Moroccan Literature Research Articles

Somewhere between the Nahḍa and the Nadal: toward a rhizomatic cartography of Hispanophone Moroccan literature

The great variety of Hispanophone Moroccan literature evades facile categorization and breaks down identity qualifiers. It exists, yet it refuses to be easily categorized: is it a Moroccan literature that just happens to be expressed in Spanish? Or is it a peripheral Spanish literature that has grown out of the historical proximity and connections between the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb? This long, shared history complicates a simple description of these works as “postcolonial literature,” and suggests what Deleuze and Guattari call a rhizomatic literary cartography. This project seeks to engage with these questions of literary identity in Hispanophone Moroccan literature in order to consider the competing factors contributing to this unique literary phenomenon. My thesis is that Hispanophone Moroccan literature must be understood as a rhizomatic cartography. If it is considered as a peripheral Spanish or postcolonial literature, we risk overlooking many of its valuable contributions to the Hispanophone literary canon.

Burning Witnesses in Limbo: Moroccan Diasporic Literature

This article proposes a comparative reading of two works by Moroccan writers that explore migration and expands upon Ato Quayson and Yoon Sun Lee’s research on diasporic cultural production. Ruth Knafo Setton’s The Road to Fez (2001) and Laila Lalami’s Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits (2005) raise questions of genre. Knafo Setton employs elements of the Gothic while Lalami utilizes travel writing to delve into Moroccan migrant and diasporic experiences. A contrapuntal examination of their texts from a genre-oriented perspective highlights the interplay between the author, text, and reader, shedding light on Moroccan literature in English and the distinct characteristics of diasporic writing and reading.

Exploring social dynamics and cross-cultural encounters in Paul Bowles’s translations of Moroccan (oral) literature: insights from Choukri, Layachi, and Mrabet’s narratives

ABSTRACT Paul Bowles’s literary productions, both factual and fictional, were significantly influenced by Moroccan culture, where he resided for over half a century. Despite facing harsh criticism, particularly as postcolonial critique gained prominence in literary circles, Bowles gave life to a collection of stories and life histories from a distinctly Moroccan perspective. Issues of (mis)representation, Orientalism, authority, and authorship of translated works were central to the controversy. This paper delves into the portrayal of self and other within Bowles’s translation of life stories and fiction by his Moroccan collaborators, Choukri, Layachi, and Mrabet. Their narratives are examined in the context of Tangier’s multicultural environment, where sexual, socio-cultural, ethnic, and religious identities are perpetually questioned and negotiated. The paper argues that through collaborative translation, Bowles allowed marginalised voices from the underground of Moroccan society to emerge, subverting stereotypical images perpetuated by colonial hegemony and elitist nationalist discourses. By investigating issues pertaining to (mis)representation, Orientalism, authority, and authorship within these translated works, the study sheds light on the power dynamics and complexities inherent in cross-cultural literary encounters.

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND THE ISLAMIC KINGDOM OF BORNO RELATIONSHIPS DURING THE REIGN OF EL MAY IDRIS ALOUMA (1571-1603) IN VIEW OF ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS

The present study addresses the Ottoman Empire and kingdom of Borno relationships in the 16th century, aiming at figuring out the nature of these relationships, its aspects, and impact on the future of the Sudan region. The study aims equally at denying the opinions saying that the existence of the Ottoman Empire was limited to the coastal areas, not far interior areas. This research paper relies on historical, descriptive, and analytical and comparative method by analyzing and describing documents then putting them in their historical and geographical context related to that period. It depends also on comparing historical sources upon their information and the accuracy of this information. 
 Methods used in this regard are archives as the first source for investigating the circumstances of bilateral relationships besides historical sources that co-existed with the events from all parts, in addition to the historical sources and specialized reference investigation and interpretation processes. The study concluded that the existence of the Ottoman Empire is a real extension in Sudan and that the kingdom of Borno wad dependent nominally to the Ottoman Empire. The latter had a civilizational role in the Sudan region. Ancient and modern Moroccan literature is unfair in describing the relationship between the Ottoman Empire and kingdom of Borno.

TRAVEL LITERATURE AND ITS ROLE IN LINKING THE HISTORICAL AND INTELLECTUAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE EAST AND THE MAGHREB: THE JOURNEY OF MUHAMMAD HAJJI BOUCHAARA AS A MODEL

Historical knowledge is a human one consisting of multiple sources and stripes that carries with it diverse and abundant information that concerns a specific period of history for a nation. The trip is considered an essential source of this historical knowledge, as it relies on direct awareness of events and it is not satisfied with transmission and hearing only, which makes it a living testimony to historical facts that may not be included in the history books themselves. It is worth mentioning that the history of Morocco has not been without a book about the journey through the ages, which highlights the interest of Moroccans in this literature to the extent that it has become one of the characteristics of the Moroccan literature, so that Professor Mohamed El Fassi believes that “the most important thing with which Morocco participated in building the edifice of general Arab culture And with juris prudence research, the art of the journey”. The Moroccans have achieved the best luck in this field. Indeed, we can say with confidence and reassurance that the Moroccans have excelled and gained the advantage of being a pioneer and leader in the field of travel. If the historical sources have recorded the names of a large number of Moroccan travellers who roamed the horizons, there are those whom we do not find mentioned , so it can be imagined that a large number of Moroccan trips have been lost or are still hidden in forgotten shelves that have not yet been reached,explored or studied. An example of this is Bouchaara's Hajj trip, whose owner is unknown - despite his scientific status - in the Moroccan and Arab cultural circles. In particular, we mention: Youssef Al-Nabahani. Thus, we have uncovered a cultured Moroccan figure who remained unknown despite the fact that he left a scientific work that enriched the Moroccan treasury. From here came our conviction to present the authentic journey of Bouchaara, so who is this traveller? What are the conditions of his trip and what are its main raised issues ? Where does its importance lay? And what did it add to the series of Moroccan pilgrimages that Moroccans have been taking? These are a set of questions that we will try hard to answer through this research

Muhammed Said er-Reyhânî’nin “Yazarın Ölümü” Adlı Hikâye Koleksiyonunda Ölüm Teması

Modern Arap edebiyatı ile ilgili çalışmalarda Mısır, Suriye ve Irak edebi canlılığa ve ilmi kalkınmaya sahne olurken Fas edebiyatı yeni fikri akımlardan uzakta kalarak klasik Arap edebiyatına bağlı kalmıştır. Modern Fas edebiyatında Arap Edebiyatında ortaya çıkan ve gelişen yeni edebî türlerin geç başladığı görülür. Bunun sonucunda da yazarlar hata ve tecrübesizlik dolu bir süreçten geçerek, gerçek bir hikâye sanatına ulaşana kadar uzun zaman harcamalarına ve büyük mücadele vermelerine neden olmuştur. Fas’ta yeni hikâye 20. yüzyılın başlarında Ebû Şuayb ed-Dükâlî, İbn Şakrûn, Muhammed Gırrîd ve Muhammed Mûsâ gibi şahsiyetlerin makâme taklidi eserleriyle başlamıştır. Fas kısa öyküsünün gecikmesinde etken olarak birtakım faktörler bulunmaktadır. Fransız işgalinin, öykünün geç ortaya çıkmasında ve gelişmesinde büyük etkisi vardır. Faslı öykü yazarı Muhammed Said er-Reyhânî çeviri, iletişim ve gazetecilik alanında yüksek lisans derecesi, yazarlık alanında yüksek lisans derecesi ve İngiliz Edebiyatı alanında lisans derecesi almıştır. 2008'den beri "Fas Yazarlar Birliği" üyesidir. Reyhânî, Edebiyat konularında araştırmacı olmasının yanı sıra, yazarlık alanında da çalışmalar yapmıştır. Yazarın Ölümü adlı eseri daha önce kaleme almış olduğu Sabahı Beklerken ve Herhangi bir Yere Göç Mevsimi adlı öykü koleksiyonunun üçüncüsüdür. Eser 2010 yılında yayımlanmıştır. Yazar öykülerini oluştururken tek tek metinler olarak değil, bir hikâye grubu olarak yazmıştır. Diğer öykü koleksiyonunda bütün temaların aynı olduğu gibi bu koleksiyonundaki bütün hikâyelerinde tema aynıdır ve o da ölümdür. Reyhânî’nin Mevtü’l Müellif (Yazarın Ölümü) adlı bu eseri ölüm temasının farklı şekillerde ele alındığı on hikâye koleksiyonundan oluşan bir öykü kitabıdır. İlk olarak öykü koleksiyonu için bir başlık düşünen Reyhânî; bir çalışma alanı içinde yeniden üretilen tüm metinlerin bu başlıklarının etrafında toplandığı merkezi bir konu olduğunu ifade eder. Diğer koleksiyonlarında benimsediği bu tarz Yazarın Ölümü adlı bu öyküde de ana tema "son, ölüm ve kurtuluş" gibi başlıklar olarak görülmektedir. Yazar, Bir Umursamazlık Hâli öyküsünde güvenliğin ve dayanışmanın olmadığı toplumlarda ölümün istediğini, istediği zaman ve şekilde seçeceğini anlatır. Bütün Hayatımız Rahat İçin ve Bütün Ölümümüz Endişe İçin öyküsünde yaşam ve ölüm kavramlarını tersine çevirmiştir. Bir Zehirlenme Durumu zehirlenme ve ölümle cezalandırma hakkında kaleme aldığı öyküsüdür. Ölülerinizi Hayırla Anın öyküsünde zalim rejimde hükümdarın cenaze törenini anlatmıştır. Ölüm Döşeğinde öyküsünde ölümün son anlarını betimlemiştir. En Kötü Esirin En Kötü Sonu öyküsünde şerefli bir ölüm dersine ihtiyacı olan bir esirin, bütün onurunu kaybetmiş halde ölümü isteyecek kadar ölümün kendisi için yavaş olduğu durumu ele almıştır. Hayat Ölülerin İstediği Gibi, yazar bu öyküsünde insan yaşamındaki onurun eksenine ölümü koyar. İmparatorların Tarzında Ölüm öyküsünü intihar anındaki bir kişinin ölümünün hangi yolla olacağını seçimindeki düşünceleri ile oluşturmuştur. Beni Öldüren, Ben Hâlâ Hayattayım öyküsünde gerçekte yaşanmış bir olaydan hareketle siyâsî süikastın imkânsızlığını ortaya koymuştur. Yazarın Ölümü adlı öyküsünde Fransız yazar Barthes’in öykü anlayışından etkilenmiş olmasının sonucu olarak öyküden yazarı çekip okuyucuyu öykü ile baş başa bıraktığı bu son öyküsünde yazar gerçekten de ölmüştür ve yalnızca okur vardır.

Disability in Moroccan Literature: Nabil in Au Pays, Tahar Ben Jelloun

The present paper is an attempt to explore the representations of disability and People with Disabilities (PWD) in the Moroccan novel Au Pays by focusing on one character, Nabil, a trisomic child, and exploring how he is seen through the lens of his society. Sometimes seen as a gift from God and other times as a burden, Nabil epitomizes other people with disabilities who live in societies as outcasts. The analysis showed that the exclusion of PWD is the result of the continuous association of disability with abnormality and the inability to understand and thus accept difference. This association eventually yields disabled societies, which further constribute the systematic exclusion of PWD.

The post-colonial novel and the re-construction of national identity in Morocco: conflicts and paradoxes

ABSTRACT Tainted by decades of direct colonial influence, Moroccan cultural identity in the postcolonial era became the battleground for conflicting discourses and competing voices grappling for recognition and dominance. The project of cultural decolonisation and national identity construction was avidly endorsed by Moroccan nationalist authors whose ‘engaged’ literature aimed at resurrecting Moroccanness on solid Islamic and nationalist foundations. Modernist writers, however, espoused a different vision that is based on modernisation, liberalism and secularism. Some other writers wrote ‘undesirable’ literature that is highly individualistic and unconcerned with the question of identity. The cultural scene in general and the novel genre in particular, being a new and a widely receptive genre, vehicled these postcolonial conflicting discourses and ideologies and reflected the discursive and ideological heterogeneity of postcolonial Morocco. This article sheds light on this heterogeneity as manifested in the works of prominent Moroccan post-colonial novelists. I, therefore, contend that there were several literatures at play subsequent to Morocco’s political independence; one is progressive, another reactionary, and the other is ahistorical; all representing the three major currents of post-colonial Moroccan literature.

Traduire la littérature marocaine d’expression française : cas du roman Les Temps noirs d’A. Serhane

Our contribution is about the translation of postcolonial and francophone Moroccan literature, and especially the case of the novel Les Temps noirs written by Abdelhak Serhane. Being written by an author not belonging to the Hexagon, this literary text reveals a decentering writing practice to which the translator must be very attentive when translating this novel. This is how, first, we sought, using the postcolonial approach, to elucidate the postcolonial writing that underlies this novel, as well as its characteristics and its stake. The aim is to show the role of cultural translation in the author’s writing project in order to include his native languages, especially Arabic and Berber. Then, we presented the strategy for translating this novel into Arabic according to the bermanian approach whose primary objective is to preserve otherness intact. It is, finally, these traces of the Other that we have analyzed and commented on in order to demonstrate, in the end, that the translation of the Other in this novel implies a return to its original language and culture.

A review of Abd al-Haq al-Marini's services to Moroccan literature: A case study of jihad poetry [In Arabic

تحاول هذه الدراسة الکشف عن بعض جهود مؤرخ المملکة المغربیة الدکتور عبد الحق المرینی، فی خدمة الأدب المغربی، عبر قراءة متأنیة لأحد مؤلفاته، ویتعلق الأمر بکتابه: الجهاد فی الأدب المغربی من عهد الأمیر یوسف بن تاشفین المرابطی حتى عهد السلطان المولى عبد الرحمن بن هشام العلوی، وهو رسالة لنیل دکتوراه الدولة فی الأدب المغربی من جامعة سیدی محمد بن عبد الله بفاس تحت إشراف الدکتور عباس الجراری عام 1989، وقد طبعته فی جزأین وزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامیة سنة 1996، وصدر فی طبعة ثانیة عام 2010، عن منشورات زاویة للفن والثقافة بالرباط. ترکز الدراسة على جملة من النقاط؛ وهی قراءة فی المنهج الذی اعتمده الدکتور عبد الحق المرینی فی مقاربة شعر الجهاد، ثم عرض رؤیته لهذا الاتجاه فی الإبداع وکیف حاول التأصیل له ونقله من اتجاه فکری إلى غرض شعری یمثل نبع الوطنیة وسجل نضالات أمـة، ثم قیمة هذا الکتاب، وآفاق استمرار البحث فی موضوع شعر الجهاد، مع التأکید على دلالات هذا المفهوم الذی یراد به الدفاع عن الوطن والهویة، ولیس تلک المعانی الدخیلة علیه والتی لحقته بسبب الإعلام، هذا الأخیر خلط بین مفاهیم الجهاد والمقاومة ونضالات الأمم ضد المحتل، ووضعها فی سلة واحدة مع الإرهاب والعدوان، حیث إن تـنقیة مفهوم الجهاد من الشوائب التی لحقته –الیوم- یعد ضرورة منهجیة ومعرفیة لکی یظل هذا المفهوم منبعا للوطنیة والفخر بانتصارات الأمم ومنجزاتها، مع ما یترتب عن ذلک من تنمیة للحس الوطنی وتعمیم لثقافة المواطنة. وهکذا، سنلحظ تواصلا فاعلا لشعر الجهاد فی الأدب المغربی، متأثرا ومؤثرا فی کثیر من الأحداث الوطنیة، وأیضا مؤرخا لعدد من القضایا التی تشغل المغاربة جمیعا، فالکلمة المدافعة عن الوطن جهاد له أثره الملموس والصادق، وجمهوره واسع من عموم القراء والأمسیات الشعریة، خاصة وأن بعض المجلات المغربیة العریقة قد دأبت على سنة حمیدة وهی نشر قصائد وطنیة ضمن کل عدد جدید من أعدادها، ونستحضر على سبیل المثال مجلة دعوة الحق، والأکید أن هذه الاستمراریة فی شعر الجهاد، لم تقتصر على الکلمة الشعریة المعبرة، وإنما یحضر الجهاد بدلالاته الواسعة ضمن مجالات الفن والتشکیل والموسیقى والتمثیل وغیره، لیؤرخ مسیرة نضال أمة فی سبیل إثبات وجودها، والدفاع عن کیانها، وحمایة شخصیتها، وتحصین رصیدها الحضاری الزاخر بالأعمال العظیمة.

Ben Jelloun’s Point of View on Racism in the Essay Le Racisme Expliqueé À Ma Fille

Moroccan literature has been growing since the 1950s, when Morocco was still under French occupation. The big themes that commonly appear in Moroccan literature are the issues of colonialism and racism. One Moroccan writer whose work speaks a lot about racism is Tahar Ben Jelloun. This article aims to analyze one of Ben Jelloun's works entitled Le Racisme expliquée à ma fille. The essay discusses a father and his 10-year-old daughter about racism and what makes people became racist. In the essay, some words are in bold, and these words are mostly phenomena or social events related to the dark history of world civilization due to racism. This study used a qualitative method by using Genette's focalization theory and opposition theory by Greimas markers. The analysis results show that the concept of racism in this essay is conveyed through the father's focalization even though the essay's form is a question and answer between the father and daughter. The selection of forms of dialogue with father and daughter figures can be seen as a narrative strategy to convey the implicit meaning to combat racism. Anti-racism education in the family is Tahar Ben Jelloun's reflection on solutions to racism in the world.

What Is Moroccan Literature? History of an Object in Motion

Abstract What is Moroccan literature, where and when does it happen, and in what languages? In this essay, we tackle these questions by tracing the evolution of the definition of “Moroccan literature” from the first half of the twentieth century until the present. The earliest works of Moroccan literary historiography, such as ʿAbd Allah Kannūn’s al-Nubūgh al-maghribī fī al-adab al-ʿarabī (1937), situated Moroccan literature within the Arabic literary tradition and treated Moroccan literature as an important element in the “Arab-Islamic” identity promoted by the Moroccan nationalist movement. Since Moroccan independence in 1956, this definition of Moroccan literature has come under increasing pressure, as the languages and imaginative geographies of Moroccan literature have expanded to include new voices. In what follows, we consider these debates through a survey of a diverse corpus of literary-historical works that throw into question the linguistic, temporal, and spatial borders of Moroccan literature (and of Morocco itself).

Where the Silence Speaks: Resistance Culture in Moroccan Post-Colonial Literature

Resistance literature is gaining prominence in the literary world celebrating the richness of native indigenous cultures that were under colonial rule. While Moroccan literature has often captured the attention of critics with regard to local politics, extensive studies focusing on resistance literature is yet to gain momentum. This study presents how themes of resistance and struggle echo in The Moor’s Account by Laila Lalami and The Simple Past by Dris Charaibi and strives to discover the extent to which resistance becomes successful against colonial rule.

The Moroccan city: a quest for cultural memory in Francophone and Arabophone contemporary literature

ABSTRACT This article focuses on representations of the city in 20th- and twenty-first-century Moroccan literature. In particular, this work concerns itself with the different social, historical, and political forces that together contribute to the construction of urban spaces, and it draws on a number of critical and theoretical fields, including cultural memory studies and literary studies, while at the same time considering different contemporary Moroccan urban structures from a spatio-temporal perspective. More precisely, this article addresses the city in Medieval, colonial, and postcolonial Morocco as a territory of individual and collective memory in Fās … Law cĀdat Ilayh (2003) (If Fez Returned to Him), a novel by Aḥmad al-Madīnī, and Le griot de Marrakech (2005), (The Griot of Marrakesh), a collection of short stories by Mahi Binebine. This study examines various cultural monuments, including the imperial city gates, the Mellah (Jewish quarter), texts both North African and Andalusi, and historical personalities, insofar as they function as lieux de mémoire according to Pierre Nora’s usage of the term. These components of Moroccan cultural heritage function as manifestations of history through memory, rooted both in material and immaterial figures, and constitute national identity: an interfaith, multiethnic, and pluri-linguistic Morocco.

MOHAMED CHOUKRI: DE LA TRANSGRESIÓN DE FRONTERAS A LA ESCRITURA AMALGAMADA

Le noyau de cet article tourne sur l’idée de la transgression des frontières et son influence dans la littérature marocaine d’expression française. Pour Michel Foucault (1963), la transgression est vouée à éprouver la limite, à la traverser et à la dévoiler. Une révélation liée à la violence et aux impulsions primitives poussant l’être à la déviance et à la désintégration des lois, des normes qui régissent une communauté déterminée. Cette révélation insère l’ouvrage de Choukri dans la ligne de la transgression des frontières et du dévoilement des règles qui régissent une communauté. Un type de transgression qui symbolise une rencontre entre la limite et l’illimité, entre les normes et leur dépassement. Une révolte qui laisse entrevoir le côté le plus primitif de l’être humain passant par la violence jusqu’à atteindre la sexualité effrénée. Un récit transgressif doté d’une écriture amalgamée capable de dévoiler le contexte étouffant t du Maroc colonial et postcolonial.

Autres plumes littéraires d'expression française au Maroc ed. by Rabia Redouane

Reviewed by: Autres plumes littéraires d'expression française au Maroc ed. by Rabia Redouane Joan Listernick Redouane, Rabia, éd. Autres plumes littéraires d'expression française au Maroc. L'Harmattan, 2019. ISBN 978-2-343-16838-8. Pp. 274. This volume contains a series of critical essays on texts by Moroccan authors, chosen not only for the quality of their work, but for the fact that they are little known outside Morocco. In her introduction, Rabia Redouane points to the diversity and development of Moroccan literature, highlighting its reception by several critics (Marc Gontard, Abderrahman Tenkoul, Najib Redouane, Khalid Zekri, and Annie Devergnas-Dieumegard, [End Page 212] in particular). Redouane, the author of Femmes arabes et écritures francophones Machrek—Maghreb (2014), establishes the relationship between themes and style. She then succeeds in selecting essays that forefront this link. The thematic focus of the primary authors presented runs the gamut from the disenchantment of a lost youth to the condition of women in Morocco, taking into account the role of Islamic fundamentalism. Taken as a whole, the essays paint a picture of a contemporary Morocco, the troubling aspects of which preoccupy the authors. In one of the most interesting essays, Mimoso-Ruiz analyzes how Mokhtar Chaoui transforms the magical realism of Haitian literature to suit Moroccan culture. "[U]n printemps avec des rivières de sang et des montagnes de cadavres," writes Chaoui, referring to the Arab Spring. Mimoso-Ruiz also explains that Chaoui draws from the conventions of the fable and fairy tales to use animals as metaphors. In fact, this recycling of codes drawn from French and Francophone literature occurs in other texts examined in this volume. As mentioned in Mésavage's essay on Mohammed Laallaoui: "Aussi la mythologie grecque, le théâtre français classique, une légende marocaine et une certaine modernité dégradée se marient-ils pour créer un effet insolite et original qui lie le passé et le présent de trois cultures" (160). But such plurality of influences is used to express its own specific reality: the texts often find their inspiration in pan-African themes, even while resonating stylistically with European (and in particular, French and Francophone) texts. The critics in this volume do not seem to pick up on this distinction. This collection should be of interest to scholars of Maghrebi literature who want to broaden their corpus of study. As the essays are short and not meant to be an exhaustive study of the authors' works, they pique our interest without satiating it, and point in directions where new research would be fruitful. Thus, Redouane does succeed in enlarging the canon of Moroccan writers whose work deserves analysis. Joan Listernick Boston University (MA) Copyright © 2020 American Association of Teachers of French

Femininity, Masculinity, and Sexuality in Morocco and Hollywood: The Negated Sex

Femininity, Masculinity, and Sexuality in Morocco and Hollywood: The Negated Sex

Brain tumors in children: about 136 cases

Les tumeurs cérébrales sont les tumeurs solides les plus diagnostiquées chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans dans le monde. Toutefois, peu de publications ont rapporté le profil épidémiologique et anatomopathologique de ces tumeurs en Afrique et particulièrement au Maroc. Les auteurs rapportent les particularités épidémiologiques et anatomopathologiques des tumeurs cérébrales primitives de l'enfant dans la région de Marrakech (Sud du Maroc). C'est une étude rétrospective réalisée au service d'anatomie pathologique du CHU Mohammed VI de Marrakech de 2004 à 2016. Cent trente-six cas de tumeurs cérébrales primitives étaient diagnostiqués avec une moyenne de 11,33 cas par an. L'âge moyen était de 8,28 ans. Le sex-ratio (H/F) était de 1,6 avec une légère prédominance masculine. Ces tumeurs étaient infra-tentorielles dans 61,53% des cas et siégeaient en supra-tentoriel dans 38,47% des cas. A l'étage infra-tentoriel, les tumeurs des hémisphères cérebelleux occupaient le premier rang (61,4%). Parmi les dix-huit types histologiques diagnostiqués, l'astrocytome et le médulloblastome représentaient ensemble 46,32% (29,41% et 16,91% respectivement). Dans notre contexte, la majorité des tumeurs cérébrales de l'enfant prédominait dans les 2 groupes d'âge: 5-9 ans et 10-15 ans. Les résultats épidémiologiques de ces tumeurs au sud du Maroc concordent majoritairement avec ceux déjà publiés du Nord du pays et des autres pays non Africains.

Youssef Fadel’s re-imagination(s) of Moroccan testimonial literature: a book review essay

Youssef Fadel is a Moroccan creative writer whose prolific career has spanned over forty years. Born and raised in Casablanca, Fadel received literary acclaim in 2000 thanks to the publication of h...

Space, Identity, and Exile in Seventeenth-Century Morocco: The Case of Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan al-Yūsī

This article begins with the question of Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan al-Yūsī’s (1631-1691) relationship to a Moroccan national literature, opening onto an interpretation of two of his most famous texts written in exile. Al-Yūsī’s al-Risālah al-kubrā ilā Mawlāy Ismāʿīl and al-Muḥāḍarāt fī al-adab wa-l-lughah are interpreted as paradigmatic examples of seventeenth-century Moroccan literature and ideal vehicles to understand al-Yūsī’s relationship to place. Al-Risālah, a dialogue at a remove from its addressee, mixes invective and appeal for aid with subtle shifts in focalization between the misdeeds of the second-person addressee (Ismāʿīl) and al-Yūsī’s own suffering. In this text, the spaces for which the author longs encompass both his actual place of birth and the larger category of place it represents. Al-Yūsī identifies exclusively with an idealized vision of the countryside set in the distant past, complicating the possibility of his return. In al-Muḥāḍarāt, al-Yūsī adopts the medium of poetry, creating a poetic persona distinct from the authorial voice of his epistle. Here his spatial identity is more inclusive, extending to cover most of the territories of early modern Morocco. Through these two exilic texts, I examine the complex relationship al-Yūsī had with the country’s urban centers and rural landscapes and how this could, under certain circumstances, begin to reflect something that resembles a Moroccan national consciousness.