Molten Salt Method Research Articles

Cationic pre-insertion interlayer engineering of manganese dioxide for highly efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

Interlayer engineering of two-dimensional structural materials provides unique advantages for tuning the electromagnetic properties of metal oxides, injecting unlimited energy into the design of advanced two-dimensional metal oxide electromagnetic wave absorbers. In this study, Manganese dioxide intercalated with alkali metal ions was prepared by a simple molten salt method. The pre-intercalation of ions not only enhances the polarization loss at the heterogeneous interface between cations (point sites) and manganese dioxide (face sites) but also alters the energy band structure of manganese oxide and enhances its electrical conductivity, which in turn enhances the conductive loss of the manganese dioxide. Due to the synergistic effect of multiple polarizations and conductive losses, NaMO exhibits superb electromagnetic wave absorption properties and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.36 GHz at thinner matched thicknesses. In addition, the RCS simulation result further verifies the excellent electromagnetic wave absorption capability of NaMO. Under the positive incidence of electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic wave reflection intensity of the metal plate coated with NaMO is effectively reduced. Finally, this work establishes a new way to modulate the electromagnetic properties.

Molten salt induced strong interaction between Co3O4 and montmorillonite for the promoted peroxymonosulfate activation toward tetracycline degradation

Cobalt-based materials exhibit great premises for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) toward water remediation. Generally, active Co species are anchored on the surface of supports to improve the utilization efficiency, yet the stability of the catalyst is difficult to resolve due to the weak interaction between the active species and the support. Herein, a molten salt method is employed to reinforce the interfacial interaction between Co3O4 and montmorillonite (Mt) support. The use of molten Na3PO4 can mitigate the dehydroxylation process of Mt, and thus the electronic structure of Co3O4 NPs can be regulated by the surface hydroxyl species more efficiently. Consequently, the prepared Co3O4/Mt displays an enhanced CoII/CoIII ratio, and the degradation of tetracycline (TC) could reach 99% in 7 min by the PMS-based advanced oxidation process. Meanwhile, the TC removal efficiency can still reach 96% after 8 cycles, and the Co ion leaching is over 10 times lower as compared with the catalyst prepared not using the molten salt. This study highlights the significance of the molten salt method for enhancing the strong interfacial interaction, which is crucial to regulating the nature of supported catalysts, and provide satisfactory Co-based catalyst for PMS activation toward TC degradation.

Multicomponent Alloy Powders Synthesized via a Molten Salt Method and Their Electrocatalytic Performances for Seawater Electrolysis

Multicomponent Alloy Powders Synthesized via a Molten Salt Method and Their Electrocatalytic Performances for Seawater Electrolysis

Construction and toughening mechanism of B4C@TiB2 core–shell structural units inside the SiC ceramic

Core–shell structural B4C@TiB2 composite powders were synthesized via the molten salt method using micron-sized B4C and TiH2 powders as raw materials. Furthermore, a SiC composite ceramic with B4C@TiB2 core–shell structural units as the toughening phase was prepared by spark plasma sintering using SiC powder and the obtained B4C@TiB2 composite powder as starting powders. The effects of calcination temperature and raw material ratio on the phase compositions and microstructure of the B4C@TiB2 composite powders were studied, and the synthesis mechanism of the B4C@TiB2 composite powder was explored. The formation mechanism of B4C@TiB2 core–shell toughening units inside the SiC matrix was investigated, and the toughening mechanism of the SiC–B4C@TiB2 composite ceramic was discussed. Results show that the B4C@TiB2 core–shell units in the SiC matrix can induce a complex crack propagation mode and consume abundant crack propagation energy. Therefore, a high fracture toughness of 6.47 ± 0.32 MPa m1/2 is realized for the SiC–B4C@TiB2 composite ceramics.

Facile synthesis of BiNbO4@C composite as novel high-performance anode materials for long cycle life lithium-ion batteries

Bismuth-based materials are considered highly promising for lithium-ion batteries due to their appropriate lithiation potential and high theoretical capacity. In this study, a carbon-coated BiNbO4 composite was synthesized using the molten salt method combined with mechanical ball milling and explored as a novel anode material for lithium-ion batteries. After 300 cycles of testing, the composite electrode synthesized has a reversible capacity of 401 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1, which exceeds that of a commercial graphite anode. Moreover, the long-cycle stability experiments show that the reversible capacity of the BiNbO4@C composite is 220 mA h g−1 and 180 mA h g−1, with corresponding test parameters of 500 mA g−1 for 1200 cycles and 1000 mA g−1 for 1000 cycles, respectively. The findings of this research serve as a valuable guide for enhancing the utilization of this material in lithium-ion battery applications.

A New Sight on the Influence of Molten Salt in the Preparation of (Ta, Nb, Ti) C Nanopowder

The molten salt method (MSM) is an effective approach for obtaining multicomponent carbide nanopowders at low temperatures. However, the presence of impurities limits its application in the lower‐temperature domains. To address this issue, (Ta, Nb, Ti) C nanopowders are fabricated by the MSM at 1100–1400 °C, and the dual‐route synthesis mechanism is revealed. Results indicate that the synthesis temperature of pure (Ta, Nb, Ti) C nanopowders can be decreased with the addition of molten salt, which is determined by the formation and decomposition of the intermediates. During the synthesis process, the molten salt can provide the liquid‐phase environment for the combination reaction between metal powders and carbon, facilitating the formation of homogeneous and nanosized powders. Meanwhile, the molten salt reacts with impurities to generate intermediates including KTaO3 and K1.04Ti8O16 at low temperatures, which subsequently form carbides through thermal reduction. This transformation can decrease the energy barrier of the synthesis process.

Fabrication and physical properties of Na(Nb1-xSbx)O3 templates for the [001]-texturing of KNN-based ceramics

Na(Nb1-xSbx)O3 [N(N1-xSx)] templates were fabricated to texture the 0.96(Na0.5K0.5)(Nb1-ySby)O3-0.01BaZrO3-0.03(Bi0.5Ag0.5)ZrO3 [KN(N1-ySy)-BZ-BAZ] piezoceramics along the [001] direction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that fabricated these templates. Thus far, NaNbO3 (NN) templates have been utilized to texture KNN-modified piezoceramics; however, they produce many holes in the piezoceramics because of the dissolution of the NN templates during sintering. N(N0.9S0.1) templates with an average size of ∼18 μm were produced by the molten-salt and topochemical methods utilizing Bi2.5Na3.5(Nb0.9Sb0.1)5O18 precursors. Due to their high melting temperature, the N(N0.9S0.1) templates did not dissolve during sintering. Therefore, no holes were present in the KN(N0.95S0.05)-BZ-BAZ piezoceramic textured using the N(N0.9S0.1) templates. The piezoceramic textured using the N(N0.9S0.1) templates showed a large hardness (7.56 ± 0.26 GPa) and an elastic modulus (154 ± 5 GPa) similar to those of the untextured piezoceramic. However, the piezoceramic textured using the NN templates showed reduced hardness (5.94 ± 0.58 GPa) and elastic modulus (127 ± 14 GPa) because of the presence of the holes. The KN(N0.95S0.05)-BZ-BAZ piezoceramics textured using the N(N0.9S0.1) templates provided large d33 (740 pC/N) and kp (0.62) values. Cantilever-type piezoelectric energy harvesters (CPEHs) were produced using the KN(N0.95S0.05)-BZ-BAZ piezoceramic textured with N(N1-xSx) templates and the CPEH produced using the piezoceramic textured by N(N0.9S0.1) templates generated the largest power of 2.92 mW. Therefore, N(N0.9S0.1) is a promising template for the [001] texturing of KNN-based piezoceramics with good mechanical properties.

Polymorphism of Niobium Phosphate Bronze Na4Nb8P4O32 Deduced by the Packings of Structural Units: A Centrosymmetric Phase.

Herein, a new centrosymmetric phase Na4Nb8P4O32 (referred to as CS-Na4Nb8P4O32) was obtained by a molten salt method, which is a polymorph of niobium phosphate bronze Na4Nb8P4O32. CS-Na4Nb8P4O32 displays high structural similarity to the noncentrosymmetric Na4Nb8P4O32 phase (referred to as NCS-Na4Nb8P4O32): Distorted NbO6 octahedra are corner-coordinated to form ReO3-type layers, which are further joined together by isolated PO4 tetrahedra. However, two polymorphous phases adopt different packings of structural units, resulting in distinct symmetries. NbO3 layers and PO4 tetrahedra are reversely arranged along the crystallographic a direction in CS-Na4Nb8P4O32, thereby producing a centrosymmetric structure. The reverse packing cancels out all contributions of dipole moments originating from the distorted NbO6 octahedra; NCS-Na4Nb8P4O32 exhibits the C2-rotation distribution of NbO3 layers and PO4 tetrahedra, thus generating a noncentrosymmetric and polar structure. The C2-rotation packing of structural units brings a constructive addition of the dipole moments, further obtaining large calculated independent second harmonic generation susceptibilities. The study of structural evolution deduced by the packings of structural units in polymorphous Na4Nb8P4O32 might provide valuable insights into polymorphism and structural regulation.

Synthesis and formation mechanism of Ti3C2Clx MXene by molten salt method

MXene is a novel two-dimensional nano material with exceptional performance, which can be applied in the fields of energy storage structural materials, optics, catalysis, and sensors etc. However, its synthesis is a challenge to date. From the perspective of environmental friendliness, the method of Lewis salt etching can effectively avoid the use of dangerous reagents and has been seen as a pollution-free economic approach. In this article ZnCl2 molten salt was chosen as corrosive agent to etch Ti3AlC2 MAX phase and investigated the synthesis mechanism of Ti3C2Clx MXene. The influence of main process factor, like raw materials, sintering temperature, and holding time on synthesis product were studied and discussed. The synthesis route was investigated by XRD and thermal analysis. SEM and TEM technology was used to analyze the microstructure and lattice of synthesis product. The results showed that the optimal process conditions: the molar ratio of raw materials was 1:6 (Ti3AlC2: ZnCl2), the synthesis temperature and holding time were 600～700 °C and 4 h, respectively. Ti3C2Clx MXene material prepared by this method has a complete layered structure and uniform composition, and its synthesis mechanism can be concluded to two steps: the first step was the reaction between Ti3AlC2 MAX phase and ZnCl2 to generate Ti3ZnC2 MAX phase; In the second step, the Ti3ZnC2 MAX phase reacted with the remaining ZnCl2 to generate Ti3C2Clx MXene material.

Insights into iron-induced structural changes in N-rich biochar for facilitating efficient organic pollutants removal by peroxymonosulfate activation: Cooperation of enrichment and degradation

Naturally nitrogen in waste biomass can be turned into a valuable “treasure”. This work utilized soybean dregs as precursor, successfully fabricated iron-modified N-rich biochar (denoted as Fen-BDBC) catalysts via a green molten salt (KCl/NaCl) method. The physical and chemical changes of biochar substrate after iron modification were explored, combined Fenton-like reactions to establish structure–activity relationship between active sites and organic pollutants degradation. With iron induction, the hybrid structures of biochar could be transformed from sp3 to sp2 more easily, which enhanced its hydrophobicity and promoted interfacial electron-transfer efficiency. Pyridinic N and pyrrolic N structures were protected by the formation of Fe-N, which could participate in the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and catalyst-PMS*. Fe0.1-BDBC/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system achieved 100 % nonradical bisphenol A (BPA) removal by cooperation of surface-confined enrichment and degradation. The contributions of electron-transfer processes (ETP), 1O2, and Fe(IV)=O were 58.3 %, 29.3 %, and 12.4 %, respectively. C=O/O-C=O, pyrrolic N, and Fe-N promoted 1O2 formation, C=C enhanced ETP, while pyridinic N played a dual role. The normalized apparent rate constant (kN, min−1 × 10−3) was calculated to be 31.96, which was superior among biochar-derived catalysts. Fe0.1-BDBC was loaded onto PVDF membrane for continuous and efficient degradation of BPA (nearly 100 % during 36 h operation). This work provided new insights for effective regulation of biochar-based catalysts.

High-Entropy Alloy Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5 Prepared from High-Entropy Oxide (Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5)3O4 by a Deoxidation Process via a CaH2-Assisted Molten Salt Method

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted a great deal of research interest these days because of their attractive properties. Low-temperature chemical synthesis methods are being developed to obtain nanoscale HEAs with low energy consumption. In this study, we prepared HEA Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5 nanoparticles from high-entropy oxide (HEO) (Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5)3O4 by a deoxidation process via a CaH2-assisted molten salt method at 600 °C. X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrated that the oxide precursor and the reduced product have single-phases of spinel structure and face-centered cubic structures, indicating the formation of HEO and HEA, respectively. The HEA nanoparticles exhibited superior catalytic performance in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol at room temperature with little leaching of the component elements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) exhibited a good distribution of constituent elements over the HEA nanoparticles in a micro-sized range. However, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with EDX revealed a slight deviation of elemental distributions of Al and Ti from those of Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni in a nano-sized range, probably due to the incomplete reduction of aluminum and titanium oxides. The elemental homogeneity in the HEA nanoparticles could be improved by taking advantage of the HEO precursor with homogeneous elemental distributions, but the experimental results suggested the importance of the total reduction of oxide precursors to prepare homogeneous HEAs from HEOs.

Effect of multi-interface electron transfer on water splitting and an innovative electrolytic cell for synergistic hydrogen production and degradation

The cleaning and utilization of industry wastewater are still a big challenge. In this work, we mainly investigate the effect of electron transfer among multi-interfaces on water electrolysis reaction. Typically, the CoS2, Co3S4/CoS2 (designated as CS4-2) and Co3S4/Co9S8/CoS2 (designated as CS4-8-2) samples are prepared on a large scale by one-step molten salt method. It is found that because of the different work functions (designated as WF; WF(Co3S4) = 4.48eV, WF(CoS2) = 4.41eV, WF(Co9S8) = 4.18 eV), the effective heterojunctions at the multi-interfaces of CS4-8-2 sample, which obviously improve interface charge transfer. Thus, the CS4-8-2 sample shows an excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity (134 mV/10 mA cm−2, 40 mV dec−1). The larger double-layer capacitance (Cdl = 17.1 mF cm−2) of the CS4-8-2 sample indicates more electrochemical active sites, compared to the CoS2 and CS4-2 samples. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation proves that due to interface polarization under electric field, the multi-interfaces effectively promote electron transfer and regulate electron structure, thus promoting the adsorption of OH− and dissociation of H2O. Moreover, an innovative norfloxacin (NFX) electrolytic cell (EC) is developed through introducing NFX into the electrolyte, in which efficient NFX degradation and hydrogen production are synergistically achieved. To reach 50 mA cm−2, the required cell voltage of NFX-EC has decreased by 35.2%, compared to conventional KOH-EC. After 2h running at 1 V, 25.5% NFX was degraded in the NFX EC. This innovative NFX-EC is highly energy-efficient, which is promising for the synergistic cleaning and utilization of industry wastewater.

Loading of Single Atoms of Iron, Cobalt, or Nickel to Enhance the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide.

The rational design of advanced electrocatalysts at the molecular or atomic level is important for improving the performance of hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) and replacing precious metal catalysts. In this study, we describe the fabrication of electrocatalysts based on Fe, Co, or Ni single atoms supported on titanium carbide (TiC) using the molten salt method, i.e., TiC-FeSA, TiC-CoSA, or TiC-NiSA, to enhance HER performance. The introduction of uniformly distributed transition-metal single atoms successfully reduces the overpotential of HERs. Overpotentials of TiC-FeSA at 10 mA cm-2 are 123.4 mV with 61.1 mV dec-1 Tafel slope under acidic conditions and 184.2 mV with 85.1 mV dec-1 Tafel slope under alkaline conditions, which are superior to TiC-NiSA and TiC-CoSA. TiC samples loaded with transition-metal single atoms exhibit high catalytic activity and long stability under acidic and basic conditions. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the introduction of transition-metal single atoms effectively reduces the HER barrier of TiC-based electrocatalysts.

Recycling of LiCoO2 from the cathode of a waste lithium battery via reduction in a molten salt

A new method for recycling and resynthesizing a lithium battery cathode material was developed. A LiCl-KCl molten salt was used as a medium. The raw materials were LiOH·H2O obtained by membrane electrolysis and Co2O3 obtained by carbothermal reduction, and the high-performance cathode material LiCoO2 was synthesized by molten salt method, and then placed into a battery for recycling. The specific reaction process and reaction kinetics for the LiCoO2 synthesis were studied by TG-DSC thermal analyses. The effects of different reaction conditions on the structure and morphology of the LiCoO2 were studied by XRD and SEM. The battery performance of the LiCoO2 was characterized with electrochemical analyses. The activation energies of the three endothermic reactions occurring in the synthetic process were calculated with the Kissinger method and were 34.212 kJ·mol−1, 168.53925 kJ·mol−1 and 221.26181 kJ·mol−1. The experimental battery prepared from a LiCoO2 sample calcined at 720 °C for 7 h showed first charge–discharge specific capacities of 150 mAh/g and 147 mAh/g, and the coulombic efficiency was 98%. The discharge specific capacity after 50 charge and discharge cycles was still 129 mAh/g. The battery showed good charge and discharge performance after rate cycling.

Recent Progress and Synthetic Methods for Single-crystalline Cathode in Lithium-ion Batteries

Ni-rich layered transition metal oxides have been regarded as the most feasible way for achieving high energy density of lithium-ion batteries. Conventional Ni-rich cathodes are composed of spherical secondary particles, consisting of numerous primary particles. Unfortunately, the grain boundaries in the polycrystalline structure are vulnerable to the pulverization, leading to microcracks during cycling. The newly exposed surface from the microcrack can induce undesirable side reactions with the electrolyte, which severely deteriorates the battery performance. On the other hand, single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes have gained significant attention for industrial applications due to their robust mechanical strength, resulting from the elimination of grain boundaries. The improved mechanical properties of single-crystalline cathodes effectively mitigate the interfacial side reactions, thereby attaining superior structural, thermal, and electrochemical performance. Herein, we have introduced various synthetic methods of the single-crystalline cathode, encompassing not only high-temperature sintering and the molten-salt method for the Ni-rich cathode but also the other strategies for different single-crystalline cathode materials. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of single-crystalline cathode synthesis, with implications for the development of high-performance cathode materials.

Development of unsupported IrO2 nano-catalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyser applications

IrO2 is a current state-of-the-art catalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyser (PEMWE) applications due to its high stability during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, its activity needs to be significantly improved to justify the use of such a high-cost material. In this study, the activity of the IrO2 catalyst was improved by optimising and comparing two synthesis methods: the modified Adams fusion method (MAFM) and the molten salt method (MSM). Optimum OER performances of the IrO2 catalysts synthesised with the two synthesis methods were obtained at different temperatures. For the MAFM, a synthesis temperature of 350 °C produced the IrO2 catalyst with an overpotential of 279 mV and the highest OER stability of ~ 82 h at 10 mAcm−2. However, for the MSM, the lowest overpotential of 271 mV was observed for IrO2 synthesised at 350 °C, while the highest stability of ~ 75 h was obtained for the IrO2 synthesised at 500 °C.

Distinct phase-selective corrosions of Ti-48Al alloy in aqueous electrolyte and molten salt

Corrosion of Ti-48Al alloys, consisting of γ-TiAl phase and α2-Ti3Al phase in lamellar structures, has been studied by electrochemical method at room temperature and molten salt method at elevated temperatures, respectively. Morphological, crystallographic, and microstructural studies provide direct evidence for γ-phase selective etching by the electrochemical corrosion at room temperature. In contrast, α2-phase selective etching of the Ti-48Al alloy occurred during molten salt corrosion, alongside α2-to-γ phase transformations at elevated temperatures. The distinct corrosion behaviors have been discussed and attributed to different chemical and physical properties between γ-TiAl and α2-Ti3Al phases within the Ti-48Al alloy.

Ultrathin amorphous NaIrRuOx nanosheets with rich oxygen vacancies for efficient acidic water oxidation

Developing highly active and durable catalysts for H2O/O2 conversion is particularly important in water electrolyzers for renewable hydrogen energy. Herein, we prepared ultrathin amorphous NaIrRuOx nanosheets (NSs) with a thickness of 1.2 nm with a large number of oxygen vacancies using a simple molten salt method. The NaIrRuOx NSs exhibits a low overpotential (η10, 10 mA cm−2) of 214 mV, and 8.6 and 45.7 times enhanced mass activitynoble metal at 1.53 V vs. RHE, as compared to the commercial RuO2 and IrO2, respectively. Furthermore, the NaIrRuOx NSs shows excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance in acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as confirmed by a negligible potential increase after 100 h of continuous electrolysis. In a homemade PEMWE, a membrane electrode using NaIrRuOx NSs as the anode catalyst can achieve cell voltages of 1.74 V at 1 A cm−2 and operate stably at 1 A cm−2 for 350 h. Theoretical calculations indicated that the intercalation of Na+ into IrRuOx weakens the adsorption strength of OER intermediates, thus reducing the energy consumption in the conversion from O* to OOH*, and thus significantly improving the OER performance.

Heterogeneous-Structured Molybdenum Diboride as a Novel and Promising Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

With the development of electric vehicles, exploiting anode materials with high capacity and fast charging capability is an urgent requirement for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Borophene, with the merits of high capacity, high electronic conductivity and fast diffusion kinetics, holds great potential as anode for LIBs. However, it is difficult to fabricate for the intrinsic electron-deficiency of boron atom. Herein, heterogeneous-structured MoB2 (h-MoB2) with amorphous shell and crystalline core, is prepared by solid phase molten salt method. As demonstrated, crystalline core can encapsulate the honeycomb borophene within two adjacent Mo atoms, and amorphous shell can accommodate more lithium ions to strengthen the lithium storage capacity and diffusion kinetics. According to theoretical calculations, the lithium adsorption energy in MoB2 is about -2.7 eV, and the lithium diffusion energy barrier in MoB2 is calculated to be 0.199 eV, guaranteeing the enhanced adsorption capability and fast diffusion kinetic behavior of Li+ ions. As a result, h-MoB2 anode presents high capacity of 798 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1, excellent rate performance of 183 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1 and long-term cyclic stability for 1200 cycles. This work may inspire ideas for the fabrication of borophene analogs and two-dimensional metal borides.

Enhancing electromagnetic wave absorption performance through construction of three-dimensional multilayered SiCw/Y3Si2C2/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composites

In this study, three-dimensional (3D) multilayer electromagnetic wave absorbing (EMWA) materials SiCw/Y3Si2C2/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 were fabricated for the first time. A two-dimensional (2D) Y3Si2C2 coating was synthesized onto the one-dimensional (1D) SiCw surface by the molten salt method. Subsequently, one layer of zero-dimensional (0D) Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles was deposited onto the Y3Si2C2 coating surface via hydrothermal reaction. The microstructure and electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism of SiCw/Y3Si2C2/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 were systematically investigated. The introduction of 2D Y3Si2C2 and 0D Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 enhanced impedance matching and provided abundant heterogeneous interfaces, thus leading to interface polarization loss. Owing to the promoted impedance matching and superb attenuation capacity, 3D multilayered SiCw/Y3Si2C2/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composites exhibit superior EMWA performance in comparison with origin SiCw. For the SiCw/Y3Si2C2/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composites, their minimum reflection loss (RLmin) can be achieved −43.95 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 4.08 GHz when the thickness is 2.12 mm. This study could pave a reference for the investigation of multi-dimensional hybrid structure EMWA material.