Level Of Mother Research Articles

The Selection of Whether to Enter the University or the University Institute of Technology is a Decision that Displays One's Attitude toward Knowledge

For the past fifty years, the dynamics of guidance have been at the centre of social, political and educational concerns. Many researchers have conceptualized the determinants at work in the development of orientation choices: Bourdieu and Passeron adopt a sociological point of view with their model of social reproduction, while others develop this process of orientation from a more psychological angle, notably with the notion. We wish to contribute to the effort to build knowledge by developing an explanatory model of career choices at the time of entry into higher education. This study involves 265 participants, including 147 students enrolled in the first year of IUT GEA and 118 students enrolled in the first year of an AES degree at the university. There are sociobiographical differences between our two populations. Not surprisingly, our population comes from a higher socio-professional background. For both AES and GEA, the father's level of education is mostly equal to or higher than the baccalaureate with percentages of 56.5% and 66.9% respectively (χ2(2) = 4.25, p = .04). This is also the case for the mother's level of education, with percentages of 57.4% and 67.6% respectively (χ2(2) = 12.68, p = .01). These results also show us that the level of education of both fathers and mothers is, in each case, higher for GEA students The results of this research allow us to affirm that the choices of orientation in the IUT GEA or at the university section AES at the time of entry into higher education are determined by the interrelation of socio-biographical and psychological differences. In particular, this study reveals important distinctions between these two categories of students in their forms of relationship to knowledge, differences that explain their choices of orientation. These choices underpin the projection of the individual into his or her future professional and social integration. However, the position he hopes to occupy in the training landscape, and in particular his sector, suggests a number of future social and professional positions that will be "possible" or "unattainable.

KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF MOTHERS REGARDING NEWBORN CARE IN A RURAL COMMUNITY LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Pakistan had an infant mortality rate of 56.88 per 1,000 live births in 2022. According to the World Health Organization, Neonatal mortality is about 45% of all under-five deaths. This study aimed to determine the infant care knowledge and habits of mothers in rural Lahore, Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information for a community-based cross-sectional investigation. A straightforward random method was used to determine who each survey respondent was. A grading method was used to determine the mother's level of expertise and actual practice in caring for their newborns. A basic random procedure was used to choose 98 participants. The umbilical cord was reportedly severed by a modern blade in 78% of the cases, while traditional chemicals were reportedly applied to the cord in 12%. While 66 percent of women said that colostrum should be given to their babies, 88 percent of moms knew that breastfeeding should begin within an hour of the baby's birth and that neonates should receive the exclusive feed. Only 5% of moms were unaware that newborns are completely immunized, and 95% had received all their recommended vaccinations. According to the study, it was common practice to apply traditional substances to the umbilical cord, throw away colostrum, delay starting nursing, and feed neonates exclusively. Particularly in rural areas, the Maternal Child Health (MCH) programs and healthcare delivery systems must focus urgently on preventing harmful care behaviors and adopting healthy practices.

Investigation of the Relationship between Sexist Language Use and Demographic Variables

The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of language on gender roles. In particular, the study investigated the extent to which traditional masculinity roles are adopted and how this adoption process depends on demographic factors. The research sample consists of 239 female participants (65.7%) and 125 male participants (34.3%). The age range of the participants was determined as 18 to 40 years. The average age of the participants was 26.57 (SD= 5.57). Demographic information form and Masculinity Roles Scale were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, t-test for independent groups and correlation analyses were performed. The results of the research may indicate that while males adopt all traditional masculinity roles more than females, males may use a language that reflects a sexist attitude and this language may show more prominent features in daily communication. Mother and father education levels may play a determining role in the use of sexist language. If the mother's level of education is low, the use of sexist language may become more prominent and the opposition of status, masculinity and femininity may be more prominent in this language. Low level of father's education may emphasise sexism. While sexist identity decreased with increasing age, it was observed that this decrease became more evident as the level of education increased. This study emphasises the important role of language in the construction of gender roles and communication. According to the research, it establishes a complex relationship between language, thought and gender perceptions and this relationship can be influenced by demographic factors. Therefore, it is important to consider factors such as social influences and educational level in order to understand and reduce sexist language. Keywords: Gender roles, language, society

Increasing Knowledge of Mothers of Toddlers About Balanced Nutrition Education as an Effort to Prevent Stunting by Using Booklet Media

The aim of writing this case study is to increase the knowledge of mothers with stunting toddlers about balanced nutrition by providing education using booklets. The method used is descriptive research using a case study approach. Case studies were conducted on respondents who met the research criteria. The intervention was carried out for 5 days. Results: After 5 days of intervention, namely efforts to increase knowledge among mothers with stunted toddlers regarding balanced nutrition education using booklet media. The results obtained were that the mother's level of knowledge increased where on the fifth and third day the client was able to do what the researcher taught. The conclusion can be drawn that providing nutrition education using booklet media is able to increase knowledge in mothers with stunted toddlers.

Lactancia materna en España y factores relacionados con su instauración y mantenimiento: estudio LAyDI (PAPenRed)

ObjectiveTo find out actual statistics on breastfeeding in Spain, as well as sociocultural and perinatal factors that affect its initiation and maintenance. DesignProspective, multicentre, longitudinal, nationwide study (XXX study). SitePrimary care paediatricians’ office. ParticipantsCohort of newborns born between April 2017 and March 2018 in Spain who were followed up to two years of age in 8 visits. Main measuresRates of different types of breastfeeding were analysed at each visit and variables related to gestation, delivery, neonatal period, social, economic and biological variables were also analysed. ResultsInitial sample of 1946 (50.1% male). 90.7% decided to initiate breastfeeding at birth. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was 66.4% at 15days and 35.2% at 6months. Any type of breastfeeding (total breastfeeding [TBF]) at 6months was 61.7%. Median survival from TBF was 6.0months (95%CI: 6.0-6.1). Variables related to EBF at 15days: previous children, mother's level of education, absence of illness during pregnancy, no separation of mother and child at birth, no dummy use, no nipple problems, and time of decision to breastfeed. Variables related to longer duration of TBF: relationship of parents older than 5years, no dummy use, co-sleeping at one month of life, deciding to breastfeed before pregnancy, receiving information on breastfeeding during pregnancy and using support from associations. ConclusionsEarly abandonment of breastfeeding is a major problem in Western societies. There are factors that can be worked on to improve outcomes.

Barriers to Utilization of Postnatal Care Services within the First 48 Hours of Birth in North West Syria: A Barrier Analysis Study

Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify barriers to the utilization of postnatal care services among mothers and neonates in a conflict-affected area. Methods: This study involves a cross-sectional survey utilizing the Barrier Analysis (BA) approach, which is based on the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action. It explores up to 12 recognized determinants of behavior adoption. The survey was conducted in six communities located in Idlib and western rural Aleppo, representing both urban and rural areas for host and displaced populations in northwest Syria (Selwa, Abin Samaan, Sahara, Tal Elkaramej, Boz Ghaz, Koknaya). Data collection took place from 7th to 11th November 2021. Initially, screening questions were used to verify participants' eligibility for the survey. The interviewed mothers were then classified into two main groups: the first group consisted of mothers of newborns who attended postnatal care within the first 48 hours after birth (DOERS), while the second group comprised mothers of newborns who did not attend postnatal care within the first 48 hours after birth (NON-DOERS). From both groups, a random sample of 90 mothers of newborns aged 0-6 months was selected (45 DOERS and 45 NON-DOERS) out of a total of 418 respondents. Their answers were analyzed based on the 12 determinants included in the questionnaire. All collected data, including coded qualitative data and closed-ended questions, along with their frequencies, were entered into the Standard Barrier Analysis Tabulation Sheet Excel (SBATS). The odds ratio and P-value were calculated, considering results to be "significant" if the P-value was less than 0.05. Results: All demonstrated significant results are being compared between doers (mothers who attend postnatal care within the first 48 hours after birth) and non-doers (mothers who did not attend postnatal care within the first 48 hours after birth) according to the determinants and based on their recurrence, not their percentage. A total of 90 mothers with newborns aged 0-6 months (45 DOERS and 45 NON-DOERS) were interviewed, the findings revealed that 68% of the interviewed mothers had a normal delivery at health facilities, while 20% had a cesarean delivery, and 12% had a normal delivery at home. The barriers to PNC services included the long distance of the health facilities and the absence of transportation, social norms and traditions that prevent women from leaving home after childbirth, overcrowding at health facilities, fear of COVID-19 infection when visiting health facilities, absence of accompanying people, and the perception among mothers that they were unlikely to experience immediate post-birth problems. On the other hand, the enablers for accessing postnatal care services included community-based health support through community health workers, awareness of the available services, the mother's level of education, and a perceived understanding of the risks associated with medical complications that may arise after birth. Additionally, the availability of transportation and economic resources played a facilitating role in accessing postnatal care services. Conclusion: This study examines the low uptake of postnatal care (PNC) services for mothers and neonates in a conflict-affected area. Findings highlight barriers including limited maternal knowledge, inadequate health service coverage, transportation challenges, and social norms.

Determinant factors of stunting incidence in Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province

Early-life chronic malnutrition causes stunting. In 2021, Muara Enim Regency had a 24.8% stunting incidence, which is still higher than the stunting prevalence in South Sumatra at 24.4%. This research aims to look into the factors contributing to stunting in the Muara Enim. The study's design was cross-sectional, with a sample of children aged 6-59 months living in the Rambang sub-district of Muara Enim Regency. There are 269 children under five were selected as samples using a stratified random sampling procedure. The chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analyses were utilized for data analysis. The findings revealed that five variables, including birth length (p=0.224 OR=1.684), exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.009 and OR=2.590), mother's height (p=0.028 OR=1.834), mother's education level (p=0.001 OR=0.488), and ownership of latrine (p=0.045 OR=0.470), had a relation with stunting incidence. According to the multiple logistic regression test result, the most influential variable associated with the stunting incidence was the mother's level of education, with OR=2.369 (95% CI OR=1.376-4.078), indicating that mothers with lower levels of education were 2.37 times more likely to have children with stunting than mothers with higher levels of education.

Relationship Between Mother's Level of Knowledge About Dental Health Maintenance and Dental Caries in Pre-School Age Children

Introduction: Dental caries in pre-school aged 3-6 years often occurs due to one of the main factors, namely the lack of knowledge of parents, especially mothers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of mother's knowledge about maintaining dental health and the incidence of dental caries in pre-school-aged children. Methods: This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. Data collection techniques by observing dental caries and distributing questionnaires. The research sample is 123 respondents with total sampling technique. Results: most of the respondents were aged 25-34 years (50.4%), mother's education was tertiary as many as 68 respondents (55.3%), and the majority were housewives as many as 64 respondents (52.0%). The distribution of the description of the level of knowledge of the majority of mothers is sufficient, namely in 100 respondents (81.3%). Characteristics of the children showed that most of them were aged 5-6 years as many as 99 people (80.5%), and the majority were male as many as 72 children (58.5%). There were 108 children (87.8%) affected by dental caries. the majority of the mother's level of knowledge is sufficient, there are 104 children (100.0%) with dental caries. The results of the fisher exact test analysis found that there was a relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers about maintaining dental health and the incidence of dental caries in pre-school children (p value 0.000 α 0.05). Conclusion: Mother's level of knowledge influences the incidence of dental caries in pre-school children.

Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas I di Sanggar Belajar Kampung Baru Malaysia 2023

The family environment is the initial education then followed by the school environment. It can be said that school is a place that is trusted by parents to receive education for quite a long time. This study aims to determine the effect of the mother's education level on the learning achievement of class I students at Sanggar Belajar, Kampung Baru Malaysia District in 2023. This type of quantitative research is with a cross sectional design. The number of samples is 15 people with total sampling technique. The results showed that there was an effect of mother's level of education on student achievement in class I with a significant value of p = 0.02 (p <0.05).
 Keywords:mother's educational level and student achievement

The Relationship of Family Support, Maternal Readiness, and Anxiety Level of Pregnant Women Before Giving Birth

Childbirth is a stressful event for a mother. The greater the pregnancy period, will cause uncomfortable feelings. Many mothers experience excitement, anxiety, fear, and panic during labor. At this time, family support turns out to have an important effect on the mother's psychological condition in labor. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family support and maternal readiness with the level of anxiety of pregnant women before delivery. This study used correlation research. The population in this study was pregnant women before childbirth which amounted to 37 people. The sample obtained was 25 willing respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling. The results showed that the highest category of husband support was 21 people (84.0%). The level of maternal anxiety facing childbirth was mostly low at 16 people (64.0%). Thus there is a tendency for pregnant women before labor with the support of their husbands tend not to worry, with a value of p = 0.004 (p < 0.05), which means there is a significant relationship between husband support and the level of anxiety of pregnant women before delivery. Based on the study's results, it is expected that the husband accompanies the wife during labor because the higher the husband's support, the lower the mother's level of anxiety facing childbirth.

The Relationship Between Mother's Level of Knowledge and Giving MP-ASI (Weaning Food) on Babies Under 6 Months

Giving weaning food (MP-ASI) too early has many impacts on the health of babies, including diarrheal diseases. This is because the baby's digestive system is not ready to accept food other than breast milk, causing a reaction in the digestive system. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between a mother's level of knowledge and giving MP-ASI (weaning food) on babies under 6 months. This study uses an analytic design observational with an approach Cross-sectional. Data were taken from interviews and questionnaire sheets at Posyandu Kenanga Desa Labruk Lor, held in November 2022 with a total population of 32 mothers with babies aged 0-6 months and a sample of 32 respondents using the technique of total sampling. Data collection includes coding, editing, and tabulating. Bivariate analysis using uji Chi-Square shows p-value= 0.001 < α 0.05 means a relationship exists between the mother's knowledge level and the provision of MP ASI to infants under six months old. A correlation value of 0.543 means that the mother's level of knowledge has a strong relationship with the provision of MP ASI to infants under 6 months old. The conclusion of the study, there is a relationship between the level of mother's knowledge and the provision of MP-ASI to infants under six months at Posyandu Kenanga Desa Labruk Lor in 2022. The suggestions are that research sites should conduct counseling activities related to exclusive breastfeeding and MP-ASI provision to increase mothers' knowledge.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu dan Sanitasi Fisik Rumah Terhadap Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tarus

ARI is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the airways from the nose to the alveoli, including tissues such as the sinuses/cavities around the nose. In Kupang Regency, ISPA cases experienced an increase in 2020 by 43,109 people, at the Tarus Health Center in 2020 there were 5,487 people. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the mother's level of knowledge and the physical sanitation of the house on the incidence of ARI in toddlers in the working area of ​​the Tarus Health Center. Types of analytical survey research. The research location was carried out in the working area of ​​the Tarus Public Health Center, Kupang Regency and was carried out from June to July 2022. The research population was mothers with toddlers, totaling 5,370 mothers of toddlers and a sample of 95 toddlers. The data analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square statistical test with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that the incidence of ARI was related to the mother's level of knowledge (p-value = 0.001), house ventilation (p-value = 0.004), occupancy density (p-value = 0.000), floor conditions (p-value = 0.003) , the condition of the walls of the house (p-value = 0.002), the age of the toddler (p-value = 0.000), the gender of the toddler (p-value = 0.000), but there is no relationship with cooking fuel (p-value = 0.596) with the incident ARI in the working area of ​​the Tarus Public Health Center, Kupang Regency. Puskesmas are expected to be able to utilize health promotion media in order to increase mothers' knowledge about the dangers of ARI and its prevention.

The correlation between the mother's knowledge about toddler growth and development with the compliance of the mother's visit

Good maternal knowledge will affect how mothers care for their children’s health, nutrition and monitor their child's growth and development. One of the strategies carried out is to bring toddlers to Posyandu. The regularity of mothers visiting Posyandu will be very useful in monitoring the early detection of toddlers' growth, development, and health status so that mothers know the abnormalities of their children. This study aims to find out how mothers' knowledge about toddler growth and development with the compliance of mothers visiting Posyandu. This study used a correlational quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. With the Saturated Sample Technique, the entire research sample was used as research respondents, as many as 30. The instrument used is a questionnaire. Primary data collection from questionnaires and secondary data was based on mothers' MCH/KMS books and Posyandu records. Data analysis using Chi-Square statistical test. The study results obtained an alternative value of the Chi-Square test, namely Fisher's Exact Test, with a p-value= 1,000, which means there is no correlation between the two variables. The mother's level of knowledge about toddler growth and development has nothing to do with the mother's obedience or disobedience to visit the posyandu regularly every month.

Meta-Analysis the Effects of Rotavirus Vaccine, Exclusive Breastfeeding, and Maternal Education on Diarrhea in Children Under Five

Background: Diarrhea is an infectious disease that can cause death in children under five years. Diarrheal disease is a disease with the highest mortality and morbidity after pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to analyze and estimate the effect of rotavirus vaccine, exclusive breastfeeding, and mother's education level on the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers, with a meta-analysis based on previously conducted primary studies. Subjects and Method: This article was prepared using a systematic review and meta-analytic study. This research was conducted using the PICO model. Meta-analytic studies were conducted by searching for articles from databases in electronic form using PubMed, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, and Springer Link. Article searches were conducted from 1-28 February 2023. The keywords used were “Vacinnation” OR “Exclusive breastfeeding” OR “Educational Mother” OR “Infection” OR “Diarrhea Childhood”. The inclusion criteria for this study were complete articles using cross-sectional research, published years from 2013-2022. Analysis of the articles used RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 24 cross-sectional studies from Africa and Asia were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that not given rotavirus vaccine had a 3.60 times the risk of experiencing diarrhea compared to those given rotavirus vaccine (aOR= 3.60; 95% CI= 2.31 to 5.64; p<0.001), not given exclusive breastfeeding had a risk of experiencing diarrhea 3.28 times compared with those who were given exclusive breastfeeding (aOR= 3.28; 95% CI= 2.24 to 4.80; p<0.001), and children who had mothers with low education levels had a 2.08 times higher risk of experiencing diarrhea compared to children who had mothers with low education levels which is higher (aOR= 2.08; 95% CI= 1.71 to 2.54; p<0.001). Conclusion: Not being given the rotavirus vaccine, not being given exclusive breastfeeding, and the mother's low education level are at risk of increasing the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. Keywords: rotavirus vaccine, exclusive breastfeeding, mother's level of education, child diarrhea Correspondence: Genn Andrean Pratama. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: andreanpratama0077@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282278467441.

Factors Causing Stunting In Toddlers Aged 0 To 5 Years In Coastal Communities

In Indonesia, Stunting is a current issue with nutrition. About one in four children worldwide has stunted growth or stunting. When the nutritional status of a child is assessed using length, whether height and their z-score is below the WHO-MGRS (Multicentre Growth Reference Study) criteria in 2005, they are considered short toddlers. Children with z-score -3SD or lower are considered as very short toddlers. This study set out to identify the contributing causes to stunting in coastal areas. Quantitative research is the chosen research methodology. This type of study was conducted in the working space of Posyandu cadres in the village of Sialang Buah for the coastal area. It is a cross-sectional study that uses analytical methods. Based on that findings It might be argued that the findings of our coastal community, specifically that village by Sialang Buah, does not now have stunting but is susceptible to it. In Sialang Buah Village, toddlers are at risk for stunting because the mother's level of education is low, that parents' level on labor there is low, which results in less income.

Determinants of stunting incidence in toddlers age 24-59 months based on the epidemiological triangle in the working area of the Nambo Health Center, Kendari City, 2023

Background: The incidence of stunting in the Nambo sub-district is included in the top five highest stunting prevalence rates in Kendari City out of ten sub-districts. This study focuses on toddlers in coastal areas in Kendari City. This study aims to determine the relationship between host factors (gender, birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, mother's employment status, mother's level of knowledge, family income), agent factors, history of infectious diseases, environment factors (access to clean water and availability of latrines) with incidence of stunting aged 24–59 months. Method: This study was conducted directly in the field using observational analytics using quantitative research with a cross-sectional research design with the aim of determining whether there is a relationship between sex factors, birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, mother's employment status, mother's level of knowledge, family income, history of toddler infectious diseases, access to clean water and latrine availability facilities with the incidence of stunting in the working area of the Nambo Health Center in Kendari City in 2023. The sampling technique of this study is probability sampling using stratified random sampling, which is a sampling technique taken by random stratification (based on strata) with a total sample of 248 toddlers. Results: The variable results showed that for host factors related were birth weight (ρ-Value = 0.000), exclusive breastfeeding (ρ-Value = 0.009) and maternal knowledge level (ρ-Value = 0.003), while the unrelated were the sex of the toddler (ρ-Value = 0.108), mother's employment status (ρ-Value = 0.362 ), family income ( ρ-Value = 0.367), agent factor has no relationship between history of infectious disease (ρ-Value = 0.130), environmental factors have no relationship between access to clean water (ρ-Value = 1.000) and latrine availability facilities (ρ-Value = 0.491) with the incidence of stunting in toddlers. Conclusion: there is a relationship between birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and maternal knowledge level with the incidence of stunting and there is no relationship between gender, maternal employment status, family income, history of infectious diseases, access to clean water and means of availability of latrines with the incidence of stunting.

TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG SWAMEDIKASI DIARE ANAK DI PLUMBUNGAN DESA DUKUH KECAMATAN BANYUDONO KABUPATEN BOYOLALI

Diarrhea is a condition in which a person defecates mushy or liquid consistency, can be water only and the frequency is more (usually three or more) in a day. Improper handling and treatment of diarrhea can cause complications such as dehydration and malnutrition. This final project aims to measure the level of knowledge of mothers about diarrhea self-medication in children in Plumbungan, Dukuh Village, Boyolali Regency. This study is a quantitative descriptive research method with cross sectional data collection. The sampling total 42 samples were used for the sampling method. Retrieval of research data by filling out a questionnaire As a results the characteristics of respondents at the age of 26-35 years were mostly 45%. The most dominant last education was high school as much as 69%, and the most jobs were as housewives (IRT) as much as 43%. Mother's level of knowledge about diarrhea is categorized as good as much as 69%, sufficient category as much as 31%. The good level of self-medication behavior in children with diarrhea is 90%, 10% is sufficient. Overall, the average level of knowledge of mothers shows that mothers have good knowledge and behavior in dealing with children with diarrhea

Impact of the Family Environment on the Frequency of Animal-Based Product Consumption in School-Aged Children in Central Poland.

Animal-sourced foods (ASFs) have a high nutritional value, which makes them important elements of young people's diets. Several environmental factors might affect the dietary habits of children and adolescents, and their identification seems to be a principal reason to maintain their healthy eating practice. Thus, we aimed to investigate selected environmental factors (a place of residence, net income, mother's education level, number of siblings, and mother's BMI), which may be linked to the consumption frequency of ASFs among school-aged children. In total, 892 mothers of primary school children aged 7-14 years from central Poland took part in the anonymous and voluntary survey. The frequency of meat and meat product consumption was affected by the mother's education level, place of residence, and net income. Generally, meat was eaten more often by the city children (G = 0.178, p < 0.01) of better-educated mothers (G = 0.268, p < 0.001) and higher-income families (G = 0.209, p < 0.001). A higher level of education was linked to more frequent fish consumption but only in the younger group (G = 0.130, p < 0.05). The frequency of egg intake was positively associated with the maternal level of education (G = 0.185, p < 0.001), children's gender (girls > boys, G = 0.123, p < 0.05), and place of residence (city > village, G = 0.214, p < 0.001). In turn, the frequency of milk and dairy intake was related only to the place of residence (village > city, G = 0.97, p <0.05). It can be concluded that the mother's level of education is a key factor linked to the selected children's dietary habits. Thus, we believe that successful health education programs designed for young people should include the maternal capacity to interpret and adapt information into daily practice.

The Relationship between Education Level and Mother's Occupational Status with the Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Kalanganyar District, Lebak, Banten

Background: Preschoolers are prone to nutritional problems because their health is still unstable while their nutritional needs are increasing. Based on RISKESDAS data for Lebak Regency in 2018, the prevalence of under-fives with malnutrition was 19.6%, normal 71.91%, and more than 8.49%. The role of the mother in nurturing, caring for, and sharpening the child during its growth and development is very important, especially as a regulator of nutritional intake which is related to the mother's education level, mother's occupation, family income level, and mother's level of nutrition knowledge. Method: This study uses a quantitative research type with correlation analysis. The population of this study was all mothers with preschool-age children in Kalanganyar District, Lebak, Banten. 50 samples were taken through quota sampling. Data collection was carried out through interviews using questionnaires, and direct measurements of BB and TB. Data analysis was performed with the chi-square test. Results: 64% of mothers have a high level of education, 92% of mothers do not work, and 72% of preschoolers have normal nutritional status. The statistical test results for the relationship between the mother's education level and the nutritional status of preschoolers obtained p=0.004 (p&lt;0.05), while for the relationship between the mother's employment status and the nutritional status of preschoolers it was found p=0.079 (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the mother's education level and the nutritional status of preschoolers and there is no relationship between work status and the nutritional status of preschoolers in Kalanganyar District, Lebak, Banten. In the view of Islam, Allah SWT forbade mankind not to leave weak offspring.

Retrospective analysis of 102 neonatal cases hospitalized with diagnosis of the ongoing phenomenon of neonatal period: hypernatremic dehydration

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of hypernatremic dehydration (HD) among term neonates admitted to a tertiary care unit over a three-year period and to identify mother and neonate related risk factors associated with HD.&#x0D; Material and Method: Medical records of 102 term babies and their mothers were analyzed retrospectively. The gender, weight at birth, type of birth, postnatal day of diagnosis, weight and weight loss percentage at diagnosis, season and presenting complaint upon admission, feeding with human milk/formula/mixed, laboratory findings, usage of antibiotics as well as maternal age, parity, residence, level of education and presence of smoking were recorded. Serum sodium (Na) levels, severity of dehydration, age on admission, and length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were recorded along with any significant effect of maternal demographic properties, residence, season, gender, and type of birth.&#x0D; Results: The average Na levels were found to be 152.1±4.2 mEq/L (max:166 mEq/L). Mild, moderate and severe hypernatremia were found in 34 (33%), 62 (61%) and 6 (6%) patients, respectively. More weight loss was observed in neonates born via cesarean section vs. vaginal delivery (12.8±3.0% vs. 11.6±3.5%, p=0.01). Higher serum Na levels (153.9±4.86 mEq/L vs. 151±2.34 mEq/L, p=0.008) and a greater median age at admission (4.5 [IQR4-6]) days vs. 3 [IQR3-4]) days, p=0.03) were reported for neonates born to mothers residing in rural/suburban vs. urban areas. Serum Na levels were not different based on the mother's level of education or parity (p=0.96 and p=0.29, respectively). There was no difference in serum Na levels (p=0.05) but the percentage of weight loss was higher when the mother smoked (14.3±3.8% vs. 11.7±3.1%, p=0.003). Serum Na and glucose levels were lower, antibiotics usage rates, and prevalence of mixed feedings were higher in early term infants (p=0.01, p=0.002, p=0.04 and p=0.04, respectively). Males had higher creatinine levels (0.89±0.27 mg/dl vs. 0.78±0.28 mg/dl, p=0.005), but there was no difference between the sexes in terms of day of admission, percentage of weight loss, or length of stay in NICU.&#x0D; Conclusion: Hypernatremic dehydration is a significant and increasingly prevalent problem of neonatal period. Serum Na levels and severity of dehydration in neonates may be affected by the type of birth, mother's smoking status, residence and early term birth. Counseling on breastfeeding, education of health professionals and caregivers on the signs and symptoms of dehydration, and monitoring of body weight are essential for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HD.