Modes Of Articulation Research Articles

Recognising and ReconstitutingGàidheilEthnicity

This article analyses some claims made about the Gàidheal identity in Scotland, with particular reflection on a distinct ‘sociolinguistic turn’ within Gàidhlig studies and related research over the last two decades. Through critical analysis of a major sociological survey on the structuring of various markers in framing Gàidheal identity, a normative basis is provided to then assess other identity classifications made by some academics whose work is focussed on the single identity-marker of the Gàidhlig language. It is argued that identity claims predicated on the specific nature of the Gàidhlig sociolinguistic turn fail to capture the complex reality and living histories of actual Gàidheal identities (and claims on those identities), in particular, the socio-cultural importance of place-based practices and understandings. Recent proposals for a Gàidheal ethnolinguistic assembly may enable modes of articulation and recognition to develop which better capture those realities, as well as supporting societal and linguistic regeneration among the indigenous group.

Contingency, Absurdity and Human Conflict in Sartre’s Philosophy

This article is centered on two of Sartre’s literary works: “Nausea” and “No Exit” along with his dialectical theory of the ‘Look’ in Being and Nothingness. I believe that these three texts represent not three distinct perspectives but rather different sets of approach to the same problem i.e. the phenomenon of human relationship. It is with this point in mind that I develop the following interrelated claims. First, even though Sartre intended to bring a new language and mode of articulation in his later works, the fundamental features of his philosophy remained the same. Thus, issues that are foundational to his early writing including the self/other relationship, the for-itself as project, the contingent reality of the world, the resistance of the in-itself/ materiality all figure high in his later writings as well. Second, as opposed to any social philosophy which accepts the possibility of a harmonious relation between human beings Sartre perceived the essence of human relations not as mitesein (‘being-with’), but rather as conflict. I submit that the source of Sartre’s problem lies in his very model of social relations given that his social ontology does not allow him to incorporate what Maurice Marleau-Ponty calls the "inter-world". This paper is also informed with the belief that although Sartre the intellectual and the creative artist are closely joined together, essentially, the novelist is much more assuring than the philosopher. Thus, even when he is not writing a literary composition proper he displays a unique talent of putting his philosophical ideas in artistic and dramatic terms. I use Sartre’s phenomenological description of the dialectic of the "look" (Le Regard) to demonstrate this point. The final section of the paper is devoted to a critical examination of Sartre’s philosophical positions developed in the works discussed above.

Artistic research and the queer prophetic

ABSTRACT This essay examines the intersection of queer, trans, and feminist politics with artistic research. It begins with a discussion of knowledge and form, arguing that we need to reinvent the formal structures of academic knowledge production in light of the digital revolution. I then examine two sets of examples of the scholarly video essay: three from a videographic journal I edit and three from my own practice. Such examples allow us to rethink or even to reinvent the embodied situatedness of researchers from a new perspective: the audiovisual body. I offer the “prophetic” to name this emerging mode of articulation.

Autonomização do campo judicial e redefinição das elites judiciais locais

O que o presente trabalho buscou identificar foi o tipo de processo de transformação do campo político da administração judicial brasileira e seus efeitos a partir da institucionalização da Carta de 1988 e da EC n. 45/2004 que produziram incentivos seletivos para a formação de um novo campo político da administração judicial no Brasil. A partir da investigação pode-se constatar: 1. O acentuado e significativo grau da autonomia do campo judicial brasileiro em relação às demais instituições democrático-representativas; 2. O insulamento burocrático do campo judicial e a nova articulação desse campo com os executivos estaduais; 3. Como esse processo de autonomização se fundou em uma retórica autoritária de profissionalização do campo que legitima o próprio insulamento burocrático e se expressa em um novo tipo de elite judicial dentro do campo de administração política nas Justiças estaduais; 4. O surgimento de uma nova elite judicial que se auto representa como portadora da modernização e da profissionalização do campo judicial e incorpora o habitus dessa auto representação e 5. A nova articulação do Executivo e do Judiciário locais que estabelecem um modo de articulação com vistas a garantir o insulamento dessa elite judicial em relação aos outros partícipes do campo político-burocrático.

Islam and the Discursive Landscape of Globalisation

Abstract Globalisation is a multidimensional process, involving both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, playing out simultaneously within the domains of economy, politics, technology—particularly media and information communication technology (ICT)—culture and environmental change. By contrast, the spread of knowledge that transforms global Islamic authority in heterogeneous forms, challenging conventional understandings, location and mode of articulation of authority, is considered to be a distinct process. This paper attempts to investigate the role of knowledge in the construction of globalised Islamic authority in Islam. It explores the evolution of Islamic authority vis-à-vis the rapidly developing network of interconnections and interdependencies. Focusing on identifying the element of consensus (ijmā) in sustaining and upholding religious authority in Islam, the paper examines how modernist critiques of consensus take various forms in light of what modernists consider to be “true” and how they see the challenges and opportunities of global transformations. While shedding light on a growing fragmentation and decentralisation of religious authority in the Muslim world, this paper argues that the authoritative religious knowledge was established and sustained down to 18th century when new methods of interpretation emerged challenging the authoritative corpus of religious structures. Consideration is also given to the causes, spectrum, and effects of increasingly diverse, and disjointed transformations of religious authority in Muslim societies, the outcome of which is a spectacularly wild growth of interpretation.

Interiority as Narrative Agency in Teju Cole’s Open City

This article examines interiority as a narrative technique in Teju Cole’s Open City (London: Faber & Faber, 2011). It suggests that Cole employs this form to depict the dynamics of migration and globalisation and the various ways in which the peripatetic protagonist, Julius, dislocated and marked by whimsical restlessness, becomes a cosmopolitan subject—or a fraught “Afropolitan”, as other critics have argued. This article draws on existing studies to propose another direction of inquiry. It shows how, in dispensing with conventional novelistic forms of plot with well-defined characters and dialogue, the novel privileges interiority as a principal mode of articulation. It postulates that interiority names and describes the agential utility of an intersubjective consciousness that inhabits the protagonist, and that this is a consciousness through which he performs a sense of presence and belonging in the metropolitan centres of the Western world.

Populism, historical discourse and foreign policy: the case of Poland’s Law and Justice government

This article analyses how, in Poland, the populist political orientation of the ruling party (Law and Justice—PiS) has coloured the historical discourse of the government and has affected, in turn, its foreign policy and diplomatic relations. We argue that the historical discourse of the PiS government is a reflection of the party’s reliance on populism as a political mode of articulation in that it seeks to promote a Manichean, dichotomic and totalizing re-definition of the categories of victim, hero and perpetrator—and of Poland’s roles in this trinity. The article details the direct and indirect repercussions of PiS populist-inspired historical posture on Poland’s foreign policy by analysing its policies towards—and relations with—Ukraine and Germany. As such, the article sheds light on the under-explored links between populism and historical memory and makes a contribution to the nascent scholarship on the foreign policy of populist governments.

LINGUISTIC ERRORS OF BRAZILIAN STUDENTS WHEN LEARNING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (BASIC LEVEL)

The article examines the errors in the basic level regarding the interference of the Portuguese language when Brazilian students learn Russian as a foreign language and offers the methodic to predict and avoid them. For this, authors compare the phonetic systems of Russian and Brazilian Portuguese as well as the main grammar units and structures that form the linguistic minimum on the basic level. Then, using the comparative analysis the errors in the students’ speech are predicted and interpreted. The results of theoretical comparison are compared to the actual and real errors. In the phonetic plan authors figure out significant difference in the signs of hardness, softness, place of articulation, mode of articulation and nasalization, and not big difference in acoustic signs and duration of sounds. In the grammatical field the results point out to a new and optimal order in teaching the cases. Also the necessity to adapt different grammar understanding of Russian verbal structure to the Brazilian one is described regarding the preposition and type of complement and the verb aspects. Authors developed exercises to help students overcome such errors more efficiently and in less time.

Texto, imagem e visualidade na literatura contemporânea brasileira

O aumento significativo, nas últimas décadas, da produção de obras literárias fortemente marcadas pela inclusão de fotografias, pela apropriação e colagem de documentos, e por manipulações gráficas e tipográficas, dentre outras operações realizadas nos níveis textual, paratextual e perigráfico, tem exigido um reexame do modo como nos aproximamos analiticamente das mesmas. Se pensar na relação literatura e imagem significava, predominantemente, refletir sobre a produção de imagens poéticas por meio de tropos linguísticos, os processos crescentes de fixação de imagens e outras formas de visualidade na página impressa exige hoje, do leitor, a consideração da literatura como um objeto complexo, marcado pelo trânsito de linguagens e por modos técnicos de articulação do sentido. É dentro dessa perspectiva que este artigo buscará mapear as condições de emergência desse fenômeno no âmbito da literatura contemporânea brasileira e propor algumas formas de articulação analítica entre literatura, imagem e visualidade hoje.

Integrating prediction errors at two time scales permits rapid recalibration of speech sound categories.

Speech perception presumably arises from internal models of how specific sensory features are associated with speech sounds. These features change constantly (e.g. different speakers, articulation modes etc.), and listeners need to recalibrate their internal models by appropriately weighing new versus old evidence. Models of speech recalibration classically ignore this volatility. The effect of volatility in tasks where sensory cues were associated with arbitrary experimenter-defined categories were well described by models that continuously adapt the learning rate while keeping a single representation of the category. Using neurocomputational modelling we show that recalibration of natural speech sound categories is better described by representing the latter at different time scales. We illustrate our proposal by modeling fast recalibration of speech sounds after experiencing the McGurk effect. We propose that working representations of speech categories are driven both by their current environment and their long-term memory representations.

The Site of Foreign Policy: A Field Theory Account of MFAs

Summary This essay argues that the work of ministries of foreign affairs (MFAs) centres on three modes of articulation; namely, intersubjective, practical and material articulations. However, much research in diplomatic studies has yet to come to terms with the specific ways in which these modes of articulation coalesce to produce a distinctive foreign policy. I suggest that a field theory account of MFAs offers a reliable set of tools that enables us to understand how a foreign policy takes shape, the dynamics that sustain it and the circumstances under which it is likely to change. Because a field’s existence is often derived from its relational consequences, the essay clarifies the link between a field and its effects, using the concept of ‘affordance’. In this sense, theorising MFAs connects a philosophy of action — which focuses on the field theory’s concepts — and a philosophy of science — which emphasises relations within and between different modes of articulation.

Cassirer, Langer, and Dilthey on the Distinctive Kinds of Symbolism in the Arts

Abstract This paper examines the ways in which Ernst Cassirer and Susanne Langer place the arts in the spectrum of symbolization. Langer claims that Cassirer is wrong to consider artistic symbolism as a more concrete mode of linguistic symbolism. Instead, artists create presentational symbols that are just as capable of formal articulation, i. e., of complex combinations, as words are. According to Langer, the presentational modes of articulation of music and the visual arts are altogether different from the syntactical mode that governs language. I argue that the way Langer imposes her presentational model on the literary arts goes too far in decontextualizing them from the real world. Thus I propose a more inclusive artistic spectrum which proceeds from Langer’s presentational symbolism to the typifying mode of symbolization suggested by Wilhelm Dilthey to Cassirer’s more ideational linguistic mode.

Deep Video‐Based Performance Synthesis from Sparse Multi‐View Capture

AbstractWe present a deep learning based technique that enables novel‐view videos of human performances to be synthesized from sparse multi‐view captures. While performance capturing from a sparse set of videos has received significant attention, there has been relatively less progress which is about non‐rigid objects (e.g., human bodies). The rich articulation modes of human body make it rather challenging to synthesize and interpolate the model well. To address this problem, we propose a novel deep learning based framework that directly predicts novel‐view videos of human performances without explicit 3D reconstruction. Our method is a composition of two steps: novel‐view prediction and detail enhancement. We first learn a novel deep generative query network for view prediction. We synthesize novel‐view performances from a sparse set of just five or less camera videos. Then, we use a new generative adversarial network to enhance fine‐scale details of the first step results. This opens up the possibility of high‐quality low‐cost video‐based performance synthesis, which is gaining popularity for VA and AR applications. We demonstrate a variety of promising results, where our method is able to synthesis more robust and accurate performances than existing state‐of‐the‐art approaches when only sparse views are available.

Holy Ghost feasts in Tambor de Mina cult houses: Modes of articulations

This article is centred on the diverse modes of articulation between Tambor de Mina – the African-Brazilian religion prevalent among the Black population of São Luís (the state capital of Maranhão, Brazil) – and Holy Ghost feasts – a Catholic feast that is the most important public celebration in Tambor de Mina cult houses. My focus is on the creative processes associated with these diverse modes of articulation. I argue that these processes are connected, on one hand, to the wider politics of boundary management between religious genres that each cult house adopts and, on the other hand, to different politics of display and containment centred on the visibility of Tambor de Mina in the public space. The article is both a contribution to recent anthropological debates on creativity and to discussions on processes of interface between different religious genres in African-Brazilian religions.

Before BDS: Lineages of Boycott in Palestine

Abstract Boycotts have a persistent presence in the world of anticolonialism in general, and Palestinian history in particular. Whereas they are often associated today with the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions movement (BDS), this article shows that they have been consistently utilized in Palestine since 1908, responding to a long continuum of colonization. The article accounts for their varying origins, instrumental functions, contextual relationships to other tools of struggle, and modes of articulation. It examines shifts in Palestinian boycott practice and discourse, emphasizing the importance of considering this tactical form not in the abstract terms of social movement theory, but in light of its concrete relationship with broader anticolonial structures and strategies. Drawing on lessons from boycott’s long history in Palestine and other anticolonial contexts such as South Africa, it further reflects on its position in contemporary Palestinian politics. It argues that, in the post-Oslo environment, boycott shifted from a tactic serving a revolutionary strategic vision to a tactical solidarity response addressing the absence of a comprehensive national strategy. Boycott plays a crucial role in the global war of position in which the Palestinian solidarity movement is currently engaged, but this does not alter the need for a rejuvenation of representative national structures that are capable of deliberating and implementing broader anticolonial strategies.

Islamophobia and the Discursive Reconstitution of Religious Imagination in Europe

Since much of the discussion about Islamophobia has been concerned with positive-self and negative-other representations of Muslims, understanding it as a culturally racist discourse foregrounds the way Muslims are constructed as deeply threatening to the values and identities of the spaces they occupy. These representations invoke an essentialised and determinative Muslim culture that can be understood as the central organising principle of Islamophobia: the belief that relies upon binary oppositions that allow its proponents to advocate a host of positive values, while repudiating and denigrating Muslims. This paper explains how Islamophobia can be conceptualised as the racist discourse that upholds a system of Eurocentric supremacy, a historical development based on the universalising aspects of Western culture that led to the development of a racialised social system in Europe. By demonstrating the form and content of Islamophobic discourse, the paper draws attention to a wide array of issues ranging from the securitisation discourse, institutionalisation of Islamophobia, to its modes of articulation in specific European countries. It further argues that given the rise of racist, especially Islamophobic, far-right parties in European countries, combating Islamophobia becomes an institutional priority that requires outspoken and brave initiatives and persons who not only challenge this pervasive form of racism but also address structural forms of discrimination affecting Muslims or those perceived as such.

Whose life is it anyway? Practice-based research into performed fictional-autobiography and the paradox of fiction

This article explores the notion of ‘self’ as it pertains to autobiographical writing, and its repercussions for the fact/fiction dichotomy inherent in autobiographical praxis. The mode of articulation is a discussion of the reception of two one-man plays: Memoires of a Confused Man (2016) and Are Strings Attached? (2017). Both plays are written and performed by this writer. Drawing on philosophical, cognitive and spiritual discourses, I show that ‘selfhood’ is not a transparent and unproblematic proposition. I then re-examine the so-called paradox of fiction. I argue that it is common experience to care about notional entities and suggest that this comes about by way of ‘transfictional disavowal’ and ‘affective metalepsis’. Finally, I offer an exemplary text, read first as ‘fiction’, and then as ‘autobiography’. I then propose a new modality of the ‘paradox of fiction’, which offers a satisfactory reading position of autobiographical writings based on a re-evaluation of ‘selfhood’.

‘Post-race’ racisms in the narratives of ‘Brexit’ voters

Although a growing body of scholarship seeks to understand the motivations behind the ‘Brexit’ vote – including that which centralises explorations of racism, nationalism and post-colonialism – little consideration has been given to the ways in which ‘post-race’ racisms underpin the narratives of Leave voters. This article draws on data generated through 13 semi-structured interviews to examine the subtle and subterranean ways in which xeno-racism is articulated in the accounts of some Leave voters in the Greater Manchester city of Salford: a city that saw a higher percentage of the electorate (56.8%) vote to leave the EU than the national average (51.9%). Whilst restricting immigration was a key motivator of Leave voters in our research, interviewees vehemently rejected accusations of racism. Instead, couching their views in seemingly non-racial ways, they framed their concerns about immigration as a ‘legitimate’ response to a victimised whiteness. Thus, in discussing our data, we argue that far from living in a ‘post-racial’ epoch, racisms continue to thrive through new modes of articulation. These new racisms emerge from the shadows at key times, such as the EU Referendum, and refashion themselves in ways that are considered more palatable than the older (explicit) racisms of past.

Constructing Transnational Solidarity: The Role of Campaign Governance

AbstractOur inductive study of two transnational labour solidarity efforts focuses on the role of campaign governance. Specifically, we study contrasting campaign strategies, tactics and coalition structures in campaigns by two global union federations, UNI Global Union and the IUF, contextualized in terms of how these campaigns unfolded in India. Our contribution consists of two arguments. The first is that a degree of internal consistency amongst different campaign elements is important for success, and the second is that a mode of articulation that allows for local concerns in affiliate countries to find voice in global campaigns is more likely to result in concrete gains at the local level.

From Philosopher's Wife to Feminist Autotheorist: Performing Phallic Mimesis as Parody in Chris Kraus's I Love Dick

From Philosopher's Wife to Feminist Autotheorist:Performing Phallic Mimesis as Parody in Chris Kraus's I Love Dick Lauren Fournier (bio) I just knew in a quiet way I was ruined. If I agreed to be female. Eileen Myles Foreword to Chris Kraus's I Love Dick Chris kraus's I Love Dick (1997) is a polarizing, genre-blurring book of contemporary feminist literature that continues to perplex and thrill readers with its weird modes of articulation. Brassily sharp yet self-consciously complicit in her critiques of theory and the art world, the protagonist Chris Kraus is a barely-fictionalized version of the author who writes through the end of her marriage to her then-husband Sylvere Lotringer-the French-American cultural critic and founding editor of Semiotext(e) press. The plot of I Love Dick centres around Kraus's obsession with a man named Dick, a British writer and theorist whom she meets in the opening pages through Lotringer, but the book is not so much driven by plot as it is by political and discursive issues related to contemporary theory, art, writing, and feminism. Over the course of the book, Kraus pens self-reflexive letters to Dick (who she names her "ideal reader" [Dick 130]) about her coming-of-age as a woman and aspiring artist in an academic art scene [End Page 23] where her husband thrives, interpellating Dick as a phallic cipher for all her desires and frustrations. The resurgence of interest in I Love Dick over the last five years is due in part to its prescient moves around public shame and blame that resonate with present-day feminist movements like #TimesUp and #MeToo. Kraus's I Love Dick shares with fourth-wave feminists the strategy of disclosure, or the "outing" of bad behaviour of known, named men as a means of resisting sexual harassment and rape culture. A large part of Kraus's critical practice is taking issue with specific theorists and their lived actions, drawing attention to contradictions and hypocrisies between rhetoric and practice. Whether it is French poststructuralist men like Guattari excluding women from their anthologies of theory (Dick 227) or whether it is a revered professor and academic behaving in sexually inappropriate ways with students, Kraus does not hesitate to call specific people out. In the case of the latter, it is Richard Schechner, the founder and theorist of the discipline now known as Performance Studies, who Kraus "outs" for sexual misconduct with female students (173). In 2016, just one year after American writer Maggie Nelson's similarly genre-defying The Argonauts popularized the term "autotheory"1 as a form of critical memoir, writer and director Jill Soloway extended I Love Dick's reach to Hollywood with her on-screen adaptation of Kraus's book as an Amazon series in which Kathryn Hahn played Kraus and Kevin Bacon played the titular "Dick." The one-season show was shot on location in Marfa, Texas—the home of Soloway's then-partner, poet Eileen Myles, whose 1991 Not Me was published by Kraus through Semiotext(e) sub-press Native Agents. Such entwined relations mirror the reflexively incestuous ties that constitute a certain scene of alternative American theory, literature, and criticism embodied by Semiotext(e)—a point Kraus astutely hones in on with I Love Dick—her first major published work. Working comedically, Kraus uses the strategic tactic of mimesis to subvert the unchecked gendered biases undergirding continental philosophy, French poststructuralism, and American literature. In this article, I read Chris Kraus's I Love Dick as a particularly clear example of the autotheoretical impulse in contemporary feminist practices. I consider how Kraus performatively engages with the male-authored traditions of theory from the perspective of a critically adept, postpunk, Jewish feminist living in America near the end of the twentieth century. Kraus's use of mimesis, as an iterative, transformative moment that takes [End Page 24] place over the course of her autotheoretical cult classic I Love Dick, is deeply resonant with Luce Irigaray's thesis on mimesis that she espouses in relation to the role of the philosopher's wife (This Sex Which is Not One 151). Through close readings of...