The urgency of research is caused by the problem of quality and success of the residents’ professional training, the important factor of which is a complex of motives inclining and directing towards activities.The aim of the study is to identify a set of incentives for successful professionalization during the adaptation of residents to a new educational environment (in the first two months) based on the implementation of interdisciplinary approaches.The principal methods for studying this problem were social survey and psychodiagnostic testing, statistical processing of the research quantitative results. 369 residents took part in the experiment.The results of the research showed that the principal motives for successful professional adaptation of residents were an informed choice of the place for further education; choice of speciality, where there were favorable conditions at the clinical sites and effective tutors with practical and educational experience; choice of the department, where its head was involved in residents’ training, and the curators were involved in the practical healthcare.The authors presented a model of the residents’ motivation place in the value components of the public health system on the whole, taking into account interaction of medical organizations and medical higher educational establishments.The significance of research lies in the fact that the obtained results contribute to the enhancement of medical education. The research materials can be of help for the tutors, higher-education teaching personnel, the administration of medical universities.