children with developmental coordination disorder: A pilot kinematic comparison study

BackgroundChildren with developmental coordination disorder show difficulties in making rapid online corrections, and this has been demonstrated in experiments where reaching/pointing movements were employed. However, typical hand movements in real-life contexts involve subsequent movements, such as grasping and manipulating objects after reaching. This study aimed to reinvestigate online correction of reaching movements that were connected with grasping and object manipulation and to explore its impact on the coordination of subsequent hand movements in children with developmental coordination disorder. MethodsFive children with developmental coordination disorder and five children with typical development were recruited. Their reach-to-manipulate movements in a double-step task were recorded using motion analysis. The manipulative movements included simple and complex forms of pencil rotation. Movement time, movement velocity, and correlation coefficients between finger joints were derived to quantify their motor performances. FindingsChildren with developmental coordination disorder showed longer movement time and deceleration phases during online correction of reaching movement than children without developmental coordination disorder. In subsequent grasping and manipulation movements after online correction, they also exhibited lower correlation coefficients in four to five finger joint couplings that are essential for movement completion, compared to children without developmental coordination disorder. InterpretationOur findings from the current pilot study suggest that children with developmental coordination disorder have impairments in online correction when reaching for objects and may also have reduced coordination of some finger movements that are important for subsequent grasping and object manipulation. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm these findings.

Developing Worksheet Based on Creative Problem-Solving Models

The focus of this research is to develop worksheets on biology content for the eleventh graders in high school. The development research research design included the following steps: research and information collection, planning, develop preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing, and main product revision. The participant are 12 students in the initial product trial for the eleventh graders of SMA N 1 Suralaga in the school year of 2021/2022. Using a closed questionnaire to gather research data and student worksheets covering the eleventh-grade material, such as the movement system, blood circulation, digestion, respiration, excretion, coordination, and psychoactive substances, to assess the validity of the instrument supplied to experts and students. Analyzing the outcomes of expert instrument validation, determining the average value, and using percentages to group the results into five categories—very bad, not good, good enough, good, and very good—represent quantitative descriptive data analysis. It was discovered from the limited test results that the implementation indicator received the lowest percentage in the extremely unfavorable category during the development at the initial product test stage were the very bad category (85.7%) and very not good (14.3%). Development indicators; good enough (28.6%) and good (71.4%). Ideate indicators; 100% very good. Clarify indicator; very not good (14.3%), not good (28.6%), good enough (42.6%), and very bad (14.2%). It can be concluded that it was necessary to revise the initial product, namely by including in more detail the components of the creative problem solving indicator both at clarify, ideate, develop, and implement

Effectiveness of complex treatment of cats for chronic kidney disease

Treatment of cats with chronic kidney disease should be aimed at slowing the progression of the disease, which contributes to the preservation of residual kidney function, the elimination of clinical signs of CKD, and the quality of life of sick animals. During the II stages of chronic kidney disease in cats, hyporexia (60 %), polyuria and polydipsia (50 %), anemia of mucous membranes (60 %), impaired coordination of movements (30 %), vomiting and ulcerative stomatitis (40 %), an increase in serum levels of creatinine and urea (P > 0.001), the level of symmetric dimethylarginine (P < 0.001), the concentration of cystatin C (P > 0.001), a decrease in the rate of glomerular filtration, the level of total calcium (P < 0.001), an increase in the level of inorganic Phosphorus and Potassium. Arterial hypertension was established in 8 cats; the risk was moderate (148 ± 4.7 / 98 ± 3.8 mmHg). Changes in the physical properties and chemical composition of urine have been established. The application of complex treatment of cats with II stages of chronic kidney disease for 14 days contributed to the restoration of appetite, increased motor activity, the absence of anemia of visible mucous membranes and vomiting, and a decrease in the level of polyuria and polydipsia was established. Hematological indicators improved, the content of symmetric dimethylarginine in blood serum (Р < 0.001), Cystatin C (Р < 0.001), the level of total calcium (Р < 0.001) normalized, azotemia decreased (Р < 0.001), the rate of glomerular filtration increased (Р < 0.001), the level of inorganic Phosphorus and Potassium (Р < 0.001). An increase (Р < 0.001) in the relative density of urine and a decrease in the content of protein and creatinine were noted in the urine. For arterial hypertension in cats with chronic kidney disease, life-long therapy is indicated, which is adjusted according to the needs and condition of the animal.

Research on precise route control of unmanned aerial vehicles based on physical simulation systems

In order to understand the precise route control system of unmanned aerial vehicles, the author proposes a research on precise route control of unmanned aerial vehicles based on wireless sensor networks and physical simulation. The author first introduces the definitions of various coordinate systems and related motion parameters of unmanned aerial vehicles. On this basis, the nonlinear dynamic equations and kinematic equations of the unmanned aerial vehicle were obtained through force analysis. Secondly, based on wireless sensor networks, a route control system for unmanned aerial vehicles was designed. There may be deviations between the actual route and the planned route of drones during flight, which not only reduces the quality of operations but also affects operational efficiency. Wireless sensor network is a technology closely integrated with unmanned aerial vehicles, which can be used to control the route of unmanned aerial vehicles. The system consists of four parts: unmanned aerial vehicle platform, sensor nodes, convergence nodes, and control center. The control of the route is completed through a two-dimensional coordinate system following algorithm. Finally, the drone will undergo flight tests before and after the installation of this route control system. The drone before the installation of this system will use traditional route control methods. There are two types of planned routes: straight and curved, with the curve being a circular shape with a radius of 5 km; Record the deviation value between the actual route and the planned route every 150 s during the flight, and compare the control accuracy of the two methods on the route. The experimental results show that the wireless sensor network is more stable in tracking straight and curved routes, and has high accuracy in route control.

The influence of sports dance classes on the level of physical health of children 11-12 years old

The article assesses the level of physical health of children aged 11-12 years who attend sports dance classes. It also shows the dynamics that took place during the classes. We emphasize that sports dance classes include a wide range of exercises aimed at the development of various physical qualities, and as our research has shown, it also improves the level of health. By performing dance movements, children help strengthen the muscles of the legs, arms, and trunk, as well as the development of motor skills. At the end of the study, there were students with a high level of physical health, 12-year-old boys have a higher level of health - 25%, and 11-year-old boys - 16.7%. The system of physical education is one of the important tools for improving the physical health of children aged 11-12, which is aimed at developing such values in children as love for active movement, a healthy lifestyle, the importance of physical activity for health, and the formation of children's motivation to play sports. Physical exercises help children strengthen muscles, bones, heart, improve posture, develop coordination of movements, and cope with stress and anxiety. For this, it is important that physical exercises are interesting and exciting for children. It is also important for parents and teachers to set an example for a healthy lifestyle. If parents lead a sedentary lifestyle, it is unlikely that their children will be interested in sports. Therefore, to improve the physical health of children 11-12 years old, joint work of the physical education system, parents and teachers is necessary.