System Module Research Articles

Academician V. H. Serheiev – Control System Designer, Founder of the Scientific and Design School, Honored Citizen of Kharkiv (on His 110th Birthday)

March 5, 2024 marks the 110th birthday of Volodymyr Hryhorovych Serheiev, an outstanding scientist, chief designer of control systems for strategic combat missiles, launch vehicles, spacecraft and transport modules of orbital complexes, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and an Honored Citizen of Kharkiv. Despite his significant scientific achievements in the field of rocket and space engineering, the silhouette of V. H. Serheiev is hardly reflected in the modern history of science. Based on representative sources, the article highlights the main achievements of the scientist in the field of dynamics of automatic control systems and the design of rocket and space engineering control systems. The summary of the most prominent space projects is based on the memories of witnesses and direct participants. The personal qualities of V. H. Serheiev as the head of the Special Design Office No. 692 are noted. The historical retrospective describes technical developments and inventions meant to improve the control systems of intercontinental ballistic missiles R-16, R-16У, R-36, R-36П, R-36 orbital, R-36М, R-36М UTTH, UR-100N, UR-100HU, and R-36М2. At the initiative of V. H. Serheiev, complex stands were developed, which worked non-stop in all modes of operation of the necessary equipment and solved complex scientific and technical problems of creating an on-board digital computer. V. H. Serheiev was the chief control system designer of space launch vehicles Kosmos, Kosmos-2, Cyclone-2, and Cyclone-3 and Tselina series spacecraft. The article features innovative solutions implemented under Serheiev’s leadership during the creation of the Energia launch vehicle, supply vehicles of the Almaz space rocket system and target orbital modules of the Saliut and Myr space stations, and international launch vehicles Dnipro, Rokit and Strila. The article considers the issues of V. H. Serheiev’s direct participation in the organization of the training system for scientific personnel in the relevant specialties at Ukraine’s higher education institutions, as well as the development of international cooperation. It is substantiated that the scientist created one of the leading science and construction schools for the development of control systems for rocket and space technology, which is internationally recognized. The authors emphasize that V. H. Serheiev devoted a lot of attention to people. At his initiative and with his support, a district named after the founder of aerodynamics, M. Y. Zhukovskyi, was created in Kharkiv for the employees of “Hartron” enterprise. The district was not far from the enterprise and had a well-developed infrastructure, such as kindergartens, schools, shops, a swimming pool and a complex of residential buildings.

A planar mounted SQUID full-tensor module for magnetoenterogram denoising detection

Magntoenterogram (MENG) is a functional imaging method with great clinical potential for non-invasive diagnosis of intestinal diseases. In measurements of MENG, the cardiac artifacts are a strong biological source of interference. Based on wire-wound SQUID gradiometers, we constructed a planar mounted full-tensor compensation module for MENG system, which can obtain cardiac artifacts while suppressing ambient noise, so as to denoise MENG signals without increasing external ECG recording channels. The cardiac artifacts are regressed out from the full-tensor compensation module outputs, which can denoise the MENG measurements. Using this module, the SNR is about 70 dB better than the raw data. At last, 36-point array MENG signals were detected successfully and the contour map of jejunal slow-wave frequency (SWF) was consistent with the jejunal area (one part of the small intestine). This method will save costs and avoid the new electromagnetic interferences introduced by ECG equipment. It will lay a good foundation for the rapid clinical application of the MENG system.

Combination certainty factor method and fuzzy expert system module to determine the dose of leukemia drugs

Leukemia is a type of blood cancer. Treatment for leukemia patients can last for years because the dose of medication given is adjusted to the patient's immune system. The aim of this research is the use of information technology through a combination of certainty factors and the development of a fuzzy expert system (FES) module to determine the therapeutic schedule for administering leukemia drugs. The urgency of this research is to help medical personnel in measuring the dose of leukemia medication to be given to patients so as to increase the cure rate for leukemia patients. The method used is certainty factor and fuzzy logic. The combination of the certainty factor method and the FES module which is carried out using input variables in the form of the severity of the leukemia suffered by the patient is to produce an appropriate therapeutic schedule for administering leukemia drugs. The result of this research is a combination of the factor certainty method and the FES module which has been tested and the accuracy level is 95.17%, the same as recommendations from experts.

Enhancing Learning Management Systems with Intrusion Alerts and Forensic Logging

Web-based Learning Management Systems (LMS) are gaining popularity in the education sector as they provide more convenience in the teaching and learning experience. However, these systems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, such as intrusion attempts. In the event of a security incident, it is imperative to conduct thorough investigations. Therefore, this study proposed Sistem Pengurusan Pembelajaran (SiPP) an LMS developed with intrusion alert and forensic log to provide incident notification and forensic-ready LMS. The prototyping model was adopted to develop the SiPP system, which includes modules such as login, intrusion notification, forensic log, activity log, teacher management, student management, learning material, and assessments. Functional testing results confirm SiPP's ability to log user activities, detect intrusion attempts, and notify users through Short Messaging Service (SMS) and other system modules function successfully. The user acceptance test shows positive feedback and high satisfaction, confirming the effectiveness of SiPP's features and performance. To sum up, SiPP demonstrates promising features that protect against intrusions and ensures forensic readiness.

Использование новых видов технологической оснастки при изготовлении нежестких плоскостных алюминиевых деталей методом волновых технологий

It has been suggested that wave technologies in non-rigid plane parts production should be used with the introduction of ultrasonic range vibrations into the shaping zone in combination with technological equipment, i.e. it is- a zero-base system. The traditional technique used in domestic enterprises implies a high probability of out-of-flat conditions and deformations due to the influence of technological residual stresses (TRS) in the process of stock removal or force stresses under plastic deformation of the part when fixing blanks. Using modern universal software systems such as Simulia Abaqus, ANSYS, etc., it was possible to determine the magnitude of deformations, aligment errors caused by residual stresses. The data obtained were used to calculate rational ways for fixing some typical non-rigid plane aluminum blanks on a technological equipment - a zero-based system of German production SCHUNKVERO–SAviation (VSA). The research was aimed at determining the manufacturability for the use of such equipment when making a particular non-rigid blank made of aluminum alloys and finding the most optimal way of its fixing. The estimated values of the TRS were determined by mechanical and X-ray methods. The calculations were performed using real parts of aircraft equipment of the "beam" type and blanks made of aluminum rolled products. The proposed method for determining the maximum amount of deformation of the workpiece under machining is applicable to the most optimal placement of the support and clamping modules of the zero-based system (VSA). In combination with a certain strategy of wave mechanical processing, it makes a practically complete compensation for deformations possible and allows obtaining a suitable product from the first presentation without performing an additional correction operation.

Modular reconfigurable rotorcraft for autonomous cargo delivery

Traditional air mobility capability development consists of defining a set of requirements and subsequently designing an aircraft that satisfies these requirements. Once designed, the overall structure or topology of the aircraft is fixed. That is, the aircraft has certain fixed physical dimensions, number and sizes of rotors, engines, etc. The topology cannot be changed to accomplish missions outside of its original design envelope, and if designed for a robust mission spectrum, the aircraft may be inefficient during routine missions that do not require peak performance. The work reported here takes a different approach where a core set of components (fuselage, rotor, power plant, etc) defines the fundamental modules of the air mobility system. The modules were developed using mature and readily available technologies and designed to be quickly connected to other modules to assemble different aircraft configurations with widely varying performance characteristics. The aircraft can be reconfigured between missions to best satisfy mission requirements. Thus, the envelope of achievable performance characteristics is significantly expanded compared to a single aircraft. This concept is explored for autonomous air cargo delivery missions targeted for nominal payloads and ranges around 500 pounds and 500 nautical miles with maximum payloads up to 3500 pounds across shorter distances. Results indicate that for mission spectrums with large differences between nominal and maximum payloads and skewed towards smaller payloads, the operational cost per lb-km is significantly reduced using a modular and reconfigurable air mobility system since cargo delivery requirements can be better matched to an air vehicle system.

Implications of landscape changes for ecosystem services and biodiversity: A national assessment in Ecuador

Ecuadorian ecosystems experience high pressure due to anthropogenic activities and climate change. Despite the need of regular monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES), attempts to assess the current and future interdependencies of BES and landscape changes are still lacking. This study suggests a spatial assessment of the capacity of ecosystems/land use types to provide BES as status quo and its future development under scenarios of deforestation and climate change. To address data scarcity and improve legitimacy, spatial modeling was combined with participatory approaches. Specifically, changes in landscape pattern were simulated using a modeling platform that combines Geographic Information System (GIS) and Cellular Automaton (CA) modules. Experts in ecosystem conservation and management participated through surveys and workshops. Food, drinking water, service water, soil erosion control, water flow regulation, pollination/seed dispersal, regulation of macro climate, and landscape aesthetic/amenity were identified as the most relevant ES. Among the forest ecosystems, Páramo-related ecosystems were regarded to provide multiple ES with high capacities. Compared to the current status, the deforestation scenario showed to decrease most BES by 20–25 %, while increasing food provision by 5 %, as a trade-off. Regarding the climate change scenarios, the “Representative Concentration Pathways” (RCP) by 2070 were simulated with an increase in temperature of 2 °C (RCP 2.6) and of 4 °C (RCP 6.0). RCP 6.0 showed more noticeable impact than RCP 2.6, which caused a decrease in most BES whereas an increase in food provision due to the possible expansion of arable land into higher altitudes. The results of the spatial assessment also indicated high and low potential areas for BES provision. Such information can support decision-making for BES management e.g., priority areas for actions. Furthermore, the applied spatially explicit assessment could be a starting point for a regular assessment of BES, which has not yet been implemented in Ecuador.

Hidden structural information reconstruction and seismic response analysis of high‐rise residential shear wall buildings with limited structural data

AbstractThe high‐rise residential shear wall structure is a crucial component of urban building clusters, while the limited availability of detailed structural information becomes a critical bottleneck in improving the accuracy of seismic performance assessment for high‐rise residential shear wall buildings in urban areas. Based on easily obtainable yet limited structural data at the urban scale, this paper proposes a method to address the shortcomings of existing research on reconstructing hidden structural information and enhance the accuracy of structural seismic performance assessment. It includes a physics‐constrained generative adversarial network module and a fuzzy inference system module to reconstruct the spatial arrangement of shear walls, and material strength grades within buildings, respectively. Validated against two actual buildings, the method outperforms the widely used simplified analysis method at the urban scale, achieving 85.9% accuracy in predicting damage states across various floors.

An integrated design discharge calculation system for small to mid-sized ungauged catchments in Serbia

Abstract. This study deals with the application of freely available datasets on the global and local level coupled with open source GIS software in hydrological modelling, greatly improving cost and time effectiveness of hydrological analyses of ungauged catchments. The automated calculation system was developed as an extremely useful tool for hydrologists for the quick estimation of design discharges. The morphometric module of the calculation system showed excellent results, saving a great deal of time that would otherwise been spent on manual processing of geospatial data. Using the automated calculation system, the methodologies currently in use in hydrological practice in Serbia were evaluated. The distributed velocity method was introduced as a way of calculating hydrograph lag time. The comparison between design discharges calculated by rainfall-runoff analysis and by frequency analysis yielded very good resemblance. Examples of real-world application for over 2500 catchments are shown.

A novel model based on a transformer for intent detection and slot filling

Building task-oriented dialogue systems has become a topic of interest in the research community and industry. The task-oriented dialogue system is a closed-domain dialogue system that can perform specific tasks for users. The natural language understanding module of a task-oriented dialogue system is crucial because it is related to a task-oriented dialogue system that provides correctional services for users. The natural language understanding module of a task-oriented dialogue system performs two tasks: intent detection and slot filling. The intent detection task can be regarded as a text classification task; a classification model is trained to predict the intention of the user from the user’s input information. The slot filling task can be regarded as a sequence analysis task; a sequence analysis model is trained to predict the details of the user’s intention. In this paper, we proposed a novel model based on a transformer encoder for intent detection and slot filling. It follows the encoder-decoder structure, including a vanilla Transformer encoder, a bidirectional LSTM encoder, a linear classification decoder for intent detection, and a conditional random field decoder for slot filling. The experimental results on two public datasets show that our proposed model outperforms the existing methods based on the Transformer and can be combined with BERT to achieve better intent detection and slot filling results.

ORBIT SELECTION OF THE SPACE INDUSTRIAL PLATFORM WITH DISTRIBUTED ELECTRICAL-POWER SYSTEM MODULES

Space industrialization is one of the prospective directions in modern aerospace science and engineering for space exploration of new resources and habitats. The key issue is to provide industrial space modules with the required amount of electricity needed. One type of power supply for such modules is the use of distributed power systems, which consist of constellations of spacecraft with contactless power transmission. Given this, the problem of rational orbit selection for their dislocation arises. Considering these problems, the methodology for orbits selection of the space industrial platform with distributed electrical-power system modules is proposed in the paper. This methodology includes orbital translation, attitude, relative dynamics estimation for each power satellite, and its corresponding orbit optimization algorithm. The orbit optimization algorithm includes statistical processing and elements of gradient and coordinate descent methods, allowing us to determine the most significant parameter influencing the duration of the contactless power transmission session. Also, quaternion mathematics is used to estimate the dynamics in the program parameters for targeting the transmitter spacecraft antenna to the receiver spacecraft rectenna. With the approaches mentioned above, the methodology proposed in this paper allows us to form the requirements for the power satellites’ attitude and orbit control system to improve the process of selecting corresponding design parameters of such systems. Thus, the usage of the proposed methodology can allow the designing of the power satellites’ attitude and orbit control system in the conceptual stages of designing.

Random phase plate designed by the genetic algorithm for decoherence in energy homogenization units of a photolithography illumination system

The microlens array (MLA) is used in the flexible pupil shaping module of lithography illumination system for energy balance. However, the coherence of the light source can lead to interference patterns. Most of the decoherence methods are restricted for the pulse laser and the scanning exposure application. To solve this issue, a specific random phase plate (RPP) is designed to eliminate the interference patterns caused by the coherence of the light source. The model of partially coherent light propagation in the MLAs homogeneous system is established based on the mutual intensity theory, and the genetic algorithm is introduced to design a high-performance RPP. The corresponding measurement device is constructed, and the intensity of the image plane light field is measured. Experiment results indicate that the intensity integral non-uniformity is 32.14% in the x-direction and 66.04% in the y-direction without the RPP, and the intensity integral non-uniformity is 22.95% in the x-direction and 19.18% in the y-direction with the RPP, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed method.

Topology optimization method for reducing thermal stress in the power drive module of the actuator system

Topology optimization method for reducing thermal stress in the power drive module of the actuator system

Revolutionizing SIEM Security: An Innovative Correlation Engine Design for Multi-Layered Attack Detection.

Advances in connectivity, communication, computation, and algorithms are driving a revolution that will bring economic and social benefits through smart technologies of the Industry 4.0 era. At the same time, attackers are targeting this expanded cyberspace to exploit it. Therefore, many cyberattacks are reported each year at an increasing rate. Traditional security devices such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDSs), intrusion prevention systems (IPSs), anti-viruses, and the like, often cannot detect sophisticated cyberattacks. The security information and event management (SIEM) system has proven to be a very effective security tool for detecting and mitigating such cyberattacks. A SIEM system provides a holistic view of the security status of a corporate network by analyzing log data from various network devices. The correlation engine is the most important module of the SIEM system. In this study, we propose the optimized correlator (OC), a novel correlation engine that replaces the traditional regex matching sub-module with a novel high-performance multiple regex matching library called "Hyperscan" for parallel log data scanning to improve the performance of the SIEM system. Log files of 102 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, and 1024 MB, generated from log data received from various devices in the network, are input into the OC and simple event correlator (SEC) for applying correlation rules. The results indicate that OC is 21 times faster than SEC in real-time response and 2.5 times more efficient in execution time. Furthermore, OC can detect multi-layered attacks successfully.

Ontology Supported Domain Knowledge Module for E-Tutoring System

E-tutoring Systems are computer applications that provide direct customized education to learners. The E-tutoring system usually includes four modules: Teaching Module, Knowledge Module, Learner Module, and Learner Interface. This investigation focuses on Knowledge Module, considering design and implementation for a selected domain. One of the useful mechanisms of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that is commonly used to formalize domain knowledge module concepts and their relation in an E-tutoring systems is ontology. The term ontology is described as a representation of the entities in a domain and the way those entities connect to each other. This paper introduces a domain knowledge module for an E-tutoring system that allows knowledge stored in a well-defined form to support reusability, shareability, flexibility, and standardability and to assist the storage of transfer and prerequisite knowledge relationships. The introduced knowledge domain module is designed in two ways the general concepts domain knowledge module and a specific domain knowledge module ontology. This innovative technique is helpful for students in enhancing their learning progress. Combining the proposed ontology domain knowledge module with an E-tutoring system can enhance the quality of intelligent problem-solving. Also, it will be possible to reuse the knowledge domains. As a result, the proposal of the domain knowledge module for the E-tutoring system can enhance the teaching and learning process, support recommendations, and generate hints. In the future, the suggested module can be improved by adding some functionalities and automatically supporting the generation of problems and their solutions.

Methods for Implementing Tactile Sensations in Virtual Space by Integrating Physical Objects with Their Computer Models

The paper presents original methods and approaches for integrating, from the user's point of view, three-dimensional virtual models visible to them in a virtual reality headset, and their physical prototypes. This allows for the addition of some important elements of physical reality to the virtual environment, such as tactile and muscle-motor sensations. Developed solutions are based on the use of such wireless devices as HTC Vive Trackers, which determine their position and orientation in space, and can be placed on various objects of the real world. An original approach to making a tracking system by means of two HTC Base Stations and several Vive Trackers with selecting one anchor element is proposed, as well as new methods for real-time integration of physical reality objects with their virtual models by using functional control schemes with own blocks for trackers. Based on methods and approaches proposed in this work, software modules were implemented. Approbation of these modules in the VirSim virtual environment system, which was developed in Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, showed that the solutions developed are adequate and effective, and can have practical application in virtual environment systems and training complexes.

Experimental investigation on battery thermal management using phase change materials with different arrangement schemes

Thermal management is imperative for regulating battery temperature during operation. In this paper, lithium iron phosphate batteries were taken to experimentally investigate the battery thermal management system module utilizing phase change materials. Various phase change material (PCM) plates with uniform and gradient phase change material arrangements were produced by pressing phase change material powder to closely adhere to the battery. The experimental results illustrated that the phase change material plate had a good temperature uniformity effect on the battery, and this effect became more noticeable under high-rate battery discharge. Over 80% of the experimental group’s the maximum temperature difference could be maintained within 3 °C. In addition, there was an optimal range for phase change material plate thickness, the effect of reducing the battery maximum temperature weakened and the efficiency of phase change material utilization decreased when the phase change material plate thickness exceeded a critical value. Specially, a gradient arrangement of the phase change material with different phase change temperatures had better cooling effect on the battery. Compared with uniform arrangement of PCM, the temperature difference with gradient arrangement of PCM was decreased by 55.6%, 70.8%, and 77.4% at 2C, 2.5C, and 3C discharge rates, respectively. To guarantee that the battery’s high heat-generating areas can always be cooled by phase change material through latent heat absorption in the middle and later stages of discharge, phase change material with higher phase-change temperatures should be placed in these areas, which can coordinate the non-uniform heat generation of battery and prevent severe temperature rise as well as further reduce the maximum temperature difference. The findings presented in this study provide new insights for designing a battery thermal management system utilizing phase change material.

Estimation of best geometric and operational parameters of a nanophotonics-enabled solar membrane desalination system: A numerical investigation

Nanophotonics-enabled solar membrane desalination (NESMD) system is a sustainable method to address water scarcity by desalinating seawater using solar energy. A layer of nanoparticles absorbs heat, creating localized heating within feed channel, which generates a vapor pressure difference between feed and permeate channels. Distillate water is collected in permeate channel. Numerical modelling of NESMD system, integrating optical and thermal modules in COMSOL Multiphysics, efficiently enumerates distillate flux at specified locations under varying ambient conditions. Reliability of the simulation model is confirmed through validation against in-house experimental results. A set of most effective dimensions and component specifications for NESMD system are computed that maximize distillate flux. Setup width exhibits invariant distillate flux within a range of 2–30 cm, while a feed thickness of 2 mm yields maximum distillate flux, with no change observed for permeate thickness within a range of 2–10 mm. An optimal setup length is determined within 80–200 cm range under varying operating conditions. Membrane porosity of 0.85 is selected to balance both vapor diffusivity and mechanical strength. The optimum membrane thickness lies within 180–225 µm range. An NESMD system with these best suited specifications is demonstrated to produce freshwater at the rate of 4.63 l/m2 per day.

Hand Gesture Recognition System using Deep Learning

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of a hand gesture recognition system centered on the YOLOv5 object detection algorithm. The system is meticulously designed to fulfill specific objectives, including real-time gesture detection, high accuracy, scalability, robustness to environmental variability, and seamless integration with other system components. Drawing upon the strengths of YOLOv5, the proposed system aims to provide a reliable and efficient solution for hand gesture recognition, thereby enhancing human- computer interaction and enabling various applications across different domains. The methodology encompasses several stages, including data acquisition, preprocessing, object detection using YOLOv5, integration with other system modules, evaluation, and validation. Through a series of experiments and extensive testing in real-world scenarios, the effectiveness and usability of the system are thoroughly assessed, demonstrating its potential for practical deployment and widespread adoption. Additionally, this paper discusses the implications of the findings, identifies areas for further research and development, and offers insights into the future directions of hand gesture recognition systems utilizing YOLOv5. Overall, this study contributes to advancing the field of human-computer interaction and gesture recognition technology, paving the way for innovative applications and enhanced user experiences in various domains. Keywords— Hand Gesture Recognition, YOLOv5, Real-time Detection, Human-Computer Interaction, Object Detection, Machine Learning

Multi-criteria Model for Production Plan Management of a Machine-building Enterprise

The concept of developing an intelligent system to manage the planning of a manufacturing enterprise, and a description of the functionality and modules of the information system are given. In general, operational planning is a complex task of optimizing the construction of a production plan, which includes several criteria and faces various limitations. Multi-criteria is associated with the need for order fulfillment priority in accordance with the law, and the non-linearity of the task is due to technological limitations of production. One of the criteria is to maximize the fulfillment of contractual obligations to supply products to customers. Another criterion is to maximize profits from the sale of the entire range of manufactured products. The limitations in this task are the storage capacity, availability of raw materials and components, the time of operations, the workload of equipment and the priority of orders. Two approaches to solve the optimization problem of managing the production plan are considered, and block diagrams of the implementation of the proposed algorithms are provided. In the first approach, the initial problem is reduced to a combination of linear programming problems, for which the simplex method or the Gomori method are used in practice. A more effective approach to solving this extreme problem is the use of a genetic algorithm and its modifications. The scientific novelty of the conducted research lies in the systematic application of mathematical and computer modeling methods to build an optimal operational production plan. The experience of practical implementation of software systems confirms that intelligent production plan management systems are able to increase the efficiency of enterprise business proce sses, allowing organizations to plan production and allocate resources in market conditions optimally.