Mouth Wash Preparations Research Articles

HERBAL MOUTHWASH: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH

The objective of this study was to develop Mouthwash formulations. A mouthwash could also be recommended as an antimicrobial, a topical anti-inflammatory agent a topical analgesic, or for caries prevention. Almost all conventional mouth freshners contain alcohol and fluoride, which are toxic (even lethal) if swallowed in large amounts. This is often not the case with natural herbal mouth rinses. Mouth rinse comes into direct contact with mucous membrane and can be absorbed directly into your bloodstream. Natural Plants such as Clove, Peppermint, Ajwain, Green tea, Neem, Tulsi, and Guava Leaf are used in preparation of herbal mouthwash. Mouthwash freshens bad breath, can help reduce plaque and gingivitis, as well as fight tooth decay and prevent cavities. Mouthwash can really help improve your oral health. It can help to freshen your breath, remove plaque and reduce your risk of cavities and gum disease. For help deciding whether to use mouthwash before or after brushing, talk to your dentist.

Comparison of chrysopogon zizanioides mouthwash with chlorhexidine mouthwash in chronic periodontitis patients

Introduction: Chrysopogon zizanioides (Vetiver grass) is the source of a valuable essential oil, for which purpose it is often grown commercially. Amongst its many other uses, it provides material for thatch, has many medicinal applications and is cultivated to protect the soil from erosion. People take vetiver for nerve and circulation problems and for stomach pain. Vetiver is sometimes inhaled as aromatherapy for nervousness,insomnia, and joint and muscle pain. Vetiver oil has been used as anti-inflammatory, antiseptics, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Materials and methods: Vetiver leaves have been extracted from and leaves are dried for 10 days then the extracted leaves are used for mouthwash preparation. The aqueous extract of prepared leaves was used for mouthwash preparation. Mouthwash preparation was done by the aqueous extract of chrysopogon zizanioides .20 patients with chronic periodontitis were selected for the study. In which 10 patients with the test group had Chrysopogon zizanioides mouthwash and 10 patients with the control group were given with chlorhexidine mouthwash. Each mouthwash was asked to use twice daily. Clinical parameters were assessed Probing depth, clinical attachment level and Bleeding index at baseline till 14 days.

Preparation of mouthwash by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and triphala: alternative to chlorhexidine gluconate

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as a reservoir of oral cavity. This bacterium is present in nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality. This bacterium is an initial step in pathogenesis of pulmonary infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. When these species interact with other species of periodontal pathogens has greater chances of having aggressive periodontitis. Chlorhexidine gluconate is been widely used in many mouthwashes and is known for its antibacterial activity. It has certain side effects such as staining, alteration in taste, tartar formation. The alternative to Chlorhexidine is triphala which helps in maintaining oral health and helps prevent periodontitis. In previous studies it was been observed that triphala is more effective than Chlorhexidine. Moreover, Chlorhexidine treats gingivitis, not periodontitis, whereas triphala fights against both gingivitis as well as periodontitis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, non-pathogenic yeast, is a potential probiotic. It has significant antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory activity. Triphala preparation is made from Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis), belleric myrobalan (Terminalia bellirica) and black myrobalan (Terminalia chebula). It is an ancient herbal remedy with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. It improves oral health by preventing plaque, gingivitis, heals mouth sores. It shows antibacterial activity except probiotic organisms. In this study, effect of triphala and S. cerevisiae against P. aeruginosa was evaluated by agar-well diffusion method. Triphala solution and S. cerevisiae effectively showed antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa individually. Therefore, triphala and S. cerevisiae together were tested at various concentrations against P. aeruginosa. The result showed the clear zone of inhibition showing successful inhibition of P.aeruginosa. Therefore, mouthwash that contains triphala and S. cerevisiae can be efficiently use for maintaining oral health and this mouthwash can be alternative to chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwashes and triphala can be a promising therapeutic agent in treatment of periodontitis and gingivitis without any side effects on long term use. Keywords- P. aeruginosa, periodontitis, gingivitis, chlorhexidine gluconate, triphala, S. cerevisiae

FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS SEDIAAN OBAT KUMUR DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PANDAN WANGI (PANDANUSAMARYLLIFOLIUS ROXB)

Fragrant pandanus is a type of monocot plant from the pandanaceae family. Fragrant pandan leaves have various ingredients and can be used as antibacterial ingredients and are safe to use, which have been known empirically by the Indonesian people. There are many benefits to the fragrant pandan leaf plant (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb), namely as an analgesic (toothache medicine) and antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical content, formulation and stability test in mouthwash preparations. In this study, the maceration method is used which is used to filter simplicia containing chemical components that are easily soluble in liquid. The results of this study indicate that in the phytochemical screening test there are chemical compounds which include flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins, which are thought to have contributed to bacterial activity. Research has also been carried out on the formulation and stability test of mouthwash preparations from the ethanol extract of pandan fragrant leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius roxb) where the results show that the formulation can be used as mouthwash of fragrant pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius roxb) with different concentrations in formulation I. as much as 15.5%, in formulation II as much as 16.5%, and in formulation III 17.5%. And the physical quality test of the mouthwash includes an organoleptic test which has a distinctive smell of fragrant pandan leaves and menthol and the pH test has a stable pH of 5. The results obtained basically produce mouthwash with good physical quality.

Harnessing the Antibacterial Properties of Fluoridated Chitosan Polymers against Oral Biofilms.

Dental caries are a worldwide endemic chronic disease affecting people of all ages. Due to the limitations of daily used oral hygiene products, there is an unmet need for new, effective, safe, and economic oral products. We have recently demonstrated that N-(2(2,6-diaminohexanamide)-chitosan (CS3H Lys) has enhanced antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans, the main cariogenic bacterium, and here we investigated the effect of fluoridation of this polymer (CS3H Lys F) on its antibacterial properties and the ability to protect teeth from acid demineralization. We further formulated this polymer into mouthwash preparations and studied their cytocompatibility and physicochemical stability over 6 months. CS3H Lys F was 1.6-fold more effective than the highest tested oral NaF dose in preventing acid demineralization. CS3H Lys F has a 3- to 5-fold lower minimum inhibitory concentration value against S. mutants than the values reported for chitosan polymers and showed negligible cell toxicity. The mouthwashes were stable at both 25 and 40 °C. Further work is under way towards other CS3H Lys F oral hygiene products such as a toothpaste.

Cetylpyridinium chloride promotes disaggregation of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles

ABSTRACT Background SARS-CoV-2 is continuously disseminating worldwide. The development of strategies to break transmission is mandatory. Aim of the study To investigate the potential of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as a viral inhibitor. Methods SARS-CoV-2 Virus Like-Particles (VLPs) were incubated with CPC, a potent surfactant routinely included in mouthwash preparations. Results Concentrations of 0.05% CPC (w/v) commonly used in mouthwash preparations are sufficient to promote the rupture of SARS-CoV-2 VLP membranes. Conclusion Including CPC in mouthwashes could be a prophylactic strategy to keep SARS-CoV-2 from spreading.

Ficus Benghalensis and Stevia formulation based mouthwash and its Anti- cariogenic activity in vitro comparative study

Introduction: Ficus benghalensis commonly called alampattai is used to treat diabetes, piles, teeth disorders, rheumatism and to boost the immune system. Stevia rebaudiana commonly called bertoni leaves is a perennial shrub that contains 2 important glycosides, stevioside and rebaudioside that is responsible for producing sweetness intensity 300 times more than sucrose. It has various properties like anti oxidant, antibacterial etc. Mouthwashes are considered to act as potent delivery systems to prevent oral pathogens mainly the S.Mutans, the main organism that causes dental caries. Hence, the present study aims in evaluating the anticariogenic property of the aqueous mouthwash of Ficus benghalensis and stevia extract. Mouthwash preparation - 0.3g of sucrose + 0.001 sodium Benzoate + 0.01g sodium Lauryl sulphate. Dissolved in 10ml distilled water. Then 600μl plant extract + 50μl peppermint oil added as flavouring agent. Antibacterial activity - Studied against S. aureus E.faecalis and S.mutans. MHA is the medium used to determine the zone of inhibition using 5 different concentrations of the mouthwash extract. Antifungal activity- Studied against C. albicans. Sabouraud’s dextrose agar is the medium used to determine the zone of inhibition using different concentrations.The graph shows that the zone of inhibition was greater in S.mutans than in C.albicans, S. aureus and E. faecalis. Hence the mouthwash can be considered to prevent bacteria present in oral cavities. The study concluded that the mouthwash preparation can be used to replace the pharmaceutical mouthwash. But further study and random clinical trials needs to be done to make it more efficient.

Pemanfaatan Daun Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor) Sebagai Obat Kumur untuk Mencegah Karies Gigi dan Sariawan

The leaves of the fragrant lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor) is traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of fragrant lemongrass leaves as a mouthwash to prevent dental caries and cancer sores. Fragrant lemongrass leaves were extracted using the maceration method. It was consisted of three repetitions with the ethanol extract concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% fragrant lemongrass leaves with the disc diffusion method which the best concentration was treated to be mouthwash formulation. The results showed that fragrant lemongrass leaf extract provided an effective inhibition zone for Streptococcus mutans at concentrations of 30% (14.3 mm) and 40% (15.46 mm). In Candida albicans with a concentration of 30% (14.28 mm) and 40% (15.46 mm). The mouthwash preparation of fragrant lemongrass leaf extract at 30% FI concentration and 40% FII concentration gave satisfactory inhibition zone diameter results which was greater than 14 mm. The results of the T test showed that FI and FII results were significant differences with fragrant lemongrass leaves extract with antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (Sig. = 0.003), and antifungal reaction against Candida albicans (Sig= 0.001). Fragrant lemongrass leaves is effective to be formulated in mouthwash preparations.

Preparation of Mouth Wash Using Musa sapientum Mediated Silver Nanoparticles and Its Antimicrobial Activity

Introduction: Musa sapientum are primarily grown in tropical and subtropical countries, and are commonly used around the world for their nutritional values. Peels were examined for mineral, nutritional content. The product of the mineral content is that the concentration of potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, bromine, and rubidium are high. M. sapientum pulp showed high antimicrobial activity against 13 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
 Materials and Methods: The plant extract was prepared. Silver nanoparticles were taken in the form of AgNO3. The plant extract was tested for its anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation assay. To assess the antimicrobial activity, the prepared extract was inoculated in different culture plates containing different microorganisms. The results obtained were collected and statistically analyzed in SPSS software and graphs were obtained.
 Results: Analysis of antimicrobial activity shows The zone of inhibition in Mueller Hinton agar showed C. albicans zone of inhibition in the cultured plate with the diameter of 10 mm, 12 mm and 25 mm in 25 µL, 50 µL, and 100 µL respectively. S. mutans zone of inhibition in the cultured plate with the diameter of 15 mm, 18 mm, and 22 mm at 25 µL, 50 µL, and 100 µL respectively.
 Conclusion: From the results obtained and analyzed we may conclude that silver nanoparticles synthesized using Musa sapientum extract can be used as a good anti-microbial agent. Its anti-microbial activity can be enhanced by increasing the concentration. Hence furt her advancements in this study could lead to producing and marketing natural product-based antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents.

Preparation of Mouthwash using Banana Stem Extract Mediated Copper Nanoparticles and Its Cytotoxic Effect – An In-vitro Study

Background: Copper nanoparticles have recently attracted researchers due to their low cost, availability and other novel properties. Various parts of Musa sapientum which belong to the family Musaceae have been used for various medicinal purposes. The aim of the study is to assess the cytotoxic effect of mouth wash prepared using banana stem mediated copper nanoparticles.
 Materials and Methods: 100 mL of distilled water is mixed with 1g of banana stem extract and distilled. The filtrate is mixed with 0.477g of copper sulphate mixed in 60 mL of distilled water. There were a total of 10 shrimps per dilution. The artificial seawater upto 10 mL per test tube is controlled. The test tube was left uncovered under a lamp. The number of surviving shrimps were counted and recorded after 24 h. The percentage of motility was calculated by dividing the total number of dead nauplii by the total number and then multiplied by 100%. This is to ensure that the death of nauplii is attributed to the compounds present in nanoparticles.
 Results: Percentage of lethality for the banana stem extract mediated copper nanoparticles mouthwash at concentrations of 5 μL, 10 μL, 20 μL, 40 μL, 80 μL were 60%, 70%, 100%, 100%, 100% respectively.
 Conclusion: Thus, with an increase in concentration of the banana stem mediated copper nanoparticles mouthwash, the cytotoxic activity increases. Thus from the study, it is evident that natural mouthwash can be prepared with banana stem mediated copper nanoparticles with less side effects.

Preparation of Mouthwash Using Blue Tea and Its Antioxidant Activity

Introduction: Clitoria ternatea also known as the "blue pea," is a perennial twinning herbaceous plant in the Fabaceae family. The medicinal properties of this plant have been scientifically validated, especially at an international level, and it has been recorded to have a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective properties.
 Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant property of blue tea extract based mouthwash.
 Materials and Methods: The study was performed as an in vitro study under a laboratory setting. Synthesis of the mouthwash was performed using dried leaves of the butter pea plant subsequently the mouthwash was tested for its antioxidant activity and was assessed via the DPPH assay. The obtained values were compared with that of a known standard. The obtained data was sorted in Microsoft Excel and statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Software, Version 23.0). Unpaired t test was done for the comparison of blue tea extract with the standard and one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was done to compare various concentrations with standard.
 Results: The blue tea extract mouthwash was tested with 10µL initially and then was increased to 20µL, 30µL, 40µL and 50µL. Based on DPPH assay, as the concentration of the extract solution was increased by 10µL each time tested, their antioxidant activity also increased over a scale. It was seen that the blue tea extract mouthwash had significantly less antioxidant capacity when compared to the standard (p<0.05).
 Conclusion: The blue tea extract mouthwash is found to be a potent antioxidant agent however the antioxidant property was less effective when compared to the standard.

Abies webbiana Ethanolic Extract Based Mouthwash and Its Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effect

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of Abies webbiana ethanolic extract based preparation of mouthwash and to compare these effects between different concentrations.
 Background: Abies webbiana leaves have been used in traditional siddha and ayurveda systems of medicine for common ailments such as cough, loss of appetite, indigestion, mental disorders, rheumatism, bronchitis, pulmonary infection, asthma, antiseptic and decongestant. Abies webbiana commonly known as talispatra belongs to family Pinaceae. The plant is distributed throughout India, mostly in the Himalayan region from Kashmir to Assam states.
 Materials and Methods: The preparation of Abies webbiana extract was done and antimicrobial activity of Abies webbiana were tested with Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus through agar well diffusion method. Each bacterial culture was spread on the Luria-Bertani agar plates. Dried extract of Abies webbiana, dissolved in autoclave distilled water to make 25mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 100mg/mL. Incubated for 24 hours at 37o C and diameter of zone of inhibition were recorded in millimeter and compared with standard amoxicillin. Cytotoxic activity of Abies webbiana was assessed using brine shrimp lethality assay. A total of 10 nauplii were added into the three replicates of each concentration of the prepared extract. After the period of 24 hours the remaining brine shrimp were counted.
 Results: The results of the study revealed that the the Abies webbiana formulation based mouthwash is having significantly higher antimicrobial activity than the antibiotic against S. aureus at all the tested concentrations whereas against E. faecalis the antimicrobial effect was significantly lower than the antibiotic. Against S. mutans, higher concentrations of the mouthwash had the antimicrobial effect comparable to that of the antibiotic. The antimicrobial effect against C. albicans was very less for all the tested concentrations of the mouthwash and the antibiotic. This mouthwash also possessed cytotoxic effects on nauplii which were within normal limits and it was found that the nauplii alive was directly proportional to the concentrations except in the concentration of 40μl.
 Conclusion: Within the limitations of the current study, ethanolic extract of Abies webbiana based preparation of mouthwash shows the antimicrobial activity almost comparable to amoxicillin. It was also revealed that it possesses less cytotoxic effect against brine shrimp which are within normal limits.

Preparation of Mouthwash using Ficus benghalensis Assisted Silver Nanoparticles and a Comparative Analysis of Its Antimicrobial Activity

Aim: The aim of this study is to prepare a mouthwash using Ficus benghalensis mediated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and analysing its antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens
 Introduction: Nanotechnology deals with the particles which are less than 100 nm and have important roles in medicines, industries, drug gene delivery. Different parts of the F. benghalensis show medicinal properties. Leaves are used for ulcers, aerial roots are used in gonorrhoea, seeds and fruits are used for dysentery, diarrhoea and diabetes. F. benghalensis have been reported to have immunomodulatory, antibacterial activity and are used to treat toothache.
 Materials and methods: In the present study, the silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Ficus benghalensis plant extract. The preparation of plant extract was done using commercially available F. benghalensis leaves powder for the synthesis process. The mouthwash was prepared using 1 mM of silver nitrate. The prepared nanoparticles were confirmed using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. Different concentrates of the synthesised Ficus benghalensis mediated silver nanoparticles were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method and MIC will be determined.
 Results: It has been observed that the antimicrobial effect of the prepared Ag NPs was almost similar against all the organisms used in the study with a maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. It has also been observed that the antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs increased with increasing concentration.
 Conclusion: As the synthesised F. benghalensis assisted silver nanoparticle mouthwash showed potent antimicrobial activity in vitro against the oral microbes: S. aureus, S. mutans, E. faecalis, C. albicans, in vivo studies are needed further to evaluate the antimicrobial effect.

Preparation of Mouthwash Using Red Tea and Its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity

Background: Poor oral hygiene provides an optimum environment for bacterial biofilms formation leading to the development of periodontal diseases. Currently, researchers focus on developing oral hygiene products such as mouthwash that contain available natural products with superior biocompatibility and a low cost.
 Aim: The aim of the study was to prepare mouthwash using red tea and to evaluate its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
 Materials and Methods: This study was performed as an in vitro study under a laboratory setting. Mouthwash was prepared using red tea in the lab. Subsequently the formulation was tested for its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Antimicrobial activity was conducted through agar well diffusion method. Antioxidant activity of the herbal mouthwash was tested using the DPPH assay at various concentrations. The obtained values were compared with that of the standard. The data was tabulated represented by the means of bar graphs.
 Results: There was an increase in the zone of inhibition of bacteria with an increase in concentration of mouthwash. DPPH assay for antioxidant activity revealed that at all concentrations the standard had more antioxidant activity compared to the herbal mouthwash. Throughout from 10 μl to 50 μl the antioxidant activity of the standard was greater than the prepared red tea mouthwash.
 Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, Red tea mediated mouthwash was found to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties at varied concentrations.

Natural mouthwash of sarang banua leaves (Clerodendrum fragrans Vent Willd) extractas a healthy solution during the covid-19 pandemic

The spread of the COVID-19 virus has shaken the world. The application of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB) is the best effort to prevent the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. Maintaining oral and dental hygiene can improve health, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sarang Banua (Clerodendrum fragrans Vent Willd) is a local plant of North Sumatra, containing secondary metabolites of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, and quinones that have bioactivity such as antibacterial and antioxidant. The preparation of Sarang Banua mouthwash (SABANA) made from the extract of the sarang banua leaves with a concentration of 0.5 grams in 100 ml of preparation (0.5%) has been formulated, evaluated by organoleptic, pH and antibacterial test. The results of organoleptic and pH tests showed that SABANA mouthwash preparations were brown and slightly cloudy, tasted very distinctive, fresh, and eliminated bad breath with a pH of 7 in accordance with quality standards. About 70% of the panelists stated that they really liked the color, aroma, taste and appearance of SABANA mouthwash preparations. The results of antibacterial test against the oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans ATCC (25175) showed that 0.5% and 0.75% of the oral antibacterial mouthwash was found to be effective as oral antibacterial with an average inhibition zone diameter of 16.55 and 16.9 mm. Through the activities of the Student Creativity-Entrepreneurship Program, SABANA mouthwash have been produced and marketed in the local as well as outside the city by online and offline-shop and have the opportunity to develop into a new entrepreneur.

Formulation of Mouthwash Preparations Ethanol Extract of Coffee Beans Roasted Robusta (Coffea canephora) and Effectiveness Test on Bacteria Streptococcus mutans

Dental caries can be caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Robusta coffee bean extract has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Compounds that have antibacterial activity are chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeine, caffeic acid and trigonelline. Robusta coffee bean extract has the potential to be formulated into mouthwash. This study aims to make a mouthwash formula with the active ingredient of roasted Robusta coffee extract and then evaluate the preparation and test its effectiveness against S. mutans bacteria. Mouthwash preparations were made in 3 formulas with different glycerin concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, and 15%. The stability test of the preparation used the treatment before and after the forced condition. Bacterial inhibition test using agar diffusion method with the positive control, namely commercial mouthwash Chlorhexidine and negative control mouthwash formula without extract content. Data analysis used the Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the differences in each treatment, and the Mann-Whitney test to see which treatment groups were significantly different. The results of the evaluation of the stability of the preparation showed that the three formulations of the mouthwash of roasted Robusta coffee bean extract had organoleptic stability, pH, and viscosity. The results of the inhibitory effectiveness test showed that the mouthwash formulation of formula 1 produced an inhibition zone of 1.6 mm, formula 2 of 2.1 mm, formula 3 of 2.4 mm, positive control of 6.8 mm, and negative control did not produce obstacles zone. It can be concluded that the three mouthwash formulas have antibacterial activity in the weak category (5 mm). The concentration of glycerin in the formula had no significant effect on the stability of the preparation and the antibacterial effectiveness of S. mutans. The results of the inhibitory effectiveness test showed that the mouthwash formulation of formula 1 produced an inhibition zone of 1.6 mm, formula 2 of 2.1 mm, formula 3 of 2.4 mm, positive control of 6.8 mm, and negative control did not produce obstacles zone. It can be concluded that the three mouthwash formulas have antibacterial activity in the weak category (5 mm). The concentration of glycerin in the formula had no significant effect on the stability of the preparation and the antibacterial effectiveness of S. mutans. The results of the inhibitory effectiveness test showed that the mouthwash formulation of formula 1 produced an inhibition zone of 1.6 mm, formula 2 of 2.1 mm, formula 3 of 2.4 mm, positive control of 6.8 mm, and negative control did not produce obstacles zone. It can be concluded that the three mouthwash formulas have antibacterial activity in the weak category (5 mm). The concentration of glycerin in the formula had no significant effect on the stability of the preparation and the antibacterial effectiveness of S. mutans.

Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Obat Kumur (Mouthwash) dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kalangkala (Litsea angulata) sebagai Antiseptik Mulut

Research of mouthwash formulation and evaluation of kalangkala leaves extract (Litsea angulata) as an oral antiseptic also has been tested in Streptococcus mutans bacteria by variation in the concentration of extract 2%, 2,5%, and 3%, which aims to determine the ideal formula in physical quality and has the highest antibacterial activity based on an inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutans bacteria in mouthwash formula. The methods used include the step of extraction of Kalangkala leaves, preparation of mouthwash with 3 formula F1 (2%), F2 (2,5%), and F3 (3%) followed by an evaluation that includes organoleptic, pH test, viscosity test, and the test of inhibition zone bacteria. The test of inhibition zone bacteria used NA media with diffusion method. Stability was performed on weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. The result showed variation in the concentration of extract kalangkala leaves in a mouthwash formula affects the diameter of the inhibition zone. But did not have a significant effect on the physical stability properties of the mouthwash formula. Mouthwash formula has the highest antibacterial activity based on the inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutans that is 3% contained in formula F3.

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Obat Kumur Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans Penyebab Karies Gigi

Dental caries is a disease of the oral cavity caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The mouthwash used continuously will cause side effects. So it is necessary to develop mouthwash preparations from natural ingredients, one of the plants is wuluh starfruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) which contain flavonoids, tannins and saponins as antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the formulas for the mouthwash of wuluh starfruit leaves extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) which can affect the bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Research using the disc diffusion method, mouthwash made in 3 formulas, namely FI, FII, FIII with concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20%, which were placed on TSA media that had been overgrown with Streptococcus mutans bacteria incubated and the diameter of the inhibition zone (zone). clear). The results of the research on formula I (10%) on the first day get an average of 4.3 mm and day 14 get an average of 4 mm, this includes the classification of weak inhibition zones (less than 5 mm), formula II (15% ) get an average of 6.3 mm and day 14 get an average of 6 mm including the classification of moderate inhibition zone (5mm-10mm), formula III (20%) gets an average of 9.5mm and day 14 gets an average an average of 9.2 mm including the moderate inhibition zone classification (5mm-10mm), while the positive control (Povidone Iodine 1%) got an average of 13.8 mm and the 14th day got an average of 13.5 mm including the strong inhibition zone classification (more than 10mm) and negative control haven't drag zone. Based on the results of the data above, the formula of wuluh starfruit leaves mouthwash (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) can inhibit Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Preliminary <em>in vitro</em> study of antimicrobial activity of traditional mouthwash preparations

The Sri Lankan Journal of Infectious Diseases (SLJID) is an open access, peer-reviewed, biannual journal published by the Sri Lankan Society for Microbiology (SSM). The Journal considers articles from all professional disciplines involved in the field of infectious diseases. The Journal has been in publication since 2011, is included in the DOAJ since 2018 and is a member of COPE since 2021. The SLJID practices a double-blind peer review policy. From 2022, the SLJID publishes accepted manuscripts online immediately after copy-editing, enabling rapid dissemination of scientific knowledge. The published articles are subsequently compiled into two issues in April and October. The SLJID does not charge any article processing or publication fee.

The Effectiveness of Red Betel (Piper crocatum) Leaf Ethanol Extract Mouthwash in Reducing Dental Plaque Index

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine the difference in the effectiveness of mouthwash of red betel leaf extract on the dental plaque index.
 Design:This research design is Quasi experimental. The ethanol extract of red betel leaf was prepared in various concentrations for use by the correspondents as a mouthwash. Dental plaque was observed before and after treatment, then compared the differences in results between groups.
 Interventions:The intervention variable in this study was a mouthwash preparation containing 4% and 5% ethanol extract of red betel leaf, then compared with a positive control mouthwash preparation containing Chlorhexidine.
 Main outcome measure:The results showed a decrease in the dental plaque index in the correspondents who were given mouthwash containing 4% and 5% red betel leaf ethanol extract. The anova test showed a significant difference between the dental plaque index between before and after treatment (p <0.05).
 Conclusion:Mouthwash containing ethanol extract of red betel leaves is effective in reducing the dental plaque index value.