Motivational Orientation Research Articles

To be fooled or not to be fooled: Approach and avoidance facets of Machiavellianism.

The antagonistic personality trait Machiavellianism (Mach) should be characterized by duplicity, proclivity to manipulation, cynical disregard of others, long-term planning, and low aggression. Opposed to theoretical descriptions, recent studies revealed links between Mach and neuroticism, impulsivity, and aggression. The advantages of a multidimensional assessment of Mach are well known but were seldom implemented. Hence, differential effects within Mach have often been neglected. Based on previous research on basic motivational orientations, we derived two facets-Machiavellian approach and Machiavellian avoidance. These facets account for exploitative, strategic striving for resources and for misanthropic, distrustful loss prevention, respectively. In two studies (total N = 1,000, 21% men), we found support for the two-factor structure, for measurement invariance across sexes, and the nomological network of the eight-item Machiavellian Approach and Avoidance Questionnaire (MaaQ). As expected, Machiavellian approach was primarily associated with hope for power, whereas Machiavellian avoidance was linked to affective criteria and aggression. Both approach and avoidance shared links with disagreeableness, dishonesty, and cynicism. Furthermore, they correlated with other Mach scales. The findings explain counterintuitive links with other constructs found in earlier studies and thereby further the understanding of Mach. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Motivational Strategies of Teachers in Relation To Learners’ Academic Performance

Motivating learners is one of the most critical and challenging parts of teaching. As such, they differ in how they motivate students and their motivational strategies. This quantitative inquiry determined the motivational strategies of teachers and students’ academic performance according to age, civil status, teaching experience, highest educational attainment, and average monthly income. To answer the descriptive and inferential questions, a researcher-made questionnaire was utilized. It was revealed that the level of motivational strategies of teachers in the areas of (1) introduction of the lesson, (2) discussion of the lesson, and (3) assessment of lesson we're all on a high level. However, the results indicated that the respondents least prefer helping learners prepare for the discussion using a pre-formed questionnaire, informal classroom debates, and a strategy that allows learners to assess their peers and classmates' writing abilities and comprehension skills. Consequently, the level of learners’ academic performance was very satisfactory. Likewise, no significant differences in the level of teachers’ motivational strategies in the first and second areas when grouped according to age, civil status, teaching experience, and highest educational attainment. Additionally, no significant difference showed when teachers were grouped according to average monthly income in the first and third areas. It can conclude that most teachers are proceeding directly to lesson discussion and skipping the introduction to maximize class hours. Also, teachers have different motivational strategy preferences in engaging their learners. Likewise, they have a different mindset in motivating the lesson. As such, different strategies will positively influence academic performance. It is recommended that teachers be regularly subjected to seminars and training in pedagogical and instructional methods and other classroom management skill training to improve teaching practices and to help improve students’ academic performance.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOGRAPHS OF POLICE OFFICERS BY MAIN TYPES OF OFFICIAL ACTIVITY IN THE NATIONAL POLICE OF UKRAINE

The National Police of Ukraine is in a state of reform and needs to significantly improve its work towards optimizing the system of psychological training of employees and psychological support of their service activities. The presented article is devoted to the results of comparative analysis of psychographs of police professions (operative criminal investigation, pre-trial investigation body, district police officer, patrol police officer, security police officer), developed in the process of large-scale experimental research. Psychograms were created on the basis of a systematic approach based on the use of an optimal set of psychodiagnostic techniques, which made it possible to study the basic individual and personal characteristics of employees of the National Police of Ukraine. It is emphasized that psychological features determine the level of professional suitability of employees for activities according to the criteria of general abilities (verbal and nonverbal intelligence, creativity), personal characteristics (personal characteristics, leading personal tendencies, personal accentuations of character, temperamental features, types of interpersonal relationships) and motivational orientation (features of motivational orientation, self-actualization). The article presents common features that are common to all types of policing, as well as the main differences in the basic criteria and indicators of professional suitability of the individual to work, draws conclusions on improving the psychological selection of police officers and their appointment. It is argued that policing is characterized by a number of invariant features, which are due not only to the specifics of the professional activity, but also their variability depending on the specific type of service. The presented results of the comparative analysis of psychograms of police officers by main types of activity prove the differences in the studied criteria and indicators of professional suitability of the police officer's personality to official activity. This will be useful in the appointment of persons to positions and thus help to increase the effectiveness of the forecast of further success of the police.

An Eclectic Model of Motivational Interviewing with Islamic Ontological Orientation and Motivation of Change in Domestic Violence

Aim: The aim of this paper was to offer an eclectic model of motivational interviewing with Islamic ontological orientation in motivation of change in domestic violence. Methods: This research was qualitative and was carried out using Hermeneutics and content analysis. The sources for analysis were the collection of books and articles representing model of motivational interviewing and collection of verses of the holy Quran, Allame Tabatabaie and Javad Amollie including Tabatabaie Alimizan Tafsir and written works of Motahhary and Javad Amollie published until 2020. Analysis sample were subjects and words related to basics and principles of motivation (orientation, desire, and wish), motivation for change, and violence that was extracted using theoretical sampling. Findings: Research results in qualitative section were based on principles, process, content and techniques of motivational interviewing in motivation to change related to domestic violence and principles of ontological orientation about motivation in natural and innate dimensions. Conclusion: Based on the results, eclectic model of motivational interviewing with Islamic ontological orientation was offered in four sections including principles, processes, content and techniques.

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY.

Due to the pace of development and increasing complexity of production technologies, as well as with the increasing stress on the human psyche, the identification of personal characteristics plays an increasingly important role in the daily life of the country.
 As a result of long-term study of personality, the author created the theory of leading tеndencies as a theoretical approach in the psychology of individuality. Within the framework of this theory, the individual style of personality is manifested in the properties of temperament, continues in the character traits and creates a certain emotional and behavioral background of the formed socialized personality, that is, at the top level of its development.
 At different levels of development (temperament, character, personality), the structure of the personality is represented as a manifestation of polar correlated opposite emotional characteristics, interrelated with motivational orientation, style of interpersonal behavior and type of thinking. Complex structure opposed to polar properties of at all levels contains the primary style coloring, that is a leading individual trend, which remains the defining and control of which personal identity leads to harmony or abnormal personality .
 In practice, personal characteristics are reflected in the quantitative indicators of the psychodiagnostic multidimensional model, which is built on survey data several mutually reinforcing and complementary techniques as verbal and projective (nonverbal).
 In practice, the use of methods of psychological diagnostics allows you to identify a holistic portrait of the individual and allows you to use the methods of mathematical analysis, which greatly increases the reliability and validity of the methods used. Digital indicators of the psychological automated expert system, consisting of a set of specially selected computerized programms, reflect a multidimensional psychodiagnostic model of personality based on the theory of leading tendencies.

Emotional Suppression and Psychological Well-Being in Marriage: The Role of Regulatory Focus and Spousal Behavior.

Emotional suppression has been considered a critical factor in determining one’s mental health and psychological well-being in intimate relationships such as marriage. The present study aimed to delineate the nuanced association between emotional suppression and psychological well-being in marriage by considering two critical factors: (a) individual differences in motivational orientation and (b) the perceived level of a partner’s emotional suppression. A set of two online survey studies were conducted on a large sample of married participants. The participants were asked to indicate (a) their own level of emotional suppression, (b) the perceived level of their spouse’s emotional suppression, (c) relationship motivation, and (d) satisfaction with marital life. The results consistently indicated that for prevention-focused individuals being emotionally suppressive was associated with greater marital satisfaction, but only for those who perceived their spouses as also emotionally suppressive. Conversely, for promotion-focused individuals, being less emotionally suppressive was associated with greater marital satisfaction, but again, only for those who perceived their spouses as also being less emotionally suppressive. These findings provide insights into research on emotion regulation and self-regulatory strategies in influencing psychological well-being and mental health in an intimate relationship.

MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATIONS AND THE MOTIVATION OF PAKISTANI ESL LEARNERS: A REVIEW

The aim of this paper is to review the literature and exemplify the manifestation of integrative and instrumental motivational orientations in Pakistan’s ESL learners with reference to Gardner’s Socio-Educational model. It delineates issues that impede the motivational process and contextual elements with motivational factors that could provide new insights to help practitioners plus policy makers to determine and address contemporary concerns in the holistic learning of English. The study principally sheds light on the current state of motivation in Pakistani ESL students, projecting a need to revise the English language curricula to more inclusive ones at all academic tiers; construct collegial classrooms; modify the practiced didactic approaches and focus on development of contextually suitable contents as some of the initiatives that need to be taken into consideration for nurturing students’ and teachers’ motivation in alignment with the model. The present study majorly proposes the need to utilize the Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) for comprehensive analysis of students’ motivation and it provides an adapted simplified version of AMTB that can be used to examine Pakistani ESL students’ motivation, and further tested in other similar contexts.
 
 Key Words: ESL, instrumental, motivational orientations, integrative, language learning.
 
 Cite as: Jafri, U. A. (2022). Motivational orientations and the motivation of Pakistani ESL learners: A review. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 221-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp221-242

Incentive Preferences and Its Related Factors Among Primary Medical Staff in Anhui Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The shortage of primary medical staff is a major problem in the management of health human resources across many developing countries. By determining their preferences for various motivational and related factors, we examined the correlation between staff's motivation preference levels and staff turnover and turnover intention. This study aimed to further improve the incentive mechanism and to provide a reference for healthcare managers to formulate management strategies for the primary medical staff team.Methods: A self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data. The basic survey content included demographic characteristics. The absolute level questionnaire and relative level questionnaire on the factors affecting motivation preference were used as the main assessment scales. A total of 1,112 primary health workers in Anhui Province were investigated. T-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), exploratory factor analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to analyze the data.Results: The survey respondents (45.1%) reported being satisfied with their relationship with colleagues, and other social relationships (46.9%). The Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) value for the absolute preference degree for motivational factors was 0.951. Two factors (economic and non-economic factors), after using the maximum variance rotation axis method, explained 81.25% of the total variance. The regression analysis showed that primary medical staff members with low monthly income (B = −0.157) have a higher preference for non-economic factors; the higher the educational background (B = 0.133), the higher their preference for economic factors. In addition, with the increase in participants' age (B = −0.250), the preference for motivational factors gradually decreased.Conclusion: Both economic and non-economic factors play an important role in enhancing the enthusiasm of primary medical workers and improving their work attitude. Managers should use their influence to stabilize the primary medical staff.

Features of sports motivation of teenage judoists at the initial stage of training

The article presents the results of a study of the general motivational orientation of adolescent students engaged in the judo section at the initial stage of training. It is established that students of sports sections of sports and educational institutions have different indicators in the structure of motivational orientation, which confirms the actualization of the development of scientific and methodological base in this direction; familiarization of students with the history of sports, the achievements of athletes, as well as the use of techniques and methods of training, on which the formation of a positive relationship between athletes and the coach depends.

Self-regulated learning strategies and academic performance of accounting students at a South African university

Orientation: Knowledge of a subject and cognitive strategies are usually not enough to increase students’ academic performance; students need also to be motivated to use learning strategies and deal with test and examination anxiety to be successful, especially in their first year of study. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to measure first-year accounting students’ motivational aspects and learning strategies versus academic performance at a South African university. Research questions: Three research questions were used to determine if students were motivated and applied learning strategies to perform in the accounting course: 1) What motivational variables and learning strategies are related to academic performance measuring students’ final Accounting marks, controlling for admission requirements, gender, race, and degree choice? 2) Are prior knowledge demographic and degree choice related to motivational variables and learning strategies? 3) Are motivational variables related to learning strategy variables for Accounting students regarding their Degree choice? Method: A full scale “Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire” (MSLQ) was used to assess accounting students’ (N=617) motivational orientations and their use of different learning strategies for an accounting course. Multiple regression analysis was applied to explore the relationship among the different variables. Findings: The findings of this study are relevant to learning in predicting academic performance of first-year accounting students and relationships between self-regulated learning and students’ degree choice, gender, race, academic performance and admission requirements. Limitation and further recommendation: This study was only deployed to accounting students at one South African university. A further recommendation would be to collaborate with other disciplines and universities to determine if motivational and learning strategies differ from those of accounting students at a South African university. Value of the study and practical implications: The value of the study provides insights and evidence on motivational beliefs and learning strategies of students in accounting studies and how students can improve their academic performance.

Motivational orientation and its relationship to academic achievement among students of the Department of History at the University of Diyala

Motivational orientation and its relationship to academic achievement among students of the Department of History at the University of Diyala

Theory and Practice of Psychology of Individuality

Due to the pace of development and increasing complexity of production technologies, as well as with the increasing stress on the human psyche, the identification of personal characteristics plays an increasingly important role in the daily life of the country. As a result of long-term study of personality, the author created the theory of leading tеndencies as a theoretical approach in the psychology of individuality. Within the framework of this theory, the individual style of personality is manifested in the properties of temperament, continues in the character traits and creates a certain emotional and behavioral background of the formed socialized personality, that is, at the top level of its development. At the different levels of development (temperament, character, the personality) the structure of the personality is represented as manifestation polarity of the correlated opposite emotional characteristics interconnected with motivational orientation, style of interpersonal behavior and type of thinking. The becoming complicated structure of the opposed polar properties at all these levels contains the main style (individual) coloring that is the leading individual and personal tendency, which remains defining without watching the control of consciousness increasing to the highest level. In practice, personal characteristics are reflected in the quantitative indicators of the psychodiagnostic multidimensional model, which is built on survey data several mutually reinforcing and complementary techniques as verbal and projective (nonverbal). Methods of psychological diagnostics allows you to identify a holistic portrait of the individual and allows you to use the methods of mathematical analysis, which greatly increases the reliability and validity of the methods used. Digital indicators of the psychological automated expert system, consisting of a set of specially selected computerized programms, reflect a multidimensional psychodiagnostic model of personality based on the theory of leading tendencies.

Self-regulated learning strategies and academic performance of accounting students at a South African university

Orientation: Knowledge of a subject and cognitive strategies are usually not enough to increase students’ academic performance; students need also to be motivated to use learning strategies and deal with test and examination anxiety to be successful, especially in their first year of study. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to measure first-year accounting students’ motivational aspects and learning strategies versus academic performance at a South African university. Research questions: Three research questions were used to determine if students were motivated and applied learning strategies to perform in the accounting course: 1) What motivational variables and learning strategies are related to academic performance measuring students’ final Accounting marks, controlling for admission requirements, gender, race, and degree choice? 2) Are prior knowledge demographic and degree choice related to motivational variables and learning strategies? 3) Are motivational variables related to learning strategy variables for Accounting students regarding their Degree choice? Method: A full scale “Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire” (MSLQ) was used to assess accounting students’ (N=617) motivational orientations and their use of different learning strategies for an accounting course. Multiple regression analysis was applied to explore the relationship among the different variables. Findings: The findings of this study are relevant to learning in predicting academic performance of first-year accounting students and relationships between self-regulated learning and students’ degree choice, gender, race, academic performance and admission requirements. Limitation and further recommendation: This study was only deployed to accounting students at one South African university. A further recommendation would be to collaborate with other disciplines and universities to determine if motivational and learning strategies differ from those of accounting students at a South African university. Value of the study and practical implications: The value of the study provides insights and evidence on motivational beliefs and learning strategies of students in accounting studies and how students can improve their academic performance.

EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM OF MOTIVATION AND STIMULATION OF WORK OF THE STAFF OF A COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION

The work substantiates the need to evaluate and analyze the system of motivation and stimulation of the work of the personnel of a commercial organization. The author’s classification of remuneration systems according to the level of the motivational component and the classification of incentive payments depending on the motivational orientation are proposed. Achieving the goals of the organization is impossible without ensuring the effective actions of personnel. For this, it is necessary not only to ensure the functional loading of employees and create the necessary conditions for them, but also to arouse in them the desire to energetically carry out exactly those actions that bring the organization closer to achieving its goals. In this regard, management must perform a very important function - creating conditions for motivating employees and implementing it in practice. A feature of modern personnel management is the growing role of the employee’s personality, the ratio of motives and needs, on which the motivation system can be based, changes accordingly. Today, both financial and non-financial reward methods are used to motivate employees. Meanwhile, neither the theory of management nor the practice of personnel management provides certainty regarding the relationship between individual aspects of employee motivation and the most effective methods of managing them. It should be noted that in most scientific works devoted to motivation, the main attention is paid to researching the problems of the structure and dynamics of work motivation. Meanwhile, studies devoted to the practical development of oriented models of labor motivation for the personnel of commercial organizations in the conditions of the “new economy” are clearly insufficient. Thus, the development of recommendations for evaluation and improvement of the system of motivation and stimulation of the work of the organization’s personnel acquires special significance.

Profession-Oriented Training of Cadets of Educational Organizations of the Russian Federation Ministry of the Interior Based on Methods of Individualization and Variable Monitoring

Professionally oriented training as a factor of adaptation of students to the upcoming professional activity as a specialist in the internal affairs units, in the process of training in the educational organization of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia is the most important basis for the reliability of a future specialist and significantly affects the further effectiveness of his activities aimed at protecting the legitimate rights and freedoms of citizens. The organization of this process requires professional pedagogical and creative-methodical skills from the teaching staff to achieve the most effective result. In this direction, one of the important aspects is the process of individualization and differentiation of training. It provides the opportunity to influence the consciousness of cadets and trainees in the field of motivational orientation for training, with a proper level of timely and objective control of each stage of the process of individualization of training.

Мотивация специалиста силовых структур как основная компонента профессионально-личностной надежности в сложных ситуациях

<p>The article discusses the motivational aspects of professional and personal reliability of a specialist of law enforcement agencies. The peculiarities of the dynamics of his professional motivation in difficult situations are revealed. The ways of maintaining it at the level necessary for the performance of professional tasks are highlighted. The problem of controlling and increasing the motivation of a specialist as a professional is investigated, which makes it possible to effectively provide psychological support for a professionally significant motivational orientation. Theoretical analysis and experimental approbation of the problem solution are presented. The sub-components of the motivational factor in the course of a number of studies are justified: dispositional motivation; situational motivation; stable Self-image in the context of fulfilling professional duty; reflexivity of motives. The features of the resulting motivation dynamics are investigated, it is experimentally established that the dynamics of a specialist’s motivation in various professional situations has its own patterns and is implemented in they are divided into the main four stages. In situations of practical activity, the motivational factor of professional and personal reliability, according to the authors, is constantly present at the background level. The main motivating component for actions to perform professional tasks directly in a situation is the presence of a rationalized professional dispositional motivation; awareness by a specialist of the professional and personal consequences of his actions; the ability to reflect, self-determination, that is, to arbitrarily activate internal situational motivation.</p>

Motivation and Attitude Towards English among Medical Technology Laboratory Students Universitas Perintis Indonesia

This study aims to determine the motivational orientation and English language attitudes of medical laboratory technology study program students towards learning English. A total of 91 students, in semester 2 of the 2021/2022 academic year, were surveyed using the AMTB (Attitude, Motivation Test Battery), and a questionnaire adapted from Gardner (1985) to determine motivation and language attitudes. Methods: Data were collected by giving a questionnaire measuring motivation and attitudes towards English of students of Medical Laboratory Technology level 1 (one) semester 2, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Perintis Indonesia. Data were analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. Results: Based on research findings, The students studying in the Medical Laboratory Technology Study Program have shown good motivation. From the four aspects in the analysis, it can be seen that students have good motivation. In the integrative aspect, most students already have a good attitude towards learning English. The instrumental aspect thus shows quite positive results. Associated with attitudes towards lecturers who teach is also positive. So it can be concluded that students already have a good attitude and motivation in learning English, but still need development to achieve optimal learning results.

Teachers' social goals and classroom engagement: The mediating role of teachers' self-efficacy

In response to limited research exploring teachers’ motivational orientations underlying their efforts to develop meaningful relationships with students, the present longitudinal study with Canadian practicing teachers (N = 497) investigated the effects of teachers’ social goals on perceived classroom engagement as mediated by their selfefficacy beliefs across six months. Cross-lagged analyses showed teachers’ social goals at Time 1 to predict their self-efficacy (for student engagement) and their students’ classroom engagement (emotional) at Time 2. The longitudinal structural equation model showed teachers’ self-efficacy for engaging students to most strongly mediate the effects of their social goals on students’ classroom engagement. Implications for teacher training and professional development are discussed.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ СПОРТИВНОЙ МОТИВАЦИИ ПОДРОСТКОВ: ЛИЧНОСТНЫЙ И ГРУППОВОЙ АСПЕКТЫ

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of such group characteristics as the duration of the existence of a sports group (the initial stage of preparation), as well as its composition (different contingent of students) on the sports motivation of adolescents. The results of the study revealed the presence of a positive psychological atmosphere in the training groups. Athletes involved in training groups with a predominantly permanent composition of students and having a different contingent of respondents are included in the extra-sports (extra-academic) activities of the section to varying degrees. In the structure of sports motivation of respondents in training groups with a predominantly permanent composition of students, “achievement motivation” prevails; in the structure of sports motivation of athletes of training groups with different contingents, “external motivation” prevails. It has been established that students of sports sections of sports and educational institutions have different indicators in the structure of the motivational orientation, which confirms the actualization of the development of the scientific and methodological base in this direction; familiarization of students with the history of sports, the achievements of athletes, as well as the use of techniques and teaching methods, on which the formation of a positive relationship between athletes and the coach depends.

Basic Beliefs and Motivational Preferences of People with Severe Somatic Disease: Current and Retrospective Assessment

Basic Beliefs and Motivational Preferences of People with Severe Somatic Disease: Current and Retrospective Assessment