Motivation For Research Research Articles

Study Effect of the Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Radish and Ginger on the Gram Negative Bacteria that Cause Urinary Tract Infection in Balad City

This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of radish and ginger on bacterial species isolated from urinary tract and auditory system infections. Prior research has shown the potential of natural plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics. In this study, extracts were tested at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml for each extract against six different bacterial species. Results demonstrated that the hot alcoholic extract was more efficient than the hot water extracts of the two plants, with 100 mg/ml concentration having the highest inhibition ability. In addition, the inhibitory effect increased with increasing extract concentration. The hot alcoholic extracts of both ginger and radish were found to have higher inhibitory effects against the bacterial species, with the hot alcoholic ginger extract being more effective than the radish water extract. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of the hot alcoholic and water extracts of radish and ginger were tested against all of the identified bacterial species. Finally, sensitivity testing demonstrated that the isolated bacteria showed differences in their sensitivity and resistance to different antibiotics. Overall, this study highlights the potential of natural plant extracts as a source of new antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections. Existing research has shown the potential of natural plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections, including UTIs. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the inhibitory effect of specific plant extracts, such as radish and ginger, on bacterial species isolated from UTIs and auditory system infections. This study aims to address this research gap by investigating the inhibitory effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of radish and ginger on six different bacterial species. The importance of this research gap lies in the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the need for alternative treatments. The research motivation is to explore the potential of natural plant extracts as a source of new antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections.

Implementasi Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Tahfidz Al-Quran Berbasis Adab

The management of the Imam Syafi'i Qur'an Islamic Boarding School continues to strive and contribute to improving education, especially in the field of tahfidz Al-Qur'an and adab, with the aim of increasing the level of instruction. To achieve research objectives, namely planning, organizing, motivation, control, and assessment. In order to realize the quality of the Al-Qur'an tahfidz program which means having good morals and a broad scientific outlook, good program implementation is very much needed in Islamic boarding schools. Descriptive qualitative method used in this study. Data collection techniques include observation, documentation, and interviews as well as replication studies. In this regard, the researcher intends to conduct a more in-depth study of school-based management at the Imam Syafi'I Alor Qur'an Islamic Boarding School, NTT, with the aim of conducting studies and improving standards. Instructions from the community and the government, in this case the Ministry of Religion of the Province of NTT, continues to plan the management of the Imam Syafi'i Qur'an Islamic Boarding School starting with cooperation in infrastructure development, security, order and discipline, as well as the recruitment of teachers to cadres of teaching staff who will oversee the school.

The organization of students’ project activities while teaching English at school

This paper discusses the problem of educational research and project activities organization while teaching English at school. Despite numerous works and the popularization of this type of activity, for a modern English teacher there are a number of difficulties both at the level of organization and at the level of implementation of project activities in the subject. An important factor determining the success of educational research activities is the research and educational motivation of students as well as teachers. To determine the difficulties faced by a teacher or a head of the educational unit in charge of this issue, the authors of the paper created and conducted a survey of two pedagogical teams. The survey results were analyzed. The authors propose an algorithm for organizing and implementing project activities at school. The authors conclude that a teacher and a student should have a clear idea of what the project is, what they need to do and what encouragement awaits them if the project product meets all quality criteria. The paper can be of interest to beginner teachers, heads of methodological associations, deputy directors who oversee educational research and project activities in subjects.

Intrapersonal communication about the meaning of early marriage in Bandung City

Background: Early marriage is a prevalent practice in Cigondewah Rahayu Village, Bandung City. From a psychological and social perspective, early marriage can lead to emotional immaturity and underdeveloped cognitive abilities among young brides. The persistence of traditional customs surrounding early marriage in the area serves as a compelling motivation for researchers to investigate this phenomenon. Purpose: This study aims to explore the community’s interpretation of early marriage from the perspective of intrapersonal communication. Additionally, it seeks to understand the experiences of individuals who have participated in early marriages in Cigondewah Rahayu Village, Bandung City. Methods: This research employs a qualitative approach, drawing on Alfred Schutz’s phenomenological studies and the theory of Symbolic interactionism. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis involved techniques such as data reduction, presentation, and verification. Results: The findings indicate that, within the context of intrapersonal communication, early marriage is commonly perceived as a normal practice within the local community, deeply rooted in historical traditions. Participants view early marriage as a ritual that holds religious significance. Moreover, they believe that it facilitates the development of a mature mindset, fostering independence and generating positive impacts in various aspects of their lives, particularly within their social interactions. Implications: Based on the study’s findings, it is important to raise public awareness regarding the potential risks associated with early marriage. Given the unstable mental condition of young individuals, engaging in early marriage can give rise to challenges within the household, as their psychological development is not yet fully equipped to handle the responsibilities and complexities of married life.

UN-YOLOv5s: A UAV-Based Aerial Photography Detection Algorithm.

With the progress of science and technology, artificial intelligence is widely used in various disciplines and has produced amazing results. The research of the target detection algorithm has significantly improved the performance and role of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and plays an irreplaceable role in preventing forest fires, evacuating crowded people, surveying and rescuing explorers. At this stage, the target detection algorithm deployed in UAVs has been applied to production and life, but making the detection accuracy higher and better adaptability is still the motivation for researchers to continue to study. In aerial images, due to the high shooting height, small size, low resolution and few features, it is difficult to be detected by conventional target detection algorithms. In this paper, the UN-YOLOv5s algorithm can solve the difficult problem of small target detection excellently. The more accurate small target detection (MASD) mechanism is used to greatly improve the detection accuracy of small and medium targets, The multi-scale feature fusion (MCF) path is combined to fuse the semantic information and location information of the image to improve the expression ability of the novel model. The new convolution SimAM residual (CSR) module is introduced to make the network more stable and focused. On the VisDrone dataset, the mean average precision (mAP) of UAV necessity you only look once v5s(UN-YOLOv5s) is 8.4% higher than that of the original algorithm. Compared with the same version, YOLOv5l, the mAP is increased by 2.2%, and the Giga Floating-point Operations Per Second (GFLOPs) is reduced by 65.3%. Compared with the same series of YOLOv3, the mAP is increased by 1.8%, and GFLOPs is reduced by 75.8%. Compared with the same series of YOLOv8s, the detection accuracy of the mAP is improved by 1.1%.

Reconnaissance Techniques and Industrial Control System Tactics Knowledge Graph

In the initial stages of industrial control system (ICS) penetration testing, pentesters conduct reconnaissance by using various tools including Nmap, Shodan, Maltego, Google, Google Hacking Database (GHDB), Recon-ng and more. Testers use various reconnaissance techniques (RTs) within the tools to directly access ICS devices. Many novice ICS-pentesters stop their reconnaissance work upon successfully accessing an ICS device. However, continuing to conduct reconnaissance after initial access can lead to pentesters finding even more information to find more ICS devices, ICS networks, and ways to make ICS exploitation more effective. Our research motivation stems from finding ways to explicitly model the continuation of using RTs once an ICS device is accessed. Knowledge graphs offer an approach for linking RTs together and creating chains of RTs.
 
 MITRE ATT&CK ICS provides a matrix of ICS adversarial behaviours. The matrix consists of main exploit tactics and techniques used to accomplish these tactics. Example techniques include ICS alarm suppression, blocking command messages, starting a device, and stopping services. ATT&CK ICS also provides ICS data sources that defenders use to detect the adversarial techniques. Application logs, files, logon sessions, network traffic, and operational databases represent some of the ICS data sources. We reasoned that if adversaries could find the ICS data sources and discover the ability to modify the data sources, then adversaries could cover their tracks to successfully carry out ICS tactics. For example, ICS attackers could modify log entries to hide the attacker’s steps or ICS attackers could delete alarm notifications that showed that ICS attackers changed ICS settings.
 
 In this work in progress research, we used knowledge-graph modelling techniques to link together RTs with ICS data sources, the ability to modify the data sources, the ability to then cover tracks of ICS techniques, and the impact of techniques on accomplishing ICS tactics. We named the graph RT-ICS Graph. With knowledge graph queries and shortest-path algorithms run over the RT-ICS graph, we showed how RTs can explicitly lead to impacts on adversaries carrying out ICS tactics. The accomplishment of ICS tactics can cause severe damage or harm.

Nursing, midwifery, and allied health professions research capacities and cultures: a survey of staff within a university and acute healthcare organisation

BackgroundThere is an increasing focus on the development of research capacity and culture in Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions (NMAHP). However, better understanding of the existing research success and skills, motivators, barriers, and development needs of NMAHP professionals is required to inform this development. This study sought to identify such factors within a university and an acute healthcare organisation.MethodsAn online survey, incorporating the Research Capacity and Culture tool, was administered to NMAHP professionals and students at a university and an acute healthcare organisation in the United Kingdom. Ratings of success/skill levels of teams and individuals were compared between professional groups using Mann–Whitney U tests. Motivators, barriers, and development needs were reported using descriptive statistics. Descriptive thematic analysis was used for open-ended text responses.ResultsA total of 416 responses were received (N&M n = 223, AHP n = 133, Other n = 60). N&M respondents were more positive than their AHP counterparts about the success/skill levels of their teams. There were no significant differences between N&M and AHP in their ratings of individual successes/skills. Finding and critically reviewing relevant literature were identified as specific individual strengths; with weaknesses in securing research funding, submitting ethics applications, writing for publication, and advising less experienced researchers. The main motivators for research were to develop skills, increased job satisfaction, and career advancement; whilst barriers included lack of time for research and other work roles taking priority. Key support needs identified included mentorship (for teams and individuals) and in-service training. Open-ended questions generated main themes of ‘Employment & staffing’, ‘Professional services support’, ‘Clinical & academic management’, ‘Training & development’, ‘Partnerships’ and ‘Operating principles’. Two cross-cutting themes described issues common to multiple main themes: ‘Adequate working time for research’ and ‘Participating in research as an individual learning journey’.ConclusionsRich information was generated to inform the development of strategies to enhance research capacity and culture in NMAHP. Much of this can be generic but some nuances may be required to address some specific differences between professional groups, particularly related to perceived team success/skills and priorities identified for support and development.

Forms of expression of linguistic time in Arabic

The study of linguistic time is a problematic subject that represents the focus of many fields of knowledge, which differ in terms of method, processing mechanisms and subjects of study. The importance of this subject is due to the characteristic epistemology. This multiplicity of investigations was accompanied by a diversity of types of time, which attach philosophical time, and social time and psychological time, which are types which go back to natural logical time. We find the linguistic time, which represents a container that summarizes the human experience in its various dimensions. If tense types are present by force, then their real existence is entrusted to linguistic tense as a grammatical syntactic category. This category poses problems that were a motivation for research, and partly related to the concept and forms of expression in the language In another part I related the relationship that exists between it and other forms of time .

The English Learning Motivation of Chinese Secondary School Students: Cross-grade Survey Analysis

Existing literature indicates that motivation is the most powerful determining factor that influences the rate and success of second language learning (Jiang, 2016; Kramsch & Yin, 2018; Li & Edwards, 2017; Liu et al., 2016; Liu, 2016; You & Dörnyei, 2016; Zhi & Wang, 2019). Currently, there is a growing body of empirical research indicating the changes in second language learning motivation at different school levels at the same or different schools (Chambers, 1999; Kim, 2011, 2012a, b; Lamb, 2007; Williams et al., 2002). The findings of previous studies have mostly shown that student second language learning motivation increases with increasing school levels. Do¨rnyei (2000) suggested that concentrating on the time dimension of second language motivation is crucial for comprehending the second language motivation of students. However, the temporal variations of second language motivation, particularly motivational changes at different Chinese secondary school levels, have not been emphasized by second language motivation researchers, therefore, this quantitative research investigated the changes in Chinese secondary school students’ English learning motivation from junior high to high school. An English learning motivation questionnaire was used and administered to 3000 students from Grades 7 to 12 in public secondary schools across Mainland China, and employed the reliability analysis and analysis of variance to analyze quantitative data. The statistical results revealed that Chinese high school students ranked highest in English learning motivation, followed by junior high school students. Furthermore, the college entrance examination had a positive impact on high school students' motivation to learn English.

HIGHLY RECONFIGURABLE SOFT-CPU BASED PERIPHERAL MODULES DESIGN

Research motivation. When developing microcontrollers, manufacturers try to include as many different types of peripherals as possible in order to increase the marketing attractiveness of their products. On the one hand, with a large assortment of various peripheral modules, it is very difficult to implement several devices of the same type in the microcontroller: manufacturers are mainly limited to 1-2 instances, in rare cases 4 modules of the same type are included. On the other hand, most software projects do not use all the peripherals of modern microcontrollers and many devices are left unused, while there may be a shortage of other types of modules. Another problem that has become especially noticeable for microcontrollers used in the field of IoT is the cryptographic protection of data that is transmitted through built-in information exchange interfaces. The main efforts of researchers and developers of cryptographic data protection methods were aimed at reducing energy-intensive operations, memory access iterations and speeding up encryption processes while maintaining a high level of cryptographic protection and enabling efficient data distribution within IoT devices networks. Research results. This paper presents an alternative approach to the manufacture of peripheral modules as part of microcontrollers. The authors propose to use a configurable software processor module based on the MIPS architecture with a reduced instruction set and limited capabilities. Conclusions. This approach would make it possible to dynamically change the functionality of peripheral modules in accordance with the requirements of the developed software solution, which in turn will increase the efficiency of the microcontroller chips capabilities utilization. In addition, the transfer of data stream encryption functions to the reconfigurable core of the peripheral module will provide fast and transparent cryptographic protection, as well as allow offloading the microcontroller core and increasing the energy efficiency of chips while reducing their production cost.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of calculating degree of comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome with migraine

BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and migraines are often comorbid each other. These disorders are likely to be bidirectionally linked through the gut-brain axis and share several underlying mechanisms including central nervous system sensitization. However, quantitative analysis of comorbidity was not reported enough. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to calculate the present degree of comorbidity of these two disorders.MethodsA literature search was performed searching for articles describing IBS or migraine patients with the same inverse comorbidity. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were then extracted. The total effect estimates were determined and presented by random effect forest plots for the group of articles with IBS patients with migraine and the group of articles on migraine sufferers with comorbid IBS separately. The average results of these plots were compared.ResultsThe literature search resulted in initial 358 articles and final 22 articles for the meta-analysis. The total OR values obtained were 2.09 [1.79 – 2.43] in IBS with comorbid migraine or headache, 2.51 [1.76 – 3.58] for migraineurs with comorbid IBS and an overall HR of 1 .62 [1.29 – 2.03] was found for cohort studies of migraine sufferers with comorbid IBS. A similar expression of a selection of other comorbidities was found in IBS and migraine patients, especially for depression and fibromyalgia a strong similarity was found in their expression rate.ConclusionsThis systematic review with meta-analysis was the first to combine data on IBS patients with comorbid migraine and migraineurs with comorbid IBS. The fact that closely related existential rates were observed between these two groups should be used as motivation for future research to further investigate these disorders for why this similarity occurs. Mechanisms involved in central hypersensitivity such as genetic risk factors, mitochondrial dysfunction and microbiota are particularly good candidates. Experimental designs in which therapeutic methods for these conditions can be exchanged or combined may also lead to the discovery of more efficient treatment methods.

Backsourcing of IT with focus on software development—A systematic literature review

Context:Backsourcing is the process of insourcing previously outsourced activities. Backsourcing can be a viable alternative when companies experience environmental or strategic changes, or challenges with outsourcing. While outsourcing and related processes have been extensively studied, few studies report experiences with backsourcing. Objectives:We summarize the results of the research literature on backsourcing of IT, with a focus on software development. By identifying practically relevant experience, we present findings that may help companies considering backsourcing. In addition, we identify gaps in the current research literature and point out areas for future work. Method:Our systematic literature review (SLR) started with a search for empirical studies on the backsourcing of IT. From each study, we identified the context in which backsourcing occurred, the factors leading to the decision, the backsourcing process, and the outcomes of backsourcing. We employed inductive coding to extract textual data from the papers and qualitative cross-case analysis to synthesize the evidence. Results:We identified 17 papers that reported 26 cases of backsourcing, six of which were related to software development. The cases came from a variety of contexts. The most common reasons for backsourcing were improving quality, reducing costs, and regaining control of outsourced activities. We model the backsourcing process as containing five sub-processes: change management, vendor relationship management, competence building, organizational build-up, and transfer of ownership. We identified 14 positive outcomes and nine negative outcomes of backsourcing. We also aggregated the evidence and detailed three relationships of potential use to companies considering backsourcing. Finally, we have highlighted the knowledge areas of software engineering associated with the backsourcing of software development. Conclusion:The backsourcing of IT is a complex process; its implementation depends on the prior outsourcing relationship and other contextual factors. Our systematic literature review contributes to a better understanding of this process by identifying its components and their relationships based on the peer-reviewed literature. Our results can serve as a motivation and baseline for further research on backsourcing and provide guidelines and process fragments from which practitioners can benefit when they engage in backsourcing.

SERVANT HEARTS: VILLAGE CADRES’ PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION IN INDONESIA’S MENTAL HEALTH CARE

Background: Despite the growing interest in public service motivation (PSM) research, there is a lack of studies that specifically examine the PSM of individuals in nontraditional roles, such as village cadres, in the context of mental health care in low-resource settings. Aims: This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by exploring how PSM influences the actions and choices of village cadres in providing care for people with mental illness in Indonesia. Methods: An instrumental case study approach was employed to gather data through in-depth interviews with 14 village actors across five regencies in East Java Province, Indonesia. Results: The study’s findings reveal the crucial role of PSM in inspiring village cadres to provide mental health care by showcasing their sense of duty toward the community, program dedication, and compassion for patients, highlighting the correlation between PSM and callings that focuses on serving others. Conclusion: This study provides empirical insights into the intricate ways PSM influences the behavior of village cadres toward people with mental illness in Indonesia, offering valuable knowledge about the motivations of this particular group of public service providers and informing policy decisions and future research in the field of public administration. Keywords: callings, Indonesia, mental health care, public service motivation, village cadres

SERVANT HEARTS: VILLAGE CADRES’ PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION IN INDONESIA’S MENTAL HEALTH CARE

Background: Despite the growing interest in public service motivation (PSM) research, there is a lack of studies that specifically examine the PSM of individuals in nontraditional roles, such as village cadres, in the context of mental health care in low-resource settings. Aims: This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by exploring how PSM influences the actions and choices of village cadres in providing care for people with mental illness in Indonesia. Methods: An instrumental case study approach was employed to gather data through in-depth interviews with 14 village actors across five regencies in East Java Province, Indonesia. Results: The study’s findings reveal the crucial role of PSM in inspiring village cadres to provide mental health care by showcasing their sense of duty toward the community, program dedication, and compassion for patients, highlighting the correlation between PSM and callings that focuses on serving others. Conclusion: This study provides empirical insights into the intricate ways PSM influences the behavior of village cadres toward people with mental illness in Indonesia, offering valuable knowledge about the motivations of this particular group of public service providers and informing policy decisions and future research in the field of public administration. Keywords: callings, Indonesia, mental health care, public service motivation, village cadres

Animal Welfare Science: Why and for Whom?

There are, in the literature, distinct ways to approach animal welfare. The objective of this work was to study the value attributed to farm animals in the scientific papers published in animal welfare and animal production journals at three different points in time, separated by a decade each. The first ten papers mentioning "animal welfare" or "animal well-being" in their objectives or hypotheses from each journal and each focus year were selected. The 180 papers were blindly scored by five assessors between 1 and 10, according to the degree of intrinsic value attributed to animals. The overall mean score and standard deviation were 5.60 ± 2.49, with 6.46 ± 2.29 and 4.74 ± 2.40 for AW and AP journals, respectively, and 5.37 ± 2.44, 5.68 ± 2.52 and 5.75 ± 2.41 for the focus years of 2000, 2010 and 2020, respectively. There was an interaction between focus year and publication area: papers from AW journals scored better over time, in contrast with papers from AP journals, for which scores remained similar over decades. The inter-assessor agreement is moderate, which may reflect the subject complexity, as the language used in the papers studied was ambiguous in relation to why and for whom it is performed. The low overall mean score evidenced that the animal welfare scientific publications are, on average, not prioritizing the interests of the animals. Thus, our results evidenced the presence of animal welfarism in animal welfare science, a problem that seems not to be intrinsic to animal welfare science itself, but rather to the way research is frequently conceived, conducted, interpreted, summarized and applied. Therefore, it seems urgent to further study the motivation for animal welfare research. The statement of the main justification for animal welfare papers, with an explicit declaration of the motivational priorities that constitute each scientific animal welfare study, may be an interesting recommendation for the improvement of animal welfare science.

Racial Equity for Culturally Specific Organizations: An Assets-Based Evidentiary Assessment

Culturally specific organizations have been missing out on the racial equity and cultural responsiveness initiatives that have been prominent in nonprofits and government, both due to the absence of relevant assessment tools, as well as discourses within these initiatives which have overlooked the sector of culturally specific organizations and subsequently provided a competitive advantage to culturally responsive organizations. This paper reports on the development of a culturally specific organizational assessment, and the results of a four-site pilot study of the tool. The assessment tool is based on the results of a Delphi and Consumer Voice two-part study into the assets of culturally specific organizations and their valuation by clients. Developed with the input of four organizations serving a range of communities of color, we have confirmed that the Successful Families Tool achieves its objectives (centering primarily on creating actionable insights and quality improvement plans). Additional benefits emerged from the pilot’s participants: that an evidence-base for the organization’s assets is initiated, that organization-wide identity is strengthened, that staff have been energized by relevant equity dialogues and relationship deepening, and that motivation for research and evaluation that captures the fullness of the organization’s impacts be undertaken. A sampling of tool questions and standards is included, along with listing of its ten domains.

The impact of learning experience on motivation: A case study of Chinese ethnic minority EFL learners

Language motivation research has long been a research focus in the field of second language acquisition. In the past two decades, a large number of motivation studies has been conducted in different social and cultural contexts. Researchers contributed to the explorations of factors that affect learners’ foreign language motivation as well as the relationship between motivation and other aspects of foreign language learning. However, research on Chinese ethnic minority learners’ motivation to learn English is in paucity. Many of the ethnic minority students are proficient in their mother tongue (minority language) and Mandarin (national language), while they are also learning English as a foreign language. The social and cultural contexts to which they are exposed make their English learning complicated. To address the gap, the present study adopted a qualitative research approach in the form of a case study to explore the impact of learning experience on English learning motivation among three Chinese ethnic minority pre-university students. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with three participants. The findings from the qualitative data revealed that the English learning motivation of the participants was typically examination-directed and greatly influenced by teachers’ teaching style, peers’ attitudes toward English and the overall learning atmosphere in the class. The study provides implications for educational policy making and English instruction in China’s ethnic minority regions.

Study on sisal fibres as insulator in building materials: Review

Developing sustainable and environmental-friendly buildings is a common motivation for engineers and researchers towards a green, clean, and resilient world for all. The problem arising from excess waste disposal from non-biodegradable materials have recently raised concerns from governments, researchers and industrial sectors on the usage and disposal of these types of synthetic materials. One of the approaches ventured is the use of renewable materials that are biodegradable when they are no longer required. Such materials are commonly plant based. This is due to their renewability and abundance. However, it cannot be ignored that natural fibres derived from plants are susceptible to moisture, thermal, and microorganism degradation . Therefore, immense efforts are required to sufficiently study the performance of natural fibres as building materials before they can fully replace synthetic fibres. This study is motivated by the need to expand the knowledge on the use of natural fibres in the construction industry. Specifically, this study will focus on the effect of heat conductivity of gypsum panels reinforced with natural fibres. The developed material may contribute to the improvement of thermal insulation properties of building panels.

A genealogical and archaeological examination of the development of corporate governance and disciplinary power in English local government c.1970–2010

The paper seeks to enhance our understanding of the interaction between the development of disciplinary power in western liberal society and Foucault's writings on governmentality, through examination of the political processes resulting from the largest public scandal in the UK, the Poulson scandal of the early 1970s. The first research motive is to uncover any additional insights or hidden understandings that can be derived by applying Foucauldian historiographical and governmental perspectives as strengthened by Dean's (2010) analytics of government to the history of corporate governance in English local authorities over the forty years following Poulson. We argue that the continual process of intervention, investigation and prescription by central government set in motion by the scandal resulted in an increase in disciplinary power within local government by changing the expectations of council officials, elected representatives and politicians in Westminster through the normalisation of these intrusions and the spirit of dependency and compliance which resulted. Secondly, the paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of the analytics approach in a complex situation involving many genealogical disruptions to the status quo over a long time-period; and whilst the paper found the method helpful, limitations emerged regarding its claims to empirical certainty through precise questioning. Finally, the paper examines the significance of countering corruption as a motivating factor in the rise of disciplinary power in English local government, which it finds as limited.

Unpacking the Relationship between Fear Motives and Self-Control Strategies among Managers: The Mediating Role of Intrusive Thoughts.

In motive research, only a handful of studies have appeared on the correlates and antecedents of fear motives. In this research, we contribute to both research and practice by investigating the relationships between fear motives, intrusive thoughts, self-control strategies, and positive affect. We propose that fear motives, similar to trait anxiety, are positively associated with intrusive thoughts and that intrusive thoughts, in return, are negatively related to the frequency with which individuals employ self-control strategies. Finally, we propose that the frequency of self-control strategies is positively associated with positive affect. To test these, two field studies with managers (Study 1: N = 100 and Study 2: N = 80) were conducted. Bayesian mediation analyses showed that in both Study 1 and Study 2, fear motives were positively associated with intrusive thoughts, and intrusive thoughts were negatively related to self-control strategies. Additionally, in line with predictions, intrusive thoughts mediated the fear motives-self-control strategies relation. Finally, in Study 2, we found self-regulation strategies to be significantly and positively associated with positive affect. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.