Behavior Motivation Research Articles

The Moderation Effect of Approach Motivation Between Schizotypy and Creative Ideational Behavior.

The schizotypy-creativity link has been studied from different perspectives over the past few decades, yet the results of this relationship are inconsistent in the literature. Previous studies have suggested that two basic motivational systems-Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS, avoidance motivation) and Behavioral Activation System (BAS, approach motivation)-underlie the relationship between schizotypy and creativity. Few empirical studies, however, have examined how the relationship interacts with other variables. This study fills these gaps and explores the role of the approach and avoidance motivation assessed by trait behavioral activation and inhibition in the link between schizotypy as a dimensional personality trait and creative ideational behavior as a measure of creativity. Undergraduate students (N = 388) completed questionnaires including the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) measuring 3 dimensions of schizotypy, Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS) measuring creative ideational behavior, and BIS/BAS Scales measuring trait behavioral motivation. Bivariate Pearson correlation was computed, and hierarchical linear regression was performed to explore the effects of schizotypy, BIS/BAS, and their interaction on creative ideational behavior. The conditional effect of schizotypy based on different levels of the moderator was further tested. The total score, positive dimension and disorganized dimension of SPQ were all positively correlated with RIBS, BAS, and BIS. Negative dimension of SPQ was not significantly correlated with the RIBS score but was positively correlated with BIS. Additionally, after controlling gender and age, BAS significantly moderated the relationship between the positive and disorganized dimensions of schizotypy and creative ideational behavior measured by RIBS. However, BIS was not a significant moderator. The findings of this study regarding the relationships between different dimensions of schizotypy, two motivational systems, and creative ideational behavior were mostly consistent with previous findings. The significant moderated effect of BAS on the relationship between two dimensions of schizotypy and creative ideational behavior made significant contributions to the understanding of the relationship between schizotypy and creativity.

Methods of Analysis the Motives for Legal Tax Behavior

The paper is devoted to improving the methodology for conducting laboratory experiments to study the actions of taxpayers. We note that the use of standard economic methods is not enough to study citizens’ behavioral motives (in particular, the desire to evade their duties). The authors analyzed experimental methods of studying tax evasion, carried out their comparative characteristics and identified the problems of their implementation in practice. Based on the analysis of the results of previous experiments, we proved that involving students as interviewers enables us to identify and evaluate the behaviour trends of taxpayers. The research methodology is based on the use of tools and methods of comparative analysis, tabular and graphical methods of data visualization. In particular, the comparative characteristics of the form factor surveys (vignette with one profile, vignette with a double profile, single-profile association, conjugate profile, conjugate paired profile) made it possible to identify as a priority for use in laboratory tax experiments the conjugate paired profile in the form of a survey. In the resulting part of the paper, we presented the disadvantages of laboratory experiments and suggested possible options for their solution, which is an element of scientific novelty and the significance of the research’ results.

A Study of Modal Salient Beliefs in The Behavior of Using Dialect Stickers

This study aims to explore the behavioral intrinsic factors of post-95 youth (Generation Z) in using dialect stickers on social platforms. The qualitative research method of semi-structured interviews based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) summarizes the modal salient beliefs of the behavior of using dialect stickers and analyzes the main motivations of users' behavior of using dialect stickers. The findings suggest that post-95 youth (Generation Z) have a positive attitude toward dialect sticker use, driven mainly by the factors of pleasantness and bringing people closer together. Although the advantages of dialect stickers were generally recognized as outweighing the disadvantages, cross-dialect communication barriers remained a major factor in generating negative emotions. Older generations are less receptive to dialect stickers, while the attitudes and behaviors of fellow villagers as well as friends have a significant impact on the use of dialect stickers. The study concluded that the behavioral influences on dialect sticker use need to be further measured and assessed, and the present study provides information on the beliefs of the measurement questionnaire, which provides a valuable reference for dialect sticker design.

Entry Behaviour, Learner Motivation, Self-Regulation and Academic Performance of First Year ICT Students: Evidence from Kibi Technical Institute

The study investigated the impact of entry behaviour on academic performance among first-year ICT students at Kibi Technical Institute, while also exploring learner motivation and self-regulation as predictive factors. The study, rooted in motivation and self-regulation theory, utilized a positivist approach and an explanatory design. Data, gathered from 100 first-year ICT students using a structured questionnaire and academic records, were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics v26. Results showed that self-regulation significantly predicted academic performance, whereas entry behaviour and learner motivation had insignificant effects. It recommends integrating self-regulation training programs into the curriculum to empower students with effective learning strategies and management techniques

Unperceived, the impact of information gap design plateware on food waste

Curiosity is a powerful motivator of behaviour. Although there have been some studies pertaining to the application of curiosity in the realm of food, research examining the potential to influence consumer food waste behaviour through the induction of curiosity is lacking. This study conducted two onsite dining experiments to explore the role and mechanism of curiosity in reducing food waste in a real dining environment by utilising an information gap design in tableware to induce participants' curiosity. Experiment 1 investigated the differences in food waste between participants using bowls with an information gap design and those using bowls with no information gap (blank bowls). Experiment 2 further controlled for other variables that could potentially influence the outcomes between bowls with and without information gaps; the latter displayed complete text externally. The results of both experiments consistently demonstrated a significant reduction in participants’ food waste when utilising utensils with an information gap design. Moreover, we conducted an exploratory analysis combining these two experiments to examine the mediating mechanisms involved. Furthermore, the exploratory analysis suggested the mediating mechanism of curiosity elicited by the information gap design, ultimately leading to a decrease in food waste. This study presents a potential avenue for a simple and innovative approach for mitigating food waste.

Институциональная среда и институционализация поведенческого регулирования: теоретические основы экономического развития

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the intensification of the use of appropriate Nudge technologies and their combination with classical technologies of behavioral economics have led in many countries of the world to the institutionalization of behavioral regulation in centralized or decentralized models. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the models of institutionalization of «behavioral» regulation at the macroeconomic level in the countries of the world. At the same time, the tasks set are solved: the theoretical essence of institutions and the institutional environment is generalized, as well as the features and problems of its formation are considered. Behavioral nudging is considered as a potentially promising approach to improving government regulation both in academic discussion and in practice. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the fundamental works of Russian and foreign authors. Along with traditional methods of scientific research, systemic and institutional-evolutionary approaches, dialectical methods of cognition and interdisciplinary methods of analysis are used. Results. Increasing the effectiveness of the practice of using the behavioral motives of economic entities in the process of developing state economic policy is due to the application and introduction of techniques of influence of the theory of nudging, which determines the choice of a more rational solution that meets the interests of the individual and society. The institutionalization of behavioral regulation in a centralized model is represented by specific government agencies or departments specializing in the development of solutions using the theory of behavioral economics. Institutions of the decentralized model are independent commercial organizations that are not part of the structure of government agencies. Conclusion. It was found out that the process of formation and functioning of institutions of behavioral regulation in different countries of the world has its own specifics, and the bodies themselves are constantly changing. However, all options for institutionalizing behavioral regulation at the macro level leave the risk of using «dark nudging», which requires the creation of special institutions to mitigate or eliminate its negative consequences. The most important principle in the development of behavioral tools is compliance with universal and personal interests at the same time

Качество сессии в психотерапии и консультировании: литературный обзор методов оценивания и основных характеристик

<p style="text-align: justify;">Defining a high-quality psychotherapy or counseling session is important but challenging due to the lack of consensus in the scientific community. Presently, there is no clear definition or universally accepted criteria for determining session quality. This article presents a narrative review of contemporary literature on universal methods for evaluating the quality of individual psychotherapy and psychological counseling sessions. This review aims to identify prevalent and valid instruments for assessing session quality and to define the main characteristics of a high-quality session. The Session Evaluation Questionnaire, Session Evaluation Scale, Session Impacts Scale, and Individual Therapy Process Questionnaire encompass the predominant methods found. This study explores the structure, applications, psychometric properties, strengths, and weaknesses of each tool and provides recommendations for their utilization in examining session quality. The article also comprehensively examines the characteristics of high-quality sessions embedded within these methods. High-quality sessions are based on a trusting relationship in which the specialist respects the client's self-sufficiency and avoids imposing his/her beliefs or actions. To improve the quality of sessions, the therapist or counselor should emotionally support the client, encourage hope, actualize strengths, develop inner resources, help reframe and overcome difficulties, explore new perspectives and meanings, and increase overall awareness of motivations for behavior.</p>

Motives For Fraudulent Behavior In Islamic Bank: Hexagon Model Of Perspective Fraud

This research explores the motives for fraudulent behaviour using the fraud hexagon model approach in Islamic Bank X, city Y. This research is qualitative research with primary data sources. Data collection was carried out through unstructured interviews and then deepened through observation. The informants for this research consisted of 7 people who had worked and were currently working in several parts of Islamic Bank X, city Y. This research used qualitative data analysis techniques with three stages in the form of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. This research reveals the motives for fraudulent behaviour at Islamic Bank X in City Y from the perceptive fraud hexagon model. Fraudulent behaviour is based on the perpetrator's intention and is driven by motives in the form of pressure, rationalization, opportunity, ability, arrogance and collusion. Companies can use the results of this research to consider strategies and policies for controlling risks against fraud. The results of this research can also be helpful for Islamic Banks regarding the suitability of a person's position. Sharia banks must develop their human resources well so that there is a balance between employee rights and obligations.

Investigating the influence of risk perception on females’ public service motivation during public health emergencies

Since the inception of Public Service Motivation (PSM) by Perry and Wise, substantial research has been conducted in this domain. However, there is a dearth of scholarly investigation into the impact of changing public service environments, specifically the perception of workplace risk, on public service motivation. Recent public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have necessitated significant changes in frontline public employees’ work environments. As they frequently engage in epidemic prevention and control activities, which entail direct exposure to the virus, their motivation may fluctuate based on their perceived risks. Female employees, in particular, facing the dual pressures of work and family responsibilities, are more prone to being affected. Drawing upon the human behavioral motivation and Stress-Strain-Outcome framework, this study examines the influence mechanism of risk perception on public service motivation among 214 female employees who participated in epidemic control during the 2022 lockdown period in Shanghai. As the findings indicate, risk perception detrimentally affects their public service motivation both directly and indirectly through emotional exhaustion or anxiety-emotional exhaustion dual mediation, whereas anxiety does not mediate such a relationship. The study’s theoretical significance lies in its potential to broaden the scope of antecedent research on public service motivation and address the research gap about the mechanisms through which risk perception influences public service motivation during public health emergencies. Practically, these insights may assist public organizations in mitigating the adverse effects of risk perception, thereby enhancing their employees’ well-being and service effectiveness.

Sustainability of development of economic entities in partially autarkic economy

Subject. The article considers the methodology for assessing the sustainability of business entities’ development in modern Russia, characterized by elements of autarky. Objectives. Our aims are to reveal the specifics of sustainable development in a closed economy, determine the degree stakeholders’ interests coordination as a basis for identifying sustainability of their development, elaborate a methodology for determining the sustainability of development of economic entities in a partially autarkic economy. Methods. We employ general scientific methods, i.e. scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, as well as approaches to determining the influence of behavioral motives of decision-makers when identifying the effectiveness of economic entities’ development. Results. The paper underpinned the need to determine the impact of the degree of coordination of stakeholders' interests in determining the sustainability of development of market actors; offered a classification of stakeholders' interests; developed the traditional concept of triple bottom line that rests on identification of economic, social, and environmental indicators of development on the basis of supplementing the assessment of sustainability by the results of stakeholder interests coordination. Conclusions. In addition to the impact of social, environmental and economic factors, it is necessary to determine the level of coordination of stakeholders' interests, as well as stakeholder risk.

The feedback dilemma in medical education: insights from medical residents’ perspectives

BackgroundFeedback is a critical component of the learning process in a clinical setting. This study aims to explore medical residents’ perspectives on feedback delivery and identify potential barriers to feedback-seeking in clinical training.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 180 medical residents across seventeen specialties. We employed the validated Residency Education Feedback Level Evaluation in Clinical Training (REFLECT) tool to assess residents’ perspectives on their attitude toward feedback, quality of feedback, perceived importance, and reaction to feedback. Additionally, we explored barriers to feedback-seeking behavior among medical residents.ResultsThe majority of medical residents held positive attitudes toward feedback. They agreed that feedback improves their clinical performance (77.7%), professional behavior (67.2%), and academic motivation (56.7%), while also influencing them to become a better specialist in their future career (72.8%). However, the study revealed critical deficiencies in the feedback process. Only 25.6% of residents reported receiving regular feedback and less than half reported that feedback was consistently delivered at suitable times and locations, was sufficiently clear or included actionable plans for improvement. A minority (32.2%) agreed that faculty had sufficient skills to deliver feedback effectively. Moreover, peer-to-peer feedback appeared to be a primary source of feedback among residents. Negative feedback, though necessary, often triggered feelings of stress, embarrassment, or humiliation. Notably, there were no significant differences in feedback perceptions among different specialties. The absence of a feedback-seeking culture emerged as a central barrier to feedback-seeking behavior in the clinical setting.ConclusionsEstablishing shared expectations and promoting a culture of feedback-seeking could bridge the gap between residents’ perceptions and faculty feedback delivery. Furthermore, recognizing the role of senior and peer residents as valuable feedback sources can contribute to more effective feedback processes in clinical training, ultimately benefiting resident development and patient care.

A Study on College Students' Motivation of Searching for "Travel Partners" to Travel Together

The rise of the Internet has made the forms of youth tourism more diverse, and child travel is a new type of companion travel in recent years. This paper studies the composition and characteristics of college students' group companion travel motivation through in-depth interviews, and summarizes their travel behavior and psychological motivation driven by different needs. This study reviews the previous research on the motivation of Internet-based self-help travel, and finds that there are differences in the ways of obtaining travel companions between child travel and Internet-based self-help travel. At last, the study points out the "emotional hidden trouble" behind the child-friendly tourism, and looks forward to the innovation that the tourism virtual community platform can make to meet the trend of child-friendly tourism, so as to ensure the safety and convenience of child-friendly tourism.

Social, behavioral and environmental determinants of vector-borne diseases: A narrative review of evidence and implications for integrated control approaches.

Vector-borne diseases exert immense health burdens worldwide. Malaria alone causes over 200 million cases and 600,000 deaths annually. Transmission involves complex drivers requiring examination beyond entomological factors. A systematic literature search across databases identified relevant studies on vector-borne disease determinants published in the last two decades, with priority given to rigorous designs like longitudinal analyses, reviews, and meta-analyses from diverse epidemic regions, allowing narrative synthesis of key determinants, relationships, and gaps. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on social, behavioral, and environmental determinants of major vector-borne disease risks over the past decade. Lower education, poverty, unplanned urbanization, gender inequities, inadequate water and waste management, climate variations, and land-use changes stood out as key determinants. However, significant knowledge gaps remain around quantifying precise threshold effects and impacts of tailored interventions across contexts. A social-ecological perspective recognizing interdependencies between determinants should frame integrated control programs. Multicomponent strategies addressing environmental modifications, protective measures, behavioral motivators, and infrastructure alongside governance and community engagement require implementation research and impact evaluation. Overall, this review highlights priority areas for advancing evidence-based vector control through contextualized, determinant-targeted policies and interventions. Further research incorporating modeling, trials, and cost-effectiveness analyses is critical to validate approaches that address influential drivers, leverage motivators, and reduce the global burden.

PSYCHOLOGICAL NOVELS OF US AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGYSMS

Psychological novels can be found in a number of scientific publications about their origin and the psychological process in it. In world and European literature, psychological novels and the definition of psychologisms are studied in relation to the works of James Joyce and Henry James, while in Russian literature, the works of Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy reveal the deep points of the hero's psyche and the inner motives of human behavior. Novel writing or analysis of the inner world of the heroes of works of art, when it comes to Uzbek literature, started in the late 40s of the last century, but gradually became firmly established in the world of literature in the 60s. Although the psychological approach to fiction was formed in Europe, its development is closely associated with modern America today.

A Study of the Use of Mathematical Models in a Blind Box Economy

Since 2016, blind boxes have been loved by consumers, and the blind box economy has exploded. However, the blind box economy is closely linked with mathematical models. The mathematical models could be research predictions of profit and loss in blind boxes. Such functions as the loss function can assess the purchase probability of the blind box as well as how to avoid massive losses. Neural networks and Linear regression can predict the price changes of the blind box. Besides, we can predict and analyze the psychological and behavioral motivations of consumers. Therefore, the passage through literature reading and specific data analysis methods focuses on the mathematical models such as Loss function , Neural network and Linear regression that are applied in the blind box now. And the passage also describes the predictional model of profit and loss controdiction to avoid consumers consuming excessively a pig in a poke. At present, Linear regression can analysis and calculate investment with the blind box, but it should consider a lot of factors that can cause errors. Neural network can predict price changes, and it needs a large amount of data to support the model. Loss function can be used to predict the profit and loss of a blind box, but it also needs a large amount of data to prove its accuracy.

Empowering architecture, engineering and construction students through building information modeling competitions: a deep dive into behavioral motivation

PurposeBuilding Information Modeling (BIM) competitions are a beneficial approach to enhance BIM education, offering students practical experience in BIM application, including mastering workflows and technical tools. However, research exploring the individual perceptions influencing participation intentions and behaviors in BIM competitions is limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors affecting university students' behavioral intention and behavior in BIM competitions, providing theoretical support for BIM competitions and educational reform.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework to analyze the factors influencing BIM competition participation among 970 Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) university students.FindingsThe results of the study show that social influence, attitude, and self-efficacy play critical roles in shaping students' intentions to participate in BIM competitions. Furthermore, self-efficacy, facilitating conditions, and behavioral intention significantly influence students' actual engagement in such competitions. Surprisingly, effort expectancy negatively influences intentions, as less challenging tasks can lead students to perceive their participation as less impactful on their skills and learning, reducing their behavioral intention to participate.Originality/valueThis research provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of BIM competitions in enhancing BIM education for AEC students. Extending the UTAUT model to include self-efficacy and attitude, provides a novel perspective for understanding students' intentions and behaviors regarding BIM competitions. The study’s theoretical support proposes incorporating BIM competitions to augment BIM teaching methods and offers suggestions for advancing the efficacy of students' involvement in BIM competitions within higher education, thus contributing to educational reform in the AEC sector.

School Leader Behavior and Teacher Work Task Motivation Towards a Proposed Motivational Training Program for Teachers

This study aims to explore the relationship between school leadership behaviors and teacher motivation in the Chinese educational environment. Research understands the impact of this relationship by examining teacher profiles, assessments of principal leadership behaviors, and measures of teacher motivation levels. Research has found that principals exhibiting caring-oriented behaviors help increase teachers' motivation levels. However, teacher motivation is more influenced by external factors, such as rewards and incentives, rather than intrinsic satisfaction that comes from the job itself. Research also highlights the importance of transformational leadership in stimulating teacher interest and improving performance. Based on the findings, a series of recommendations are put forward to improve teacher motivation and performance, including promoting genuine interest in teaching, providing incentives, creating a teamwork atmosphere, providing professional development opportunities, and making effective use of educational resources. This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between leadership behaviors and teacher motivation in Chinese educational institutions and provides practical suggestions for improvement.

Does Competition in Online Games Foster Green Behaviour in Life? The Relationship Between Gamification Affordances and Engagement in Green Behaviours

In this study, to address global sustainable development challenges, we focused on the use of gamification systems, such as Ant Forest, to promote individual sustainable behaviours. Our research model combined gamification affordances with cognitive evaluation theory. We conducted partial least squares structural equation modelling to analyse 485 valid questionnaire responses and illuminate how gamification can shape users’ green behaviours. We also employed partial least squares multigroup analysis to explore the moderating effects of competition affordances on psychological needs and other gamification affordances. The findings revealed that competition affordances influence the effectiveness of other gamification affordances and significantly alter users’ psychological mechanisms, thereby fostering their intrinsic motivation for sustainable behaviour. This paper underscores the potential of gamification to encourage sustainable behaviours and emphasises the need for a careful balance of competition within gamification design.

Love and hate do not modulate the attentional blink but improve overall performance

ABSTRACT How may feelings of love and hate impact people’s attention? We used a modified Attentional Blink (AB) task in which 300 participants were asked to categorise a name representing a person towards whom they felt either hate, love, or neutral (first target) plus identify a number word (second target), both embedded in a rapidly presented stream of other words. The lag to the second target was systematically varied. Contrary to our hypothesis, results revealed that both hated and loved names resulted in higher accuracy for the second target than neutral names, which was largely independent of lag. Also, there we observed no sustained transfer effects of love and hate onto neutral name trials. The findings differ from prior research on attentional blink and transient, non-personal, stimulus-driven emotions, suggesting that interpersonal feelings activate different attention-relevant mechanisms. Relevant to future research, we speculate that love and hate are motivators of goal-directed behaviour that facilitate subsequent information processing.

The Case for an Expressive Logic of Action

Abstract How can scholars theorize about phenomena like the eroding support, within the West, for the liberal democratic practices that once defined the post-1945 international order? Cumulative evidence shows that resentment toward out-groups shapes public attitudes toward issues like immigration and globalization, bolstering support for isolationist foreign policies in Western democracies. Yet, these findings contrast with the logics of action—based on means-end calculations, shared norms, practices, or habit—that IR scholars use to develop theory. Because existing logics provide a limited vocabulary to theorize about group processes with crucial symbolic and affective features, an important dimension of foreign policy behavior remains undertheorized. In this article, I draw on multi-disciplinary research to develop an expressive logic of action, whereby political behavior expresses an actor's social identification. Based on this logic, group attachment provides a compelling motivation for political behavior, whose activation depends on an interaction between issue framing and psychological dispositions. By focusing on the distinctive features of expressive behavior and specifying the mechanisms behind this behavior, an expressive logic encourages theory development and refinement across domains.