Modern Administration Research Articles

Siyaset or Politika?

Abstract In this article, we trace the diversification of Ottoman political vocabulary from the eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth in a time of dynastic restoration and administrative modernization. We focus particularly on the transformation of the concept siyâset (rule, politics) which had been in use in Muslim polities for centuries, and the emergence, in the late eighteenth century, of the word politika which has come to be used alongside siyâset since then. In making sense of this bifurcation, we demonstrate that the Ottoman elite conceptions of politics were not simply replaced by the European conceptions. Rather, the equivalence of siyâset and politika was clearly contested by Ottoman statesmen, and the political terminology of rule and administration evolved in tandem with the material transformation of the Ottoman dynasty and state.

Vaginal irritation testing-prospects of human organotypic vaginal tissue culture models.

Personal lubricants intended for local or systemic delivery via the vaginal route can induce vaginal irritation, damage the vaginal epithelial barrier which can enhance microbial entry, induce inflammation, and alter the microbiome of the vaginal ecosystem. Therefore, manufacturers of personal lubricants and medical devices are required to show biocompatibility and safety assessment data to support regulatory decision-making within a specified context of use. Furthermore, due to ethical concerns and the introduction of the 7th amendment of the European Council Directive which bans animal testing for cosmetic ingredients and products coupled with the Food and Drug Administration modernization Act 2.0 guidelines, there is a wave of drive to develop alternative test methods to predict human responses to chemical or formulation exposure. In this framework, there is a potential to use three-dimensional organotypic human vaginal-ectocervical tissue models as a screening tool to predict the vaginal irritation potential of personal lubricants and medicaments. To be physiologically relevant, the in vitro tissue models need to be reconstructed using primary epithelial cells of the specific organ or tissue and produce organ-like structure and functionality that recapitulate the in vivo-like responses. Through the years, progress has been made and vaginal tissue models are manufactured under controlled conditions with a specified performance criterion, which leads to a high level of reproducibility and reliability. The utility of vaginal tissue models has been accelerated in the last 20years with an expanded portfolio of applications ranging from toxicity, inflammation, infection to drug safety, and efficacy studies. This article provides an overview of the state of the art of diversified applications of reconstructed vaginal tissue models and highlights their utility as a tool to predict vaginal irritation potential of feminine care products.

Contextualizing islamic religious education in the 21st century in Indonesia

Education in the twenty-first century is essentially characterised by a contrast between Islamic education, which is seen in strict orthodoxy, and Western education, which tends to be secular. After this error was recognised, a concept known as the Islamization of science (a term used to describe the assimilation of Islamic principles into contemporary science) arose that attempted to reconcile Islam with knowledge. Moreover, internal issues within Islamic Religious Education itself are among the issues the organisation faces, necessitating the continuation of a structural dynamism process in order for it to endure and significantly impact the world. Islamic education faces a variety of issues in the twenty-first century, also referred to as the globalisation age. These issues include power dynamics and the direction of Islamic education, the professionalism and calibre of human resources, and curricular issues. Some people believe that practical demands, such as those of markets, fields, and employment, are the main influences on education. There is a loss of the essence of Islamic education as a basis for culture, morality, and social movement. Thus, in the twenty-first century, it is necessary to contextualise Islamic Religious Education. The findings demonstrated that the community's input, the educational process, and the educational product are the three principles that an Islamic educational institution uses to be adaptive. Several strategies, such as administrative modernization, structural differentiation, and capacity expansion, are employed in the 21st century to contextualise and dynamise Islamic Religious Education. Thus, the result of these contextualization efforts is the output of Islamic Religious Education, which also serves as an input for the community at large. This includes the production of political, economic, social, and cultural outcomes as well as changes in value systems.

Modern Office Management in the Post-Covid-19

Advanced office administration within the post-COVID-19 time is experiencing noteworthy changes. The widespread has quickened the appropriation of half-breed working designs, with a move towards inaccessible work and adaptable working models. This has driven a reconfiguration of workplaces and a reevaluation of their part in cities. The plan of advanced domestic office spaces has become crucial to meet the wants of inaccessible laborers. Furthermore, headways in office innovation have played an imperative part in managing the challenges brought around by the widespread. The longer-term workplaces are anticipated to be more collaborative, versatile, and energetic, with a center on activity-based workspace situations. Besides, grasping these moves can lead to noteworthy vitality reserve funds in office buildings. Generally, present-day office administration within the post-Covid-19 period requires organizations to adjust to modern working designs, use innovation, and make adaptable and proficient workspaces The researcher aims to conduct a Research study on modern office management in the post-Covid-19 era. Important objectives are set as follows: To study the relationship between modern management in the New Normal era and the performance of modern offices and to consider rules for planning faculty for cutting edge office administration within the post-COVID-19 time. This study was on modern office management in the post-Covid-19 era. This research has been started since studying the preliminary data of quantitative research. The test bunch utilized in this consider comprised of 378 present day office directors in Bangkok. A survey was utilized as an apparatus to gather information. Information investigation utilized clear measurements counting recurrence , cruel , rate , standard deviation, and testing of connections between advanced organization. with working comes about Utilizing numerous relationship examination and different relapse examination . The comes about of the ponder found that 1) the relationship between administration Modern era in the New Normal era in human resources Organizational learning And the aspect of adjustment in the new normal era has a positive relationship with operating results in finance, customers, and internal processes. and learning and development. 2) The relationship between modern management in the New Normal era and teamwork. Have a relationship plus financial, customer, and internal process performance results. 3) The relationship between Modern management in the New Normal era in terms of network creation There is a positive relationship between operating results, customers, internal processes. and learning and development.

Pengaruh Penerapan Sistem Modernisasi Administrasi Perpajakan dan Sanksi Pajak Terhadap Tingkat Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak UMKM (Studi Kasus Wajib Pajak UMKM di Kecamatan Coblong)

This research aims to determine the effect of implementing the tax administration modernization system and tax sanctions on the level of compliance of UMKM taxpayers in the Coblong sub-district. This research uses 60 samples of UMKM taxpayers as primary data. The data collection method involves distributing questionnaires using the purposive random sampling method. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression by testing the coefficient of determination (r2), F-test, and T-test. From the results of the t-test, it was found that the tax administration modernization system had an effect on UMKM taxpayer compliance, with a calculated t-value of 3.496 > t-table of 2.00247. The tax sanctions variable also influences MSME taxpayer compliance, with a calculated t-value of 5.608 > t-table of 2.00247. The results of the multiple linear regression significance test obtained an F value of 31.474 with a significance of 0.000. So, the coefficient of the regression equation is significant. The coefficient of determination of 52.5% indicates that modernization of the tax administration system and tax sanctions influenced 52.5% of the decision, and other variables influenced the remaining 47.5%. Keywords: tax admnistrasion modernization system, tax sanctions, UMKM taxpayer complience

Geographic dispersion, tax administration and corporate tax burden: evidence from China

PurposeFrom the perspective of local government tax administration, the impact of geographic dispersion on the corporate tax burden is investigated in this paper.Design/methodology/approachUsing unbalanced panel data with a sample of listed companies from 2003 to 2020 in China, this paper focuses on the effect of geographic dispersion on corporate tax burden and the mechanisms.FindingsIt is found that corporate tax burden is positively related to geographic dispersion. It is also found that geographic dispersion affects the corporate tax burden by increasing the effort of local government tax administration. In addition, the relation between geographic dispersion and corporate tax burden is more pronounced for local SOEs prior to the implementation of Golden Tax Project III and in cases where local governments face stronger financial pressure to obtain revenue.Originality/valueThis study has important implications for the promotion of the coordinated development of the regional economy, as well as the legalization, modernization and informatization of tax administration.

Developing “learning society” as a basic condition for perfect management education in China

The article analyzes the Chinese educational system historical formation as an instrument of human capital development. Using the historical retrospection method and hermeneutic method, the authors, based on the works of ancient Chinese thinkers, study the development and formation of management education as a core element of the Chinese educational system. Turning to Chinese prognosticism, the authors take the image of the Great Unity society, that is, social justice and equal opportunities for all citizens (“Datong”) as a basis for the future desired image, which throughout centuries of Chinese history show the universal value of education and the high status of a civil servant in such a society. The historical background of modern educational system formation has been described and one of the key problems of modern China – the gap between the huge demand for higher education in society and the difficulties in the employment of graduates – pointed out. Conclusions have been drawn about the main features of the public administration modern system, the Chinese education place in the international market of educational services and the possible contribution of Chinese public administration researchers to the solution of public problems both within the country and around the world. Strategic scenarios for the further development of Chinese society in the context of the Datong project have been outlined.

The Role of Modern Tax Administration on Tax Services Quality

This study aims to examine the effect of Modernization of Tax Administration on the Quality of Tax Services at the South Makassar Primary Tax Service Office. The data in this study were obtained from taxpayers registered at KPP Pratama Makassar Selatan in 2022, namely individual taxpayers and corporate taxpayers who were willing to become respondents. This study uses primary data by conducting direct research in the field by giving a questionnaire / statement sheet to respondents and withdrawing samples using the sIovin formula with a total of 100 taxpayer respondents. The analysis that will be used is analysis with multiple regression. The data analysis technique is done by descriptive statistical analysis and SPSS 26.0. The results showed that tax socialization had a positive and significant effect on the quality of tax services, business processes and information technology had a positive and significant effect on the quality of tax services, the implementation of good governance had a positive and significant effect on the quality of tax services and the self-assessment system had a positive and significant effect on the quality of tax services

The Institution of the Prefecture in Romania (1864– 1892): Between Social Relations of Patronage and Political Networks

Historical research on the institution of the prefecture in Romania (United Principalities) in the 19th century, as a fundamental institution of modern state administration, involves several levels of analysis, combining institutional, political and social history. Our paper will focus on several aspects, in relation to a number of historical features specific to the Romanian case. These features stem from the implementation of a Western-origin institutional model in Romania, after the union of the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, until the end of the 19th century. During this period, a maturation of the modern administration can be observed, both legislatively and functionally. In addition to the legislative framework of this period (the communal law of April 1864, amended in March 1872 and March 1883, the law on county councils of April 1864 and the law on the organization of administrative authorities of November 1892), other factors are also noteworthy, which made the prefect in Romania not only a government agent at the local level, but also a county administrator: the patronage relations of the Romanian elite – a legacy of the Old Regime, and the gradual consolidation of the power networks of the governing political parties, both of which had a relevant impact on the selection process of local officials and the conduct of parliamentary elections. Keywords: Institutional history, administrative reform, ispravnik, prefect

Point of Sale’s Transaction Data: Envisioning Micro Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME)’s Inventory Management Strategy

With the progression of Big Data Analytics (BDA), Point of Sale (PoS) could be amalgamated with Inventory Management (IM) system, thereby assisting merchants in providing an overview of their inventory and even predicting when restocking is necessary. This qualitative inquiry aims to assess the merchants' awareness of digitalisation in Klang Valley, Selangor, Malaysia, from October to November of 2023, with total number of thirty merchants being interviewed. NVivo 12 was used to support analysis tasks. The results are inconclusive, as some merchants still rely on separate systems for their PoS and IM. Those who lack IM system but possess digital PoS still believe that they can sustain their inventory management through manual means. Even when IM is integrated with PoS, workers still prefer to inform the manager verbally when the stock is nearing depletion. Only those who diligently utilise the integrated system can truly appreciate the benefits of their investment in the digitisation of their daily operations. These study could provide valuable insights for governing authority, such as the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Cost of Living (KPDN) and the Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU), in incorporating essential content into their educational programs to promote the advantages of digitalisation to Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), as well as to educate Solution Providers on the need to revise their software's Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Manuals to be available in both English and Bahasa.

Cooperation with international organizations as a factor in increasing the state’s competitiveness and modernization of public administration in the field of regional development (the example of Turkey)

The article is devoted to analyzing the role of international organizations in enhancing the competitiveness of the state and modernizing public administration in regional development. The authors examined how the “policy transfer” takes place and affects the state’s competitiveness in Turkey’s example. Based on the concept of Rose on “policy transfer” and the study of E. Ertugal on the interaction of Turkey with the EU in this sphere, the authors explored the causes and methods of policy transfer of regional development; what roles do international organizations, such as the EU and the OECD, play in this process, what stages and results of policy transfer of regional development in Turkey. The authors characterized the features of the stages of policy transfer of regional development, determined the dynamics of integration of Turkey to the EU depending on the adaptation of its regional standards, legislation, and institutions to the European requirements, and increased Turkey’s competitiveness level. This improved the image of Turkey as a reliable and progressive partner and increased its attractiveness to foreign investors, trade partners, and tourists. Policy transfers of regional development also contributed to the modernization and diversification of Turkey’s economy, as it stimulated the development of regions that traditionally lagged the central and coastal areas. This enabled the country to use its potential in agriculture, industry, energy, transport, education, science, and innovation. This also helped to reduce regional inequality, poverty, and social tension, especially among the Kurdish population. The authors note that policy transfer of regional development also contributed to the enhancement of democracy and decentralization of governance in Turkey, as it strengthened the role and responsibility of regional and local authorities, as well as involved the public and civil society organizations in the process of planning and implementation of regional policy. This also enabled the country to increase its transparency, objectivity, and openness and prevent and fight corruption and clientelism. Keywords: cooperation, international organizations, competitiveness, public administration, regional development.

Management by Objectives Theory--- Still Effective for Current Business Management?

Management by objectives (MBO) is a methodology for strategic management which works to improve an organizations effectiveness by clearly defining goals that both administration and employees agree on. It focuses on transforming the organizations strategic objectives into individual objectives. In MBO management mode, top-level executives set their goals according to corporate strategic objectives, and people at the next level set their goals in terms of the goals of top management and so down the chain of command. The core is that the managers work through the issue of determining, consulting, and mutual agreement on objectives with their personnel while also evaluating their achievement. However, some argue that MBO is no longer suitable for current business management. This essay will evaluate MBO and argue that MBO may be a helpful theory for management, but it is no longer applicable to current business management. This essay will first explore the arguments in favor of the MBO theory before arguing that MBOs structure is no longer suitable or efficient for modern administration and management, and its assessment and bonus system, which is considered to motivate employees, is hard to play.

Pengaruh Modernisasi Administrasi Perpajakan, Sanksi Pajak, Dan Pemahaman Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi

Tax revenue is the largest revenue and income received by the state to realize the welfare of the Indonesian people. This study aims to analyze the effect of modernization of tax administration, tax sanctions, and knowledge of taxation on compliance of individual taxpayers at KPP Pratama Surabaya Rungkut. The research was quantitative method and use primary data objects obtained from distributing questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that modernization of tax administration, tax sanctions, and knowledge of taxation affect the compliance of individual taxpayers at KPP Pratama Surabaya Rungkut.
 Keywords: Modernization Of Tax Administration, Tax Sanctions, Knowledge Of Taxation, Individual Taxpayer Sompliance

Modern Administration and the Integrity of the Article III Judicial Power

Modern Administration and the Integrity of the Article III Judicial Power

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ

Social informatization is the main trend of modern society, which is the driving force behind the modernization of public administration. The development of information technology has a profound impact on the elements and processes of public administration, such as administrative personnel, administrative decisionmaking, administrative organizations, administrative methods, administrative documents and models of public administration.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА РАЗВИТИЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

In the information age, information technologies are the most basic and widespread technical means. Information technology will inevitably be widely used in all areas and aspects of human social life, and the sphere of public administration is no exception. Currently, we are at the initial stage of information technology development in public administration. It is very important for us to predict the reasonable form of changes caused by information technologies in the field of public administration. Informatization is the main trend of modern society, which is the force of the process of modernization of public administration. The development of information technology has a profound impact on the elements and processes of public administration, such as administrative personnel, administrative decision-making, administrative organizations, administrative methods, administrative documents and models of public administration.

The Transformation of the Financial Autonomy of Local Governments

Ensuring a broad degree of financial autonomy is a fundamental issue for local government. In the context of the administrative modernization of recent years, several legislative measures have been taken which have directly or indirectly limited the financial and economic autonomy of local governments in Hungary. The paper gives a brief overview of the development of the Hungarian local government system in 1990, comparing the initial regulation with the standards of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. It discusses, then, the restructuring of the system in 2011, and lists the legal institutions which, in the author’s view, have led to restrictions on local government management. The paper covers the introduction of the task-financing system, the establishment of district offices, the restructuring of the role of county governments, and the constitutional and other legal obstacles to municipal borrowing.

Procena primene azotnog đubriva i nano-silicijum spreja na performanse i komponente prinosa semena suncokreta

Considering the climatic altering and the noteworthy increment within the late seasonal dry stress on sunflower in semi-arid regions, it is fundamental to utilize modern administration like application nano silicon to reduce the unfavourable impacts of such stresses. A field trial was performed to study the effects of nitrogen levels (40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 ) and foliar spray treating of nano silicon (50, 100, and 150 ppm) on some traits of sunflower. The first two factors explained 79% of the variation and showed strong positive association of yield and thousand-seed weight. The N4-Si3 (120 kg ha-1 nitrogen plus 150 ppm nano silicon) indicated the higher values for most traits, leaf and head properties and seed yield. For confirmation findings of factor analysis, the clustering of traits and treatments was performed and categorized the measured traits and treatments into three clusters. The medium and high concentrations of nitrogen and nano silicon (80 and 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen; 100 and 150 ppm nano SiO2) were grouped with each other in the same cluster and were the best treatments. The nitrogen is one of the important fertilizers for sunflower production and low magnitudes of nitrogen could not be sufficient in semiarid environments. The nano silicon has beneficial ability to minimize the harmful influences of environmental stresses and can provide the goals of sustainable and low input agricultural systems in production of sunflower under semi-arid regions.

The role of the state in digitalization of education

The article examines the dynamics of digitalization of public administration in Ukraine and its impact on the efficiency and availability of services. It is noted that the creation of the Ministry of Digital Transformation reflects a significant step in the direction of modernization of public administration through the introduction of modern digital technologies. The Ministry’s plans for the period up to 2024 are considered ambitious and strategically important for the country’s digital transformation. The article also points to the challenges facing the digitalization of education in Ukraine, such as the lack of concept, funding and infrastructural problems. It is recommended to study the European experience to improve the Ukrainian system.The article analyzes in detail the main aspects of digitalization of education, in particular, the use of digital technologies in educational programs, the development of online courses and distance learning, the creation of interactive media resources, and the introduction of virtual reality into the educational process. It is noted that digitalization of education is a key stage in the development of modern education, preparing students for life and work in the digital era. The article highlights the importance of government support for providing adequate inf rastructure for digital learning and the development of software and digital learning platforms.The role of the state in ensuring the successful digitization of education is considered in detail, including the creation of a favorable environment for the introduction of digital technologies into the educational process, providing financial support and improving the qualifications of teaching staff. The article emphasizes the need to create standards and methods for effective implementation of digital technologies and control of their implementation. In general, the article identifies the role of the state as key to the successful digitization of education and supporting the education sector as a whole.

Examining the Smart City Generational Model: Conceptualizations, Implementations, and Infrastructure Canada's Smart City Challenge

Cohen's Smart City Generational model has been the basis of understanding for the evolution of the Smart Cities movement. However, how does this model align with practitioners’ conceptualization of the term? Our research focuses on Infrastructure Canada's Smart City Challenge (SCC). Through 14 primary interviews and 20 finalist applications, this research reveals that practitioners overwhelmingly understand Smart City building as a government-driven, data-centric endeavor (Smart City 2.0), as opposed to being about vendor transactions (Smart City 1.0), resident engagement (Smart City 3.0), or community co-creation (Smart City 4.0), where the specific technology is of secondary importance to project objectives. We conclude that, rather than moving through distinct generations, the smart cities movement should be understood as a gradual process of municipal public administration modernization as local governments are becoming increasingly savvy and experienced about contracting with technology firms to address urban problems.