System Module Research Articles

Two-stage coordinated optimal dispatching model and benefit allocation strategy for rural new energy microgrid

To aggregate rural biomass energy, distributed power supply, flexibility load, and other resources, a novel structure of the rural Biomass-derived Fuel -based new energy microgrid (BDF-NEM) is proposed. It includes the Biomass Waste Conversion System (BWS), Distributed Renewable Energy (DRE), and Flexible Load Cluster (FLC). The two-stage scheduling optimization framework is designed for the BDF-NEM, minimizing operating costs in the Day-ahead phase and system deviation costs in the Intra-day phase. Uncertainty analysis of wind power plant (WPP) and photovoltaic generators (PV) is conducted using Latin hypercube sampling and the Kantorovich distance approach. To guarantee the equitable allocation of benefits, a benefit allocation mechanism grounded in the enhanced Sharp value approach takes into account operational risks. The analysis of a rural area in northern China demonstrates: (1) After BDF - NEM joined the tiered carbon trading mechanism, although it increased carbon trading costs by 31.27 %, wind power and photovoltaic output increased by 36.08 %, improving new energy consumption; (2) The two-stage scheduling optimization model with daily plan and daily correction can effectively alleviate the deviation caused by wind and solar uncertainty. Although the adjustment cost is 3966.41 yuan, it can avoid the penalty of load loss; (3) The improved benefit allocation based on the Shapley value method reflects the marginal contribution of each system module at the risk level, and when the system modules cooperate with each other, the return is 18.17 % higher than when operating alone, effectively stimulating the enthusiasm to participate in transactions. In summary, the BDF NEM proposed in this article can improve the utilization rate of wind and solar energy, promote the low-carbon development of rural power plants, and achieve local resource allocation in rural areas.

Synergistic Analysis of Lung Cancer's Impact on Cardiovascular Disease Using ML-Based Techniques.

Cancer patients are known to have a higher likelihood of developing Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) compared to non-cancer individuals. Although various types of cancer can contribute to the onset of CVD, lung cancer is inherently linked with increased susceptibility. To bridge this hypothesis, we propose a Lung cancer detection and Cardiovascular Disease Prediction (LCDP) system through lung Computed Tomography (CT) scan images. The lung cancer detection module of the LCDP system utilizes Transfer Learning (TL) with AdaDenseNet for classification. It employs the improvised Proximity-based Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (Prox-SMOTE), improving accuracy. In the CVD prediction module, the feature extraction was performed using the VGG-16 model, followed by classification using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The impact and interdependence of lung cancer on CVD were evident in our evaluation, with high accuracies of 98.28% for lung cancer detection and 91.62% for CVD prediction.

A Real Time Face Recognition and Tracking Framework Using Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network

Human face recognition and tracking (FRT) plays a vital role in various fields, including security, authentication, and human-computer interaction. The main modules of the FRT system are detection, feature extraction, and FRT. Using a database, these units recognize faces as well as their location, movement, and visible features. The framework aims to process large visual data in real-time, enabling accurate and fast FRT. The paper develops a real-time FRT framework using a lightweight CNN convolutional neural network to accurately match images of faces and environments with different illumination and expression differences to improve performance. This paper focused on the development of real-time facial recognition and tracking systems. The model used to achieve this is based on deep learning (DL) using a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) and post-feature extraction using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) experiments demonstrate that DL with lightweight CNN models provides a good solution for FRT tasks, even in challenging situations including changes in position, expression, illumination, and occlusion. The results of CNN-based DL were compared with several experiments. The model was also compared with many modern methods and achieved better results. The lightweight CNN model for DL outperformed it 100% of the time. When the split rate is 70:30 and the learning rate is 0.001, the epoch is 100. This demonstrates the dominance of DL over other techniques and shows how well it handles FRT tasks using lightweight and even real-time CNN methods.

Evaluacija funkcije unutrašnje kontrole kvaliteta automatskog biohemijskog analizatora Kehua Polaris c2000

Background: The present study aims to (1) evaluate the autoanalyser quality control (QC) module of the Kehua Polaris c2000 automatic modularised biochemical analyser and (2) verify the impact of the analyser's automatic implementation of internal QC (IQC) testing at a set time point on the results of IQC and turnaround time (TAT). Methods: For 5 consecutive days, three different methods were used to conduct IQC. Method 1: Internal QC was carried out at 8:00 every day. Method 2: The QC products were placed in the instrument calibration QC plate in the afternoon, and the instrument was set to measure the products at 7:00 the next day automatically. Method 3: The QC products were placed in the instrument calibration QC plate, and the instrument was set up for automatic measurement at 7:30 every day. All three methods were compared and evaluated. The effect of IQC on the TAT was monitored using method 2. Results: There were no statistical differences in the IQC results between methods 2 and 1. However, there were statistical differences in some items between methods 3 and 1; thus, the IQC results of method 2 can be adopted. Implementing method 2 for IQC can help achieve a significant TAT-saving of 35.23 min during the automatic retest process after the IQC indicates an out-of-control situation. This time reduction is highly valuable for improving efficiency and streamlining the testing workflow. Conclusions: Using the autoanalyser QC module of the Kehua Polaris c2000 automatic modular biochemical analysis system to perform IQC has no impact on the IQC test results and can save TAT, as well as automatically correct most out-of-control occurrences.

ОЦЕНКА ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПЛОСКОРЕМЕННОЙ ПЕРЕДАЧИ, РАССЧИТАННЫХ В МОДУЛЕ АРМ TRANS СИСТЕМЫ АРМ WINMACHINE, ПРИ ИЗМЕНЯЮЩИХСЯ КИНЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ

An analysis was made of the flat-belt transmission parameters calculated in the APM Trans module of the APM WinMachine system. In the calculation methodology, traction capacity (reliability of adhesion of the belt to the pulley) and durability, determined by the fatigue strength of the belt, are taken as criteria for transmission performance. In accordance with this, the design calculation is made for traction capacity depending on the operating conditions of the transmission (with changing gear ratios), and the verification calculation is made for durability. Analysis of the calculation results shows that the geometric parameters of the flat belt transmission and the force dependencies for the calculated belt thicknesses did not change at the given gear ratios. In this case, the calculated belt thicknesses are the determining parameters in the recommendations for choosing the minimum diameters of the drive pulleys. To organize the operation of the transmission, it is necessary to ensure pre-tension of the belt, while the driving and driven branches will experience the same force. The results of calculating the power parameters of the transmission show that with an increase in the transmission ratio, the pre-tensioning force and the load on the shafts and supports decrease. After applying the transmitted working load, a redistribution of tension occurs in the belt branches: when the flexible element runs around the drive pulley, its tension decreases, and on the driven pulley it increases. The force parameters were calculated using recommendations taking into account the equilibrium of the pulleys and Euler's equations. Calculations have established that various physical approaches at a certain friction coefficient and sliding arc length give comparable results (relative error no more than 2.4%). A durability test based on the results of a computer calculation revealed that the maximum stresses of the belt endurance limit were exceeded (the strength of the flexible element depends on the thickness and width of the belt). It is shown that in order to meet the strength condition, it is necessary to make adjustments to the design calculation: take the belt width from a number of standard sizes in the direction of increasing values. Strength calculations based on adjusted geometric dimensions determined the areas of use of flat belt drives.

MEN: Mutual Enhancement Networks for Sign Language Recognition and Education.

The performance of existing sign language recognition approaches is typically limited by the scale of training data. To address this issue, we propose a mutual enhancement network (MEN) for joint sign language recognition and education. First, a sign language recognition system built upon a spatial-temporal network is proposed to recognize the semantic category of a given sign language video. Besides, a sign language education system is developed to detect the failure modes of learners and further guide them to sign correctly. Our theoretical contribution lies in formulating the above two systems as an estimation-maximization (EM) framework, which can progressively boost each other. The recognition system could become more robust and accurate with more training data collected by the education system, while the education system could guide the learners to sign more precisely, benefiting from the hand shape analysis module of the recognition system. Experimental results on three large-scale sign language recognition datasets validate the superiority of the proposed framework.

Multi-dimensional analysis of financial accounting information and construction of decision support systems

Abstract Financial information is the core information of modern enterprises, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of enterprises. Based on the cost variance accounting model, the comprehensive budget management model, and the financial crisis early warning model, the financial information decision support system was constructed. Company S was selected for case analysis, and three modules in the decision-making system were used to analyze the company’s operating costs, overall budget management, and financial situation. Among the seven work centers of Company S, the consumption costs of the semi-finished product center and the procurement center account for the highest proportion, reaching more than 50% of the total manufacturing cost. Acquisition operations, raw material processing operations, semi-finished product operations, packaging operations, and quality inspection operations are some of the value-added operations of The Company. The operation efficiency of the procurement center, quality inspection center, maintenance center, and storage center is not high. Raw material processing centers, semi-finished product centers, and packaging centers are highly efficient. In 2022, the net profit of Company S will be -1.7592 million yuan, and the total profit will be -2.7418 million yuan. Management and selling expenses are exceeding the budget. The probability of financial risk was 82.35% and 88.46%, respectively. The company is facing serious financial risks due to its declining corporate sales, solvency, difficult capital turnover, and severe financial risks.

Application of embedded systems in electrical engineering automation and energy-saving design

Abstract With the advancement of embedded systems, their application across diverse sectors has notably expanded. This paper delineates the fundamental architecture of embedded systems and separately engineers the hardware and software components for an energy-efficient embedded system tailored for electrical engineering automation. The focus is placed on the energy-saving control module of the embedded system, which incorporates fuzzy logic with a PID control algorithm to produce definitive signal outputs. Building upon this foundation, the performance of this enhanced algorithm was evaluated and subsequently implemented in the tunnel lighting electrical engineering project. The findings reveal that the embedded system-controlled lighting setup can adjust the tunnel entrance and mouth lighting based on external luminance levels, maintaining daily energy consumption at approximately 550 kWh with an energy savings rate reaching as high as 51% per day. This study affirms the substantial potential of embedded systems in advancing energy-efficient solutions within electrical engineering automation.

Обоснование конструкции поливного модуля системы капельного орошения плодовых садов

Purpose: to determine the parameters and justification of the design of the irrigation module of the drip irrigation system for orchards. Materials and methods. Typical crop planting patterns in an orchard, microclimatic, soil and technological conditions of drip irrigation are considered as initial factors. The results of the study were obtained in the process of methods and recommendations generalizing for predicting the technological parameters of a drip irrigation network. Results and discussion. As a result of the research, a methodology to justify the design of the irrigation module, which provides for establishing: the area of the crop nutrition zone; coefficient determining the area of the nutrition zone to be moistened; diameter and area of the horizontal projection of the soil moisture contour; the number of moisture contours and emitters ensuring their formation; diagrams for placing emitters in the plant nutrition zone was developed. As a criterion for choosing the design of an irrigation module, the ratio of the area of moistened soil space required for cultivating plants and the area of drip soil moisture zones formed by the irrigation module is taken. The methodology was tested on an irrigation module in single- and double-line versions. Conclusions. A single-line irrigation module meets the needs of perennial fruit crops in areas with a natural moisture coefficient of 1.0, and in rare combinations of conditions with a coefficient of 0.8. The double-line irrigation module consistently provides the required soil moisture area in areas with a natural moisture coefficient ≥ 0.6 and cannot form the required moisture area for the nutrition zone of fruit crops in areas with a moisture coefficient of 0.4. For drip irrigation of perennial fruit crops in areas with a moisture coefficient ≤ 0.6, it is proposed to use an irrigation module with three drip lines.

A conserved C-terminal domain of TamB interacts with multiple BamA POTRA domains in Borreliella burgdorferi.

Lyme disease is the leading tick-borne infection in the United States, caused by the pathogenic spirochete Borreliella burgdorferi, formerly known as Borrelia burgdorferi. Diderms, or bacteria with dual-membrane ultrastructure, such as B. burgdorferi, have multiple methods of transporting and integrating outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Most integral OMPs are transported through the β-barrel assembly machine (BAM) complex. This complex consists of the channel-forming OMP BamA and accessory lipoproteins that interact with the five periplasmic, polypeptide transport-associated (POTRA) domains of BamA. Another system, the translocation and assembly module (TAM) system, has also been implicated in OMP assembly and export. The TAM system consists of two proteins, the BamA paralog TamA which has three POTRA domains and the inner membrane protein TamB. TamB is characterized by a C-terminal DUF490 domain that interacts with the POTRA domains of TamA. Interestingly, while TamB is found in almost all diderms, including B. burgdorferi, TamA is found almost exclusively in Proteobacteria. This strongly suggests a TamA-independent role of TamB in most diderms. We previously demonstrated that BamA interacts with TamB in B. burgdorferi and hypothesized that this is facilitated by the BamA POTRA domains interacting with the TamB DUF490 domain. In this study, we utilized protein-protein co-purification assays to empirically demonstrate that the B. burgdorferi TamB DUF490 domain interacts with BamA POTRA2 and POTRA3. We also observed that the DUF490 domain of TamB interacts with the accessory lipoprotein BamB. To examine if the BamA-TamB interaction is more ubiquitous among diderms, we examined BamA-TamB interactions in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (St). Interestingly, even though St encodes a TamA protein that interacts with TamB, we observed that the TamB DUF490 of St interacts with BamA in this organism. Our combined findings strongly suggest that the TamB-BamA interaction occurs independent of the TamA component of the TAM protein export system.

A cloud infrastructure for enabling provision of the Material Testing as a Service (MTaaS)

This paper focuses on a ‘cloud infrastructure’ (MTaaS) that has been developed to support and coordinate integrated services and supply chain management. This will enable the seamless operation of a dynamic and adaptive system providing customer-centred material testing services. The cloud system is designed not only for decision making regarding the evaluation of the situations brought by industry and translating them into upscaling, characterisation and service workflows, but also for promoting existing products, improving facility usage and providing expertise consultancy. The development of MTaaS involves specifying the cloud infrastructure requirement, defining the back-end and front-end system architecture and modules, and outlining the operation fields of each module along with associated terminology, parameters and contents. This includes handling material testing service registration, verification, marketing, composition, preparation, offering, processing, monitoring as well as customer inquiries, monitoring and feedback. These efforts make MTaaS integrate product, service and customer-related information into a single platform, encompassing necessary operation related data, customer related data, inventory data and supply chain data.

Modeling of the curvilinear motion of a vehicle with all steer wheels

Developed simulation model of the curvilinear motion of the two-axial wheel carrier with all steer wheels. The model includes the motion of the wheel carrier’s center of mass with respect to the moving coordinate system, the matrix of the directional cosines for the transition from a moving to the fixed coordinate system, the bearing and running module for the determination of the reactions in the flat spot of the wheel tire with the bearing surface area, and the mechanism for turning steer wheels. The aim is to study vehicle steerability and dexterity of the two-axial wheel carrier with all steer wheels via modeling in the MATLAB Simulink. Parameters obtained show the application effectiveness of the steering control with all steer wheels for the two-axial wheel carrier. Results obtained can be applied to the constructional design of a vehicles for the determination of the optimal parameters of a steering configuration. Developed simulation model of the vehicle can become a basis for the modeling of vehicles’ motion equipped with the control system of the air pressure in tires, track-type module, adaptive undercarriages with the robotic operating system, etc.

Development of Uno Stacko Biology (Usb) Learning Media on Reproductive System Material Class Xi Sma Negeri 1 Palu

We can now address the issue of students not actively learning about the reproductive system in the classroom. We can attribute this phenomenon to the belief that the reproductive system’s material is excessively complex and primarily relies on rote memorization. The current issue is receiving significant attention and requires a thorough investigation from multiple stakeholders. The objective of this project is to create instructional media named Uno Stacko Biology (USB) that combines educational games to facilitate students’ understanding of the reproductive system. The study utilized a 4D development paradigm, which encompasses the phases of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating, to conduct research and achieve progress. The study comprised a sample of 20 students enrolled in the eleventh-grade science class at SMA Negeri 1 Palu. The data collection procedure involved the use of instrument validation sheets from media expert lecturers 1 and 2, as well as response sheets from both students and teachers. The data analysis employed encompasses both qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis methodologies. Media Expert 1 validated the Uno Stacko Biology (USB) learning medium on the reproductive system module, achieving a score of 90%. Media Expert 2 achieved a precision score of 83.3%. The feasibility component, together with the evaluations from media experts 1 and 2, yielded an average score of 86.5%, signifying a satisfactory degree of feasibility. Moreover, the statistics on student responses indicated a percentage value of 94.8%, while the teacher’s response obtained a score of 96%. Therefore, we computed a mean score of 95.4%, which we categorized as “highly enjoyable.” Consequently, the educational curriculum may effectively integrate the Uno Stacko Biology (USB) learning technology, which specifically emphasizes the reproductive system as a valuable learning tool.

Analysis of the structure of an intellectual information system based on the concept of functional stability

The development of modern society requires intensive development of information technologies with a high degree of autonomy. This issue is especially acute for production enterprises that operate under the influence of destabilizing factors. In this work, research on the property of functional stability continues. Functional stability means the property of an information system to maintain its functioning, possibly with a decrease in quality, during the specified time under the influence of external and internal destabilizing factors. External and internal destabilizing factors mean failures, failures of system modules, mechanical damage, thermal effects, errors of service personnel. The main stages of ensuring functional stability are the detection of the module that failed during control, the diagnosis of the module that failed, and the restoration of the functioning of the intelligent information system. A feature of intelligent information systems is that they must function autonomously. With their help, it is possible to ensure an increase in the labor productivity of all production centers while reducing the number of people employed in production. The purpose of the work is to build a mathematical apparatus for quantitative assessment of the functional stability of the data exchange system of the intelligent information system. In addition, this article shows the advantages of using quantitative methods of assessing functional stability based on such indicators as the limit and margin of functional stability. On the basis of these assessments, recommendations can be made for building an intelligent information system. In addition, the evaluation data will help to more clearly formulate the requirements for the structure of the intelligent information system, which will be designed for uninterrupted data transmission.

A study on the application of mixed reality technology in experimental teaching in economic colleges and universities

Abstract With the continuous development of the computer field, mixed reality technology is increasingly used in various fields of life. This paper aims to create a mixed reality interactive experimental teaching system for economic colleges and develop the overall framework of the system using the target detection algorithm. It first designs the interaction system module based on monocular visual spatial localization. Then it builds a teaching evaluation system based on face detection, recognition, and gesture estimation for the experimental teaching of economic colleges and universities for the mixed reality interaction system. This paper empirically analyzes the proposed mixed reality interaction system for experimental teaching in economic colleges. It can achieve a processing speed of 19 frames per second and a high recognition accuracy of 88.23% in the teaching test. The average scores of each index after the testers’ use are above 4, and the average value of the system’s overall score is 4.66. This study has excellent performance and provides a practical roadmap and reference value for developing mixed reality technology in the direction of experimental teaching.

Research on the Application of Computer Virtual Reality Technology in Tourism Development of Scenic Spots

VR (Virtual Reality) makes it possible to use digital technology to drive the development and revitalization of the cultural tourism industry. Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional virtual tourism system such as weak immersion and lack of interaction, this paper designs and produces a Zhuhai virtual tourism system based on RPG. Secondly, this paper analyzes the functional modules of the virtual tourist attraction system. Finally, this paper uses three-dimensional panoramic technology to realize the development of virtual tourist attractions system from four processes: material collection, material stitching, panoramic roaming, and publishing roaming. The system constructs a virtual three-dimensional tourism environment through virtual reality non-contact sensing technology on the basis of the real tourism landscape. Tourists can experience travel in a virtual environment in advance without leaving home, and then plan efficient travel plans.

Measures for attenuation of interference at the level of design of the measuring device of spacecraft

When developing temperature control interface modules used as part of spacecraft onboard equipment, it is important to correctly substantiate the set of measures to ensure their noise immunity, taken at the design levels of the measuring system, measuring device and temperature control interface module. Such a justification involves an assessment of the effectiveness of possible interference mitigation techniques at each design level. The article is devoted to the consideration of interference mitigation measures at the design level of the measuring device, which should be taken to ensure the required noise immunity of the temperature control interface module in combination with measures taken at other design levels. It is shown that in order to ensure the required noise immunity of temperature control interface modules, it is necessary at the design level of the measuring device to provide for measures to mitigate interference in the power supply module, the central instrument module and inter-module interfaces, as well as measures to eliminate gross measurement errors (misses) when processing digital data in the central instrument module. In the power supply module, it is possible to attenuate interference by introducing differential and common mode filters at the input and switching filters at the output. In the central instrument module and inter-module interfaces of the secondary power buses, noise mitigation is possible by dividing the common power bus into analog and digital buses and combining them at an equipotential point. In the central instrument module, it is possible to eliminate misses by using various statistical methods for processing digital data.

Web system for automatic irrigation in a greenhouse

The irrigation system in greenhouses is a fundamental aspect in crop production since it is responsible for suplaying water to the plants. The San Sebastián greenhouse is irrigated by drip irrigation, the main characteristic of which is to provide the necessary amount of water and nutrients for the crops. The technological development has impacted irrigation systems in protected agriculture, allowing greenhouses to implement irrigation systems to automatically start and finish the irrigation process. This article describes the project based on a webbased system and a desktop application backed from realtime interface module through automated humidity and temperature sensors, with the objective of improving irrigation productivity and product quality. With the development of the Project, the irrigation automation process, the modules of the web system and the results produced by the system are exhibit. For this project, the Prototypes model was used using the PHP programming language.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ТА ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ВИРОБНИЧИХ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ АВТОМОБІЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ В ІНТЕРАКТИВНОМУ НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ WORKLAB-AUTO

Abstract. The general structure, principles of operation and application of the author's interactive learning envi-ronment Worklab-Auto for the organization of technological processes of diagnosis, maintenance and repair of cars and the design of pro-duction units of automobile transport enterprises are described. The software complex includes a fairly extensive data-base, server and client parts with a WEB interface and access via the INTERNET network. System modules provide inter-active implementation and simulation of production situations, which significantly improves the quality and realism of design. The environment contains modules for the analysis of the enterprise's production activity, which analyze the state of the production and technical base and the organization of work in production units, providing tech-nological equipment and tools. Calculation modules provide for the determination of the annual volume of work, the number of workers and the number of posts, as well as the distribution of work by types and place of execution. The pro-duction units of the enterprise are formed in the organizational modules. Technological equipment is selected from the database for each production unit. The organization of workplaces involves in an interactive mode fixing for each work-place works that are similar in execution technology, as well as the necessary technological equipment and tools. The types of diagnostic maintenance or repair posts are selected from the database which are equipped with an inspection ditch, a lift or stationary post equipment, respectively. The graphic window of the room plan makes it possible to display and move the selected equipment, service posts, workplaces, gates, doors, windows on a large scale. The development and optimization of route technology involves the visual division of a given technological process into separate operations. Keywords: design, automobile transport enterprise, technological process, education, interactive and distance learning.

A novel generalized adversarial image method using descriptive features

Abstract— Currently, machine learning not only solves simple problems such as object classification but also machine learning is widely applied in the field of computer vision such as identification systems, object detection, and modules in the authentication system, intelligent processing algorithms such as automatic driving, chatbot, etc. Deep learning models on GAN networks can automatically generate image data such as objects, animals, human faces, or the like by learning the word features of images in datasets such as MS-COCO, ImageNET, CUB, etc. Using this technique, attackers can fake images in some cases with malicious intent. In this paper, the authors propose to build a Generative Adversarial Network to create images that fool the target model YOLOv7, INCEPTIONv3. Experimental results on the CUB dataset show our proposed model's ability to generate adversarial examples is highly effective with an average image generation time equal to 0.16 seconds/an image. The successful rate of fooling the model reached over 85%, average recognition rate reached over 45% for the YOLOv7 model. When experimenting on the INCEPTIONv3 model, the successful rate of fooling the model reached over 95%, average recognition rate reached over 50%. The image fidelity evaluated by the PSNR index reached an average of greater than 29.