Personal Ethics Research Articles

Security and privacy oriented information security culture (ISC): Explaining unauthorized access to healthcare data by nursing employees

Protecting sensitive healthcare data is particularly challenging. Nursing employees are critical in protecting healthcare data since they make up a large portion of the healthcare workforce and have direct access to healthcare data. Information security culture (ISC) plays a prominent role in protection of healthcare data albeit their relationship remains unclear. In this study, we first define and operationalize two new dimensions of organizational ISC related to security and privacy. Then, a survey of Slovenian nursing employees (n = 527) was conducted to validate the measurement instrument and examine the associations between the newly developed ISC dimensions and unauthorized access to healthcare data by nursing employees based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The measurement instrument was first validated with an exploratory and then with a confirmatory factor analysis. Both analyses indicate adequate validity and reliability of the newly developed ISC dimensions. The results of PLS-SEM analysis show that security oriented ISC is negatively associated with subjective norm and normative beliefs while privacy oriented ISC is negatively associated with attitude towards behavior. Additionally, they indicate that TPB explains well unauthorized access to healthcare data. The results of our study thus indicate an indirect relation between ISC and unauthorized access to healthcare data. Awareness training is considered as essential means for ensuring proper practical implementations of ethical norms, such as privacy-preserving behavior, by nursing employees. Our study suggests that such awareness interventions may aim either to strengthen the social influence on nursing employees, their attitudes or both. Awareness interventions aiming to strengthen the social influence of nursing employees may focus on established organizational data protection practices and other important organizational values, norms, and accepted ways of working in an organization. Attitudes of nursing employees may be strengthened with awareness interventions focusing on their personal beliefs and ethics.

Policies of Spiritual and Moral Personality Education in Russia

Bu çalışmada Rusya’da manevi ve ahlaki kişilik eğitimi politikalarının karakteristik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma geleneğinde yer alan tek durum desenine göre şekillenen bu araştırma manevi ve ahlaki eğitim alanında nasıl bir politika izlediğini görmek açısından önem arz etmektedir. Ayrıca her dönemde ahlak eğitimi toplumu endişelendiren konular arasında yer almıştır. Günümüz açısından da durum farklı olmadığı için bu konuda karşılaştırmalı eğitim araştırmalarına zemin hazırlayabilecek çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Çünkü farklı ülkelerin manevi ve ahlaki eğitim birikimleri gerek yerel gerekse küresel düzlemde sorunların çözümüne ilham kaynağı olabilmektedir.
 Doküman incelemesi yöntemi ile ulaşılan sonuçlara göre SSCB sonrası dönemdeki gelişmeler manevi ve ahlaki kişilik eğitimini acil çözülmesi gereken sorun olarak gündeme taşımıştır. Bu bağlamda devlet politikalarını yansıtan konsept geliştirilmiştir. Söz konusu konsept devletin ahlaki değerlere verdiği önemi anlamak ve gelecekteki eğitim politikalarını şekillendirmek için önemli bir kılavuz niteliğindedir. Ayrıca ulusal eğitim idealini hayata geçirmenin güçlü bir aracıdır. Geliştirilen bu araçla manevi ve ahlaki kişilik eğitim konusunun eğitimin tüm özneleri ile ortaklaşa çözmek arzusunu görmek mümkündür.

The Limits of Virtue: Moral Psychology and Military Conduct

ABSTRACT Drawing on arguments in Doris (2002, 2022) [Lack of Character: Personality and Moral Behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Character Trouble: Undisciplined Essays on Moral Agency and Personality. Oxford: Oxford University Press], this essay argues that good character is typically an insufficient “bulwark” against misconduct in military organizations, for two reasons: (1) the situational sensitivity of behavior and (2) the relatively small effect sizes associated with personality variables. Additionally, what is known about moral development and education gives limited reason to think organizations are likely to have much success in inculcating reliably good character in their members. Instead, military organizations concerned to reduce misconduct should focus on developing organizational cultures structured by carefully crafted and assiduously enforced moral rules.

Peran Moderasi Religiusitas Terhadap Hubungan Antara Dimensi Fraud Pentagon Dengan Kecurangan Akademik

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of the Pentagon dimension of fraud on academic fraud. The sample in this study was UPBJJ-UT Ternate students who were conducting lectures during the Covid-19 period as many as 134 respondents. The sampling technique in this study used a saturated sample. Methods of data collection using a questionnaire (questionnaire). Data analysis using path coefficient analysis with the help of the Smart PLS program. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that 1) academic pressure affects academic fraud behavior; 2) opportunity does not affect academic fraud behavior; 3) rationalization affects academic fraud behavior; 4) the ability to influence academic fraud behavior; 5) personal ethics affect academic fraud behavior; Meanwhile, religiosity as a moderator does not affect the relationship between pressure, opportunity, rationalization, ability and personal ethics with academic fraud behavior. Although not large, based on the results of multi-group analysis, religiosity is proven to be moderate which will reduce the level of academic fraud. Religious students are more likely not to commit academic fraud, even though they are under pressure, have opportunities, rationalization, have abilities, and their ethics are still low. Efforts to prevent academic fraud that can be carried out at UPBJJ-UT Ternate include socialization activities that are classified as fraud and the sanctions, convincing students that fraud will be caught and will be announced, ensuring students are not in a situation where they work by fraud, showing evidence that all fraud is proven will be penalized, train students to be able to write without fraud and encourage students to have pride when acting under ethical teachings.

Цифровизация и искусственный интеллект в высшем образовании (социально-философский взгляд)

The purpose of this article is to analyze digitalization and artificial intelligence in higher education. The digital educational space is aimed at the development of creative thinking and creativity, the ability to make non-standard decisions and the education of a moral personality, socially responsible young professionals. The introduction of artificial intelligence into the educational process significantly changes the conditions and nature of its implementation. Artificial intelligence is able to analyze a large amount of data in real time, track human progress, automatically provide new materials, meet the needs of students in continuous learning, which contributes to the organization of a highly effective, personalized educational process.

MORAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH STUDENT PROSELYTIZING ORGANIZATION

Moral development plays an important role to be implemented among the University students because they will be the next generation to build this nation. One of the way to develop their moral is asking them to join Islamic organization, such as organization of Student Da'wah Institution in the University. The focus of this research is to investigate the moral development through the organization of Student Da 'wah Institutions in Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung. The approach of this research was qualitatively with descriptive method. The data were collected by observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The results of this research showed that moral built through the program were about emotional management, mentoring, Muslimah sharing, leadership, mental building for the homeless children, Ramadan week, Da'wah Dai'at, and social media. The programs are divided into daily program, weekly program, and monthly program. Moral development process consists of two processes. Those are General process for all of the students; and specialized process for members of the organization. The evaluation of moral development was done by non-test technique or observation. The effect of this program is the students have good moral value and personality.

CONTEMPLATION ON RELIGIOUS WORK ETHICS IN 'THE PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS' AND 'DOA YANG MENGANCAM'

The two films The Pursuit of Happyness (2006) and Doa yang Mengancam (2008) as the representations of Protestant and Muslim communities both demonstrate significant implications toward the dynamics of work ethics. The problem addressed by this comparison of two cinematic works is the influences of two different religious values on personal work ethics. The foundation of comparative literature paradigm is the idea that by studying literary works from various cultural and linguistic contexts, we can better understand how historical and cultural situations form human experiences--in this case, religious work ethics--occur. The aim of this research is to compare the representation of work ethics within the two main characters in the films as influenced by their respective religious values. The theory used for solving the case is Stuart Hall's (1997) representation theory by using the constructivism paradigm (symbolic, image, discursive, and myth function) with qualitative research method. The findings show that Chris, as a Protestant, has higher work ethics than Madrim, a young Muslim, according to Max Weber's Protestant Ethic principles. However, this situation has an impact on the Protestant’s attitude which is more materialistic than that of the Muslim which shows an equality between worldly wealth and good deeds in the afterlife.

ФОРМУВАННЯ МОРАЛЬНО-ПАТРІОТИЧНИХ ПОЧУТТІВ У ДІТЕЙ ПЕРДШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ

The actual problem of education is the moral and patriotic upbringing of the child was aimed at the formation of: value orientations, interests and needs, and a moral position. After all, at an early age, the foundations of the moral development of the individual are laid, and ideas, feelings, and habits are also developed, which direct its further improvement in the future life. In our country, the structure of education is focused primarily on the personality of the child and on the importance of creating the right conditions for his development. To date, the most important task of today's pedagogy is the formation of a highly moral personality through the education of moral feelings. The multifacetedness and significance of education and the instillation of these feelings in the formation of a child's personality caused close attention to research that is relevant in our modern time. In modern society, there is a discrepancy between the construction of the educational process within the framework of the implementation of the requirements of the educational program of the preschool education institution on moral and patriotic education and the insufficient methodological development of the problem of forming moral foundations and patriotic ideas in the personality of the preschool child. Therefore, gaps appear in the child's development, which are very difficult to compensate for at the next stages of education and upbringing. Accordingly, the article analyzes the approaches to understanding the concepts of "Morality" and "Patriotism" as one whole component and each concept separately in scientific and psychological and pedagogical literature. The content of the concept we are researching with its purpose and content is indicated and scientifically substantiated, the characteristic features of the formation of moral and patriotic feelings are highlighted, and their content is outlined as a key link in the field of education and training. The legal framework was considered. The specified features of the age we are studying and its characteristic nuances and characteristics. The concept of "moral and patriotic feelings" was considered through the prism of the three-dimensional model "Educator-ParentChildren" as a component of the studied category. The main problems and gaps in the educator's work are explained on the basis of the conducted research, which was substantiated and recorded in our article. Relevant methodical recommendations for parents and educators are provided. Our assumptions have been confirmed and recorded that the process of forming moral ideas should be complex, be present in all activities of preschoolers, and be carried out in specially organized classes. The prospects for further research into the issues that were recorded in our research and led to the writing of the article are outlined.

The value of work in the spiritual life of a woman according to Jadwiga Zamoyska and Maria Karłowska

The awareness that through work a woman participates in the work of creation is the deepest impulse to take up work in various sectors. Today we know that the role of work in women’s lives is huge and determines their place in society. Work is also a woman’s continuous personal development. Thanks to it, she acquires new skills, improves her competences and learns new things. Culture also plays an important role in the perception of work. Hence the need to promote the humanization of work, which was fought for at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, thus contributing to the development of humanity. The development taking place through work allows a woman to achieve a moral personality, which is a multiplication of her natural abilities for moral evaluation of a human being. The article indicates the need to combine work with the spiritual life of a woman, so that work leads her not only to improve things (products of work), but also to improve her internally as a person, therefore the moral and spiritual dimension of human work should be constantly restored (work as a spiritual and moral value). This current issue has been shown on the basis of the educational works of two women from Greater Poland — Jadwiga Zamoyska and Maria Karłowska — who lived at the turn of the last two centuries.

Philosophy is Lucid, Not for Thinkers Alone, Adopts Practical Ethics, Makes Better Individuals, and Helps Tolerate Uncertainties: An Incisive Review of Bertrand Russell’s ‘Philosophy for Laymen’

Philosophy has always had two different objects: to arrive at a theoretical understanding of the structure of the world; and to discover and disseminate the best possible way of an ethical life. Some philosophers have left no stone unturned so as to make their philosophical ideas quite accessible for a cosmopolitan audience, no matter whether they are called common people or laypeople; young or old. One of them is Russell who proves philosophy should no longer be confined to decorate the discussion tables at academic establishments and within the research university settings. It is not full of high sounding words, lengthy sentences and Jargon which can only be made out by intellectuals. It is no unattainable arcadia for commonality nor is it a serious discipline of study because it is strictly institutionalized. Bertrand Russell, a multi-faceted genius, has turned the table and dispelled the illusions and delusions and spilled the beans that philosophy is for everyone, as everyone is compared to a builder by HW Long Fellow in his poem, The Builders. The poet says that people need to be careful in spending their time on good things as what they do now affects their lives and others lives later. So they should use their time and thoughts to make their lives more meaningful. Here they build their lives, it may be individual, but individual contributions ultimately become collective contributions as personal ethics become interpersonal ethics and personal discipline leads to interpersonal discipline.

Educating Young People about Vulnerability to Sexual Exploitation: Safeguarding Practitioners’ Standpoints at the Intersections of Gender, Sexuality and Risk

Abstract This article discusses findings from a qualitative study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) awareness-raising programme targeted at young people. Drawing on data from in-depth interviews with practitioners involved in a multi-agency team established to reduce vulnerability to CSE, we elucidate that, in addition to being directed by professional codes, practitioners’ perceptions and judgements were also influenced by gendered assumptions and underlying anxieties about childhood sexuality. The empirical data presented suggest that attitudes towards young people and intervention decisions are partially steered by cultural values that connect not only to personal morals but also influence decisions made in conjunction with professional risk analytic frameworks. Our analysis indicates that broader investigation of the commingling of personal and professional values in safeguarding contexts is required, alongside the creation of protected spaces for professional reflection and dialogue amongst practitioners to support decision-making.

PEMBATASAN KRITERIA TIDAK MAMPU YANG WAJIB DIBERIKAN JASA HUKUM CUMA-CUMA OLEH NOTARIS BERDASARKAN PASAL 37 UNDANG UNDANG JABATAN NOTARIS

Article 37 of the Notary Office law mandates notaries to provide services free of charge to people who are in economically disadvantaged conditions. That is, this eligible party is not required to pay a fee. However, there are currently no rules that clearly define the criteria by which the degree of incapacity is measured. Therefore, setting standards to identify groups of people entitled to free services becomes complex. This study raises the issue of how the limitation of the criteria for free legal services against the provisions of Article 37 of the Notary Public Act? and how is the implementation of the provision of legal services to incapacitated persons? using Hans Kelsen's theory of legal effectiveness and Gustav Radbruch's theory of legal certainty. The method used in this study is normative legal research is legal research literature or secondary data with sources of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The approach used legislation approach, case approach, conceptual approach and analytical approach. And legal material collection techniques are carried out by identifying and inventorying positive legal rules, book literature, journals and other legal material sources, for legal material analysis techniques (interpretation) grammatical interpretation, systematic interpretation and legal construction methods. Based on the results of existing research, it was revealed that there are no official provisions that limit notaries in providing services to the underprivileged. This decision depends entirely on the personal ethics of notaries who are influenced by conscience, given their position as officials. In practice, notaries as usual serve all clients, including those in need of legal assistance in the field of notarization, with the notary's personal consideration of whether the free service is appropriate for the case at hand.

What are nurse practice assessors’ priorities when assessing student mental health nurses? A qualitative content analysis

BackgroundUK healthcare policy has observed over a decade of changes that has focussed on healthcare staffs’ professional values as a marker for safe, high-quality care In 2018 the regulatory body for nursing and midwifery introduced several new proficiencies, with an emphasis on physical health assessment. However, a global debate has since surfaced regarding the generification of nurse education, which has been thought to have eroded field specific skills in mental health nursing. AimTo explore the priorities of practice assessors, articulated within the open comments written within online practice assessment documents. MethodsA qualitative study was conducted, with data collected from comments made within online practice assessment documents relating to the ongoing assessment of student mental health nurses at one UK University. 26 individual sets of assessor comments were collected. An inductive content analysis was used to explore the nature of qualitative feedback provided to student mental health nurses, generated by mental health practice assessors. The COREQ checklist was used for the reporting of the study. ResultsFindings demonstrated that practice assessors were prioritising two core areas or broad-based skills categories: ‘transactional’ and ‘transformational’ competencies. Transactional competencies related to the practical application of specific tasks. Transformational competencies were commented on more frequently and placed emphasis on the students’ personal attributes and characteristics, and how these contribute to ‘good’ mental health nursing practice. ConclusionMental health nurses prioritise assessing student nurses in relation to their personal attributes, work ethic, and values that are congruent with humanist perceptions of mental health nursing.

“How Am I Responsible?”: Evangelical White Rage and Moral Injury in the Interpassive Perpetration of White-Body Supremacy

ABSTRACT Using the language of white rage as a term for the defensive reaction of white Americans to having one’s insular and central social location exposed and threatened, this paper explores the manifestation of white rage in American Evangelical Christian culture. Utilizing a focused psychoanalytic reflection and analysis, the authors explore the seeming unintelligible dissonance between the stated personal & communal morals of the white American Evangelical Church and the actions of its leaders and members regarding social and political responses to racism. Discussing how four interlocking theological particularities mask and sustain in-group identity at the expense of an other, the authors introduce and explore the concepts of perpetration-induced trauma and interpassivity and their intersection with whiteness, Linking identification to perpetration through the interpassive participation of inhabiting whiteness, the authors then articulate how the intolerable affective states of guilt and helplessness are defended against and theologically justified through the experience of white rage.

Art and Language in the Vision of Eugeniu Coseriu’s Integral Linguistics

In the present study, we address the conception of the philosopher and linguist Eugeniu Coseriu regarding culture and the common features between art and language, as constituents of culture, as well as the distinctive feature between them. With respect to culture, therefore - to art and language, the scholar claims that any human activity has its internal norm, a norm that implies a certain morality and a certain ethics of this activity. In art, the norm is not to make any concession to the empirical subject, which means that the universal subject in the person of the artist, who is also an ethical and moral person, should create in the way he/she considers, but not according to the taste of the public or of any party. These norms imply for culture and, respectively, for art and language, constancies such as: universality, non-dogmatics, tradition, national specificity, universal culture, culture in history, the relevance of culture, the duty of man of culture, of art, to the cultural situation of his community in history. In the matter of the differentiated characteristic between art and language, with the exclusion of poetic language, which is considered to be art in the conception of the great linguist, it is about the characteristic of the universal subject that excludes alterity in art, but which is specific to language. However, in the end, as far as art and poetic language are concerned, the existence of alterity is admitted on the condition that „the absolute self” addresses „the internalized self” of the creator in art.

Charting Professional Waters: Diary of a Young Psycho-Oncologist.

A young psycho-oncologist faces a moral dilemma, testing professional ethics against personal morals.

“Accidents will happen”: Dickens’s Comical Mishaps

Abstract: This article critically unpacks the complex narrative potential that mishaps fulfil in Dickens’s fiction. It parses the way comedy works in his depiction of the various accidents of daily life and explores how their shifting narrative functions influentially shaped the representation of personal misfortune and social ethics at a time that saw competing interpretative frameworks of why accidents happen. Situating Dickens’s fictional mishaps amidst the changing concepts of the accidental in the nineteenth century, I trace how he creates comedy based on pantomimic transformations in The Pickwick Papers , and how this mode continues to operate in his writing. Martin Chuzzlewit then marks a turning-point in prefiguring sensational representations of seeming household accidents. In Dickens’s later novels, the comedy of accidents shifts towards a parodic engagement with specific – individual and institutional – interpretations. Thus, in Little Dorrit , accidents and their misinterpretations comically complicate competing ideas of probability, misfortune, and poetic justice.

Doris Howes Calloway

This is the last in a series of 9 articles focusing on Doris Howes Calloway—A Woman Who Changed Nutrition Around the World. The pioneering “woman behind the science” is presented through the eyes of her students and associates. Her memorable humanitarian spirit, compassion, sensitivity, and the lens through which she viewed diversity, equity, and inclusion resonated with people worldwide. Her endearing personal qualities and professional ethics enhanced her stature as a trailblazing nutrition scientist, outstanding role model, exceptional mentor, and worldwide social justice benefactor in nutrition. Her students cherished the joy of knowing her and took pride in following in her footsteps.

Predicting Prosocial Personality, Other-Oriented Empathy, Helpfulness, and Social Exchange Styles Based on Value System

A deeper understanding and promotion of moral personality is achieved by understanding egoism better. To this end, this study investigates the associations between prosocial personality and social exchange styles based on a range of egoistic and altruistic values. The study has a descriptive-correlational design. Sampling was conducted using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Protocol Personality Battery, Social Exchange Styles Questionnaire, and Portrait Values Questionnaire and analysed using stepwise multiple linear regression and multi-dimensional scaling. Our findings show that conflicting predictive values in some exchange styles, which are close to the prosocial personality, could represent an egoistic-altruistic spectrum in those styles that supported the research hypothesis.

Conceptualization of the ideas of prosociality in the Russian humanitarian thought of the 19th century

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the demand for prosocial values while maintaining and developing the unity and cohesion of Russian society, as well as by the need to refer to the Russian historical experience, including aspects that have not attracted sufficient attention from researchers. This study aims to consider the genesis, evolution, and content of prosocial ideas in the Russian humanitarian thought of the 19th century. Materials and methods. The study used data from an extensive list of pedagogical, psychological, journalistic, philosophical, and other works of a number of prominent representatives of Russian humanitarian thought. The methodological base of the study included the principles of historicism, objectivity, connection, and continuity of phenomena and processes. The authors of the study analyzed the content of the ideas of prosociality in the Russian humanitarian thought of the 19th century from the standpoint of intellectual history. The study used such special methods of historical research as textological analysis, historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods. Results. The authors of the study traced the crystallization and comprehension of such prosocial categories as goodness, charity, kindness, altruism, social service, and others, as well as their role in the formation of a moral personality. In addition, the ideological origins and specific historical conditions for the development of prosocial ideas among the progressive public of the 19th century were revealed. Special attention was paid to the analysis of their views on the system of educating a person with developed prosocial qualities, which included not only theoretical aspects but also quite specific practical proposals. The study concluded that in the 19th century, against the background of the development and flourishing of social thought, there was an active and very fruitful theoretical understanding of a wide range of prosocial concepts. The ideological basis of these reflections were Orthodox values and traditional collectivist attitudes common in Russian society. Conclusion. As a result of the study, the concepts of “welfare”, “goodness”, “altruism”, “love”, and “social service” were for the first time systematically identified in the works of Russian intellectuals in the humanities of the 19th century as structural components of prosociality. The presence in the Russian intellectual tradition (cultural tradition) of the concept of goodness, being the theoretical basis for the introduction of prosociality into modern helping practices and behavior, was revealed. The presence of this concept predetermined the readiness of the Russian enlightened community of the 19th century to perceive the humanistic ideas of prosociality through its cultural code. For the first time, continuity between the Russian pre-revolutionary and modern traditions of the formation of prosociality in humanitarian thought was proven. It was identified that in the Russian public thought of the 19th century, the concept of goodness was understood as an active principle associated with broad social service in a wide variety of areas.