Development Of Motor Abilities Research Articles

Proposal for Growth and Development Evaluation Chart of Physical Abilities in Preschool Children-Analysis based on wavelet interpolation model-

Growth and development evaluations of physical abilities (physique, motor ability) in preschool children are generally done with uniform evaluation charts of evaluation ranges based on cross-sectional data. In recent years, objective evaluation methods with least squares approximation polynomials have also been established. However, variability cannot be ruled out when using cross-sectional data on the growth and development of physical abilities in preschool children, and so physical development evaluations based on longitudinal changes with age, taking date of birth into account, have not been established. Of course, there are times when methods for constructing evaluations cannot be established. In this study, we applied the wavelet interpolation model to physical ability measurements corresponding to year and month of age, in order to evaluate growth and development of physical abilities associated with longitudinal aging over three years in boys 3 to 5 years old in Japan. First, standard age-related changes were investigated. Physical growth fundamentally tends to occur gradually, but body weight increases with slight fluctuations. In standard development of motor ability, particularly in the 20-m dash, fluctuating trends were seen near 3 years old, but there was a converging tendency in fluctuations associated with aging. In the tennis ball throw, the biological variation was pronounced, and there were large individual differences. Based on these trends, the effectiveness of applying the wavelet interpolation model became clear in this study. Hence, we applied the wavelet interpolation model to the mean values and standard deviations for the growth and development of physical abilities associated with aging over a span of three years during early childhood, and constructed an age span evaluation chart. With this evaluation chart, an evaluation that can correspond flexibly to growth and development in physical ability could be said to have been constructed.

Effects of preterm birth and birth weight on developmental delays of children aged 12-36 months

Background: Early childhood is a critical period for the development of cognitive, linguistic, social, and motor abilities. Due to the importance of early detection of developmental delays in children, this study aims to investigate the effect of preterm birth and birth weight on the developmental skills among children aged 12-36 months. Materials and Methods: In this cohort study, 125 children of 12 to 36 months of age from Khorramabad, Iran, were evaluated in three groups, i.e. preterm group (59 children), low birth weight group and term infants group (21 children), and finally children with average birth weight and term infants group (45 children). This evaluation was carried out using the Ages & Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition in five developmental areas. Five models of logistic regression were separately used for modeling the effect of the “age and birth weight of children”. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v.22 software using logistic regression analysis, where the significance level was 0.05. Results: According to the findings related to child screening, the percentage of developmental delay in at least one area was 49.6%, where the highest and lowest rates of delay were 15.2% and 6.4% in fine motor and problem-solving skills, respectively. Moreover, 9.6% of the children were abnormal in communication skills, and 9.6% and 8.8% of the children were bnormal in gross motor skills and personal-social skills respectively. Based on the logistic regression method, the relationships between “the age and birth weight of children” and the state of communication skill development (P=0.235), fine motor skills (P=0.125) and personal-social skills (P=0.307) were insignificant but noticeable. Conclusion: Low birth weight in full-term infants is a risk factor for delayed communication and fine motor skills, while preterm birth is a risk factor for delayed personal-social skills. Preterm birth and low birth weight are risk factors for developmental delays in children, which require early screening to diagnose and prevent their future complications.

Assessment of strength abilities of primary school children with spastic diplegia in the process of adaptive physical culture classes

Relevance. According to current statistics for 2022, there are already more than 730 thousand children with disabilities in the age group from 0 to 18 years. Based on these data, it is obvious that every year in the Russian Federation there is an increase in the growth of disability among the child population.The purpose of the study: to assess the development of strength abilities in children of primary school age with a diagnosis of spastic diplegia in the process of adaptive physical education classes based on the use of strength exercises for children of this contingent.Methods and organization of the study: The study is based on the application of the author's methodology developed by Ph.D., Associate Professor S.A. Drobysheva. This technique includes means aimed at the formation of psycho-emotional contact with the child, the improvement of household self-service skills, the development of new motor skills and abilities by performing strength exercises from various starting positions with the weight of one's own body and with weights.

Развитие двигательных способностей старших дошкольников с общим недоразвитием речи

The purpose of the research is to determine the level of development of motor abilities and their particularities in older preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment (GSU) based on the analysis and summarisation of the results of an experimental study. The paper presents the scientific, theoretical and practical foundations for improving the study and development of motor abilities in older preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment, as well as the organisation, content, indicators, results of evaluation of motor coordination abilities, speed strength abilities, strength abilities, flexibility, endurance in older preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment. Scientific novelty of the research lies in substantiating the need for motor abilities development as a condition for overcoming speech disorders, forming prerequisites for literacy acquisition and developing the cognitive sphere of preschool children with general speech underdevelopment. As a result, the researchers have obtained data on the delay in motor abilities development of preschoolers with GSU in comparison with their neurotypical peers; have identified an insufficient level of development of their motor coordination abilities and endurance, with no significant difference found in the performance of tasks taking into account gender differences.

The Affect The Effect Of Motoric, Sensoric And Cognitive On Speaking Ability Of Intellectual Disability Children

Background: The growth and development of children is very important for parents to pay attention. The growth and development of children includes the development of motor, sensory and cognitive abilities. Normal sensory and cognitive motor abilities show maturity of brain function, but if there is a delay in motor, sensory and cognitive abilities, it can be caused by impaired brain function maturity, and this can occur in children with intellectual disabilities. 
 Methods: This study applies a quantitative research with an observational analytic design through a cross sectional approach. The research sample was 50 respondents. Bivariate analysis using Spearman rank statistical test and multivariate analysis using multinomial logistic linear regression test model. 
 Results: The results of Spearman's Rank analysis on motor development variables showed a p-value of 0.001 (p 0.05) and a correlation coefficient of 0.647 meaning that there was an effect. The results of the Spearman Rank analysis on the sensory development variable show a p value of 0.030 (p 0.05) and a correlation coefficient value of 0.738 which means there is an effect. The results of the Spearman Rank analysis on cognitive development variables show a p value of 0.003 (p 0.05) and a correlation coefficient of 0.455 which means there is an effect. The results of multivariate statistical tests using multinominal logistic regression analysis obtained a significance value of 0.005 (<0.05). 
 Conclusion: The results of statistical tests with Spearmen Rank showed that sensory and cognitive motor development had an effect on the speech ability of ID children with a p value of 0.001; 0.30; 0.003 and the correlation coefficient value is 0.647; 0.738; 0.455. Meanwhile, the results of the multivariate test using logistic regression showed the value of sig. 0.005 < 0.05.

INDIVIDUAL APPROACH IN MOTOR ABILITIES DEVELOPMENT FOR 9-11 YEAR OLD FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

In modern life, playing sports, including volleyball, are considered as a form of ball sport included in the world system of sports competitions. Volleyball, is widely represented in the Olympic Games program, and also in professional sports. The goal of every volleyball is to move the ball to a specific location on the opponent’s playground and prevent it from falling to your playground. In this time, each team member is responsible for her link, and also insures team members. As the game unfolds volleyball make it possible for movement co-ordination, force, speed, endurance and flexibility. The purpose of the article is methodology improvement of motor abilities development for 9-11 year old female volleyball players at the stage of initial training. The research was performed at the Children’s and Youth Sports School of volleyball, Zaporizhia. It was attended by 40 girls aged from 9 to 11, who were divided into control (CG n=20) and experimental (EG n=20) groups. All girls were classified in the main medical group. The improvement methodology included such parts as: general physical training, special physical training, technical and tactical training, block of theoretical knowledge and games of physical skill. The analysis of the ball scoring after the experiment showed that the data from the control group and the experimental group were ranked at a mark of 2 to 5 points in almost all tests. But the performance of the experimental group turned out to be more intense. The positive influence of the improvement methodology has been stated. The efficiency of the given methodology has been proved by the obtained data.

Особенности обеспечения безопасности личности средствами физической подготовки

The issues of ensuring personal safety during the physical training of special forces employees are analyzed. The characteristic is given to the most significant indicators reflecting the high level of personal security and physical readiness of employees of these units. The concept of technologies for building physical training of a person whose professional work is associated with the manifestation of a high level of development of motor abilities against the background of situ-ational emergent actions is considered. It has been established that the basis of this physical train-ing at the stage of direct preparation for actions in the specialty is the synthesis of training shock, training stabilizing, competitive bringing microcycles. This optimizes the body’s cross-sensitization process. The orientation of the concept of correcting physical training implies an orientation towards the improvement of special endurance, speed in actions, military-applied skills of a higher order. The content and methodology of the program involves at least 9 variable training complexes based on the integration of physical and tactical-special training, structurally adapted to the motor analytical tasks of the profession in the course of their full implementation. The optimal number of complex corrective training for a person at the stage of direct preparation for real actions should be: for 2–3 days – 1 training session; at 5 days – 2; at 6–7 days – 3; at 8–10 days – 4–5; at 11–15 days – 6. The philosophy of ensuring personal safety in the preparation of specialists with a high level of development of polyfunctional motor abilities currently tends to transform from the concept of “individual physical readiness” to an increase in the volume fraction of the concept of “collective physical readiness” to the implementation of anticipatory tasks.

FEATURES OF APPLYING THE CIRCUIT TRAINING METHOD IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOL

The aim of the research is to study the features in terms of applying the circuit training method in the secondary school and identify ways of improvement. The research methods and organization encompass study and analysis of scientific and methodical literature, questionnaire, mathematical statistics. The survey involved 55 physical education teachers. Based on the analysis of scientific-methodical literature the method of circular training appears to have found wide application in the process of physical education designed for various groups of population: preschoolers, schoolchildren, students, adults. As a final result, development of motor abilities, proper level of physical development, physical fitness and comprehensive development of the personality are to be expected.

Uticaj dodatnog telesnog kretanja - vežbanja na transformaciju motoričkih sposobnosti učenica mlađeg školskog uzrasta

Numerous research papers emphasise the problems of regular Physical Education lessons. The most common problem is insufficient influence on the development of motor abilities. The goal of the present research was to study possible statistically significant differences in the transformation of motor abilities of younger school-age female students in relation to regular and additional body movements and exercises. The research was conducted during the second term of 2021/2022 school year in the primary school "Jovan Jovanović Zmaj" in Svilajnac in the form of a pedagogical experiment of longitudinal character with parallel groups. The sample of 39 female students was divided into two special sub-samples - according to the criterion of the additional body movement-exercise: the experimental group with 19 female students who had two additional exercises during one week which lasted for 90 minutes apart from regular Physical Education lessons. The additional exercises were in the form of volleyball training. There was also the control group with 20 female students who did not have any additional exercises apart from regular Physical Education lessons. 6 standardised movement tasks were applied in the evaluation of students' motor abilities. Apart from the procedures of descriptive statistics, for the processing of data the t-test was applied both to the dependent and independent samples. On the basis of the obtained results and the observed differences, it can be stated that the effects of experimental treatment in the studied variables of motor abilities influenced the improvement of motor abilities in both groups from the initial to the final evaluation. All the improvements are greater in experimental group, so that statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control group in the final evaluation were observed in five out of six studied variables and they are in favor of the experimental group. The results indicate that the application of the additional body movement - exercises outsideregular Physical Education lessons is completely justified.

PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF CONJUGATE INFLUENCE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES

The article raises the problem of physical education classes with students who have a low level of functional fitness and development of motor abilities. The low level of physical and technical training of applicants negatively affects the further process of continuous training in physical culture at the university. The analysis of scientific and edu- cational literature, the data of empirical research, allows us to consider the simultaneous pedagogical influence on the education of two or more physical qualities and abilities as one of the ways to improve the health of the younger generation. The author substantiates the need for coupled pedagogical influences as a factor that allows, with a lim- ited time of classes, to simultaneously solve tasks to increase the level of technical and physical perfection. The use of the developed and tested methodology of simultaneous conjugate exposure places high demands on the teacher’s professional knowledge and competencies. The author comes to the conclusion that the purposeful and systematic application of the method of conjugate exposure contributes to a significant increase in the level of functional readi- ness of students.

Здоров’язбереження в освітньому середовищі закладів загальної середньої освіти

Priority areas for education reform in Ukraine are defined by the National Strategy for the Development of Education in Ukraine (2013–2021) and the National Strategy for Physical Fitness in Ukraine until 2025. These are: physical education, physical culture, the formation of motor skills and abilities of students. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem of health care in the educational environment of general secondary education institutions through physical education. The article proves that the health and formation of motor function of students in general secondary education is a complex problem. The problem requires the development of methodological principles, the development of motor function and feedback on the effectiveness of pedagogical influence on the development of motor skills and abilities of students. There is a need to take into account the age, gender and individual characteristics of school students, based on the program which can achieve the most effective results. Object of research: educational process in general secondary education institutions of Ukraine. Subject of research: formation of the process of health care of students of general secondary education institutions of Ukraine. Conclusions. 1. In the conditions of general secondary education institutions there are the following ways to increase the motor activity of students: ensuring the functioning of the motor mode of children; monitoring the state of motor readiness of children; creating conditions for the formation of children's skills of self-organization and self-control, which will promote the activation of motor activity; control of the process of formation of effective motor behavior of students of general secondary education. 2. In order to achieve a high level of physical activity, students need to pay more attention to the process of physical improvement in educational institutions, in the process of upbringing in families and in out-of-school educational institutions. 3. The norm of motor activity in childhood is taken to be the amount of motor activity that fully meets the biological needs of movement, promotes good health. 4. Methods of motor activity of students of general secondary education are as follows: exercises with elements of gymnastics, jumping, games for active recreation, mastering the skills of strength exercises, rhythm in the structure of movement, the ability to control movements.

Speed, agility and explosive leg power in female junior volleyball players: A comparative study

Background: Success in performing professional volleyball is determined by many factors such as: motor abilities and skills, psychological conditions, and morphological structure of the players. Modern volleyball game requires from all players a high level of general motor abilities, as well as specific motor skills that are defining the volleyball game and certain playing positions. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study are: 1) to evaluate motor abilities (speed, agility and explosive leg power) in Macedonian Junior National League players; and 2) to compare Macedonian players with players from other countries in a qualitative manner. Study Design: A sample of 191 participants, female volleyball players aged 13-18 years, that are part of Junior National League in Macedonia, Albania, Serbia, Croatia, and Spain, was included. Setting: Macedonian Junior National League players (N=30) were evaluated at the Faculty of physical education, sport and health in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. In order to extract data for players from other countries (N=161), papers published in peer-reviewed journals were used. Materials and Methods: Speed, agility and explosive leg power in Macedonian Junior National League players were assessed by applying: T20m, T505, squat jump, countermovement jump and countermovement jump with arm swing. The data regarding motor abilities in players from other countries were extracted from published papers. Statistics: To examine whether data have a normal distribution, Skewness and Kurtosis values, as well as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. Basic mathematical and appropriate statistical methods were used in order to calculate descriptive statistical parameters by applying Microsoft Office Excel 2010. In order to compare Macedonian players, with players from Albania, Serbia, Croatia, and Spain, a Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet was created. Results: Players that are part of Macedonian Junior National League are faster than the players from Croatian and Serbian Junior National League, but less agile than the players from Spanish Junior National League, and have lower explosive power of legs than players from Albanian and Serbian Junior National League. Conclusion: Thus, advice to Macedonian coaches would be to work more in a direction of motor abilities development, especially in pioneer and youth categories, instead of putting the main emphasis on player specialization at early age.

Методика развития скоростных качеств у сотрудников полиции для действий во внештатных ситуациях оперативно-служебной деятельности

The article considers the scientific foundations of the pedagogical approach to the study and development of speed qualities, in particular, the reaction speed and functional capacities of a person who provides professional training of police officers and athletes. During the research, the features of the speed qualities development, in particular the speed of reaction, were studied by means of physical training, with the help of which it is possible to achieve maximum speed of response, and, on this basis, to form stable skills for counteraction in emergency situations related to service-applied activities. A set of factors determining the speed of response to an external signal is considered. Methods for the growth of speed in the training process serve as the basis for the progress of this quality in relation to the operational and service activities of police officers. The article presents the most effective methods of speed development, aimed both at improving this physical quality, and contributing to the formation of the necessary motor skills for the successful fulfillment of operational-service tasks and for competing.
 Speed qualities are complex in their structure, including the time of the motor reaction, the speed of a single movement, the frequency of movements, etc. These complexity and diversity should be taken into account during the training of high-speed abilities of police officers for actions in extreme situations of operational and service activities, and a special emphasis on the acquisition and development of new motor skills and abilities should be made.

Substantiation of comparative standards for assessing the indicators of general and strength endurance among 5-6 year-old preschoolers

Introduction. The research relevance is in the need to improve the process of physical education of 5-6 year-old children based on the development of sound quantitative criteria of pedagogical control over the level of motor abilities development. Research purpose is to identify the features of development of general and strength endurance in 5-6 year-old boys and girls and substantiate the standards for their assessment. Materials and methods. The study was carried out with the participation of healthy 5-6 year-old children who do not have medical contraindications for attending physical education classes. The sample size exceeded 1,600 preschoolers in the age group under study. The research methods included motor readiness testing and mathematical-statistical processing of the obtained data. The statistical significance of the differences was determined by Student’s t-test for independent samples and Fisher’s F-test. Research results. The study obtained extensive information about preschoolers’ motor fitness. It was found that 5-6 year-old children are statistically significantly inferior to 6-7 year-old preschoolers in terms of the level of development of general (t=9.57; p<0.001) and strength (t=27.11; p<0.001) endurance. The features of motor fitness among 5-6 year-old children, conditioned by their gender, were also revealed. The comparison of the average values of a general endurance indicator made it possible to establish that boys are statistically significantly (t=2.65; p<0.01) superior to girls. It was also revealed that the results of the sit-up test among the boys differ in more significant variability (F=1.36; p<0.01). Taking into account the results obtained, modern, relevant and representative comparative standards have been substantiated for the diagnostics of general and strength endurance. On the basis of a standard scale for the value of general and strength endurance indicators, five assessment scales characterizing low, below-average, average, above-average and high levels of development were revealed. Conclusion. The developed standards make it possible to objectively assess the dynamics of the development of general and strength endurance in 5-6 year-old boys and girls in physical education classes in preschool educational organizations. They can be used as a means of pedagogical control over the level of motor abilities development of preschoolers in the age group under study.

Physical Education Curriculum is Effective in Development of Motor Abilities in 9th grade School Children?

Physical education plays an important role in developing motor abilities, skills and competence in children. Main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of physical education curriculum by assessing in 9 th grade school- children: (1) abdominal muscle strength; (2) lower back muscle strength; (3) upper limbs muscle strength; (4) lower limbs muscle strength; (5) explosive leg power; and (6) flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles, at the beginning, and at the end of the school term. Basic mathematical and appropriate statistical methods were used in order to calculate descriptive statistical parameters, Skewness and Kurtosis values, as well as Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, were used in order to examine whether data have a normal distribution, and a Student’s t-test was applied in order to test if there is a statistically significant difference in children’s motor abilities between the beginning and the end of the school term. For this purpose, we used Microsoft Office Excel 2010. At the end of the second school term, children in 9 th grade have shown better results in all assessed variables, meaning they have increased motor ability levels after 4 months of applying specific exercises within the thematic plan of the physical education curriculum, which leads to the conclusion that physical education curriculum allows us to introduce effective tasks in increasing strength, explosive power and flexibility in 9 th grade school children.

Association of Individual Motor Abilities and Accelerometer-Derived Physical Activity Measures in Preschool-Aged Children

This study explored the relationship between motor abilities and accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity (PA) within preschool-aged children. A total of 193 children (101 girls, 4.2 ± 0.7 years) completed five tests to assess motor abilities, shuttle run (SR), standing long jump, lateral jumping, one-leg stand, and sit and reach. Four PA variables derived from 7-day wrist-worn GENEActiv accelerometers were analyzed including moderate to vigorous PA (in minutes), total PA (in minutes), percentage of total PA time in moderate to vigorous PA, and whether or not children met World Health Organization guidelines for PA. Linear regressions were conducted to explore associations between each PA variable (predictor) and motor ability (outcome). Models were adjusted for age, sex, height, parental education, time spent at sports clubs, and wear time. Models with percentage of total PA time in moderate to vigorous PA were adjusted for percentage of total PA time. Regression analyses indicated that no PA variables were associated with any of the motor abilities, but demographic factors such as age (e.g., SR: ß = −0.45; 95% confidence interval [−1.64, −0.66]), parental education (e.g., SR: ß = 0.25; 95% confidence interval [0.11, 1.87]), or sports club time (e.g., SR: ß = −0.08; 95% confidence interval [−0.98, 0.26]) showed substantial associations with motor abilities. Model strength varied depending on the PA variable and motor ability entered. Results demonstrate that total PA and meeting current PA guidelines may be of importance for motor ability development and should be investigated further. Other covariates showed stronger associations with motor abilities such as time spent at sports clubs and should be investigated in longitudinal settings to assess the associations with individual motor abilities.

Horse Racing: A Traditional Game to Improve Children’s Motor Gross Skill (Ethnopedagogy study on Dompu Tribe)

Gross motor encompasses all abilities of coordination, flexibelity, and balance. Children are given opportunities to play more energetically activities such us horse racing tradional game. Yet, the study aims to investigate the stages of early childhood Gross motor skill transition using traditional horse racing activities in the Dompu community of Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative approach by ethnographic methods. The research subjects consisted of six young jockeys aged 4-8 years old and seven horse owners. The data were gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using domain, taxonomic, compound and theme analysis techniques. The researchers found that the child jockeys go through three stages as their gross motor abilities improve and mature. The development of children's gross motor abilities begins with horse cleaning, river riding, and regular training in the horse racing arena. All of these stages are completed by youngsters with supervision of professionals or parents. Past research have shown that horseback riding may be used as a physical motor therapy intervention for children with special needs, such as autism and down syndrome.

Combined impact method in the preparatory period of the annual macrocycle of female volleyball players aged 18–19 years old

Background and Study Aim. The work aim is to develop and experimentally test the combined impact method performance in the preparatory period of the annual macrocycle of 18–19 year old volleyball players (girls).
 Material and Methods. The study involved volleyball players (girls) aged 18–19 years old (n = 24, training experience – 9 years). Volleyball players (girls) were divided into control (n = 12) and experimental (n = 12) groups.
 Results. The method contributed to a higher rate of growth of most parameters of special readiness among volleyball players (girls) of the experimental group. A significant improvement in special readiness (p <0.05) was revealed for all parameters in both groups. In the experimental group, an improvement (p <0.001) was observed for 8 out of 11 parameters. In the control group, a significant improvement in the results (p <0.001) occurred in 3 cases out of 11. A significant improvement in speed and strength training parameters (p <0.001) was revealed: in 3 out of 4 cases (experimental group); in 1 out of 4 cases (control group). The quality of performance of the game basic techniques improved by: 4–22% (p <0.04–0.001 in experimental group) 4–11% (p <0.05–0.02 in control group).
 Conclusions. It is advisable to devote more time to the development of more significant motor abilities of volleyball players (girls) (speed, speed and strength, dexterity and coordination). It is advisable to improve endurance in combination with the development of other motor abilities and in the process of technical and tactical improvement. In the physical training of volleyball players (girls), it is advisable to use as many training means as possible, which are similar to the main game techniques according to spatio–temporal and dynamic characteristics. Movements with load contribute to the development of intermuscular coordination and allow to quickly form the correct idea of the trained motor action.

ВОЗРАСТНАЯ ДИНАМИКА ДВИГАТЕЛЬНЫХ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ 8–17 ЛЕТ ПО ДАННЫМ ПОПУЛЯЦИОННОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

Aim. The purpose of the study is to compare age- and gender-related dynamics of motor abilities in primary, secondary and high school students in a population study conducted in 6 regions of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The study involved more than 10 000 students from primary (grade 2 and 4), secondary (grade 5 and 7), and high (grade 10) schools. Motor abilities were assessed by using the coefficients that eliminated the influence of the speed component (for the agility coefficient) and body length (for the specific indicators of sprint and longdistance running speed, as well as for the specific length of standing long jump). Results. Indices of motor fitness were used for analyzing motor skills development in children and adolescents. The following indices were proposed: agility coefficient, specific sprint speed, specific long-distance running speed, specific standing long jump distance. Age dynamics and gender differences in these indicators reflect the patterns of motor skills development in modern schoolchildren. In particular, the stages at which sensitivity of motor functions can be expected were found, which makes it possible to plan physical activities in the framework of PE classes at school. Conclusion. The results obtained demonstrate sexual dimorphism in the development of motor abilities, frequency and heterochrony of their maturation, as well as, in some cases, synchronization of changes in female and male children. The revealed patterns are important for physical education, which is designed for using biological potential in the development of physical abilities as efficiently as possible.

The effect of Active Learning in the Style of Small Groups in Developing Some Motor Abilities and Learning the Skill of Peaceful Correction with Basketball for Students

The aim of the current study is to identify the effect of learning the active method for small groups indeveloping some motor skills and learning the skill of peaceful correction for basketball students. Theresearcher believes that learning the skill of peaceful archery requires the teacher to apply it. The methodsof dealing with students ’thinking and their reliance on self-learning affect positively and effectively inlearning this skill, and for this the research community is identified and students represent the first stage ofthe College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Dhi Qar University. An academic year (2018-2019)with a total of 100 students, 30 students were selected randomly by lot, and they were divided into twogroups, one experimental p. (15) students, an applied educational curriculum prepared by the researcher bylearning to adopt small groups of type B Active in developing some motor abilities and learning the skill ofpeaceful association, the basketball department for a period of (4) weeks, at a rate of two educational unitsper week, and the second supervising the number of (15) students representing Division (E). The methodfollowed by the subject teacher was used, and after several procedures the researcher concluded that theeducational curriculum prepared by e, which was applied to the members of the experimental group, had animpact on the development of motor abilities and the level of skill performance.