Level Of Mother Research Articles

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Vitamin A dengan Pemberian Kapsul Vitamin A pada Balita

Vitamin A is one of the essential nutrients that are fat-soluble and stored in the liver, the body cannot make it, so it must be met from the outside (essential). Another most severe consequence of vitamin A deficiency (VAC) is night blindness, another form of xerophthalmias such as corneal damage and blindness. Vitamin A can increase the body's resistance to infectious diseases such as measles, diarrhea, and ARI and has a vital role in health eye. This study determined the relationship between a mother's level of knowledge about vitamin A and giving vitamin A to toddlers based on the data through the literature review method. They are using the literature review method. Journal searches use an academic database, namely Google Scholar, published in 2017-2020 using Indonesian and English. Cross-sectional study design. They obtained six research results according to the inclusion criteria. The research sample averaged 38-100 respondents. The results of the research analysis showed in six research journals that there was a relationship between the mother's level of knowledge about vitamin A and giving vitamin A capsules to toddlers with A mother's awareness of the importance of vitamin A in toddlers can be seen in the knowledge they have, one of the causes of the problem of vitamin A deficiency is the behavior or attitude of mothers who do not give vitamin A to their children. This is based on a lack of knowledge about the importance of vitamin A. P-value = 0.005. A mother's awareness of the importance of vitamin A in toddlers can be seen from the inside. One of the causes of vitamin A deficiency is the behavior or attitude of mothers who do not give vitamin A to their children. This is based on a lack of knowledge about the importance of vitamin A.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG GIZI SEIMBANG DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 2-5 TAHUN

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five due to chronic malnutrition with a z-score (TB/U) less than -2 SD (Standard Deviation). The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is still high, with value above 25%. Mother's knowledge about balanced nutrition is very important to reduce incidence of stunting in toddlers. The higher the mother's knowledge about balanced nutrition, the better the provision of nutrition or food substances to toddlers will be. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers about balanced nutrition with incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 2-5 years at the Puskesmas. This research is quantitative research with cross-sectional design. The research subjects were mother and child. The sample in this study amounted to 77 toddlers. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria in the study were respondents who were willing to participate in the study and be able to read and write. The instrument was questionnaire and height was measured using microtoise. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square test. The results showed that the mother's level of knowledge was mostly good (50,6%) and the highest incidence of stunting was not stunting (67,5%), the p-value of the bivariate analysis was 0,000 (<0,05). The conclusion in this study is there is significant relationship between the mother's level of knowledge about balanced nutrition and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 2-5 years at the Puskesmas.

Determinant Factors for High-Risk Pregnancy among Minangkabau Ethnicity in Indonesia

BACKGROUND: High-risk pregnancy cause multifactorial. The lack of investment in better and more accessible hospital care for women and newborns in Indonesia may be partly to blame for the country's disproportionately high rates of high-risk pregnancy, maternal, and perinatal death.
 AIM: The aim of this study was to determine determinant factors for high-risk pregnancy among minangkabau ethnicity in Indonesia.
 Method: The authors conducted a case control study. Data were gathered in Healthcare Facilities Padang, Indonesia from December 2019-December 2020. The number of subjects in this research were 64 cases group (women with high-risk pregnancy) and 128 control group (normal pregnancy) matching by sex and region. The sampling technique in this research was proportional random sampling. Data were gathered from medical records and primary data collection with survey data. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were investigated using Chi-square and Logistic binary regression test. The data were analyzed using STATA version 14.2.
 Result: There were associations between mother's educational level, women's empowerment, head of the family educational level, chronic diseases, history of childbirth, maternal age and parity with high-risk pregnancy. Multivariate analysis found that the highest Odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of high-risk pregnancy were history of childbirth (OR = 8.26, 95% CI 3.32-20.52), and mother's level of education (OR = 5.67, 95% CI 2.64-12.15).
 Conclusion: This analysis confirmed the history of childbirth and the mother’s level of education for high-risk pregnancy among Minangkabau ethnicity in Indonesia. The findings of risk factors for a high-risk pregnancy can be determined through early detection and useful predictors so that women can detect high-risk pregnancy themselves.

Relationship Between Mother's Level of Knowledge About Cervical Cancer in Performing Pap Smear Screening Tests in Kampung Rawa Panjang Bekasi in 2016

Cervical cancer is the second most found cancer in women in Indonesia, and every year, there are at least 40.000 cases of it. Cervical cancer can be detected early with a Pap smear test. This research aims to determine the association of a mother's knowledge regarding cervical cancer on performing Pap smear screening tests. The method used in this research is analytic cross-sectional with a total sample of 77 respondents. The result obtained is that most of the respondents, 51,9%, lack knowledge of cervical cancer, and 66,2% of them disagreed with the concept and objected to Pap smear. The statistical test with Chi-square done on SPSS shows the p-value = 0,03, proving that the association of the mother's knowledge regarding cervical cancer with the performing Pap smear screening test is significant.
 Keywords: Knowledge, Cervical Cancer, Pap Smear

Caries Experience and Its Relationship with Mother's Educational Level and Occupational Status: A Cross-sectional Survey.

AimMost studies have investigated established risk factors contributing to dental caries in children, however, with the growing incidence of caries in children more risk factors are being included in literature. Thus, this cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the relationship between mother's educational level and occupational status with the caries experience of the child.Materials and methodAbout 120 mother–child pairs participated in the study. Children below 12 years were screened for their dental caries status using DMFT index. The pairs were equally divided into three groups according to the mother's education and occupational status as: Group I–Mothers who did not receive any formal education, Group II–Educated mothers but unemployed, and Group III–Educated employed mothers. Mother's knowledge and attitude regarding the child's oral health was recorded analyzed using Chi-square test with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsIn the present study, the lower DMFT score has been significantly related to higher levels of education and occupation of the mother. It was also observed that the knowledge and attitude of the mother related to the child's oral health is directly proportional to the education and occupational status.ConclusionThe findings of our study suggest that mother's level of education increases the awareness of the child's oral health. Therefore, it is utmost important to educate a mother to help the child maintain his oral health and reduce the caries prevalence.Clinical significanceThe results of the present study conducted will help the clinician to keep in sight the relationship of mother's education and occupational level and its impact on their child's teeth, which will in turn help them for creating further dental awareness in the society.How to cite this articleNembhwani HV, Varkey I. Caries Experience and Its Relationship with Mother's Educational Level and Occupational Status: A Cross-sectional Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S226–S229.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU TERHADAP KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI PUSKESMAS SUNGAI DURIAN KABUPATEN SINTANG TAHUN 2021

Stunting is a toddler with nutritional status based on length or height according to age when compared to the WHO standard, the Z-score value is less than -2SD and is categorized as very short if the Z-score value is less than -3SD (Ministry of Health, 2020). The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and mother's attitude to the incidence of stunting in toddlers. Quantitative research method with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used is Simple Random Sampling with 124 respondents who have toddlers. The research instrument used a closed questionnaire. The results of the Chi Square test analysis showed that there was a relationship between the mother's level of knowledge on the incidence of stunting in toddlers with a value (P = 0.000 &lt;0.05) and an OR = 5.091, which means that mothers with less knowledge are at risk of having babies with stunting. The results of the Chi Square test analysis showed that there was a relationship between the mother's attitude towards the incidence of stunting in toddlers with a value (P = 0.001 &lt;0.05) and an OR value = 3.712, which means that mothers with unsupportive attitudes are at risk of having babies with stunting events. It is recommended that health workers, especially nutrition workers and midwives, should be able to increase mother's knowledge and positive attitudes about proper nutrition for toddlers so that stunting can be prevented from an early age.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG COVID-19 DENGAN KUNJUNGAN IMUNISASI PADA MASA PANDEMI

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic period is a worrying time, especially for mothers who have babies and toddlers. Meanwhile, immunization is very important for infants and toddlers to prevent various dangerous diseases. Based on a preliminary study conducted at the Kaligesing Health Center in Purworejo, immunization during the 2020 pandemic experienced a decrease in the achievement of the targeted number of targets, compared to the achievements and targets in 2019 before the pandemic.&#x0D; Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between mother's knowledge about covid-19 and immunization visits during the pandemic in the Kaligesing Health Center area&#x0D; Methods: This type of research is correlative with a cross sectional approach. Population 341 respondents, sample 77 respondents. Purposive sampling technique. Test data analysis using Chi-square test with computerized SPSS Version 26.00 program. The research instrument used a questionnaire.&#x0D; Results: From the results of research and test data analysis obtained the value of Asymp.Sig. (2-sided) (0.002) &lt; (0.05), meaning that there is a relationship between mother's knowledge about covid-19 and immunization visits during the pandemic&#x0D; Conclusion: There is a relationship between the mother's level of knowledge about covid-19 and immunization visits during the pandemic in the Kaligesing Health Center area.

Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu Dan Pola Asuh Demokratif Pada Anak Usia 4 Sampai 6 Tahun Di Tk Kuncup Harapan

AbstractParenting patterns will shape behavior in children. Democratic parenting will make children more independent, easy to make decisions, and more confident so that they will get success in the future. Parental education is one of the important things in life because education provides broader insight and influences good parenting for their children.This study aims to determine the correlation between mother's level of education and democratic parenting in children aged 4 to 6 years.This study used a cross-sectional method at the Kuncup Harapan Kindergarten. The subject of this research is the parents of students. The population of this study was all parents of students. 53 respondents in this study were selected using simple random sampling. The instrument in this study was a questionnaire.Results: The results of the analysis (Sig 0.017&lt;0.05) showed a correlation between the level of mother's education and democratic parenting in students aged 4 to 6 years in Kuncup Harapan Kindergarten..Keywords: education level, democratic parenting

Determinan kejadian stunting di Puskesmas Alue Bilie Kabupaten Nagan Raya

Background: Stunting is condition a child's nutritional status that is not ideal which can Stunting is state of nutritional status children who are not ideal that can inhibit growth and development. Stunting events are influenced by various factors, namely birth length, exclusive breastfeeding history, family income, maternal education, maternal height nutrition knowledge, parity and parenting.Objective: Purpose this study is find the determinant stunting events in Alue Bilie Health Center of Nagan Raya Regency of Aceh Province.Method: The research design used is an observational comparative study with a case control approach. The population of this research is all mothers who have toddlers in Kuta Trieng Village. The number of samples is that all mothers have stunting toddlers as many as 42 people and toddlers who do not suffer from stunting as many as 42 people. Data was collected by interview using a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of TB and age. Height using microtoise. Stunting was processed based on PMK no 2 of 2020. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and Multiple Logistics Regression at a significance level of 95%.Results: Based on the results of the study found that there a relationship of exclusive breast milk history with stunting (ρ= 0.000), there a relationship of maternal nutritional knowledge with stunting (ρ= 0.000), there a income relationship with stunting (ρ= 0.024), there a relationship of maternal education with stunting (ρ= 0.034), exist parity relationship with stunting (ρ= 0.000), there a relationship of maternal height with stunting (ρ= 0.000) and there a parenting relationship with stunting (ρ= 0.003). Determinant factors that most affected stunting incidence were maternal height with an OR score of 24.8Conclusion: Factors that have a relationship with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the work area of the Alue Bilie Health Center, Nagan Raya Regency, Aceh Province, namely the mother's education level, parity, exclusive breastfeeding, mother's level of knowledge, family income, mother's height and parenting patterns. The main determinant factors are parity, knowledge and maternal height.

Safe Medicine Administration Counseling for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Mothers

The use of drugs for pregnancy and breastfeeding needs to be self-medication and the importance of counselling to increase the mother's knowledge about the correct use of drugs so that pregnant and lactating women's level of health and knowledge increases. The counselling purpose was to determine the mother's level of knowledge and whether there was a difference in the knowledge level of the use of drugs during pregnancy and lactation. The method used is pre and post-media analysis (flipchart). Data analysis obtain by scoring questionnaires, univariate analysis, and statistical analysis. Mann-Whitney test results showed that in the post-test or after giving counselling using flipchart media, there was a change in respondents' knowledge from before being given a flipchart and after being given a flipchart. The hypothesis from this counselling is accepted, which means that giving flipcharts affects the level of knowledge. The calculations using the spearman test obtained p-value pretest 0.732 and p-value post-test 0.253 for pregnant women and obtained p-value pretest and post-test of 0.033 (p &lt;0.05) for breastfeeding mothers, then there is a relationship between the education level pregnant and lactating mothers with knowledge. The Wilcoxon test data pretest and post-test knowledge of pregnant and lactating mothers had a p-value of 0.003 (p 0.05), the effect of counselling concluded with flipchart media on the knowledge of pregnant and lactating mothers about the use of drugs.

ALLA - AN ANCIENT MASTERPIECE OF SINGING ART (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)

This article examines the history of singing art with the birth of mankind, the influence of the song genre on the spiritual and moral state of peoples, the dynamics of the process of transferring singing art from generation to generation over the centuries. In addition, the genres of songs have a long history and have been passed down from generation to generation for centuries. The origins, stages of development and features of the song genre "Alla" are discussed. Many aspects are analyzed, such as the fact that the genre of Alla's singing is based on folklore, the uniqueness of this type of song, its narration in simple and understandable language. The article systematically describes the history of the song genre, its artistic features, philosophical and spiritual features. The stages of the genre of the song "Alla", the features of each stage, the role of children in the spiritual and aesthetic education of the cradle are scientifically substantiated. The text of the article summarizes the opinions of various experts in the field of the song genre "Alla". In conclusion, the article reveals the importance of the development of the song genre in the conditions of new thinking, the relationship between mother and child. Approaches to the question of the genre of the song differ, and it was analyzed that discussions on this issue continued both during the years of Soviet power and during the years of independence. It is shown that the height of a person's spirituality can be an important factor in raising a child at the level of the song genre that mothers sing, rocking the cradle at birth. It is revealed that in the genres of Alla songs it has become a tradition to pamper a child and compare him with powerful forces and historical figures. Alla song genre takes into account the influence of Asian and European natural factors. The importance of the mother's level, the pleasantness of the sound of the words used instead of them, and so on as the songs of God reach the baby in the cradle. At the end of the article, scientifically based recommendations are given for further popularization and improvement of the song genre.

Water and sanitation influence on child health in Namibia: using demographic and health surveys

Abstract Important milestones in reducing child mortality rates have been achieved internationally and in Africa. With 76 deaths per 1,000 live births, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to have the world's highest under-five mortality (U5M) rate. In SSA, one child in every 13 dies from preventable causes before reaching their fifth birthday. This study sought to determine the impact of demographic, socio-economic, and environmental determinants on child health in Namibia, using the Namibian demographic and health surveys (NDHS) from 2006 and 2013. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association between improved sanitary facilities and water sources and U5M in Namibia. Improved access to sanitation facilities in Namibia is associated with a lower U5M rate, according to the 2013 survey. No significant association was observed between improved access to safe water and child death. In 2013, the greater the mother's level of education, the lower the chance of child death. Finally, the findings demonstrate that mothers who are HIV-positive are more likely to experience under-five death. Hence, the Namibian government should increase sanitation facilities and promote maternal healthcare services for less fortunate households to lower the U5M rate.

Mother's engagement with infant linked to infant's responding to threat

AbstractThe early development of threat perception in infancy might be dependent on caregiver context, but this link has not yet been studied in human infants. This study examined the emergence of the young infant's response to threat in the context of variations in caregiving behavior. Eighty infant‐caregiver dyads (39 female infants, all of western European descent) visited the laboratory when the infant was 5 months old. Each dyad completed a free‐play task, from which we coded for the mother's level of engagement: the amount of talking, close proximity, positive affect, and attention directed toward the infant. When the infant was 7 months old, they came back to the laboratory and we used functional near infrared spectroscopy and eye tracking to measure infants’ neural and attentional responses to threatening angry faces. In response to threat, infants of more‐engaged mothers showed increased brain responses in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex—a brain region associated with emotion regulation and cognitive control among adults—and reduced attentional avoidance. These results point to a role for caregiver behavioral context in the early development of brain systems involved in human threat responding.

THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF NUTRITION DISCS IN THE NUTRITION EDUCATION PROCESS ON MOTHER KNOWLEDGE AND THE CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES IN CHILDREN 5-9 YEARS OLD

One of the problems related to eating behavior is the lack of consumption of fruits and vegetables. Consumption of fruits and vegetables with a proportion of 1-2 servings/day was 67.16%, while fruit and vegetable consumption was 3-4 servings/day a week for the age group ≥5 years of 5.00%. This shows that the consumption of fruits and vegetables of the people of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency is still insufficient. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using nutritional discs in the nutrition education process on maternal knowledge and consumption patterns of fruits and vegetables for children aged 5-9 years in Mamar Village, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency.This type of research is an experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The study population was all mothers who had children aged 5-9 years in Mamar Village. Sampling using simple random sampling technique as many as 32 people. The grouping of sample members into two different treatment groups, namely the first treatment group using nutritional disc media and the second the control group using leaflet media. This study began with a pre-test for both groups, namely measuring the mother's level of knowledge using a questionnaire and assessing children's fruit and vegetable consumption patterns using the semi-quantitative FFQ form. Then carried out nutrition education. The following week a post-test was carried out. Data analysis used Paired Sample T-test and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test.Based on the results of the study, it shows that there is an increase in the average knowledge of mothers and children's consumption patterns through nutrition discs media before and after nutrition education. There was an effect of nutrition education in the intervention group on maternal knowledge, indicating that the value of ρ was 0,000. And there was an effect of nutrition education in the intervention group on children's fruit and vegetable consumption patterns, indicating the value of ρ was 0.003.It is hoped that respondents can apply the knowledge that has been obtained after giving nutrition education using nutrition disc media.

The impact of gender‐based microaggressions and internalized sexism on mental health outcomes: A mother–daughter study

AbstractBackgroundAlthough research is emerging on the subtle slights that women experience, research is needed regarding the frequency with which gender‐based microaggressions occur, their impact on mental health, and how views on gender roles may influence their impact.ObjectiveThe current study examined how mothers and daughters experienced gender‐based microaggressions, internalized sexism, and mental health symptoms.MethodsThe sample included 102 predominantly White mother–daughter pairs. Adolescents were 14 to 18 years old, and mothers were 34 to 68 years old. Mothers and daughters answered surveys including a demographic questionnaire, the Gender‐Microaggressions Scale, Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, the Patient Health Questionnaire—9 for depression, and the General Anxiety Disorder—7 for anxiety.ResultsGreater gender‐related microaggressions experienced in the past month were related to higher levels of mental health distress associated with depression and anxiety among mothers and daughters (p &lt; .05). Mothers and daughters scores were significantly correlated (p &lt; .05) for microaggressions experienced in the past month, total score of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, depression, and anxiety. For mother's depression, a mother's level of ambivalent sexism approached significance in terms of moderating the relationship between microaggressions and mental health (p = .055).ConclusionOur findings suggest that microaggressions are related to mental health distress in adolescent girls and middle‐aged women.ImplicationsUncovering the chronic nature of gender‐based microaggressions and how these may affect individuals and family systems may be useful in individual and family therapy as well as in efforts to change broader social processes.

Relationship Between Maternal Education and Knowledge on Coverage of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Ten Stunting Locus Villages in Pandeglang District, Banten

Introduction: Until now, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding is still far from the national target. The success of exclusive breastfeeding is determined by many factors, including the mother’s education, knowledge, and awareness about the importance of breastfeeding for child growth. This study aims to determine the relationship between the mother’s level of education and knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding in ten stunting locus villages located in Pandeglang Regency, Banten, Indonesia. Methods: This study uses a cross-sectional design with data collection methods through interviews and direct observation. The population consists of mothers who have children under 2 years of age. The study was conducted for 6 months from November 2019. The variables studied included the mother’s age, occupation, number of children, education, and knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. Result: As many as 99.6% of respondents have a good level of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding. The level of education is low at 44.6%, medium at 50.9%, and high at 4.4%. The results showed there was no significant relationship between the mother’s last education and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.860) and there was no significant relationship between the mother's level of knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.558). Conclusion: No significant relationship was observed between the mother’s education and knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding in ten stunting locus villages located in Pandeglang Regency, Banten.

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG DIARE PADA BALITA DI DESA GRINGGING KABUPATEN SRAGEN

Introduction: Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Diarrhea kills 2 million children in the world every year. Preliminary data in the village of Gringging Village, Sragen Regency, from 10 mothers, 9 mothers had sufficient knowledge, 1 mother did not know about diarrhea.&#x0D; Objective: to find out the Mother's Knowledge Level of Diarrhea in Toddlers in Gringging Village, Sragen Regency.&#x0D; Methods: This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The research sample of mothers who have toddlers in Gringging Village, Sragen Regency, is as many as 33 respondents, using saturated sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Data analysis using univariate analysis is presented in the frequency distribution table.&#x0D; Results: The results of this study are the knowledge of mothers about diarrhea in infants in Gringging Village, Sragen Regency, 4 people (12.1%) have good knowledge, 24 people (72.7%) have sufficient knowledge, and 5 people (15.1%) have good knowledge. not enough .&#x0D; Conclusion: In the study of the mother's level of knowledge about diarrhea in toddlers in Gringging Village, Sragen Regency, it can be seen that the majority of respondents have sufficient knowledge.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN MOTIVASI IBU DALAM PEMBERIAN STIMULASI DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA 3-5 TAHUN DI WILAYAH RW 04 KELURAHAN KEDUNG JAYA

Children are individuals who in the range of developmental transitions and prone to developmental problems. The delay in child development is influenced by the stimulation of parents, especially a mother. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge, attitudes and motivation of mothers in giving stimulation with the development of children aged 3-5 years in the area of ​​RW 04 Kedung Jaya Village. The method used is descriptive analytic with proportional random sampling technique as many as 83 mothers with children aged 3-5 years. Univariate analysis using proportion test and bivariate analysis using Chi-Square test. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the mother's level of knowledge in giving stimulation with child development, p-value = 0.000, there is a significant relationship between mother's attitude in giving stimulation with child development, p-value = 0.000, and there is a significant relationship between the mother's motivation in giving stimulation with the child's development, p value = 0.000. In this research, mothers are expected to participate in training and socialization about stimulation in order to understand the correct and appropriate stimulation. Mothers should follow the child's developmental screening on a regular basis.

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU TERHADAP PEMBERIAN SUSU FORMULA PADA BAYI USIA 0–6 BULAN DI LINGKUNGAN IX KELURAHAN BANDAR SELAMAT KECAMATAN MEDAN TEMBUNG

&#x0D; Formula milk is milk made from cow's milk or artificial milk whose composition is changed so that it can be used as a substitute for breast milk. Formula milk is a substitute for breast milk or can also complement breast milk. But it must be remembered that none of the nutritional compositions can match breast milk. The purpose of this study was to better understand and know the advantages and disadvantages of giving formula milk to infants. This research is descriptive using primary data by distributing questionnaires and tabulating to get the results. The population in this study were all mothers in Ward IX, Bandar Selamat Subdistrict, Medan Tembung Subdistrict with a total population of 30 respondents and using a total sampling technique of 30 respondents. From the results of the study, it is known that the majority have less knowledge as many as 15 respondents (50%), based on education the majority have less knowledge in junior high schools as many as 8 respondents (27%), based on work the majority have less knowledge in IRT as many as 11 respondents (37%), and based on sources of information the majority of knowledgeable people do not get information from electronic media as many as 8 respondents (26%). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the mother's level of knowledge on formula feeding in infants aged 0-6 months is in the poor category. Therefore, knowledge greatly influences mothers to achieve the Exclusive Breastfeeding program. Therefore, it is hoped that mothers can increase their knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of formula feeding.

The Relationship Between Mother's Education Level, Mothers Knowledge and Breastfeeding Status with Toddler Motor Skills and Nutrition Status In Diwek Sub-District, Jombang Regency, East Java, Indonesia

The predominant breastfeeding coverage rate in Jombang Regency is 9 percent, which is the highest in the province of East Java. Furthermore, according to the Jombang Health Profile in 2019, the exclusive breastfeeding rate was 82.9 percent. The exclusive breastfeeding coverage rate is 0.23 percent lower than the rate of 83.03 percent in 2018. Mother's knowledge, mother's education level, environment and family, and socio-cultural support are all factors that contribute to the lack of exclusive breastfeeding. According to several researchers, a mother's level of education and knowledge has the greatest direct influence on breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between education level, mother's knowledge, and breastfeeding status with motor skills and nutrition status of toddlers in Diwek District, Jombang. This study used a cross-sectional study design with an observational analytic approach. The total population of this study, which included all children aged 0-4 years in Diwek District, Jombang Regency, was 9,264 children, with 200 samples obtained from calculations using the S. Lemeshow. The findings of this study from three independent variables (x) revealed that only one had a p-value greater than 0.05 or had a significant relationship with toddler motor skills. At the same time, the dependent variable nutritional status demonstrates that all factors in the independent variable have a p-value greater than 0.05 or indicate a link.